高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 On the road同步测试题

Period 4　Writing

写明信片(Write a postcard)

　　英语课上,老师让学生们给父母或朋友写一张自己在北京旅游的明信片。要点如下:

1.来之前的想法;2.到之后的见闻。

1.应得,值得　　　　　deserve

2.围绕 surround

3.有教育意义的 educational

4.建筑物 construction

5.文化遗产 cultural relics

6.厌倦 be/feel tired of

7.度假 go on a vacation

8.许多名胜 many places of interest

9.接近大自然 get close to nature

10.开阔我们的视野 broaden our horizons

11.微笑迎接每一天 greet every day with a smile

12.保持身心健康 keep healthy both physically and mentally

13.享受丰富多彩的生活

 enjoy a colorful and fruitful life

1.文化遗产具有教育意义。但作为一个00后,我有时会厌倦古代中国的历史。

普通表达:The cultural relics are educational.But I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s.

高级表达:Educational as the cultural relics are, I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s.(as引导让步状语从句)

2.北京被许多现代建筑物环绕。北京不愧是我们祖国的首都。

普通表达:Beijing is surrounded by a pretty large number of modern constructions.Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.

高级表达:Surrounded by a pretty large number of modern constructions, Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.(过去分词短语作状语)

Dear mom and dad,

　　I, your dear daughter, am 1.having great fun going on a vacation in Beijing(在北京度假玩得很开心). 

    2.Educational as the cultural relics are(虽然文化遗产具有教育意义), I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s.However, I feel welcomed by the whole city especially when people here are 3.as friendly as we thought before(和我们之前想的一样友好).What’s more, the weather here is much cooler, at least in summer.Moreover, the roads here are broad.4.Surrounded by a pretty large number of modern constructions(被许多现代建筑物环绕), Beijing deserves its state as 5.the capital city of our motherland(我们祖国的首都). 

    Best wishes and look forward to seeing you soon.

Yours,

Li Hua

1.确定体裁:本文是一篇应用文;

2.确定人称:本文主要人称为第一人称;

3.确定时态:介绍景点见闻用一般现在时,谈论过去的行程用一般过去时,介绍下一步的行程用将来时。

1.on a trip　　　　 　在旅游

2.can’t wait to enjoy 迫不及待地欣赏

3.extremely clear 非常清新

4.crowds of visitors 成群的游客

5.be more than happy 非常开心

1.I have been on a trip for less than seven days in Hainan with my family.

我和家人在海南旅行了不到七天。

2.At the moment,I am staying in Sanya.It lies in the south of China.

目前,我住在三亚。它位于中国的南部。

3.After we got off the plane,we enjoyed the beautiful scenery.

下飞机后,我们欣赏美丽的景色。

4.When we were having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach,I made a new friend with a young man from Africa.

当我们在海滩附近的一家海鲜餐厅吃午饭时,我与一个来自非洲的年轻人成为了新朋友。

5.He is attracted to Chinese culture and has travelled to several places of interest.

他着迷于中国文化,已经游览了很多风景名胜。

【句式升级】

1.用定语从句改写句2

At the moment,I am staying in Sanya, which lies in the south of China.

2.用can’t wait改写句3

After we got off the plane,we couldn’t wait to enjoy the beautiful scenery.

3.用状语从句的省略改写句4

When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach,I made a new friend with a young man from Africa.

4.用定语从句将句4和句5合并为一句

When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach,I made a new friend with a young man from Africa, who is attracted to Chinese culture and has travelled to several places of interest.

　　假定你是李华,你在海南旅游,收到朋友Sam的来信,询问你的旅游行程。请用明信片的方式给他回信介绍情况。

注意:1.词数80左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Hi,Sam

　　I have been on a trip for less than seven days in Hainan with my family.At the moment, I am staying in Sanya.We went there by plane.After we got off the plane, we couldn’t wait to enjoy the beautiful scenery.The weather is a little hot but the sky is extremely clear.You can see crowds of visitors—the young,the old...on the island.

　　Some are surfing and others are diving in the deeper part of the sea.When having lunch at a seafood restaurant near the beach,I made a new friend with a young man from Africa, who is attracted to Chinese culture and has travelled several places of interest.

    It is definitely an exciting trip.If I have a chance,I will be more than happy to visit the place again.

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

Passage 1

(2020·浙江高考·B)

　　The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.

　　That is by design.Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.

　　“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.

　　For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.“It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.

　　In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager.Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.

【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯,大大缓解了交通压力,也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路,而是能够采用新方法。

1.What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Increased length of green lights.

B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.

C.Flexible timing of traffic signals.

D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.

【解析】选C。代词指代题。That位于第二段句首,应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.”(就像交通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会变化。)可知,第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化;“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之。”,由此可推知,That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。

2.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?

A.They work better on broad roads.

B.They should be used in other cities.

C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.

D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways”(但适应性信号灯并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)及“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference”(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重,只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作用)可推知,Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D项。

3.What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?

A.It is rewarding to try new things.

B.The old methods still work today.

C.It pays to put theory into practice.

D.The simplest way is the best way.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句(这些灯,被称为适应性信号灯,已经大大减少了工作和家庭之间的麻烦和花费。)和最后一段第一句(在Bellevue,对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样。)可推知,从Bellevue的成功中可以得出,尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。

　　本文介绍了智能信号灯的利与弊。文章选材时代性强,贴近学生生活,考查能力全面,侧重考查学生的语言知识、文化意识和逻辑思维、批判性思维、辩证思维能力,关注学生的核心素养,充分体现高考坚持立德树人,发展素质教育的功能。

Main idea:Adaptive signals

●Para.1:The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially 　1　. 

●Para.2:These lights, known as adaptive signals, have 　2　 both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home. 

●Para.3:“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being 　3　, ” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University. 

●Para.4:For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.Kevin Balke,says that while smart lights can 　4　 some cities, others are so jammed that only 　5　 in the number of cars on the road will 　6　. 

●Para.5:In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of 　7　.In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just 　8　,says Mark Poch.Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger. 

答案:1.at rush hour　2.led to significant declines in

3.addressed　4.be particularly beneficial for　5.a sharp reduction

6.make a meaningful difference　7.welcoming new approaches　8.widen the roads

核心词汇试填

1.把它降到　　　　push it down to 

2.故意,蓄意 by design 

3.快速增长的 fast-growing

4.一种自动反应 an automatic reaction to 

Passage 2

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·D)

　　Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

　　A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.

　　Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.

　　After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

　　When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.

　　“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”

【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的一位科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。

4.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?

A.They fed them.　　　　 B.They named them.

C.They trained them.   D.They measured them.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中 A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.可知,在对这些猴子进行测试之前,研究人员对它们进行了培训。故C项正确。

5.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?

A.By drawing a circle.  B.By touching a screen.

C.By watching videos.  D.By mixing two drinks.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,当猴子触摸屏幕左边时,它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励;当它们触摸屏幕的另一端(即画着圆圈的部分)时,它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知,猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。故B项正确。

6.What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?

A.They could perform basic addition.

B.They could understand simple words.

C.They could memorize numbers easily.

D.They could hold their attention for long.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.和第五段中的When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction of the smaller number to it.可知,猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值,这意味着它们在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。所以猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。故A项正确。

7.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A.Entertainment.   B.Health.

C.Education.   D.Science.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知,该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果,这属于“科学研究”范畴,故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故D项正确。

　　本文是典型的科普说明文,考查了学生对相关研究过程和内容获取信息的能力和理解能力。涉及该科学研究的研究结果、研究过程、研究样本及研究意义,体现了“引导思辨”的特征。考生不仅要具备良好的语言能力和文化意识,还要有良好的思维品质,可以通过扩大阅读量来获取信息,提高能力。

Main idea:Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers

●Para.1:Monkeys seem to 　1　 numbers. 

●Paras.2、3:A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to 　2　 26 clearly different symbols 　3　 numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.In their cages the monkeys 　4　 touch screens.On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would 　5　 the sum of the numbers—17 in this example. 

●Paras.4、5:The researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, 　6　 that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When adding two numbers, the monkeys always 　7　 the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction of the smaller number to it. 

●Para.6: “This indicates that there is a certain way 　8　, ” Dr Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.” 

答案:1.have a way with　2.associate　3.consisting of　4.were provided with　5.be rewarded with　6.indicating　7.paid attention to　8.quantity is represented in their brains

核心词汇试填

1.精心选择的; 选择的,不普遍的; 淘汰的adj.

　　　　　　　　　　　　selective

2.带领团队 lead the team 

3.执行计算 perform a calculation 

4.系统的,有条理的 systematic