高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement复习练习题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement复习练习题，共13页。
【教材原句】
This year’s Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine has been awarded t Tu Yuyu, whse research led t the discvery f artemisinin, a crucial new treatment fr malaria. (教材P2)
In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nbel Prize fr Physics fr his explanatin f the phtelectric effect. (教材P8)
【辨析】
三者都有“奖赏”之意，但意思各有侧重，用法也有一定区别。
award 作名词意思是“奖，奖品，奖状，奖金”，指因在比赛或某方面的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉；作动词意思是“颁奖给…，授予，授奖，给….颁奖”，可以接双宾语，构成award sb. sth. (= award sth. t sb.) 结构。
reward 作名词意思是“奖赏，酬金，酬劳，酬谢”，既可以指工作中或某方面的贡献而得到的回报，也可指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回丢失的人或物而得到的奖赏，酬金，酬劳，不能接双宾语，长构成reward sb. with sth.结构。
prize 常作名词，意思是“奖赏，奖品，奖”，常指因在某方面做出巨大贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获奖，如：the Nbel Prize fr Physics/Medicine/Peace 弄贝尔物理学奖/医学奖/和平奖。
温馨提示：影视作品获奖一般用award表示。
【例句呈现】
The mvie wn nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
The smart mney is n him fr the best actr award.
内行认为他将获最佳演员奖。
Damages may be awarded fr emtinal injury.
可能会判处精神伤害赔偿。
He has been awarded a research grant.
他得到一笔研究经费。
There is a reward fr infrmatin leading t the recvery f the missing diamnds.
凡能为找回丢失的钻石提供线索者可获奖赏。
She was richly rewarded fr all her hard wrk.
她一向勤劳苦干，得到了丰厚的回报。
They are nw reaping the rewards f all their hard wrk.
现在，他们的全部辛劳都得到了回报。
She was rewarded fr her 40 years' faithful service with the cmpany.
她为公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。
There will be a prize fr the mst innvative design.
将设立一项最具创意设计奖。
She wn first prize in the cmpetitin.
她在竞赛中获得头奖。
The star prize is a weekend fr tw in Paris.
特等奖是二人巴黎周末游。
She was awarded the Nbel Peace prize.
她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。
He wn first prize in the wdwind sectin.
他获得木管乐器组一等奖。
【考点过关】
用award, reward和prize的适当形式填空
1. He wn the _______ f 1000 dllars in the ftball match last week.
2. The lady gave him a _______ fr his helping her.
3. She wn the first ______ at the speech cntest.
4. A $100 ________ has been ffered fr the return f the backpack.
5. He wn the Husing Design ________ fr the year 2011.
6. The award f the Nbel ________ has crwned a glrius career in physics.
7. The plice will ________ whever prvides useful infrmatin t catch the rbber.
8. His effrts ________ with gd fruits at last.
9. They ________ Jhn the first prize last mnth.
10. The plice are ffering a big _______ fr infrmatin abut the rbbery.
【参考答案】
1. award/prize; 2. reward; 3. prize; 4. reward; 5. Award; 6. Prize; 7. reward; 8. were rewarded; 9. awarded; 10. reward
●die frm; die f
【教材原句】
Over 200 millin peple arund the wrld get malaria each year, and abut 600, 000 die frm it. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都是“死于…., 因….而死”的意思，当宾语是具体的病名或illness/sickness/disease时，可以换用，但在其它意义上有一定的区别。
die frm强调因受伤、劳累、身体虚弱、不良生活习惯、自然灾害和意外事故等造成的死亡, 外因居多。
die f 强调因疾病、饥渴，寒冷，年老和各种情感因素造成的死亡，内因居多。
【例句呈现】
400 peple a year die f/frm this disease n average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Millins culd die f hunger as an indirect result f the war
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿。
Only ne in 10 peple wh are ver 80 will die f/frm cancer.
现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
He said six millin children die f hunger every year.
他说，每年大约600万儿童死于饥饿。
In Britain tday, ne in three men will die f/frm heart disease.
在如今的英国三分之一的人死于心脏�
Fine, die f thirst that'll really shw me.
好，渴死的时候再来向我要.
They als were twenty-three percent mre likely t die f/frm cancer.
她们患癌症的死亡率也要高23%。
Many peple die f starvatin during famines every year.
每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
Peple d nt die f clds.
哪有伤风感冒就会送命的。
Freda Bright says, "Only in pera d peple die f lve."
弗雷德·布莱特说过，“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。”
It's reprted that thusands f peple die frm illegal driving each year.
据报道,每年有数千人死于非法驾驶。
I think we'd die frm hypthermia r expsure t the elements first.
我认为我们会首先死于体温过低或曝晒。
He says there is a real danger that mre peple culd die frm the ecnmic impact f COVID-19 than frm the virus itself.
他表示，会有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的经济危机，甚于疫情本身，这是一种现实危险。
The CDC estimates that abut ne in five peple wh die frm drwning are under age 14.
美国国家疾病防疫中心声称，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14岁以下的儿童。
One third f the wrld's cigarettes are smked in China, where ver ne millin peple die frm smking every year.
中国占据全球香烟的三分之一，每年因吸烟死亡的人数超过了100万人。
【考点过关】
用die frm, die f的适当形式填空
1. The ld man _______ lung cancer last year.
2. The cuple and their sn _______ AIDS yesterday.
3. The prblem is that 10, 000 peple _______ diseases every week caused by smking.
4. Arund fifty peple _______ hunger every day in the big city.
5. Her father and her brthers wuld _______ shame
6. Sme children in the cuntryside in India _______ cld and starvatin.
7. Every year there are sme yung peple _______ disappinted lve in the cuntry.
8. The wman _______ laughter and excitement several mnths.
9. Alice _______ srrw and bredm last week.
10. Tm’s grandfather ________ smking last night.
11. The brave sldier _______ a chest wund.
12. Many peple ________ drinking t much wine every year.
13. The peasant _______ verwrk in the factry the day befre yesterday.
14. Thse ld men in the village _______ weakness.
15. Nwadays mre and mre yung peple ______ heart illness.
16. The by ______ a car accident three days ag.
【参考答案】
1. died f/frm; 2. died f/frm; 3. die f/frm; 4. die f; 5. die f; 6. die f; 7. dying f; 8. died f; 9. died f; 10. died frm; 11. died frm; 12. die frm; 13. died frm; 14. died frm; 15. die frm; 16. died frm
●try t d sth. ; manage t d sth.
【教材原句】
When he was 16, he tried t enter university in Switzerland, but failed due t his lw scres in the general part f the entrance exam. (教材P8)
After studying fr anther year, he managed t pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. (教材P8)
【辨析】
两个词组都可表示“设法做”之意，均可接动词不定式作宾语。但表示的含义有区别。
manage t d sth. “设法做成某事”，强调所做事情的结果，相当于succeed in ding sth. 或be successful in ding sth.
try t d sth. “努力/试图/设法做某事”，但未必一定会能成功，只强调努力的过程，对其结果无限制, 所做之事不一定有困难, 相当于try/d ne’s best t d sth.
【例句呈现】
I am trying t finish my hmewrk.
我正努力完成我的家庭作业。
I try nt t cnvince myself that she desn't lve me anymre.
我尽量不让自己相信她不再爱我了。
He didn’t try t d it.
他不肯努力去干
please try t finish this wrk in thirty minutes.
请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。
I managed t get in cntact with the lady, wh’s in charge f this prject in the cmpany.
我成功地同那家公司负责这个项目的女士取得了联系。
He managed t save her in time.
他设法及时挽救了她.
He tried t pen the bx with a knife.
他试图用刀子打开箱子。
Time given t us defines hw lng we will stay with ur families, hw many gd things we will manage t d, and hw much interesting things we will see and learn.
时间决定了我们能与家人厮守多久，我们能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我们能看到听到多少有趣的事情。
It shuld be pssible fr mst peple t manage t d it.
大多数人应该都能做到。
【考点过关】
用 manage, try适当形式填空
1. He ______ t climb the tree, but he culd nt.
2. If yu dn't ______ t d everything, it desn't matter. Mve any incmplete tasks frm tday nt tmrrw's list.
3. I see what yu mean, but if yu _______t d it, yu wn’t regret.
4. Fantastic! H des Beijing Municipal Gvernment ______ t d it?
5. Hw did yu _______t d it withut help?
6. Hw n earth did they _______ t d that?
7. If yu can ________ t d all three, yu'll raise yur intelligence by leaps and bunds.
8. Hw d yu ________ t d such a thing?
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist n speaking, we can _______ t d it.
10. Althugh yu may fail, when yu start t race fr a new team, yu ______t be successful as sn as pssible.
【参考答案】
1. tried; 2. manage; 3. try; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. try
●receive; accept
【教材原句】
He had a thick mustache and lng white hair, which smetimes std n end as thugh he had just received an electric shck. (教材P8)
【辨析】
两者都有“接受”的意思，，但用法有一定的区别。
receive 意思是“收到，接到”，表示客观事实，东西或物品等已经到手。
accept意思是“接受，领受”， 表示当事人主观的态度和意愿，强调主观性。
【例句呈现】
We cannt accept children abve the age f 10.
我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
She's decided nt t accept the jb.
她决定不接受这项工作。
She decided n reflectin t accept his ffer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
Yu must learn t accept defeat with gd grace.
你必须学会欣然承认失败。
Pride wuld nt allw him t accept the mney.
自尊心不容他接受这笔钱。
We are nt prepared t accept these cnditins.
我们无意接受这些条件。
We can receive up t 500 cable channels.
我们可以接收多达500个有线电视频道。
I haven't received a letter frm him yet.
我还没有收到他的信呢。
He received a large reward, which was n mre than his due.
他得到重赏，这也是他应该得到的。
When her husband died, she received £ 50 000 in insurance.
她丈夫去世，她得到了一笔5万英镑的保险金。
She received a summns t appear in curt the fllwing week.
她收到一张传票，让她下周出庭。
【考点过关】
用accept, receive的适当形式填空
1. It's pssible that he ________ the letter already.
2. It is generally ________ that peple are mtivated by success.
3. He ________ £ 600 by way f cmpensatin frm the cmpany yesterday.
4. Yu will ________ ntificatin f ur decisin in the next week.
5. It may take years t be cmpletely _______ by the lcal cmmunity.
6. He _______ the award in recgnitin f his success in the past.
7. She ________ t study music in the cllege last week.
8. They _______ the risks as part f the jb.
9. Yu shuld ________ a reply within seven days.
10. I’ll regret t tell yu that he didn't _______ the jb.
【参考答案】
1. has received; 2. accepted; 3. received; 4. receive; 5. accepted; 6. received; 7. was accepted; 8. accept; 9. receive; 10. accept
●if s; if any; if ever; if ever
【教材原句】
Did this unit cause yu t change yur thughts abut greatness? If s, hw? (教材P10)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假设的省略句式，是英语中常见的一种句型
if s 表示“如果那样的话”，是对前面所述内容进行的肯定假设。
if ever 表示“如果曾经做过….即使曾经做过….”，是对做过事情的省略叙述。一般是现在完成时的省略。
if any 表示“如果有的话或即使有的话”，用来加强语气。
if nt 表示“如果不那样的话”，是对前面所述内容的一种否定假设。
【例句呈现】
There wn't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困难，也不会太大。
The bject f these experiments was t find the cnnectin, if any, between the tw phenmena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
It is t early t say what effect, if any, there will be n the wrkfrce.
如果会对劳动力产生一些影响，现在就说是什么影响还言之过早。
Please let me knw hw many are cming, if any.
请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？
If s, yu're nt alne-I'm the same way.
如果这样，你也不是一个人在这么做，我也是这样的。
If s, he may nt be the ideal match fr yu.
如果他是这样的人，那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if s, where did the river get reruted?
但是，如果真是这样，那河流被改道到哪里去了呢？
D yu have a knack fr cming up with ideas? If s, we wuld lve t hear frm yu.
你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。
Rarely, if ever, des he sidestep a questin
他极少逃避问题。
She seldm, if ever, ges t the pera.
她很少去看歌剧。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revlutin.
而这些事件的结果却很难，或根本不能，与科学革命同日而语
But I say the threat is nw, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which t deply military frces.
但是我想说，威胁就在眼前，但出动军事力量这种事几乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if nt mst, scientific papers are presented rally at scientific meetings
许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。
Are yu pressed fr time, Mr. Bayliss? If nt, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【考点过关】
用if s, if any, if ever和if nt填空
1. Mary is t nly ready t help thers, seldm, ______, refusing them when they turn t her.
2. What kind f advertisements d yu read r watch in this kind f magazines, _______？
3. I might be away next week. _______, I wn’t be able t see yu.
4. Have yu ever read this chapter? ______, we encurage yu t read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article? ______, Crrect mistakes, please．
6. -- Have yu ever been t the Great Wall?
-- Perhaps nt in my memry. ______, it might have been during my early childhd.
7. The weather frecast says there will be heavy rain tmrrw. ______, we’ll stay at hme.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the bk.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place f wrk.
10. If it clears up this afternn, we’ll g camping; ______, we will have classes.
11. She seldm, ______, ges t the cinema.
12. If the fd tastes gd, we’ll buy sme; ______, nt.
13. The island is seldm, ______, visited by ships.
【参考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If s; 4. If nt; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If s; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if nt; 11. if ever; 12. if nt; 13. if ever
●apart frm; except; except fr; except that; besides
【教材原句】
Apart frm his remarkable achievements, what des the passage tell us abut Einstein’s life? (教材P9)
【辨析】
这六个词都有“除了….”的意思，它们的意思和用法既有交集又有区别。
apart frm在肯定句中表示“整体中除了具有相同特点的人或物外，还有别的人或物”，即包括在内，相当于besides; 在否定句中，表示从整体中除去具有不同特点的人或物，即排除在外，此时相当于but的用法, 有时也可与except换用。apart frm后面出现动词时，要用动名词。
except表示“排除同类事物（将整体去除一部分）”，即排除在外。后接名词、介词短语或动词原形。
but 与except意思相同，但but多与n, nne, nthing, nbdy, all, any, everyne, everything等不定代词连用。常出现在nthing but….; anything but…..; n….but…；all but….; 等否定结构中, 而且wh but….也是常见结构。
except fr常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部进行否定， 即先肯定，然后再指出个别不足之处。
except that与except fr意思相同，但后面必须接从句，有时可根据主句和从句的关系，使用wh-从句。
besides表示“除了…之外还….”，包括其后排除的事物；另外还可用作副词， 表示“而且”。
【例句呈现】
Quite apart frm/besides all the wrk, he had financial prblems.
除了那么多工作，他还有财务困难。
Apart frm keeping a brief interlude f peace, the war lasted nine years.
除了一段短暂的和平，那场战争持续了九年。
What ther sprts d yu like apart frm/besides ftball?
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
Nthing else matters t him apart frm/but his jb.
对他来说，除了工作以外，什么事都无关紧要。
I like all sprts apart frm/but ftball.
除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。
I've finished the crsswrd apart frm/except 3 acrss and 10 dwn.
这份纵横字谜除横3竖10以外我都填完了。
Apart frm/But my hst, I didn't knw a single persn there
除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。
The rm was empty apart frm ne man seated beside the fire
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
We dn't d much in the evenings except watch televisin.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
We wrk every day except/but Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
They live in a remte area, inaccessible except by car.
他们住在一处偏远地区，只能开车去
Prisners were allwed n persnal pssessins except letters and phtgraphs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except/but Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
Everyne seems busy except/but us
除了我们，大家好像都很忙碌。
I had n chice but t sign the cntract.
我别无选择，只好签了合同。
We've had nthing but truble with this car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
The prblem is anything but easy.
这个问题一点也不简单。
Except fr her illnesses, she had had a particularly happy childhd
除了体弱多病外，她的童年特别幸福。
Except fr a few grammatical mistakes, this cmpsitin f yurs is well written.
除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。
He's a gd man, except fr his shrt temper.
他是个好人，除了气粗些。
I knw nthing abut him except that he kncked abut Suth Africa fr a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the mney.
我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
These tw pens are alike except that they're different clrs.
这两支笔样儿差不多，色儿不一样。
The lg cabin stayed empty, except when we came.
除非我们到来，要不然那间小木屋一直都是空的。
I received nthing except what was due t me.
除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。
I understand everything except why he stle the mney.
我什么都明白，只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
The snw, except where it drifted, was nly calf-deep.
除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。
There are ther visitrs besides me.
参观人除我之外，还有另外的人。
Besides this, they als faced many difficulties.
除此之外,他们还面临了许多困难。
Besides all this, he had a number f little visits t pay, in the curse f the day;
除此之外，在白天当中，他还需要去看望好些地方。
【考点过关】
用apart frm, but, besides, except, except fr, except that和besides填空
1. Many f the bdies were unidentifiable _______ by dental recrds.
2. They didn't have t d anything _______ sit back and enjy life
3. Arrange all the vegetables ______ the ptates in layers.
4. Wh ______ Rsa culd think f smething like that?
5. Eurpe will be represented in all _______ tw f the seven races.
6. Yur cmpsitin is gd ______ sme spelling mistakes.
7. The quality f this clth is fine, ______ the clr is nt quite right.
8. This is a gd nvel, _______ the lng and tedius ending.
9. Mr. Smith usually ges t wrk by bus _______ it rains.
10. I knw nthing abut the accident ______ I have read in the newspaper.
11. He tld his parents everything _______ he needed s much mney.
12. The ld lady never spke t anyne ______ smene came t visit her.
13. ______ chclate and fruit juice, we als need bread and eggs.
14. Wh ______ Gerge wuld d such a thing?
15. Yu can get the bk anywhere ______ here.
16. ______ this dress, I als bught a hat and a pair f shes。
17. ______ Lndn, I’ve been t Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgw, t.
18. There is n ne ______ me.
【参考答案】
1. except; 2. except; 3. except/but; 4. but; 5. except/but; 6. except fr; 7. except that; 8. except fr; 9. except when; 10. except what; 11. except why; 12. except when; 13. Besides; 14. but; 15. but; 16. Besides; 17. Besides; 18. but