人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage优质导学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage优质导学案，共11页。学案主要包含了基本概念，关系词的种类和功能等内容，欢迎下载使用。


感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
1．句1－3中的定语从句由that引导，这是因为先行词被最高级、序数词及nly，any修饰时，或者先行词是不定代词、先行词包括人和物时，关系代词常用that。
2.第4 句用whse引导定语从句，是因为定语从句中缺少定语，whse在从句中充当此成分。
3．根据第5－7句可知，当从句中缺少状语时，由关系副词引导定语从句，缺地点状语由where引导，缺少时间状语用when引导，缺少原因状语用why引导。
限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，在讲话时不需停顿，书写时不用逗号，通常由关系代词that，which，wh，whm，whse，as和关系副词when，where，why引导。
一、基本概念
1．先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫作先行词。如下列句中加黑部分就是先行词。
She has fund the necklace that she lst tw weeks ag.她找到了她那条丢失两周的项链。
As a general rule，the mst successful man in life is the man wh has the best infrmatin.一般说来，生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。
D yu remember the day when we arrived here? 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天？
2．关系词：用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。它包括关系代词(that，which，wh，whm，whse，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。关系词在从句中一定要担任成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
We’re ging t d smething that has never been dne befre.(作主语)
He is a man whm we shuld all learn frm.(作宾语)
He lives in a huse whse windw faces suth.(作定语)
He is n lnger the persn that he used t be.(作表语)
At the time when I saw him，he was well.(作时间状语)
They still live in the same huse where they lived ten years ag.(作地点状语)
That is the reasn why I am nt in favr f revising the plan.(作原因状语)
[温馨提示]
(1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。如：There are sme films (that) I’d like t see.
(2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分，所以关系词所代指的先行词在从句中不要再出现。下面的句子都有错误：
Mrs Smith whm yu met her yesterday is a friend f mine.(去掉her)
Guilin is a city which it has a histry f 2,000 years.(去掉it)
This is the place where my mther was brn there.(去掉there)
There are mments when I frgt all abut it then.(去掉then)
二、关系词的种类和功能
1.that用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，可作主语、宾语或表语。
Is he the man that sells eggs？他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(作主语，指人)
Water that is impure ften causes serius illness.水不清洁常会引起重病。(作主语，指物)
2．which用作关系代词时一般指物，可作主语、宾语。
She was nt n the train which arrived just nw.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(作主语)
This is the bk which yu wanted.这就是你想要的那本书。(作宾语)
3．wh只指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。
A dctr is a persn wh lks after peple’s health.医生是关照人们健康的人。(作主语)
The man wh I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(作宾语)
4．whm用作关系词，只指人，在从句中一般作宾语。
The gentleman whm she encuntered addressed her with curtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(作宾语)
5．whse在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。
Yu’re the nly ne whse advice he might listen t.只有你的话他可能会听。(指人)
I’d like a rm whse windw lks ut ver the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(指物)
6．when的先行词须是表时间的词，在从句中作时间状语。
July and August are the mnths when the weather is ht.七八月是天气很热的月份。
7．where的先行词须是表地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。
She’s ging hme where she can rest.她要回家休息了。
[温馨提示]
关系副词where的先行词也可是有地点含义的抽象名词(如pint，case，situatin，cnditin等)。
He has reached the pint where a change is needed.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。(pint在此是抽象名词)
8．why的先行词只有reasn，在从句中作原因状语。
D yu knw the reasn why I left early?
你知道我为什么早走吗？
三、that和which引导定语从句的区别
1．which可引导非限制性定语从句，that不可以。
He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.
他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。
2．which之前可有介词，that之前不能有介词。
This is the huse in which Lu Xun used t live.
这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。
3．当先行词是all，everything，nthing，smething，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时，常用that。
That is all that I want t say.那就是我想说的一切。
There is nthing that can prevent him frm ding it.
没有什么能阻止他这样做。
4．先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用that。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
5．先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，多用that。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
6．先行词被the very，the nly，the just等修饰时，多用that。
This is the very dictinary that I want t buy.
这正是我想买的字典。
Mr Smith is the nly freigner that he knws.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
7．先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that。
The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had t be transferred t anther plane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。
[温馨提示]
1．way作先行词，若从句中缺少状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。
I dn’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks t his parents.我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。
2．关系副词可由“介词＋关系代词”代替。
I will remember the day when/n which I wrked there.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。
My favrite city is Beijing where/in which I can visit the Great Wall.
我最喜欢的城市是北京，在那里我可以参观长城。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．They were well trained by their masters wh/that had great experience with caring fr these animals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
2．In the cafe，custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment that/which is created fr them.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
3．The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse wh are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life，taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces(资源)．(2019·北京)
4．Their child is at the stage where she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.(2019·天津)
5．On the edge f the jacket，there is a piece f clth that/which gives ff light in the dark.
(2019·浙江)
6．(1)This is the factry that/which I visited last year.
(2)This is the factry where I wrked last year.
7．(1)The reasn that/which he gave is unbelievable.
(2)The reasn why I went was that I wanted t meet yur friends.
8．(1)I dn’t like the way that/in which she deals with the prpsal.
(2)I dn’t like the way that/which yu taught me.
9．(1)I wn’t frget the day when/n which I tk part in the sprts meeting.
(2)I wn’t frget the day that/which I spent with yu n the farm.
10．(1)There was ne pint that/which we must insist n.
(2)After graduatin she reached a pint in her career where she needed t decide what t d.
Ⅱ.用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来
11．This is the bus.It ges t the university.
This is the bus that/which ges t the university.
12．D yu remember the place? We all used t meet there.
D yu remember the place where we all used t meet?
13．There are a number f prtests.We are cnsidering them.
There are a number f prtests that/which we are cnsidering.
14．We tk in a dg.It had been abandned by its frmer wner.
We tk in a dg that/which had been abandned by its frmer wner.
15．In the crridr there was a ntice bard.Several students were lking at it.
In the crridr there was a ntice bard that/which several students were lking at.
16．She is an artist.I am quite familiar with her wrks.
She is an artist whse wrks I am quite familiar with.
17．An inventr gave us the telephne.He was a Sct.
The inventr wh/that gave us the telephne was a Sct.
18．A plane crashed int the sea.It may have been a terrrist target.
A plane that/which crashed int the sea may have been a terrrist target.
19．A scientist discvered the neutrn.He was James Chadwick.
The scientist wh/that discvered the neutrn was James Chadwick.
20．Yu were playing sme music，and it sunded very familiar.
The music that/which yu were playing sunded very familiar.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We have entered int an age when dreams have the best chance f cming true.(2019·江苏)
2．The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram that/which gives specific fertilizer.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3．Many westerners wh/that cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.(2018·浙江)
4．Self-driving is an area where China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
(2018·江苏)
5．Wh is the persn that is talking abut the accident that/which happened n Highway 104?
6．The girl that/wh/whm we met in the dam is a film star，wh played the leading rle in the film that/which we saw yesterday.
7．I see n reasn why this issue cannt be discussed right nw.
8．The man and the hrse that fell int the river were drwned.
9．The building whse windws are bright at night is ur schl building.
10．The department that/which I visited last year was nt the ne where I nce wrked.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．Can yu prvide the clue fr me that/which yu talked abut the ther day?
你能把前几天提到的那个线索提供给我吗？
12．I still remember the sitting-rm where my mther and I used t sit in the evening.
我仍然记得那个客厅，我和妈妈晚上常坐在那里。
13．His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne whse family was pr.
父母不让他娶任何家庭贫困的人为妻。
14．D yu still remember ne evening a week ag when I came t yur rm and brrwed a diamnd necklace?
你还记得一周前的一个晚上吗？我来你房间借了一条钻石项链。
15．The secnd bk that I want t read is Red Star Over China.
我想读的第二本书是《红星照耀中国》。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
The Plish take great pride in their culture.Our culture has many different custms and traditins.I will discuss three f these traditins and custms.
The Plish will say “Dziekuje” (“thank yu”) nly after receiving their change.What I mean by this is that when yu are in Pland，yu shuld wait t say “thank yu” until after yu have been given yur change back.If yu d nt，yu are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can “keep the change”．Often，peple visiting Pland will feel that things are very expensive，until they learn that they are giving the stre clerk permissin t keep the mney that wuld have been given back.
Plish peple break “bread” with their families during their Christmas Eve meal.The Christmas Eve celebratin starts with the breaking f the Oplatek，which is a thin piece f “bread”．In my family，the eldest in the family (my grandfather) takes the big Oplatek and breaks it int large pieces that he then hands dwn t each f his fur children (my aunt，uncles，and father)．Then，these family members break their pieces int smaller sizes and pass them ut t their wn children.Once the last piece is passed dwn t the yungest，we say a prayer(祷告) and eat the piece f thin bread.
Plish peple celebrate “Imieniny”， r Name’s Day.This day is mre imprtant than ne’s birthday.They ften name their children after a saint(圣徒) whse day is clsest t the date that they were brn n.Then their saint’s day that they were named after becmes their “new” birthday.On Name’s Day，families and friends gather tgether and enjy a variety f fd，drinking，and dancing.
As yu can see，Pland has a few very unique(独特的) traditins and custms.I hnr my Plish culture and will pass it n t my wn children because it is imprtant t knw ne’s wn culture.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者是波兰人，他讲述了波兰的三种传统习俗。)
16．In Pland，if yu say “Dziekuje” befre getting yur change， .
A．the stre clerk will keep it
B．the prduct will be changed
C．the stre clerk will check the mney
D．the prduct will be returned t the stre
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句和第三句“If yu d nt，yu are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can ‘keep the change’．”可知，在波兰，如果你在收银员给你找钱之前说Dziekuje，就等于让收银员留下零钱。
17．On Christmas Eve，the authr will receive “bread” frm .
A．his grandfather B．his uncle
C．his aunt D．his father
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Then，these family members break their pieces int smaller sizes and pass them ut t their wn children.”可知，在圣诞节前夜作者会得到他父亲切的面包。
18．A Plish persn’s Imieniny is .
A．a day t visit families and friends
B．mre imprtant than Name’s Day
C．near t his r her birthday
D．a day t hnr a saint
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They ften name their children after a saint(圣徒) whse day is clsest t the date that they were brn n.Then their saint’s day that they were named after becmes their ‘new’ birthday.”可知，在波兰，孩子经常以某位圣徒的名字命名，哪位圣徒的纪念日与孩子的生日最接近，人们就选哪位圣徒命名。故选C项。
19．What des the authr think f Plish traditins and custms?
A．He feels prud f them.
B．He shws n interest in them.
C．He is wrried abut them.
D．He cnsiders them very funny.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“I hnr my Plish culture and will pass it n t my wn children...”可知，作者以自己国家的传统习俗为荣。
B
(2019·河南周口中英文学校高一下期末)
Almst all cultures celebrate the end f ne year and the beginning f anther in sme way.Different cultures celebrate the beginning f a new year in different ways，and at different times n the calendar.
In Western cuntries，peple usually celebrate New Year at midnight n December 31st r January 1st.Peple may g t parties，smetimes dressed in frmal clthes，and they may drink champagne(香槟)at midnight.During the first minutes f the new year，peple cheer and wish each ther happiness fr the year ahead.But sme cultures prefer t celebrate the new year by waking up early t watch the sunrise.They welcme the new year with the first light f the sunrise.
Many cultures als d special things t get rid f bad luck at the beginning f a new year.Fr example，in Ecuadr，families make a big dll frm ld clthes.The dll is filled with ld newspapers and firecrackers.At midnight，these dlls are burned t shw the bad things frm the past year are gne and the new year can start afresh(重新)．
Other cmmn traditins t keep away bad luck in a new year include thrwing things int rivers r the cean，r saying special things n the first day f the new year.
Other New Year traditins are fllwed t bring gd luck in the new year.One widespread Spanish traditin fr gd luck is t eat grapes n New Year’s Day.The mre grapes a persn eats，the mre gd luck the persn will have in the new year.In France，peple eat pancakes fr gd luck at New Year.In the United States，sme peple eat black-eyed peas fr gd luck—but t get gd luck fr a whle year yu have t eat 365 f them!
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地几种不同的庆祝新年的传统。)
20．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the text?
A．Several Different New Year Traditins
B．The Meaning f “Happy New Year！”
C．What t Eat n New Year’s Day
D．Why Peple Dress Up Nicely n New Year’s Day
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Different cultures celebrate the beginning f a new year in different ways”可知，不同的文化以不同的方式庆祝新年，下文就介绍了几种不同的庆祝新年的传统，故A项正确。
21．What d yu knw frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Different cultures celebrate the beginning and ending f a year in the same way.
B．The Western peple celebrate the New Year nly by watching the sunrise.
C．Peple arund the wrld celebrate the New Year at different times.
D．Peple hld parties，wear new clthes and drink champagne fr a whle day.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Different cultures celebrate the beginning f a new year in different ways，and at different times n the calendar.”及第二段的举例可知，世界各地庆祝新年的时间不同，故C项正确。
22．In sme cultures，why d peple thrw things int rivers r ceans?
A．T bring gd luck.
B．T frget everything.
C．T avid bad luck.
D．T plan fr the next year.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Other cmmn traditins t keep away bad luck in a new year include thrwing things int rivers r the cean”可知，新年那天，人们往河里或海里扔东西是为了赶走霉运，故C项正确。
23．Which f the fllwing is TRUE if peple want t escape bad luck and wish fr gd luck?
A．Families make big dlls filled with ld clthes.
B．Friends tell smething special t each ther.
C．Sme peple get up early t watch the sunrise.
D．Eurpeans eat 365 grapes n New Year’s Day.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“r saying special things n the first day f the new year”可知，如果想要在新的一年里避开霉运，行好运，新年那天，朋友间要彼此讲一些特别的事情，故B项正确。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2019·四川棠湖中学高一下期中)
Hw t Help Children Learn frm Their Mistakes
Everyne makes mistakes. 24 As parents，it’s ur duty t help ur children learn frm their mistakes.Turning a mistake int a learning experience will help yur child grw and mature.Here are sme tips fr helping children learn frm their mistakes.
Explain exactly what the mistake is.It’s imprtant t make yur child accept the fact that he made a mistake.Talk with yur child and help him exactly understand what he did is nt right. 25 Never imagine he knws；always talk ver the prblem clearly and thrughly.
Ask yur child t make an aplgy if his mistakes hurt thers.This step takes a mistake that is cnnected with anther persn even further. 26 By making yur child g t see and talk with the persn wh was hurt，he will mre fully understand the results f the mistake and learn frm that bad experience.
Offer suggestins in different ways t lead yur child t avid making the same mistakes again.Yu can chse t share yur persnal examples if yu had the same prblem befre. 27 He may nt want t d exactly the same thing，but it will get him t start in the right directin.
28 Having yur child try t wrk thrugh the prblem and knw hw t deal with it n his wn will help develp his reasning skills，which is gd fr his self-develpment.In this way，he will knw what he shuld d if a similar situatin appears in the future.
A．Tell yur child hw yu deal with the prblem.
B．Children need t learn the results f their mistakes.
C．Praise him if he fully understands the mistake he made.
D．Nw it’s time t help him prperly crrect mistakes.
E．Encurage yur child t find a way t deal with the prblem alne.
F．Learning frm mistakes is what makes us becme better peple.
G．Smetimes a child fails t knw why the things he did are wrng.
24．答案 F
解析 根据后文“’s ur duty t help ur children learn frm their mistakes.Turning a mistake int a learning experience will help yur child grw and mature.”可知，F项(从错误中学习使我们成为更好的人)符合语境。故选F。
25．答案 G
解析 根据后文“Never imagine he knws; always talk ver the prblem clearly and thrughly.”可知，G项(有时一个孩子不知道为什么他做的事情是错误的)符合语境。故选G。
26．答案 B
解析 根据后文“ will mre fully understand the results f the mistake and learn frm that bad experience.”可知，B项(孩子们需要了解他们错误的后果)符合语境。故选B。
27．答案 A
解析 根据前文“Yu can chse t share yur persnal examples if yu had the same prblem befre.”及后文中的“He may nt want t d exactly the same thing”可知，A项(告诉你的孩子你是如何解决这个问题的)符合语境。故选A。
28．答案 E
解析 根据后文“Having yur child try t wrk thrugh the prblem and knw hw t deal with it n his wn will help develp his reasning skills...”可知，E项(鼓励你的孩子自己找到解决问题的方法)符合语境。故选E。1．This is the best TV set that is made in China.
2．Please just tell me anything that yu knw abut the authr f the bk.
3．The by and his dg that were believed t be lst in the wd were rescued this mrning.
4．Jhn is the by whse legs were badly injured in the accident.
5．This is a place where children can play withut danger.
6．We all lk frward t the day when a simple medical test can find cancer while it is still small.
7．The reasn why she was late fr the exam was that she gt stuck in a traffic jam.
种 类
功能(在从句中所担任的成分)
关系代词
that
主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)
which
主语、宾语(代替物)
wh
主语、宾语(代替人)
whm
宾语(代替人)
whse
定语(代替人或物)
as
主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)
关系副词
when
时间状语(代替表时间的先行词)
where
地点状语(代替表地点的先行词)
why
原因状语(先行词是reasn)
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