英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品随堂练习题

Unit 1 People of Achievement

Section A Reading and Thinking

学习目标

1.掌握本节单词、词组。

2.了解屠呦呦人物生平及事迹。

3.发展不同学习技能，解决不同的阅读问题。

知识运用

1. vital

词性：____________  意思：_____________

be vital to/ for 对……至关重要

It is vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的

It is vital that… ……是至关重要的 （that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+动词原形”）

It is vital that we (should) help children set correct moral values.

我们帮助孩子树立正确的道德价值观是至关重要的。

练习：It is for a journalist ____________ (keep) accurate records.

2. commit

词性：____________  意思：_____________

词性：____________  意思：_____________

commit sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证做某事

committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的

be committed to 致力于；委身于

commitment n. 承诺；投入；委托

make a commitment 做出承诺

He has committed a crime and should be sent to prison.

他犯了罪，应该被送进监狱。

练习：He has committed himself _________ the cause of education.

3. evaluate

词性：____________  意思：_____________

evaluate one's ability 评估某人的能力

evaluation n. 评估，估算

I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work.

没有看到他的工作状况，我无法评估他的工作能力。

练习：It is widely acknowledged that students should __________ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.

4. distinct

词性：____________  意思：_____________

It is distinct that… 很明显……

be distinct from…in… 在……方面与……不同 （= be different from …in…）

The two posters are distinct from each other in style.

这两张海报在风格上截然不同。

练习：There is a fine __________ (distinct) between the two words.

5. obtain

词性：____________  意思：_____________

词性：____________  意思：_____________

obtain …from/out of/ through… 从……中得到……

We obtained knowledge through books.

我们从书本中获得知识。

练习：You should___________（获得允许）from the headteacher before you leave school.

6. acknowledge

词性：____________  意思：_____________

acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事

acknowledge …as/ to be… 认为……是……

It is widely/ generally acknowledged that 普遍认为……

I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.

我对几家本地企业的资助表示感谢。

练习：_____________________(普遍认为……) getting up early is beneficial to health.

7. defeat

词性：____________  意思：_____________

词性：____________  意思：_____________

a narrow defeat 惜败

suffer a defeat 遭遇失败

be defeated by 被……打败

The last question on the paper defeated me.

试卷上最后一道题把我难住了。

练习：They ________________ (遭遇失败) in the battle.

8. apparently

词性：____________  意思：_____________

apparent adj. 显而易见的，显然的；表面上的

It is apparent/ obvious that… ……是显而易见的

He stopped, apparently lost in thought.

他停下来，显然陷入了深思。

练习：As is __________ (apparent) indicated in the table, the house prices have dropped.

9. insist

词性：____________  意思：_____________

insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事

insist that… 坚持要求……；坚持说……

（insist后接 that从句时，有两种情况：①表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。②表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用虚拟语气。）

He insisted on making a voyage after graduating from college.

他坚持大学毕业以后去航海。

练习：The man insisted __________ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.

阅读探究

1. What kind of person makes great discoveries?

2. Which is more important for making a great discovery, talent or effort?

3. After reading the text, find some descriptive words about Tu Youyou.

句型梳理

1. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.

然后，他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。

句式分析

句中 and 连接前后两个并列的动名词短语 boiling fresh wormwood和 using the liquid 作宾语，obtained from this 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 liquid.

重点语法

过去分词（短语）作定语

单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

 I was requested to carry out a plan supported by most people.

＝I was requested to carry out a plan which was supported by most people.

我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。

注意：

①有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词之后。

There is little time left. Let's hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，咱们抓紧吧。

②过去分词修饰代词时，应放在被修饰词之后。

Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him. 报纸上没什么报道使他感兴趣。

③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。试比较：

This is a used car. 这是一辆二手汽车。

The method used is very efficient. 所用的方法很有效。

误区警示

①不及物动词：只表示完成，不表示被动。

fallen leaves 落叶

the risen sun升起的太阳

② 及物动词：表示被动或完成。

deeply moved people 深受感动的人们

the broken glass 碎了的杯子

练习：He is a teacher ________ (love) by his students.

2. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, "The honour is not just mine. . . "

当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……”

句式分析

“介词upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。

upon 一……就……

Upon receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Green immediately rushed home from his office.

一接到妻子的电话说她摔了一跤，格林先生就立即从办公室赶回家了。

重点语法

upon还可换作介词on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”

On arriving at the stadium, the athletes began to work out.

一到体育场，运动员们就开始训练。

注意：

用作连词表示“一……就……”的名词词组：

the moment /the instant /the minute /the second 后接从句

练习：Upon _________ (appear) on the field, the deer was shot by the hunter.

答案

知识运用

1. to keep 2. to 3. be evaluated 4. distinction 5. obtain permission 6. It is widely/generally acknowledged that 7. suffered a defeat 8. apparently 9. on

阅读探究

1. I think if a person is careful, hardworking, patient, persistent, committed or talented, he/she is bound to make great discoveries.

2. In my opinion, effort is more important than talent for making a great discovery. It takes a long time for people to come to know things. If a person does not make efforts, he does not have the patience to carry on. Even if he is very talented, he will achieve nothing.

3. committed; patient

句型梳理

1. loved 2. appearing