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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 Stage and screen课后作业题
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Unit 4 Stage and screen
必备词汇速记
重点单词·快速记□aspect n.方面□behave v.表现□anger n.愤怒;怒火□movement n.运动;动作□original adj.原先的;最初的□extremely adv.极度;极其□arrangement n.安排;筹划
□emotion n.强烈的情感□absorbed adj.专心致志的□brief adj.短暂的 □definitely adv.确切地;肯定地□rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的□absence n.缺乏;没有□documentary n.纪录片□responsibility n.责任
□explosive adj.爆炸(式)的;爆发的□normal adj.正常的;平常的□grateful adj.感谢的;感激的□revenge n. 报复;报仇 □awkward adj. 紧张的;不舒适的
拓展单词·联想记 □energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.精力;能源□combine v.(使)结合;(使)组合→combination n.组合;结合□transport n.交通运输系统;运输方式→ transportation n.交通□universe n.宇宙;天地;万物→universal adj.普遍的;一般的□absolutely adv.完全地;绝对地→absolute adj.绝对的;完全的;确实的□transform v.使改观;使变形;使转化→transformation n.变化;改观;转变
□appealing adj.有吸引力的;有趣的→appeal v.呼吁;恳请;有吸引力;有感染力□dazzling adj.令人印象深刻的;特别吸引人的→dazzle vt.使目眩;使惊异不已□fictional adj.虚构的;编造的;小说(中)的→fiction n.小说;虚构的事□disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望;沮丧;扫兴;使人失望的人(或事物)
重点短语·高效记 □date back to 追溯到□start with 以……开始□get across 解释清楚;传达□transform...into... 把……转变成……□put on 表演(节目)
□all too often 常常;时常□result in 导致□live up to 符合(标准);不负(盛名)□to some extent 在某种程度上□in one’s own right 凭借自身;靠自己
核心词汇探究
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideasNO.1 combine v.(使)结合,(使)组合【教材语境】So,if you want to see a show that combines music,singing,drama, poetry and costume design with explosive effect,The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes!(P39) 所以,如果你想看一场把音乐、歌曲、戏剧、诗歌和服装设计与爆炸效果结合在一起的节目,《王子复仇记》就能如你所愿!
【语块归纳】(1)combine...with... 把……与……结合in combination with 与……结合(联合)(2)combined adj.组合的;结合的combination n.结合
【语境助记】▶We can’t always combine work with pleasure.我们不能总是把工作和娱乐结合起来。▶The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品。
【链接高考】(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.研究者指出,猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值,这意味着它们在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。
NO.2 transform v.使改观,使变形,使转化【教材语境】Using such techniques,the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.(P39)运用这些技巧,歌剧把一个小舞台变成了整个宇宙。
【语块归纳】(1)transform...into... 把……转换成……transform into 转化成;改造为be transformed from...into... 由……变成……;由……迁到……(2)transformation n.改变;转变;变革make a/the transformation 转变;改变(3)transformative adj.有改革能力的;变化的;变形的
【语境助记】▶Responsibility transformed him from a shy boy into a brave man.责任使他从一个害羞的男生变成了勇敢的男人。▶Every moment of every day,energy is being transformed from one form into another.每时每刻,能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。▶Our city will make a transformation for people here to have a comfortable environment.为了这里的人们有一个舒适的环境我们的城市将做出改造。
【巧学助记】trans-是前缀,意为“转移,变化”。如:transport运输,运送;transfer转移,调往;transmit传导,输送,播送;translate翻译。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.但是书没变,人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处。
NO.3 get across 解释清楚,传达,度过,通过,横过【教材语境】The performers of course sang in Chinese,but the music,exaggerated movements and mime helped get the meanings across to the audience.(P38)当然,表演者们用中文唱歌,但音乐,夸张的动作和哑剧让观众明白了这一点。
【语块归纳】get about 徘徊,走动,旅行;流传get away 离开,逃脱get back 取回,回来;报复
【语境助记】▶What I want to get across in this article is that it’s important that you remember what is truly important to you,even though you want to earn a living online.我在这篇文章中想要传达的是,记住对你来说真正重要的东西是很重要的,即使你想在网上谋生。
【链接高考】(2020·浙江高考) Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action.每部戏剧都有一个主题或中心思想,剧作家希望通过对话和动作来传达。
NO.4 date back to追溯到【教材语境】Dating back to the 18th century,Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. (P38)京剧可以追溯到18世纪,已有二百多年的历史。
【语块归纳】(1)date from 追溯到out of date 过时的up to date 最新的(2)date n.日期,日子; 约会; 时代,年代; 枣
【语境助记】▶The church dates from/dates back to the 13th century.这座教堂建于13世纪。▶According to the expert,the temple has a history dating back to the early Tang Dynasty.那位专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。
【名师点津】date back to/date from表示“ 追溯到”,不能用于进行时态和被动语态,有类似用法的短语还包括:belong to(属于),consist of (由……组成)等。
【链接高考】(2020·江苏高考) Some important dates in China’s fighting Covid-19 before May 7, 2020.在2020年5月7日之前,中国在抗击新冠肺炎中的一些重要日期。
Period 2 Using languageNO.1 applaud v.(为……)鼓掌【教材语境】Seeing all my family and friends in the audience applaud me,I felt so confident and grateful.(P41)看到观众中所有的家人和朋友都为我鼓掌,我感到非常自信和感激。
【语块归纳】(1)applaud sb. for sth. 为某事向某人鼓掌(2)applause n.鼓掌receive/draw/get/win applause for 因为……获得掌声
【语境助记】▶The singer received a good round of applause for her performance.那位歌手的表演得到了热烈的掌声。▶We all applaud you for your decision.我们一致赞成你的决定。
【链接高考】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) As soon as we finished the song, all the audience gave us warm applause.我们一唱完这首歌,所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。
NO.2 overcome (overcame,overcome) v.控制(感情),克服(困难)【教材语境】But thanks to the support of my teacher,parents and friends,I overcame my fears,knowing that I did the best I could.(P41)但是多亏我的老师、父母和朋友的支持,我克服了恐惧,我知道我已经尽力了。
【语块归纳】be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror /grief 因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持
【语境助记】▶Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。▶As long as we have a strong will,we will be able to overcome any difficulty.只要我们有坚强的意志,我们就能够克服任何困难。
【链接高考】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.你肯定需要克服一些困难,有些是有计划的,但大多数是计划外的。 没有足够的动力,你就无法克服它们。
NO.3 absorbed adj.专心致志的【教材语境】As soon as the curtain rose,I was absorbed.(P41)幕布一升起,我就被吸引了。
【语块归纳】(1)be/ become absorbed in... 全神贯注于……,专心于……absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力(2)absorb vt.吸收,吸取absorption n.吸收,全神贯注,专心致志,合并with absorption 专注地
【语境助记】▶I have formed the good habit of being absorbed in eating.我已经养成了全神贯注地吃饭的好习惯。▶Exercise can promote absorption of nutrients by the body.运动可以促进身体吸收营养。▶He painted the wall with absorption without noticing someone came in.他全神贯注地粉刷墙壁,没有注意到有人进来。
【链接高考】(2020·北京高考) Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it.Lancom训练你的大脑高效学习,所以你在应用程序中吸收更多的信息,并继续在应用程序之外学习。
NO.4 appealing adj. 有吸引力的,有趣的【教材语境】Leopards are such appealing creatures. (P42)豹子是很具有吸引力的生物。
【语块归纳】(1)appeal to (对某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感兴趣appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求(做)某事appeal for 恳求;呼吁(2)make an appeal 发出呼吁
【语境助记】▶While this sounds highly appealing,it does not work.虽然这听起来很有吸引力,但是没有用。▶Having realized his mistakes,the boy appealed for mercy.意识到自己的错误,这个男孩恳求宽恕。▶The government is appealing to everyone to save water.政府呼吁每个人节约用水。▶The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方正在呼吁公众提供有关这一犯罪活动的信息。
Period 3 Developing ideasNO.1 escape v. (从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离,逃避,摆脱 n.[C,U]逃跑,逃脱【教材语境】This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can’t escape from,with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions.(P45)这是即使是非常成功的哈利·波特电影也无法逃避的事情,那些书的粉丝们对在电影版本中没有看到他们最喜欢的角色感到失望。
【语块归纳】escape from 从……逃脱,逃走escape+n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事an escape from reality 逃避现实a narrow/near escape 死里逃生fire escape 太平梯,安全梯;安全出口
【语境助记】▶They managed to escape from the burning building by breaking down the door.他们砸开了失火房子的门,逃了出来。▶His escape from the prison made all the people in the town worried.他从监狱逃走了,这使得镇上的人都很担忧。▶The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.那两名警官极其幸运,没有受重伤。▶Mary spoke to me,but her name escaped me at that moment.玛丽和我说话,但那个时候我没有想起她的名字。
NO.2 be based on以……为基础(或根据)【教材语境】They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”,but the briefest look at books and the movies based on them would have anyone questioning this common saying.(P44)他们说“一幅画胜过千言万语”,但最简略地看一看基于它们的书籍和电影,任何人都会质疑这句俗语。
【语块归纳】(2)base sth. on/upon sth. 以……为基础(或根据)base sb./sth./oneself in 以……为据点(或总部等)
【语境助记】▶He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出了这个结论。▶They decided to base the new company in Beijing.他们决定把新公司总部设在北京。▶You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.你不能接受给你的意见,除非它是基于事实的。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.重读的美妙之处在于,我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。
NO.3 end up结束,告终【教材语境】All too often,great words end up being turned into cinematic “turkeys”.(P44)很多时候,伟大的话语最终会变成影片的“失败品”。
【语块归纳】(1)end up with 以……告终end up doing sth. 结束/停止做某事end up in 在……结束,以……为结局(2)end n. 末尾;尽头;终止;结果,目标
【语境助记】▶Don’t be mean with fabric, otherwise curtains will end up looking skimpy.别这么吝啬布料,不然做出来的窗帘会显得特寒酸。▶Each two-week camp ends with a trip to Washington DC.每个为期两周的夏令营都以华盛顿之旅结束。
NO.4 live up to符合(标准),不负(盛名)【教材语境】Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of“the most beautiful woman in the world”,influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.(P45)许多人认为她辜负了海伦“世界上最美丽的女人”的称号,在一定程度上影响了人们对这部电影的看法。
【语块归纳】live on 以……为食live apart 分开居住live together 住在一起;相处live with 与……一起生活; (与异性)同居; 学会去适应; 接受并忍受
【语境助记】▶We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们将不辜负父母对我们的期望。▶I had to live on bread and water when I was a student.当我还是个学生的时候,我不得不靠面包和水生活。▶After their worst quarrel, Jim and Mary wondered if they should live apart for a time to try to improve their relationship.在他们最厉害的争吵之后,吉姆和玛丽想知道他们是否应该分开住一段时间,试图改善他们的关系。
【高频句式】句式 be not sure +if引导的宾语从句【教材语境】Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince Zidan,I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it.(P39)在体验《王子复仇记》之前,我不确定我是否会喜欢它。
疑难句式破解
【句式解构】be sure+从句,意思为“确信”。表示心理活动的形容词作表语时,后可接that,if,whether引导的宾语从句。常见的形容词有:glad,happy,afraid,certain, sure等。
【语境助记】▶I am sure that we will win the football game.我确信我们将赢得这场足球比赛。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.这位艺术家确信他会被选中,但当他把他的杰作呈现给皇帝的大臣时,那个老人笑了。
【长难句分析】难句1 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read,a movie typically lasts under two hours.(P44～45)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】句中主干为One (of the key reasons behind this) is that..., that连接的是表语从句,从句中while作为并列连词,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。【参考译文】这背后的一个关键原因是,一本书通常需要几天的时间来阅读,然而一部电影通常持续不到两个小时。
难句2 Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”,influencing opinions of the movie to some extent. (P45)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】本句为一个复合句。influencing opinions of the movie to some extent为现在分词短语作结果状语,表一种必然性的结果。【参考译文】很多人认为她辜负了海伦“世界上最美女性”的称号,因此在某种程度上影响了大家对这部电影的看法。
主要用法精讲 动词的-ing形式(短语)可以在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因或条件时,通常位于句子的前部;表示方式、伴随或结果时,通常位于句子的后部。
语法精讲突破
1.作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句▶Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise,I turned round.听到响声我转过身去。2.作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句▶Being too young, he couldn’t join the army.=Because he was too young,he couldn’t join the army.因为年轻,他不能参军。
3.作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句▶Working hard ,you’ll succeed.=If you work hard,you’ll succeed.努力工作,你会成功的。
4.作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句动词-ing短语作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时它的前面可带有连词although,whether,even if,even though等。▶Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.=Although/Though I admit what she said,I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
5.作方式状语或伴随状语▶He walked down the river, singing softly to himself.=He walked down the river and sang softly to himself.他沿着河流一边走,一边轻轻地唱。
6.表示结果,作结果状语,相当于结果状语从句通常放在句末,中间有逗号隔开,表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。▶His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.=His parents died in the war so that he became an orphan.他的父母在战争中死亡,以致他成了孤儿。
7.动词-ing形式作评注性状语有少数动词-ing(短语)并不表示主语的动作,即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题,只是表示说话人的态度。常这样用的有:(1)generally/frankly/properly/...speaking 一般/坦白/恰当……说来(2)judging from/by... 从……判断(3)considering... 考虑到……(4)supposing... 假设……▶Judging from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她的上封来信看,他们过得非常愉快。
【名师点津】动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项:1.动词-ing形式的时态动词-ing(短语)作状语时,要注意它的时间性,即注意是用其一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。2.动词-ing形式的被动语态现在分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。其语态主要取决于现在分词和句子主语间的关系。
【难点释疑】现在分词和不定式作结果状语的不同:现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。
【巧学助记】分词作状语,主语是问题。前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-ed。
Unit 4 Stage and screen
必备词汇速记
重点单词·快速记□aspect n.方面□behave v.表现□anger n.愤怒;怒火□movement n.运动;动作□original adj.原先的;最初的□extremely adv.极度;极其□arrangement n.安排;筹划
□emotion n.强烈的情感□absorbed adj.专心致志的□brief adj.短暂的 □definitely adv.确切地;肯定地□rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的□absence n.缺乏;没有□documentary n.纪录片□responsibility n.责任
□explosive adj.爆炸(式)的;爆发的□normal adj.正常的;平常的□grateful adj.感谢的;感激的□revenge n. 报复;报仇 □awkward adj. 紧张的;不舒适的
拓展单词·联想记 □energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.精力;能源□combine v.(使)结合;(使)组合→combination n.组合;结合□transport n.交通运输系统;运输方式→ transportation n.交通□universe n.宇宙;天地;万物→universal adj.普遍的;一般的□absolutely adv.完全地;绝对地→absolute adj.绝对的;完全的;确实的□transform v.使改观;使变形;使转化→transformation n.变化;改观;转变
□appealing adj.有吸引力的;有趣的→appeal v.呼吁;恳请;有吸引力;有感染力□dazzling adj.令人印象深刻的;特别吸引人的→dazzle vt.使目眩;使惊异不已□fictional adj.虚构的;编造的;小说(中)的→fiction n.小说;虚构的事□disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望;沮丧;扫兴;使人失望的人(或事物)
重点短语·高效记 □date back to 追溯到□start with 以……开始□get across 解释清楚;传达□transform...into... 把……转变成……□put on 表演(节目)
□all too often 常常;时常□result in 导致□live up to 符合(标准);不负(盛名)□to some extent 在某种程度上□in one’s own right 凭借自身;靠自己
核心词汇探究
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideasNO.1 combine v.(使)结合,(使)组合【教材语境】So,if you want to see a show that combines music,singing,drama, poetry and costume design with explosive effect,The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes!(P39) 所以,如果你想看一场把音乐、歌曲、戏剧、诗歌和服装设计与爆炸效果结合在一起的节目,《王子复仇记》就能如你所愿!
【语块归纳】(1)combine...with... 把……与……结合in combination with 与……结合(联合)(2)combined adj.组合的;结合的combination n.结合
【语境助记】▶We can’t always combine work with pleasure.我们不能总是把工作和娱乐结合起来。▶The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品。
【链接高考】(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.研究者指出,猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值,这意味着它们在进行计算,而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。
NO.2 transform v.使改观,使变形,使转化【教材语境】Using such techniques,the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.(P39)运用这些技巧,歌剧把一个小舞台变成了整个宇宙。
【语块归纳】(1)transform...into... 把……转换成……transform into 转化成;改造为be transformed from...into... 由……变成……;由……迁到……(2)transformation n.改变;转变;变革make a/the transformation 转变;改变(3)transformative adj.有改革能力的;变化的;变形的
【语境助记】▶Responsibility transformed him from a shy boy into a brave man.责任使他从一个害羞的男生变成了勇敢的男人。▶Every moment of every day,energy is being transformed from one form into another.每时每刻,能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。▶Our city will make a transformation for people here to have a comfortable environment.为了这里的人们有一个舒适的环境我们的城市将做出改造。
【巧学助记】trans-是前缀,意为“转移,变化”。如:transport运输,运送;transfer转移,调往;transmit传导,输送,播送;translate翻译。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.但是书没变,人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处。
NO.3 get across 解释清楚,传达,度过,通过,横过【教材语境】The performers of course sang in Chinese,but the music,exaggerated movements and mime helped get the meanings across to the audience.(P38)当然,表演者们用中文唱歌,但音乐,夸张的动作和哑剧让观众明白了这一点。
【语块归纳】get about 徘徊,走动,旅行;流传get away 离开,逃脱get back 取回,回来;报复
【语境助记】▶What I want to get across in this article is that it’s important that you remember what is truly important to you,even though you want to earn a living online.我在这篇文章中想要传达的是,记住对你来说真正重要的东西是很重要的,即使你想在网上谋生。
【链接高考】(2020·浙江高考) Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action.每部戏剧都有一个主题或中心思想,剧作家希望通过对话和动作来传达。
NO.4 date back to追溯到【教材语境】Dating back to the 18th century,Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. (P38)京剧可以追溯到18世纪,已有二百多年的历史。
【语块归纳】(1)date from 追溯到out of date 过时的up to date 最新的(2)date n.日期,日子; 约会; 时代,年代; 枣
【语境助记】▶The church dates from/dates back to the 13th century.这座教堂建于13世纪。▶According to the expert,the temple has a history dating back to the early Tang Dynasty.那位专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。
【名师点津】date back to/date from表示“ 追溯到”,不能用于进行时态和被动语态,有类似用法的短语还包括:belong to(属于),consist of (由……组成)等。
【链接高考】(2020·江苏高考) Some important dates in China’s fighting Covid-19 before May 7, 2020.在2020年5月7日之前,中国在抗击新冠肺炎中的一些重要日期。
Period 2 Using languageNO.1 applaud v.(为……)鼓掌【教材语境】Seeing all my family and friends in the audience applaud me,I felt so confident and grateful.(P41)看到观众中所有的家人和朋友都为我鼓掌,我感到非常自信和感激。
【语块归纳】(1)applaud sb. for sth. 为某事向某人鼓掌(2)applause n.鼓掌receive/draw/get/win applause for 因为……获得掌声
【语境助记】▶The singer received a good round of applause for her performance.那位歌手的表演得到了热烈的掌声。▶We all applaud you for your decision.我们一致赞成你的决定。
【链接高考】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) As soon as we finished the song, all the audience gave us warm applause.我们一唱完这首歌,所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。
NO.2 overcome (overcame,overcome) v.控制(感情),克服(困难)【教材语境】But thanks to the support of my teacher,parents and friends,I overcame my fears,knowing that I did the best I could.(P41)但是多亏我的老师、父母和朋友的支持,我克服了恐惧,我知道我已经尽力了。
【语块归纳】be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror /grief 因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持
【语境助记】▶Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。▶As long as we have a strong will,we will be able to overcome any difficulty.只要我们有坚强的意志,我们就能够克服任何困难。
【链接高考】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.你肯定需要克服一些困难,有些是有计划的,但大多数是计划外的。 没有足够的动力,你就无法克服它们。
NO.3 absorbed adj.专心致志的【教材语境】As soon as the curtain rose,I was absorbed.(P41)幕布一升起,我就被吸引了。
【语块归纳】(1)be/ become absorbed in... 全神贯注于……,专心于……absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力(2)absorb vt.吸收,吸取absorption n.吸收,全神贯注,专心致志,合并with absorption 专注地
【语境助记】▶I have formed the good habit of being absorbed in eating.我已经养成了全神贯注地吃饭的好习惯。▶Exercise can promote absorption of nutrients by the body.运动可以促进身体吸收营养。▶He painted the wall with absorption without noticing someone came in.他全神贯注地粉刷墙壁,没有注意到有人进来。
【链接高考】(2020·北京高考) Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it.Lancom训练你的大脑高效学习,所以你在应用程序中吸收更多的信息,并继续在应用程序之外学习。
NO.4 appealing adj. 有吸引力的,有趣的【教材语境】Leopards are such appealing creatures. (P42)豹子是很具有吸引力的生物。
【语块归纳】(1)appeal to (对某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感兴趣appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求(做)某事appeal for 恳求;呼吁(2)make an appeal 发出呼吁
【语境助记】▶While this sounds highly appealing,it does not work.虽然这听起来很有吸引力,但是没有用。▶Having realized his mistakes,the boy appealed for mercy.意识到自己的错误,这个男孩恳求宽恕。▶The government is appealing to everyone to save water.政府呼吁每个人节约用水。▶The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方正在呼吁公众提供有关这一犯罪活动的信息。
Period 3 Developing ideasNO.1 escape v. (从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离,逃避,摆脱 n.[C,U]逃跑,逃脱【教材语境】This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can’t escape from,with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions.(P45)这是即使是非常成功的哈利·波特电影也无法逃避的事情,那些书的粉丝们对在电影版本中没有看到他们最喜欢的角色感到失望。
【语块归纳】escape from 从……逃脱,逃走escape+n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事an escape from reality 逃避现实a narrow/near escape 死里逃生fire escape 太平梯,安全梯;安全出口
【语境助记】▶They managed to escape from the burning building by breaking down the door.他们砸开了失火房子的门,逃了出来。▶His escape from the prison made all the people in the town worried.他从监狱逃走了,这使得镇上的人都很担忧。▶The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.那两名警官极其幸运,没有受重伤。▶Mary spoke to me,but her name escaped me at that moment.玛丽和我说话,但那个时候我没有想起她的名字。
NO.2 be based on以……为基础(或根据)【教材语境】They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”,but the briefest look at books and the movies based on them would have anyone questioning this common saying.(P44)他们说“一幅画胜过千言万语”,但最简略地看一看基于它们的书籍和电影,任何人都会质疑这句俗语。
【语块归纳】(2)base sth. on/upon sth. 以……为基础(或根据)base sb./sth./oneself in 以……为据点(或总部等)
【语境助记】▶He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出了这个结论。▶They decided to base the new company in Beijing.他们决定把新公司总部设在北京。▶You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.你不能接受给你的意见,除非它是基于事实的。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.重读的美妙之处在于,我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。
NO.3 end up结束,告终【教材语境】All too often,great words end up being turned into cinematic “turkeys”.(P44)很多时候,伟大的话语最终会变成影片的“失败品”。
【语块归纳】(1)end up with 以……告终end up doing sth. 结束/停止做某事end up in 在……结束,以……为结局(2)end n. 末尾;尽头;终止;结果,目标
【语境助记】▶Don’t be mean with fabric, otherwise curtains will end up looking skimpy.别这么吝啬布料,不然做出来的窗帘会显得特寒酸。▶Each two-week camp ends with a trip to Washington DC.每个为期两周的夏令营都以华盛顿之旅结束。
NO.4 live up to符合(标准),不负(盛名)【教材语境】Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of“the most beautiful woman in the world”,influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.(P45)许多人认为她辜负了海伦“世界上最美丽的女人”的称号,在一定程度上影响了人们对这部电影的看法。
【语块归纳】live on 以……为食live apart 分开居住live together 住在一起;相处live with 与……一起生活; (与异性)同居; 学会去适应; 接受并忍受
【语境助记】▶We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们将不辜负父母对我们的期望。▶I had to live on bread and water when I was a student.当我还是个学生的时候,我不得不靠面包和水生活。▶After their worst quarrel, Jim and Mary wondered if they should live apart for a time to try to improve their relationship.在他们最厉害的争吵之后,吉姆和玛丽想知道他们是否应该分开住一段时间,试图改善他们的关系。
【高频句式】句式 be not sure +if引导的宾语从句【教材语境】Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince Zidan,I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it.(P39)在体验《王子复仇记》之前,我不确定我是否会喜欢它。
疑难句式破解
【句式解构】be sure+从句,意思为“确信”。表示心理活动的形容词作表语时,后可接that,if,whether引导的宾语从句。常见的形容词有:glad,happy,afraid,certain, sure等。
【语境助记】▶I am sure that we will win the football game.我确信我们将赢得这场足球比赛。
【链接高考】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.这位艺术家确信他会被选中,但当他把他的杰作呈现给皇帝的大臣时,那个老人笑了。
【长难句分析】难句1 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read,a movie typically lasts under two hours.(P44～45)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】句中主干为One (of the key reasons behind this) is that..., that连接的是表语从句,从句中while作为并列连词,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。【参考译文】这背后的一个关键原因是,一本书通常需要几天的时间来阅读,然而一部电影通常持续不到两个小时。
难句2 Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”,influencing opinions of the movie to some extent. (P45)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】本句为一个复合句。influencing opinions of the movie to some extent为现在分词短语作结果状语,表一种必然性的结果。【参考译文】很多人认为她辜负了海伦“世界上最美女性”的称号,因此在某种程度上影响了大家对这部电影的看法。
主要用法精讲 动词的-ing形式(短语)可以在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因或条件时,通常位于句子的前部;表示方式、伴随或结果时,通常位于句子的后部。
语法精讲突破
1.作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句▶Hearing the noise, I turned round.=When I heard the noise,I turned round.听到响声我转过身去。2.作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句▶Being too young, he couldn’t join the army.=Because he was too young,he couldn’t join the army.因为年轻,他不能参军。
3.作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句▶Working hard ,you’ll succeed.=If you work hard,you’ll succeed.努力工作,你会成功的。
4.作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句动词-ing短语作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时它的前面可带有连词although,whether,even if,even though等。▶Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.=Although/Though I admit what she said,I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
5.作方式状语或伴随状语▶He walked down the river, singing softly to himself.=He walked down the river and sang softly to himself.他沿着河流一边走,一边轻轻地唱。
6.表示结果,作结果状语,相当于结果状语从句通常放在句末,中间有逗号隔开,表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。▶His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.=His parents died in the war so that he became an orphan.他的父母在战争中死亡,以致他成了孤儿。
7.动词-ing形式作评注性状语有少数动词-ing(短语)并不表示主语的动作,即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题,只是表示说话人的态度。常这样用的有:(1)generally/frankly/properly/...speaking 一般/坦白/恰当……说来(2)judging from/by... 从……判断(3)considering... 考虑到……(4)supposing... 假设……▶Judging from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她的上封来信看,他们过得非常愉快。
【名师点津】动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项:1.动词-ing形式的时态动词-ing(短语)作状语时,要注意它的时间性,即注意是用其一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。2.动词-ing形式的被动语态现在分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。其语态主要取决于现在分词和句子主语间的关系。
【难点释疑】现在分词和不定式作结果状语的不同:现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。
【巧学助记】分词作状语,主语是问题。前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-ed。
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