开学摸底卷 （湖南衡阳专用）2026-2027学年 人教版 八年级英语上册含听力音频含答案

这是一份开学摸底卷 （湖南衡阳专用）2026-2027学年 人教版 八年级英语上册含听力音频含答案，共8页。
I. 听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。（共5小题，计5分）
1．Wh is mre utging?
A．Paul’s brther.B．Paul.C．Paul’s sister.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Are yu as utging as yur brther, Paul?
M: N, I’m much quieter than him.
2．Why des Li Mei feel bred staying at hme?
A．She has nthing t d.B．The TV is brken.C．N ne visits her.
【答案】A
【原文】A: Hw d yu feel abut staying at hme fr the hliday, Li Mei?
B: I feel really bred because there isn’t anything fun fr me t d all day.
A: Yu can try reading sme interesting bks.
3．Hw lng des the by need t ck the ptates?
A．Abut 10 minutes.B．Abut 20 minutes.C．Abut 30 minutes.
【答案】C
【原文】A: Hw lng d I need t ck the ptates, mm?
B: Abut thirty minutes.
4．What will they d tday?
A．G climbing.B．G hiking.C．G camping.
【答案】C
【原文】W: What’s a sunny day, why nt g camping tday?
M: That’s a gd idea, let’s prepare smething fr it.
5．Where did the by g n vacatin?
A．T the beach.B．T the muntains.C．T the cuntryside.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Where did yu g n yur summer vacatin, Jack?
M: I went t the cuntryside t visit my grandparents.
Q: Where did the by g n vacatin?
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请听对话，完成小题。
6．What des the by think f the new member f the basketball team?
A．Careless.B．Unfriendly.C．Hard-wrking.
7．Wh will the by prbably ask fr help if he can’t slve his prblem?
A．His mther.B．His friend.C．His cach.
【答案】6．B 7．C
【原文】W: Tm, hw is the new member f yur basketball team?
M: Well, I think he is a little unfriendly.
W: That’s a pity! What’s the prblem?
M: He ften laughs at me when I make small mistakes during practice. That makes me upset.
W: Why dn’t yu talk t him?
M: I’ve tried, but it didn’t wrk.
W: I suggest yu shuld have anther heart-t-heart talk with him. If it still desn’t wrk, yu can ask yur cach fr help.
M: All right, Mm.
听对话，回答小题。
8．Hw did Dave say srry t Jim?
A．By phne.B．By letter.C．By e-mail.
9．Where will Jim g tmrrw afternn?
A．T the art club.B．T the music club.C．T the sprts club.
【答案】8．A 9．B
【原文】M: Mm, can I g t Dave’s huse after supper?
W: But yu tld me yu had a fight with him.
M: He called me and said srry.
W: OK, Jim. But dn’t stay there t lng. Yu have lts f things t d tmrrw.
M: I knw. I’m ging t the sprts club tmrrw mrning.
W: Yes, and yu need t g t the music club at 2:30 tmrrw afternn.
M: Yeah.
听对话，回答各题。
10．Where did Tm g n vacatin?
A．Beijing.B．Shanghai.C．Hng Kng.
11．What did Tm buy fr his friend?
A．A bk.B．A mdel plane.C．A stamp.
【答案】10．B 11．B
【原文】W: Hi, Tm. Yu weren’t at schl last week. Where did yu g?
M: I went t Shanghai n vacatin.
W: That’s a big city! Did yu buy anything special?
M: Yes, I bught a cl mdel plane fr my best friend.
听对话，回答小题。
12．When is the by’s father’s birthday?
A．Tday.B．Tmrrw.C．Yesterday.
13．What des the by want t d?
A．Buy a scarf fr his father.B．Make a cake fr his father.C．Order a cake fr his father.
14．What size des the by want?
A．A large ne.B．A small ne.C．A medium ne.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．A
【原文】W: Can I help yu?
M: Yes, please. Tmrrw is my father’s birthday. I want t rder a birthday cake fr my father.
W: What size wuld yu like?
M: A large cake, please.
W: What wuld yu like t write n it?
M: Please write “Happy Birthday t Father”.
听对话，回答三个小题。
15．What’s wrng with Jack?
A．He has a cld.B．He is sad.C．He is tired.
16．What is the relatinship between Jack and Alice?
A．Friends.B．Brther and sister.C．Teacher and student.
17．What did Jack and Alice talk abut?
A．Alice’s friends.B．Jack’s hbby.C．Alice’s life in China.
【答案】15．C 16．A 17．C
【原文】W: Jack, why are yu s tired?
M: Oh, I stayed up t late last night.
W: What did yu d?
M: I chatted with my friend, Alice, n the internet.
W: What did yu talk abut?
M: She tld me many interesting things abut her life in China.
W: Sunds gd. But I think yu shuld g t bed early tday.
M: OK. Thanks.
请听材料，回答小题。
18．Where will Janet live?
A．In Beijing.B．In Shanghai.C．In Tianjin.
19．Wh will clean the huse fr Janet?
A．Her mther.B．Her friend.C．Her rbt.
20．What are they talking abut?
A．Life in the future.B．Huses in the future.C．Jbs in the future.
【答案】18．A 19．C 20．A
【原文】M: Janet! What d yu think yur life will be like in ten years?
W: Well, I’m tall and strng enugh t play basketball very well, s I will be a basketball player and play it in New Yrk.
M: Ww! Will yu have a huse? Where will yu live?
W: Yes, I’ll live in a big huse in Beijing. And I’ll have a rbt t clean it every day. What abut yu, Jhn?
M: I’m ging t be a teacher. I’ll live in Califrnia. I’ll help children with cmputer science. I wn’t have a car, because n ne will have a car. Peple will g t wrk by plane, and I’ll have ne plane, t.
II. 阅读（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分）
A
An exchange trip is a great chance, but gd preparatin is very imprtant. Gd preparatin can make yur trip smth and successful.
First, learn a basic freign language. Yu need t master daily sentences fr cmmunicatin, such as greetings, asking fr help and talking abut daily life. It helps yu cmmunicate with lcal peple easily.
Secnd, learn abut lcal culture and custms. Different cuntries have different rules and habits. Knwing them can help yu avid mistakes and shw gd manners.
Third, prepare daily things and keep a psitive attitude. Yu may meet difficulties in a new envirnment. Dn’t be afraid. Be brave t face new challenges and try yur best t adapt t a new life.
Gd preparatin is the key t a wnderful exchange trip.
21．Why d we need t learn a basic freign language?
A．T pass exams easily.B．T cmmunicate smthly.
C．T travel alne.D．T make perfect speeches.
22．What is the benefit f learning lcal custms?
A．Avid making mistakes.B．Learn new subjects.
C．Change ur habits.D．Make mre mney.
23．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Ways t Prepare fr Exchange TripsB．The Culture f Freign Cuntries
C．The Challenges f Freign LifeD．Hw t Learn Freign Languages
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了为海外交换旅行做准备的相关方法。
【详解】21．第二段指出“It helps yu cmmunicate with lcal peple easily.”，学习基础外语能够帮助你和当地人顺畅交流。
22．第三段指出“Knwing them can help yu avid mistakes and shw gd manners.”，了解当地风俗的好处是可以避免犯错。
23．通读全文，介绍了为交换旅行做准备的几种方法，标题可为“Ways t Prepare fr Exchange Trips”。
B
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Mncakes are a kind f special fd fr the Mid-Autumn Festival. They are in the shape f a full mn because peple hpe all their family can get tgether all the time.
When I was a child, my family always gt tgether in my grandparents’ hme at the Mid-Autumn Festival. We sat arund a big rund table and made mncakes by hand tgether. We fllwed my grandma’s ways f making mncakes. And my grandpa tld interesting stries t us. Everyne was tired but with a happy face.
As I grew lder, my family and I mved t different cities. We were busy wrking and learning, s we seldm sat tgether and talked with each ther. And it was different at the Mid-Autumn Festival. There were different kinds f beautiful and delicius mncakes in the shps. Hwever, my grandma still asked us t g back t make mncakes tgether. She tld us she liked ding that because it culd let us get tgether and let us nt frget thse ld hard days.
We all knw what a mncake brings t us. It passes ur lve t ur family and helps pass dwn Chinese virtue (美德).
24．Where did the writer’s family get tgether at the Mid-Autumn Festival?
A．In his hme.
B．In his parents’ hme.
C．In his grandparents’ hme.
D．In his uncle’s hme.
25．The underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 3 refers t “________”.
A．wrking and learning tgether
B．sitting tgether
C．talking tgether
D．making mncakes tgether
26．What can a mncake bring t the writer and his family?
①kindness ②happiness ③reunin (团聚) ④lve
A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④
27．Why did the writer write this text?
A．T tell us t cherish (珍惜) the time with ur family.
B．T tell us mncakes are a kind f special fd fr him.
C．T tell us hw they celebrate the Mid‑Autumn Festival.
D．T tell us we shuld make mncakes tgether at the Mid-Autumn Festival.
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家在中秋节团聚、一起制作月饼的故事，强调了月饼承载的家庭团聚和爱的意义。
【详解】24．文章第二段第一句“When I was a child, my family always gt tgether in my grandparents’ hme at the Mid-Autumn Festival.”指出，作者一家中秋节在祖父母家团聚。
25．文章第三段第五、六句“my grandma still asked us t g back t make mncakes tgether. She tld us she liked ding that because...”中，“that”指代前文提到的“一起做月饼”。
26．文章最后一段“It passes ur lve t ur family and helps pass dwn Chinese virtue”以及前文提到月饼象征团圆，可知月饼带来团聚（③）、快乐（②）和爱（④）。文中未提到善良（①）。
27．文章通过讲述作者与家人一起制作月饼的经历，强调了家庭团聚的重要性，目的是告诉读者珍惜与家人在一起的时光。
C
A father was very wrried abut his sn, wh, at 15 r 16 years ld, seemed t shw n signs f curage (勇气). In daily life, the by wuld shy away frm any challenges, whether it was trying a new sprt at schl r speaking up in class. S, the father went t see a famus bxing (拳击) cach and asked him t help his sn. The cach agreed and said, “Leave yur sn with me. In three mnths, I prmise he will be a changed persn. Hwever, yu must nt visit him during this time.” The father agreed.
Three mnths later, the father returned t pick up his sn as prmised. The cach held a friendly match between the by and an experienced bxer t shw the training results. As sn as the match began, the by was kncked dwn hard. But t everyne’s surprise, he quickly gt up and faced his ppnent (对手) again. He was kncked dwn again right away, but quickly jumped back t his feet. This happened again and again. The by was kncked dwn 16 times, yet each time he std up, and decided t face the challenge. Sweat ran dwn his face and he held his fists tight, which shwed he was really brave.
The cach turned t the father and asked, “D yu think yur sn’s actin shws curage?” “I’m s sad. I never thught that after sending him here fr three mnths f training, he wuld still get kncked dwn s easily,” the father replied.
The cach shk his head and said, “I really feel srry fr yu. Yu’re missing the pint. Yu nly see the falls, the superficial (表面上的) winning r lsing. Dn’t yu see the curage f yur sn t get up each time? That’s true strength. A strng persn isn’t smene wh never falls, but smene wh rises every time they d. That’s true curage.”
28．Why did the father want his sn t learn bxing?
A．T train him t be braver.B．T make his bdy strnger.
C．T make him learn t fllw rules.D．T help him becme an excellent bxer.
29．What happened t the by during the friendly match?
A．He refused (拒绝) t fight back.B．He wn the match easily.
C．He gt kncked dwn many times.D．He culdn’t get up at the end f the match.
30．Hw did the father feel at first abut the result f the match?
A．He felt unhappy.B．He was angry.C．He felt bred.D．He was excited.
31．Why did the cach think the by shwed true strength?
A．Because he never felt srry fr himself.
B．Because he wn the match in the end.
C．Because he kept n training fr three mnths.
D．Because he was brave enugh t get up after each fall.
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．A 31．D
【导语】本文讲述一位父亲因15岁的儿子缺乏勇气，带他去见拳击教练。教练训练男孩三个月后安排了一场与经验丰富拳手的友谊赛。男孩在比赛中被击倒16次，但每次都站起来继续面对挑战。父亲看到儿子被击倒感到难过，但教练指出真正的勇气不在于从不倒下，而在于每次倒下后都能站起来。
【详解】28．第一段中提到“ t shw n signs f curage... asked him t help his sn.”，可知父亲想让儿子学拳击是为了训练他更勇敢。
29．第二段中提到“The by was kncked dwn 16 times, yet each time he std up”，可知男孩在比赛中多次被击倒。
30．第三段中父亲说“I’m s sad. I never thught that after sending him here fr three mnths f training, he wuld still get kncked dwn s easily.”，可知父亲对比赛结果感到难过/不开心。
31．最后一段中教练说“Dn’t yu see the curage f yur sn t get up each time? That’s true strength.”，可知教练认为男孩每次倒下后都勇敢站起来，这就是真正的力量。
第二节 (共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。
D yu like a staycatin? It can be relaxing and save mney. 32
Firstly, yu can travel in yur city like a turist. 33 Yu might discver smething great right where yu live. Yu can try different fds at lcal restaurants, t.
34 Chse mvies that yu lve r the nes yu’ve never seen befre. Make yur living rm cmfrtable. Have the lights ff fr a better mvie experience.
Organising yur rm is als a gd idea. Clean yur desk r put away yur bks. This might nt sund like fun, but it feels great. Yu will create a peaceful space where yu can enjy spending time.
Lastly, yu can start a small garden r plant sme flwers. 35 Watching yur plants grw every day can bring a lt f jy.
All in all, yu dn’t need t g far t have a wnderful hliday. The mst imprtant thing is t have fun.
A．It’s a gd idea t g t the mvie theatre.
B．Gardening is a peaceful hbby that can make yu happy.
C．Here are sme ideas fr a great staycatin.
D．Visit lcal museums, parks, r new places in yur city.
E．Yu can watch mvies with snacks and drinks at hme.
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．E 35．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了享受居家度假的几种方式，包括像游客一样游览城市、在家看电影、整理房间以及开始园艺活动。
【详解】32．前文指出居家度假可以放松且省钱，后文开始列举居家度假的具体做法，C选项“Here are sme ideas fr a great staycatin.”承接前文关于居家度假的描述，引出下文的具体活动建议，符合语境。
33．前文建议像游客一样游览所在城市，后文说明可能会发现身边的好去处，D选项“Visit lcal museums, parks, r new places in yur city.”具体列举了可以游览的地点，与后文关于发现好去处的内容形成逻辑关系。
34．后文指出选择喜欢的或从未看过的电影，让客厅舒适，关灯以获得更好的观影体验，E选项“Yu can watch mvies with snacks and drinks at hme.”作为本段主旨句，概括了在家看电影这一活动，与后文关于电影选择和环境布置的内容形成逻辑关系。
35．前文指出开始一个小花园或种一些花，后文说明每天观察植物生长能带来很多快乐，B选项“Gardening is a peaceful hbby that can make yu happy.”承接前文关于园艺活动的内容，点明了园艺作为平和爱好的作用，与后文关于快乐的内容形成逻辑关系。
III. 语言运用（共三节，满分35分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读短文，掌握其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Many futurists make all kinds f predictins abut life in 50 years. Sme peple hld psitive ideas, but thers think things will be 36 than nw. Will new technlgy take ver many peple’s jbs? Will rbts replace human wrkers? This is a ht tpic fr discussin.
An expert says rbts can finish many challenging tasks. Hwever, rbts cannt develp emtinal intelligence. Creativity is still a valuable quality fr humans. It desn’t 37 hw fast AI develps; human feelings cannt disappear. Everything depends 38 ur wn effrts.
Sme sci-fi stries talk abut travelling int uter space. Maybe ne day, cmmn peple can buy a 39 fr space trips. But we still face lts f challenges. We may meet natural disasters and unexpected emergency situatins.
Nt everyne accepts such predictins. Sme peple say it is impssible fr humans t travel everywhere in uter space. The transprt system needs t becme mre 40 . Scientists are trying t imprve ur educatin and medical industry. Their main 41 is t make peple’s lives better.
Harry and his partner Jennifer nce talked abut this tpic. They planned t recrd a 42 t share their ideas. The length f their vide will be abut thirty minutes. They want t mentin hw technlgy influences ur daily life. They hpe mre peple can keep a psitive attitude tward the future.
We cannt knw what will happen, but we can make ur wn plans. We shall keep creative and try ur best. If we meet difficulties, we shuld face the 43 bravely. Dn’t wait fr gd luck t cme 44 . The future is nt given; it is created by 45 .
36．A．wrseB．easierC．betterD．lighter
37．A．careB．matterC．passD．cure
38．A．inB．atC．nD．fr
39．A．walletB．cashC．ticketD．fridge
40．A．impssibleB．efficientC．emtinalD．public
41．A．taskB．winnerC．guestD．authr
42．A．systemB．videC．trafficD．pilt
43．A．predictinB．industryC．challengeD．quality
44．A．by itselfB．by handC．in persnD．in time
45．A．thersB．urselvesC．expertsD．pilts
【答案】
36．A 37．B 38．C 39．C 40．B 41．A 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文为说明文，探讨五十年后的未来生活，讨论人工智能、太空旅行等话题，点明未来需要靠我们自己创造。
【详解】36．句意：一些人持有积极的观点，但是另一些人认为情况将会比现在更糟糕。
根据前后语义相反的转折关系，应选用wrse，表示“更糟糕的”。easier“更容易的”；better“更好的”；lighter“更轻的”，逻辑不符。
37．句意：无论人工智能发展得多快，人类的情感都不会消失。
根据it desn’t matter hw…固定句式，应选用matter，表示“要紧，有关系”。care“关心”；pass“通过”；cure“治愈”，均不符。
38．句意：一切都取决于我们自身的努力。
根据动词短语的固定搭配，应选用n，表示“依靠，凭借”。in“在……里面”；at“在（某处）”；fr“为了”，均不符。
39．句意：也许有一天，普通人可以购买一张太空旅行的票。
根据太空出行的场景，应选用ticket，表示“票”。wallet“钱包”；cash“现金”；fridge“冰箱”，逻辑不符。
40．句意：这套运输系统需要变得更加高效。
根据太空出行对运输系统的性能要求，应选用efficient，表示“高效的”。impssible“不可能的”；emtinal“情感的”；public“公共的”，均不符。
41．句意：他们的主要任务是让人们的生活变得更好。
根据科研工作者开展相关工作的目的，应选用task，表示“任务”。winner“获胜者”；guest“客人”；authr“作者”，逻辑不符。
42．句意：他们计划录制一段视频来分享他们的想法。
根据后文提到的录制产物，应选用vide，表示“视频”。system“系统”；traffic“交通”；pilt“飞行员”，均不符。
43．句意：如果我们遇到困难，我们应该勇敢地面对挑战。
根据遭遇困境的语境，应选用challenge，表示“挑战”。predictin“预言”；industry“工业，行业”；quality“质量”，逻辑不符。
44．句意：不要等待好运自己降临。
根据好运主动到来的语义，应选用by itself，表示“独自，自行”。by hand“手工”；in persn“亲自”；in time“及时”，均不符。
45．句意：未来不是既定的，它由我们自己创造。
根据文章传递的核心主旨，应选用urselves，表示“我们自己”。thers“其他人”；experts“专家”；pilts“飞行员”，逻辑不符。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
My first jb was in a restaurant. I wrked 46 a waitress. Every day, I greeted guests 47 a smile and led them t their tables. I als carried meals and drinks. The wrk was 48 (bre) and I had t wrk lng hurs.
Later, I fund a new jb at a bkstre. 49 shelves f bks all arund me, I really enjyed my wrk. I ften tk bks 50 the shelves t read. I shared my reading experiences with my 51 (custmer) and had interesting cnversatins with them. Last year, I 52 (becme) the manager.
This jb change has been 53 big change in my life. I went frm a 54 (nise) restaurant t a quiet bkstre. I am much 55 (happy) nw. I believe that if yu fllw yur heart, yu will find the right jb.
【答案】
46．as 47．with 48．bring 49．With 50．frm 51．custmers 52．became 53．a 54．nisy 55．happier
【导语】这篇短文讲述了作者从餐厅服务员转行到书店工作，最后成为书店经理，收获快乐的职业转变经历。
【详解】46．句意：我的第一份工作在一家餐馆，我做女服务员。固定搭配wrk as+职业，表示“担任……工作”，故填as。
47．句意：每天，我面带微笑迎接顾客，并把他们领到餐桌旁。固定短语with a smile意为“带着微笑”，with表示“带有、具有”。
48．句意：这份工作很无聊，而且我得长时间工作。空前有be动词was，此处用形容词作表语，bre的形容词形式为bring/bred，本句主语是wrk，修饰事物用bring“令人无聊的”。
49．句意：四周都是一排排的书，我十分喜欢我的工作。前半句是with复合结构（with+宾语+宾语补足语），在句中作伴随状语，修饰后面主句，描述主句动作发生时，周围的环境情况，故填With。
50．句意：我经常从书架上拿书来读。固定短语take…frm…意为“从……拿走……”，故填frm。
51．句意：我和我的顾客分享阅读经历，和他们进行有趣的交谈。后面代词them指代空格处的内容，说明是复数，custmer的复数形式为custmers。
52．句意：去年，我当上了经理。 Last year“去年”是一般过去时标志，becme的过去式为became。
53．句意：这次工作变动是我人生中的一次重大改变。change此处为可数名词，big以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，表示“一次”。
54．句意：我从一家喧闹的餐馆换到了一家安静的书店。空格处修饰名词restaurant，要用形容词；nise的形容词形式为nisy，意为“吵闹的”。
55．句意：我现在快乐得多了。much后面修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”；happy的比较级为happier。
第三节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
Prtecting the Grasslands f Inner Mnglia
In recent years, the grasslands f Inner Mnglia have been facing serius prblems. Overgrazing by livestck, climate change and the expansin f farmland have caused the grasslands t shrink. Accrding t fficial statistics, abut 70% f the natural grasslands in the regin are nw degraded t sme degree.
Mr. Wang, a herder wh has lived n the grassland fr ver 40 years, remembers when the grass was tall and green. “When I was yung, the grass reached my waist,” he said. “Nw it barely cvers the grund.” His family used t raise ver 1,000 sheep, but they have had t reduce the number because there is nt enugh grass t feed them.
The gvernment has taken actin t address this prblem. In 2018, it intrduced a plicy t limit the number f livestck allwed n the grasslands. Subsidies are given t herders wh reduce their herds. Sme areas have been clsed t grazing t allw the grass t recver. At the same time, herders are being trained in sustainable grazing methds.
These effrts are beginning t shw results. In sme areas, the grass is grwing back. Wildlife such as wlves, fxes and gazelles are returning. Mr. Wang believes the future is brighter nw. “We must prtect the grassland,” he says. “It is nt just ur hme — it is the hme f ur ancestrs and ur children.”
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
56．What has caused the grasslands f Inner Mnglia t shrink?

57．Hw did Mr. Wang describe the cnditin f the grassland in the past?

58．What did the gvernment intrduce in 2018 t prtect the grasslands?

59．What is Mr. Wang’s jb?

60．What d yu think is the mst imprtant thing t prtect the grasslands? (自拟一句话作答)

【答案】56．Overgrazing, climate change and the expansin f farmland. 57．He said the grass reached his waist when he was yung. 58．It intrduced a plicy t limit the number f livestck allwed n the grasslands. 59．He is a herder. 60．I think educatin and sustainable grazing are the mst imprtant things t prtect the grasslands.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了内蒙古草原面临的退化问题、造成原因、一位牧民的经历、政府采取的保护措施以及取得的成效。
【详解】56．根据文章第1段“Overgrazing by livestck, climate change and the expansin f farmland have caused the grasslands t shrink.”可推知结论草原萎缩的具体原因。
57．根据文章第2段“When I was yung, the grass reached my waist.”可推知结论过去草原草很高的状况。
58．根据文章第3段“In 2018, it intrduced a plicy t limit the number f livestck allwed n the grasslands.”可推知结论2018年政府引入的保护政策。
59．根据文章第2段“Mr. Wang, a herder wh has lived n the grassland fr ver 40 years...”可推知结论王先生的职业身份。
60．本题为开放性问题，结合文章主题“保护草原”及文中提到的措施作答即可，言之有理即可。
IV. 写作（满分15分）
61．假如你是李华，请以Hw t Get Alng Well with Friends为题写一篇短文。
要点：
1. 你认为和朋友相处最重要的是什么；
2. 举例说明如何做到；
3. 你的感受。
要求：80-100词，语句通顺，语法正确。
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【答案】
例文
Hw t Get Alng Well with Friends
I think trust and understanding are the mst imprtant things in friendship. True friends shuld be hnest and respect each ther’s feelings.
My best friend and I have different hbbies, but we always listen t each ther and share ur interests. When she feels sad, I cmfrt her. When I have truble, she helps me patiently. We talk penly when we disagree.
Being kind, hnest and supprtive is the key t friendship. A true friend stays with yu thrugh gd and bad times. I treasure ur friendship and will always value her supprt.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：议论文，用一般现在时
明确要点：友谊中最重要的东西（信任和理解，诚实和尊重彼此的感受）、举例说明如何做到（分享兴趣、倾听、安慰、帮助、坦诚沟通）、感受（珍惜友谊）
确定人称：第一人称（I）
注意事项：需包含所有要点，词数80-100，不得出现真实信息
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
第一段：阐述对友谊最重要的看法（信任和理解、诚实和尊重）
第二段：举例说明如何做到（分享兴趣、倾听、安慰、帮助、坦诚沟通）
第三段：表达感受并总结（珍惜友谊）
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：友谊中最重要的东西
看法：trust and understanding are the mst imprtant things/the key t a strng friendship is trust and mutual understanding等
要求：true friends shuld be hnest and respect each ther’s feelings/hnesty and respect are essential in any friendship等
要点二：如何做到
做法一：listen t each ther and share ur interests/share hbbies and care abut each ther’s lives等
做法二：when she feels sad, I cmfrt her/be there fr each ther in bth gd and difficult times等
做法三：talk penly when we disagree/cmmunicate hnestly instead f keeping anger inside等
要点三：感受
感受：treasure ur friendship and will always value her supprt/feel lucky and grateful t have such a friend等
感悟：a true friend stays with yu thrugh gd and bad times/real friendship means never giving up n each ther等