高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first课时练习

Period 4　Writing

劝告信(Persuasive Letter)

　　请根据下面要点写一封信呼吁大家针对全球变暖的问题一起行动。

要点提示:

1.现状:全球变暖,越来越严重

2.主要原因:人类活动

3.人们的态度:个人影响微小

4.你的态度:个人也可以起作用

5.你的建议:不用电器时则关掉;使用可回收材料制作的产品,而不是全新的;多种树来吸收二氧化碳。

要求:1.内容必须包括所有要点,可适当发挥;

2.词数80个左右。

①全球变暖 　　　　global warming

②人类的活动 human activities

③电器 electrical appliances

④可回收材料 recyclable materials

⑤二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

⑥导致 cause/lead to

⑦严重的 serious

⑧环境的 environmental

⑨吸收 absorb

⑩后代 future generations

(1)现状及原因

①Global warming is becoming more and more serious.

②There is no doubt that it is...that have caused global warming.

(2)别人的态度和自己的态度

Although many people hold the view that...,I still think that....

(3)表达观点

①Firstly,we should ...when ....

②Secondly,it is necessary to ....

③Last but not least,more trees should be planted to...

④The earth is our home and we have the duty to...

　　Global warming is becoming more and more serious.There is no doubt that it is 1.human activities(人类活动)that have caused global warming. 

　　Although many people hold the view that they have little effect on such huge environmental problems, 2.I still think that(我仍然认为) individuals can do something to slow down the pace of global warming. Firstly, we should turn off the electrical appliances when we are not using them.Secondly, 3.it is necessary to(有必要去)use things made of recyclable materials instead of buying new ones.Last but not least, more trees should be planted to absorb carbon dioxide. 

　　The earth is our home and 4.we have the duty to(我们有责任去) take care of it for ourselves and for our future generations. 

　　全球变暖是目前人类面临的最大的环境问题。请你根据以下提示,写一篇英语短文,为“节能减排”献计献策。

背景:随着经济的发展,更多的温室气体被排放,其中大约60%为二氧化碳,这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一。

后果:海平面上升;自然灾害频繁。

措施:1.多使用清洁能源,少用煤、油;

    2.在可能的情况下以步代车;

    3.……

注意:1.词数80个左右;

    2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

　　With the development of economy,more and more greenhouse gases are being discharged into the air.Carbon dioxide makes up about 60% of the greenhouse gases,which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming.It has harmful effects,causing the sea level to rise and many natural disasters to strike.

　　So we must take effective measures to save our planet.First,we should use more clean energy and less coal and oil.Second,we should go to work on foot or by bus instead of driving a car if possible.Third, we should plant more trees, because plants can turn Carbon dioxide into oxygen.More importantly, we should form the habit of saving energy in our daily life.We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthier environment.

Passage 1

(2020·北京高考·B)

　　Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

　　Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.

　　Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air.However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair(婴儿车), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.

　　The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy’s 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt.The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency.Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘).

　　Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.”

　　“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added.“He became very interested in gadgets(小装置).About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube.One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, ‘why don’t we put it on Baggy’s collar and let her monitor the pollution?’ So we did it.”

　　Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog.But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.”

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子汤姆·亨特和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗脖子上的污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平;监测器显示,接近地面的空气污染水平更高,这说明婴幼儿可能面临更高的肺部问题的风险。

1.With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can 　　　. 

A.take pollutant readings　　　 B.record pollutant levels

C.process collected data   D.reduce air pollution

【解析】选B。细节理解题。本题题干意为:她的衣领上戴着监测器,Baggy 可以　　　。根据文章第二段Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.(Baggy衣领上戴着污染监测器,这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。)可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。 

2.What can we learn from the Baggy data?

A.High places are free of air pollution.

B.Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.

C.Conventional monitors are more reliable.

D.Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们从Baggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么?根据文章第二段 Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.(她的监测器显示,接近地面的空气污染水平更高,这进一步突显了人们的担忧,即婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。

3.What is Tom’s purpose of doing the research?

A.To warn of a health risk. B.To find out pollution sources.

C.To test his new monitor. D.To prove Baggy’s abilities.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。本题题干意为:汤姆进行这项研究的意图是?根据文章第四段Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma.(汤姆已经将令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。)可知汤姆研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。

4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?

A.Modest.    B.Generous.

C.Creative.   D.Outgoing.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据文章,哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情,马特补充说。他对一些小装置感兴趣。大约一年前,他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午,我们出去做一些监测,他说,为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上,让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知汤姆是非常有创造力的。故答案为C项。

　　地球是人类和所有动物的共同家园。水和空气是所有生物都赖以生存的基础。所以,和动物和谐相处,保护水资源,减轻空气污染,是每个人的责任。

·Main idea:Air pollution.

·Para.1:Baggy became the first dog to 1.record pollutant levels near the ground. 

·Paras.2、3:2.What Baggy could do to record pollution levels. 

·Paras.4—7.The idea of 3.the doggy data research and their opinion about it. 

Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.

分析:本句是一个多重复合句。主句是that引导的1.宾语从句,该从句后有一个2.which引导的非限制性定语从句,其中又有一个3.that引导的同位语从句。

翻译:她的监测器表明,靠近地面的空气污染水平更高,这进一步突出了人们的担忧,即婴幼儿可能有更高的患肺部疾病的风险。

Passage 2

(2021·浙江1月高考·C)

　　Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.

　　Dr. Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.

　　“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said.“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”

　　Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.

　　Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:“Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together.“The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there.That is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr.Hobaiter.

　　Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.

　　“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said.“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications. So, it seems the gulf remains.”

【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群,翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。

5.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr. Hobaiter?

A.Memorizing specific words.

B.Understanding complex information.

C.Using voices to communicate.

D.Communicating messages on purpose.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.(她说,只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统,他们故意向其他成员发送信息)”可知,黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息,故选D。

6.What did Dr. Shultz think of the study?

A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.

B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.

C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.

D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But, she added, the results were ‘a little disappointing’(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说,这项研究是值得称赞的,它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是,她补充说,结果“有点令人失望”)”可知,这项研究是一个好的尝试,但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。

7.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?

A.Difference.　B.Conflict.　C.Balance.　D.Connection.

【解析】选A。词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.(在这方面,它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知,黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.(此外,这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知,黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的,也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.(所以,看来差异依然存在)”,故gulf的意思是difference,故选A。

8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough

B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills

C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom

D.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.(研究人员表示,他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知,文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果,所以D项:黑猩猩语言:交流手势翻译,这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。

　　科学家通过对乌干达的黑猩猩手势语言的研究,进一步加深了人类对动物的理解。在地球这个大家园里,人和动物如何相处,是一个永恒的话题。人类只有做更多的工作,才能更好地与自然界的动物和谐共生。

　　The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions.

分析:主语为1.The vagueness of the gesture meanings, suggests后面有2.either...or...连接两个宾语从句, 后面还有一个过去分词短语3.contained in their gestures and actions作后置定语。 

翻译:手势含义的模糊不清表明,黑猩猩之间几乎没有交流,或者我们仍然缺少很多有关其手势和动作的信息。