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    阅读Extended reading中的材料选出最佳选项

    1Which of the following options introduces the most idioms?

    AFootball.   BBaseball.

    CBoxing. DBoth A and B.

    2What does author NOT suggest we do when we are thrown a curveball?

    ADon't move the goalpostswork hard and don't hit below the belt.

    BDon't move the goalpostswork hard and don't score an own goal.

    CDon't throw in the toweldon't hit below the belt and don't score an own goal.

    DDon't throw in the towelwork hard and don't score an own goal.

    3What can't be learned about from the passage?

    AIdioms exist in every language in the world.

    BFootball is not all called the same all over the world.

    CSports idioms in this passage are all negative.

    DHitting the opponent above the waist is in line with the rules in boxing.

    4In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

    AEntertainment. BCulture.

    CEducation. DScience.

    [答案] 14 BDCB

    Words and Phrases

     limit n. 限度限制;限额限量;界限 vt. 限制限定;限量减量

    [教材原句P20]I ran my race relaxed and confidenteven though my limits were being tested like never before.

    我从容自信地跑完了比赛尽管我从未如此挑战过自己的极限。

    [] A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.

    成立了一个委员会来限制对埃及建筑的破坏防止文物的丢失。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)limit...to...      ……限定在……范围内

    (2)set a limit to...   限定范围在……

    there is a/no limit to...   ……是有限制的/没有限制的

    within the limit of   ……范围内

    (3)limited adj.   有限的

    be limited to...   受限于……

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子

    Having realized that your time is limited (limit)you will have to study for your goals without anger and hesitation.

    There is no limit to the age of participants in the club.

    文章的长度大约限制在400字。

    The article should be limited to 400 words or so.

    [小片段填空]

    The natural resources we have are limitedTherefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit(limit)

     find one's way into偶然来到无意中处于

    [教材原句P25]Since sport is an inseparable part of day­to­day lifethere are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language.

    由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分有很多体育习语已经融入到日常语言中。

    [] He eventually found his way into acting.

    他弄到最后竟干起了演艺这一行。

    [归纳拓展]

    make one's way    前往;成功

    fight one's way   奋力前进

    lose one's way   迷路

    feel one's way   摸索前进谨慎行事

    push one's way   挤着前进挤过去

    wind one's way   蜿蜒前进

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句

    He felt (feel)his way across the room when the lights went out.

    The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.

    只要你努力工作你的人生就会成功。

    So long as you work hardyou can make your way in life.

    [小片段助记]

    Having felt his way through the foresthe lost his way back homeonly to find a river winding its way down the hill.

     opposing adj. 对抗的;相反的

    [教材原句P25]As you knowin a football matchplayers try to kick or head the ball into the opposing team's goalwhich is the net between two big goalposts fixed to the ground.

    如你所知,在足球比赛中,球员试图将球踢进或用头将球顶进对方的球门,球门是固定在地面上的两个大门柱之间的一张网。

    [] The two opposing armies faced each other across the battlefield.

    敌对两军在战场上严阵对峙。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)oppose vt.      反对;抵制;阻挠

    oppose (doing)sth.   反对()某事

    (2)opposed adj.   反对的;对立的

    be opposed to (one's)doing sth.

       反对(某人)做某事

    (3)opposite n.     相反的人或事物

            adj.   相反的;对立的

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换

    Many old men oppose cutting (cut)down the 100­year­old tree for rebuilding a shopping center.

    We are strongly opposed (oppose)to racial prejudice.

    She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.

    I am against going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.

    I oppose going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(oppose)

    I am opposed to going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(opposed)

     [教材原句P25] An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales targetonly for the company to make the target highercould rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts.

    一个即将达到他的年度销售目标的保险推销员如果公司这时把销售目标提高那么他就有理由抱怨公司改变了规则。

    (1)be about to do sth.正要做某事;即将做某事

    [] This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.

    这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)be about to后接动词原形意为正要做某事;即将做某事习惯上不与具体的时间状语连用。可用于be about to do sth.when...句型中意为正要……这时……”

    (2)be going to do打算、准备做还可表示根据某种迹象判断要发生的事

    (3)be to do按计划/安排要发生的事

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子

    When I was about to leave (leave)the phone rang.

    She was about to watch TV when the electricity was cut off.

    It's reported that the Queen is to visit(visit) Beijing next year.

    不要出去了;我们马上就要吃午饭了。

    Don't go out now; we are about to have lunch.

    (2)complain vi.& vt. 抱怨投诉

    [] Nowadayspeople in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.

    当今许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)complain that...     抱怨……

    complain (to sb.)about/of sth.  (向某人)抱怨某事

    complain against/about sth.   抱怨/投诉某事

    (2)complaint n.   抱怨投诉

    make a complaint against/about

       投诉……

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子

    She often complains about/of not feeling appreciated at work.

    The police received several complaints (complain)about the noise from our party.

    Mrs.Jones complained to the doctor that her back always hurts her.

    她抱怨说没人到机场去接她。

    She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her.

    [小片段填空]

    A number of complaints about the standard of service on Britain's railways are received and many people are complaining about it.(complain)

     unintentionally adv. 无意地非故意地

    [教材原句P25]If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own intereststhey are said to have scored an own goal.

    如果一个人犯了严重的错误无意中损害了他自己的利益我们就说他进了乌龙球。

    [] They had unintentionally provided wrong information.

    他们无意中提供了错误的信息。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)intentionally adv.    有意地故意地

    (2)intentional adj.   有意的故意的存心的

    (3)intention n.   意图目的

    with an/the intention of   抱有……的目的;打算……

    (4)intend vi.& vt.   打算;计划;想要

    intend doing/to do sth.   打算做某事

    intend sb.to do sth.   打算让某人做某事

    (5)intended adj.   打算的;计划的

    be intended to do sth./for sth.

       专门为……;专门给……

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子

    I intend to take/taking (take)full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.

    He intends his son to manage (manage)the company.

    He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa.

    She would never intentionally (intentional)hurt anyone.

    据说正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童设立的。

    The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children

    [小片段填空]

    The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortunewhile the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.Todaythey met and the rich man intentionally showed off his success.(intend)

     handle vt. 处理应付;控制操纵 n. 把手拉手

    [教材原句P26]Curveballs are balls that suddenly turn in the airand these are of course difficult for the other team to handle.

    曲线球是指在空中突然转向的球这些球对另一队来说当然很难处理。

    [] Accordinglyhe had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.

    因此他把水泵的手柄拆除了这样水泵就不能用了。

    [归纳拓展]

    the handle of a knife   刀柄

    turn the handle   转动把手

    get a handle on sth.   开始掌握(了解)某事

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空

    They have the confidence and ability to handle (handle)the important matter well.

    The salesgirl is very good at handling (handle)difficult customerswhich pleases the manager very much.

    写出下列句中handle的词性及含义

    Slowly he stooped (弯腰)downgrasped the handles on both sides of the boxand gathered all his strength to lift it.                            n. 把手

    But when he finally reached herthe woman flooded him with questions: Who are you? What antique shop Howeverwhen she hung upshe regretted the way she had handled the call.                            vt. 处理

    I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car. vt. 控制操纵

     remark n谈论言论 vi.& vt. 说起评论

    [教材原句P26]In day­to­day lifeif someone makes an unfair and cruel remarkwe can describe it as below the belt

    在日常生活中如果有人说了不公平和刻毒伤人的话我们可以用“below the belt”来形容。

    [] His remark not only broke the icebut aroused everyone's interest.

    他的话不仅打破了僵局而且引起了大家的兴趣。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)make a remark/remarks on/upon

           ……发表评论/看法

    remark on/upon   谈论/评论……

    (2)remarkable adj.   非凡的;显著的

    be remarkable for be known/famous for

       ……著名

    (3)remarkably adv.   不寻常地惊人地

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子

    Remarkably (remarkable)all of the passengers survived the crash.

    Mount Wuyi is remarkable (remark)for its wide range of living things.

    It's rude to remark on/upon the appearance of others.

    这个女孩总是对别人的衣着发表看法。

    The girl always makes a remark on/upon what others wear.

    [小片段填空]

    The scientist remarked that he had found a remarkable waybut others made no remarks about it.(remark)

    Sentence Patterns

     even if引导让步状语从句

    [教材原句P26]Soeven if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the gamewe can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark.

    所以即使我们不知道球在比赛中的确切位置我们也可以假设它在球场的某个地方。

    句式分析:even if相当于even though意为即使;尽管引导让步状语从句。

    [] My grandfather still plays tennis now and theneven though/if he's in his nineties.

    即使九十多岁了我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。

    [归纳拓展]

    引导让步状语从句的连词小结:

    (1)althoughthoughaseven thougheven if等引导让步状语从句意思是尽管虽然

    (2)while引导让步状语从句意思是尽管;虽然

    (3)whether...or...引导让步状语从句意思是不管/无论……

    (4)whateverwhoeverhoweverwheneverwherever等引导让步状语从句意思是不管/无论什么//怎样……”

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子

    Even if/though we achieve great success in our workwe should not be proud.

    Whether we help him or nothe will fail.

    Whatever happensthe first important thing is to keep calm.

    即使失败十次我也不灰心。

    I'll never lose heart even if/though I should fail ten times

     too...to...……而不能……

    [教材原句P26]When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her ownthe coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.

    一名拳击手输得很惨,因为太累或头脑太混乱以至于自己不能放弃时,教练就会往拳击台上扔一条毛巾来结束比赛。

    句式分析:该句含有too...to...”结构意思是……而不能……”

    [] Sometimes I'm too busy to go online.

    有时我太忙了不能上网。

    [归纳拓展]

    (1)too...to...notnever连用时意为无论……也不过分……越好

    (2)too ready/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...表示肯定意为过于太会……”

    (3)only/just/but too...to...意为非常……去做(too前的onlyjustbut不仅没有否定意义反而加重了too的肯定语气)

    (4)too...not to...表示肯定意为非常……必定能;太不会不……”

    [即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换

    To be honesthe is too stubborn for you to persuade (persuade) him to go with us.

    I was too weak to go (go)to school so my education suffered.

    The little boy is so young that he can't dress himself.

    The little boy is too young to dress himself.

    写作意图题技巧策略

    [方法技巧]

    通常可依据文体特点来推断作者的写作意图:

    1记叙文:通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言且往往有一定的哲理性所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。

    2应用文:文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍,使用具有明显倾向性的语言。

    3说明文:其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握故应找准主题句。

    4议论文:一般开头提出某论点中间进行论证最后得出结论写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。

    [例文]

    (2020·新课标全国卷·C )In the mid­1990sTom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven monthsphysically broken and having lost his mind.A few years laterstill attracted to the countryhe returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.

    His visithoweverended up involving a lot more than thatHence this bookChasing the SeaLost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asiawhich talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstanwhere millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange landand of the people he meets on his way: Rustamhis translatora lovely 24­year­old who picked up his colorful English in CaliforniaOleg and Natashahis hosts in Tashkentand a string of foreign aid workers.

    This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistanmade of friendliness and warmthbut also its darker side of society.In SamarkandMr Bissell admires the architectural wonderswhile on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghanahe attends a mountain funeral (葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstanhe is saddened by the dust stormsdiseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.

    Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural referencesmaking his tale a well­rounded picture of Uzbekistanseen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly Americanas well as his delicate stomach.As the author explainsthis is neither a travel nor a history bookor even a piece of reportage.Whatever it isthe result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.

    What is the purpose of this text?

    ATo introduce a book.

    BTo explain a cultural phenomenon.

    CTo remember a writer.

    DTo recommend a travel destination.

    [破题关键点] 

    第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词

    the purpose of this text

    第二步 迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络

    文章开头引出汤姆·比塞尔写书的背景从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。

    第三步 比对选项确定答案

    全文围绕着这本书展开目的就是向读者推荐这本书。

    [答案] A

    [即学即练] 

    (2020· 天津高考·D)

    After years of observing human natureI have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performancecuriosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.

    Togetherthese deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileoall the great names in history were curious and asked in discontentWhyWhyWhy

    Fortunatelycuriosity and discontent don't have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.

    The great man said Mencius(孟子)is he who does not lose his child's heart.Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little cornerto avoid foolish leaps into the darkto be satisfied.

    Most of us meet new peopleand new ideaswith hesitation.But once having met and liked themwe think how terrible it would have beenhad we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.

    How should you start? Modestlyso as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.How she is one of the expertswriting books on flower arrangement.

    One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses.You haven't any time? That's goodbecause it's always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowemother of sixwrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking.You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first noveland that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.

    However you startremember there is no better time to start than right nowfor you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.

    51In writing Paragraph 1the author aims to       

    Apropose a definition

    Bmake a comparison

    Creach a conclusion

    Dpresent an argument

    D [写作意图题。本题询问作者写作第一段的意图。由题干定位第一段;通读第一段可知作者抛出人的好奇心和不满足造成了有成就的人和平庸的人之间的差异的观点。再纵观全文可知后文中作者列举多个论据来论证这一观点。即作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D]

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