高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 People of Achievement学案设计

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

每/日/金/句：Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. —William Shakespeare不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。——威廉·莎士比亚

课前预习设计

自读课文　疏通文脉大意

Read the text on Pages 8～9 carefully and then choose the best answer.

1．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the word “numerous” in Paragraph 1?

A．Very large.     B．Rather great.

C．Amounts of.     D．Splendid.

2．In which aspect did Albert Einstein make great achievements?

A．Music.     B．Medicine.

C．Physics.     D．Chemistry.

3．We can infer from the passage that  ________．

A．Einstein was a genius as well as an indifferent figure

B．Einstein did well in the entrance exam for the first time

C．Einstein used to work as a clerk in the USA

D．Einstein didn't care about his appearance or being famous

4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

A．To introduce Einstein's contributions to the world.

B.To introduce Einstein's winding life in Germany.

C.To show that Einstein is a genius in physics and maths.

D．To let the world know all about Einstein by his life and achievements.

精读课文　疏通理解障碍

[读文清障]

①numerous/'njuːmərəs/adj.众多的；许多的

②make contributions to...对……做出贡献

③theory/'θIəri/n.理论；学说

④relativity/ˌrelə'tIvəti/n.相对论；相对性

⑤formula/'fɔːmjələ/n.公式；方程式；配方

⑥not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分时，可以省略but或also，也可以把but also都省略掉。

⑦genius/'dʒiːniəs/n.(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋

⑧courageous adj.有胆量的，勇敢的

⑨figure n．人物，人士

⑩gentle/'dʒentl/adj.温柔的；文静的

⑪exceptional adj.优秀的；杰出的

⑫manage to do sth.设法做到某事

⑬patent/'peItnt；'pætnt/n.专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的

⑭passion/'pæʃn/n.酷爱；激情

⑮doctorate/'dɒktərət/n.博士学位

⑯miracle n．奇迹

⑰extraordinary/Ik'strɔːdnri；

NAmE Ik'strɔːdəneri/adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的

⑱gradually/'ɡrædʒuəli/adv.逐渐地；逐步地

⑲photoelectric/ˌfəʊtəʊI'lektrIk/adj.光电的

⑳circumstance/'sɜːkəmstəns/ n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况

㉑come to power(开始)掌权；上台

㉒academic/ˌækə'demIk/adj.学业的；学术的

㉓institution/ˌInstI'tjuːʃn/n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗

㉔consequence/'kɒnsIkwəns/n.结果；后果

as a consequence结果，因此

㉕take up a position担任；任职

㉖institute/'InstItjuːt/n.(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑

㉗slightly adv.轻微地

㉘odd-looking adj.相貌奇特的；外表怪异的

㉙moustache [especiallyUS  mustache]/mə'stɑːʃ；NAmE'mʌstæʃ/n.上唇的胡子；髭

㉚on end竖立起来

㉛peculiarity/pIˌkjuːli'ærəti/n.个性；特点；怪异的性质

㉜encounter/In'kaʊntə(r)/vt.偶然碰到；遇到　n．邂逅；遭遇

㉝be mistaken for...被误认为……；被误解为……

㉞professor/prə'fesə(r)/n.教授

㉟pass away去世(委婉说法)

㊱mourn/mɔːn/vt.&vi.哀悼；忧伤

㊲brilliant adj.杰出的；才华横溢的

[原文呈现]

THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDER-

STANDING OF THE UNIVERSE

1Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous① contributions to② the world, the most well-known being the general theory③ of relativity④ and the famous formula⑤E＝mc2. 2Einstein was not only⑥ a genius⑦； he was a courageous⑧ and kind figure⑨ loved by many people.

This gentle⑩ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional⑪ scores in maths and physics.After studying for another year, he managed⑫ to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.

After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent⑬ office. 3While working there, out of a strong passion⑭ for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate⑮ in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle⑯ year in science, he published four extraordinary⑰ physics papers. 4Following this, he gradually⑱ became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter

research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for

Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric⑲ effect.

Circumstances⑳ changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power㉑in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic㉒institutions㉓closed to him. As a consequence㉔, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position㉕as a researcher at the Institute㉖for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.

To the public, he was seen as a slightly㉗odd-looking㉘but kind and funny man. 5He had a thick moustache㉙and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end㉚as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities㉛, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered㉜people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.After many such occasions, he finally started saying, “Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for㉝Professor㉞Einstein！”

6On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away㉟, and the whole world mourned㊱the great loss of a brilliant㊲ scientist.

[课文翻译]

一个改变了我们对宇宙的理解的男人

1．阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他对世界做出了许多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。2.爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，还是一个勇敢而善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。

这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁时，他曾试图去瑞士上大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。经过又一年的学习，他通过了考试，1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。

在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局找到了一份职员的工作。3.在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文，这一年后来被称为科学史上的奇迹之年。4.此后，他逐渐成为举世闻名的新艾萨克·牛顿。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。

1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就。

对于公众来说，他看起来有点古怪，但很善良，也很有趣。5.他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，他的头发有时会像他刚遭到电击似的竖起来。虽然他是一个天才，但他有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。尽管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至还有一个关于他如何帮助一个小女孩的故事。这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开口说：“原谅我！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！”

6．1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。

自查语基　落实基本知能

Ⅰ.核心词汇

根据语境写出正确的单词

1．the general ________of relativity　　　广义相对论

2．a man of ________    一个有天赋的人

3．Swiss  ________office    瑞士专利局

4．a strong ________ for knowledge    对知识的强烈热情

5．four  ________ physics papers    四篇非凡的物理学论文

6．________ improved health    健康逐渐好转

7．the doors of  ________ institutions    学术机构的大门

8．the  ________ for Advanced Study    高级研究所

9．________ people on the street    在街上遇到行人

10．as a  ________    因此

11．a portable  ________    一台便携式设备

12．a rough ________ of the letter    这封信的草稿

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据语境写出相应的派生词

1．①________ Einstein    爱因斯坦教授

②________ skills    技能

2．①read a  ________    阅读一本小说

②a historical ________    历史小说家

3．①an honest ________    一位诚实的政客

②be fond of ________     对……政治感兴趣

4．①make a  ________ achievement    取得非凡成就

② ________ remark    个人评论

Ⅲ.重点短语

1．____________    对……做出贡献

2．____________    由于

3．____________    设法做成某事

4．____________    任……职，当……

5．____________     (开始)掌权；上台

6．____________     担任；任职

7．____________    把……错认成……

8．____________    去世

9．____________     总结；概括

Ⅳ.重点句型

1．[句型]独立主格结构

[教材]He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known  ________________________________________ and the famous formula E＝mc2.

他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。

2．[句型]状语从句的省略

[教材] ____________________， out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.

在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。

3．[句型]as though引导状语从句

[教材]He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end  ________________________________________________．

他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。

4．[句型]find＋宾语＋宾语补足语

[教材]Einstein, who was Jewish, ________________________________________to him.

爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。

5．[句型]it is/was reported that...据报道……

[教材]On 18 April 1955, ____________________ Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。

课堂提升素养

探究新知　发展语言知识

1.(教材P6)Bill Gates founded high-tech and futuristic companies.

比尔·盖茨创立了高科技和未来派的公司。

◎found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在；建设

(1)be founded on    建立……基础上

(2)found (founded; founded)    建立

find (found; found)    发现，找到

[佳句]　As is reported, it is more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.

据报道，清华大学有100多年的历史。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①After the new country  ____________ (found), Tom finally ________ (find) his family.

②Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

2．(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.

在此工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。

◎句型公式：状语从句的省略

[佳句]　While (she was) waiting at the bus stop, she encountered the famous professor.

她在车站等车时，遇到了那位著名的教授。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①I was considering this while  ________ (work) as a nurse just a few weeks ago.

②When  ________ (invite) to your Chinese friend's home, you'd better arrive on time or a little earlier.

③Therefore, I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting  ____________________________ (如果有必要)．

[写美]——微写作

④劳动的时候，我意识到炎炎烈日下在农田中劳作是多么的艰难。

____________________________________， I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.

◎passion n．酷爱；激情

(1)full of passion    充满激情

with passion    富有激情

have a passion for    对……情有独钟

(2)passionate adj.    狂热的

be passionate about...    酷爱……

[佳句]　One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.

一个人无论多大年纪都应该对生活充满激情。

[练通]——单句语法填空

⑤He has a passion  ________ Chinese literature, which dates back to his youth.

⑥Though she has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still  ________ (passion) about teaching.

[写美]——微写作

⑦他在公众面前充满激情地发表了演讲。

He delivered a speech in public ________________________．

3．(教材P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.

1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。

◎come to power(开始)掌权；上台

(1)in one's power    在某人的掌控中

beyond one's power    某人力所不能及的，超出某人能力范围的

do everything in one's power    尽力而为；竭尽全力

(2)powerful adj.    强大的；权力大的

[佳句]　Could you tell me when the new president came to power?

你能告诉我新总统是什么时候上台的吗？

[练通]——单句语法填空

①She believes that she has the power  ________ (solve)the problem.

②It's acknowledged that this kind of animals has some ________ (power) teeth.

[写美]——一句多译

据我所知，这个政党执政两年了。

③As far as I know, it is two years since the party  ____________．

④As far as I know, the party  ________________ for two years.

4．(教材P8)Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.

爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。

◎句型公式： find＋宾语＋宾语补足语

“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳：

(1)find＋宾语＋

(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)

[佳句]　Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.

甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①When Tom found himself  ________ (take) to an unknown village, he was quite frightened.

②Suddenly, Anne found herself  ________ (walk) in the direction of the railway station.

③That's why she often finds herself  ________ (help) when she meets with some challenges.

[写美]——微写作

④就在第二天早上，我发现我的母亲不舒服。

Just the next morning, I ____________________________________．

5．(教材P8)As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. 因此，他不得不逃离德国。

◎consequence n．结果；后果

(1)as a consequence　　    因此；结果

as a consequence of    由于……的缘故

(2)consequent adj.    随之发生的；作为结果的

consequently    因此；结果

[佳句]　It is known to us that the rise in global temperature will result in serious consequences.

众所周知，全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。

[练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子

① ________________________________________ (由于懒惰), he was fired by the boss of the company.

② ______________ (consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.

[写美]——词汇升级

③Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. As a result, he deserves our respect.

→Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. ____________________， he deserves our respect.

6．(教材P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院担任一份研究员的工作。

◎take up a position 担任；任职

take up　    接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间或空间)

take off　　    脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞

take over    接管；获得对……的控制或管理

take down    写下；记下；拆除

take in    吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗

take on    呈现；雇用；承担；从事

[佳句]　After graduation from college, he took up a position as a sales manager.

大学毕业后，他担任了一份销售经理的工作。

[练通]——写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思

①Smartphones not only take up our valuable time but also do great harm to our health. ________

②The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week. ________

③No matter what happens, I'm going to take up the challenge.  ________

7．(教材P9)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的笔记来写你的介绍，并总结你对这个人的感觉。

◎sum vi.总结；概括　n. 金额；款项；总数；总和

sum up    总结；概括

to sum up    总之，概括地说

a large sum of    一大笔；大量的

[佳句]　His speech summed up the present situation of economy.

他的讲话概括了当前的经济形势。

[练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子

①Many people spoke at the meeting, and finally the chairman  ________ (sum) up the discussion.

②I had to  __________________ (花费一大笔钱)getting it back.

[写美]——微写作

③总之，要想心脏健康，你必须经常运动且戒烟。

 ____________， for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.

[联想]　“总而言之”的表达：

to sum up, in conclusion, in short, in a word

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

Part 1

自读课文——疏通文脉大意

1．C　2.C　3.D　4.D

自查语基——落实基本知能

Ⅰ.

1．theory　2.genius　3.patent　4.passion　5.extraordinary　6.gradually　7.academic　8.Institute　9.encounter　

10．consequence　11.device　12.draft

Ⅱ.

1．Professor; professional

2．novel; novelist

3．politician; politics

4．remarkable; personal

Ⅲ.

1．make contributions to　2.due to　3.manage to do sth.　4.work as　5.come to power　6.take up a position　

7．mistake...for...　8.pass away　9.sum up

Ⅳ.

1．being the general theory of relativity

2．While working there

3．as though he had just received an electric shock

4．found the doors of academic institutions closed

5．it was reported that

Part 2

探究新知——发展语言知识

1．①was founded; found　②founded

2．①working　②invited　③if necessary　④While working　⑤for　⑥passionate　⑦with great passion

3．①to solve　②powerful　③came to power　④has been in power

4．①taken　②walking　③helpless　④found my mother not feeling well

5．①As a consequence of/As a result of his laziness　

②Consequently　③As a consequence

6．①占据　②继续　③接受

7．①summed　②spend a large sum of money　③To sum up