2026年高考英语题型专练(全国通用)题型04阅读理解主旨大意题：宏观把握，一眼洞察文心(原卷版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语题型专练(全国通用)题型04阅读理解主旨大意题：宏观把握，一眼洞察文心(原卷版+解析)，共12页。试卷主要包含了 段落大意题， 文章大意题， 标题归纳题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
题型简介
主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表达的主要内容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通过行文逻辑和各种细节信息阐明的核心内容。把握主旨大意是英语阅读理解的一项关键能力，对正确理解全文有重要意义。考生在解题时应通过略读捕捉文中的关键词句，把握篇章和段落结构，梳理篇章和段落的行文脉络，从而弄清作者的写作思路，最终归纳出主旨大意。高考阅读理解中，对该关键能力的考查主要有以下三种：归纳段落大意、理解全文主旨和选定最佳标题。
设题类型&命题方式
1. 段落大意题：段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。
段落大意题常见设问形式：
What is the mainly abut?
What des paragraph. .. mainly talk abut?
What des the writer try t express in
2. 文章大意题： 文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解,要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上,通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动,概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意额常见设问形式:What is the text mainly abut? What's the main idea f the text? What is mainly talked abut in the text?
3. 标题归纳题：标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。标题归纳题主要考查考生把握文章主旨,理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。标题归纳题常见设问形式:Which is the mst suitable title fr the text? What can be a suit-able title fr the text? Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage? Which f the fllwing can serve as the best title fr the passage?
解题思路
1： 段落大意题解题思路
首先，逐句分析内容。通读段落中的每一句话，准确理解其字面意思，并用简短的关键词概括每句的核心内容。
其次，串联逻辑关系。分析句子之间的逻辑衔接，如并列、转折、因果或例证关系。特别注意区分观点句、论证句和例证句，这有助于识别信息的主次。
接着，提炼核心主旨。将各句的关键内容进行整合，合并表达相同或相似概念的要点。在此过程中，需要去掉次要的细节信息、具体的数据或补充说明的例子，保留并突出段落最核心的论述焦点。
最后，比对选项确定答案。将提炼出的核心主旨与题目选项进行仔细比对。排除那些只涉及段落局部细节、过于宽泛或与段落内容明显不符的选项，选择最能全面、准确概括整段核心思想的答案。
2. 文章大意题解题思路
第一步：分析各段落大意
这是解题的基石。首先，逐段阅读文章，重点捕捉每一段的中心思想。关键在于定位段落的主题句。主题句通常出现在段首句或段尾句，这些位置常常是作者提出观点或总结结论的地方。同时，要特别关注转折词（如but, hwever）后面的句子以及设问句的答语，这些部分往往承载了段落的真实意图。此外，一些表示总结或结论的信号词（如therefre, thus, in cnclusin）引出的句子也至关重要。通过这一步，将一篇长文章分解为几个核心的段落大意。
第二步：提炼文章主旨
在厘清各段落核心意思的基础上，进入整合阶段。首先，留意在全文反复出现的高频词和核心词，这通常是文章讨论的核心话题。接着，串联各段落大意，审视它们之间的逻辑关系——是并列阐述不同方面，是递进深入，还是对比论证？在此基础上，合并相同或相似的内容，将它们归类为文章主旨的几个核心维度。同时，要果断地去掉次要内容，如具体的例子、详细的数据或补充说明，确保焦点集中在主干思想上。
第三步：对比分析选项，确定答案
将你通过以上步骤提炼出的文章主旨与题目选项进行仔细比对。排除那些只涉及文章局部细节、某一段落内容的选项，以及那些范围过于宽泛或与文章核心思想不符的选项。最终选择的答案，必须能够全面、准确地涵盖全文的核心论点，而非只是部分内容的重述。
3. 标题归纳题解题思路
第一步：分析段落，提炼文章主旨
这是解答所有主旨大意题的基础，标题题也不例外。标题必须是全文核心思想最集中的体现
1. 定位主题句：逐段阅读，重点分析每一段的段首句和段尾句，这些位置通常是观点或结论所在。同时，务必关注转折词（如but, hwever）之后的句子以及疑问句的答语，这些部分往往揭示了作者的真正意图。由总结性信号词（如therefre, in cnclusin）引出的句子也至关重要。
2. 捕捉高频词与核心词：留意在全文反复出现的词汇或概念，它们是文章讨论的中心话题，常常会成为标题的关键词。
3. 串联与提炼：在概括各段大意后，将它们串联起来，找出其内在逻辑关系。合并相同或相似内容，并果断去掉次要的细节和例子，从而凝练出全文唯一且核心的论点或说明对象。
第二步：把握正确标题的核心特征
一个最佳标题，其选项通常具备以下特点：
概括精准：标题必须准确地覆盖全文的核心内容，范围既不能太宽也不能太窄。
统领全文：标题所表述的内容应能统领全文各个段落，是所有段落共同服务的主旨。
醒目新颖：在准确的基础上，好的标题应具备一定的吸引力和概括性，能够引起读者兴趣。
第三步：对比分析选项，排除干扰
将你提炼出的文章主旨与各个选项进行严谨比对。此时，要重点识别和排除干扰项：
以偏概全：选项只对应文章某个段落或细节，无法代表整体。
概括过度：选项范围过大，超出了文章实际讨论的范畴。
无中生有：选项涉及了文章中未曾提及的信息或观点。
考向01 段落大意题
【例1-1】(2026届云南省云南民大附中高三第三次联考模拟预测英语试题节选)
Researchers have created a new nangeneratr that cllects and turns the energy frm everyday mvements int electricity. It uses materials that becme electrically charged when in cntact. Think f hw rubbing a balln n smene’s hair makes it stick t each ther because f static electricity (静电). Instead f ne electrde (电极) passing energy by itself, the new device has a relay f wrkers wh shift mechanical energy, like running, int electricity. Each electrde cllects a charge and then passes it n t the next electrde. The accumulating charge creates mre energy in a prcess knwn as the charge regeneratin effect.
1. What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw the nangeneratr wrks.
B．Why the device needs electrdes.
C．When static electricity wrks in ballns.
D．What the charge regeneratin effect is.
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题，根据第四段内容，尤其是“Instead f ne electrde (电极) passing energy by itself, the new device has are lay f wrkers wh shift mechanical energy, like running, int electricity. Each electrde cllects a charge and then passes it n t the next electrde. The accumulating charge creates mre energy in a prcess knwn as the charge regeneratin effect(新的设备不是由一个电极单独传递能量，而是由一系列接力工作的电极将跑步等机械能转化为电能。每个电极收集电荷，然后将其传递给下一个电极。累积的电荷在一个被称为电荷再生效应的过程中产生更多的能量。”可知，第四段主要介绍了纳米发电机的工作原理。故选A。
【例1-2】（2026届浙江省宁波市海曙区等5地高三一模英语试题节选）
The real issue, hwever, ges deeper than misinfrmatin. It pints t a fundamental prblem in urban innvatin: the difficulty f imagining a life less dependent n the private car. Fr decades, the car has symblized persnal freedm and status. Any plicy that seems t reduce car use, even if it aims t enhance verall quality f life, can make peple feel emtinally upset. This reflects what transprt experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rted habit that is hard t break.
1. What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A．The challenge f a less car-centered life.
B．The significance f private cars.
C．The public’s reactins t a new plicy.
D．The definitin f car dependency.
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段 “The real issue, hwever, ges deeper than misinfrmatin. It pints t a fundamental prblem in urban innvatin: the difficulty f imagining a life less dependent n the private car. Fr decades, the car has symblized persnal freedm and status. Any plicy that seems t reduce car use, even if it aims t enhance verall quality f life, can make peple feel emtinally upset. This reflects what transprt experts call “car dependency”, a cultural and deep-rted habit that is hard t break.”.(然而，真正的问题远不止是信息传播不准确这么简单。它揭示了城市创新中一个根本性的难题:难以想象一种不再过度依赖私家车的生活方式。数十年来，汽车一直象征着个人自由和地位。任何看似减少汽车使用量的政策，即便其目的是提升整体生活质量，也会让人们产生情绪上的不适。这反映了交通专家所说的“对汽车的依赖”，这是一种根深蒂固的文化习惯，很难改变)”可知，本段主要讲了一种少依赖汽车的生活方式所带来的挑战。故选A。
解｜题｜技｜巧
段落大意题的核心在于精准提炼该段落的中心思想，而非细节信息。其解题过程可遵循以下系统性的技巧：
定位主题句，把握核心：这是最直接有效的方法。优先阅读段落的首句和尾句。在英文论述文中，作者常采用“总-分”或“分-总”结构，使得段首或段尾句成为核心观点所在。如【例1-1】中，段首句“Researchers have created a new nangeneratr...”即点明了本段将要介绍这个新设备，后续句子均为对其工作原理的展开说明。
关注转折与结论，抓住作者真实意图：段中出现转折词（如hwever, but, yet） 或 结论性词语（如therefre, thus, in cnclusin） 时，需高度警惕。转折后或结论句往往是段落真正想要强调的内容。【例1-2】便是典型，段首用“The real issue, hwever, ges deeper than misinfrmatin”承上启下，并通过转折明确指出本段将深入探讨一个“更根本的问题”（a fundamental prblem），从而引出了核心论点。
串联内容，提炼概括：当段落没有明确的主题句时，需要通读全段，概括各句大意，然后进行整合。合并相同信息，舍弃次要的举例、数据或详细解释，提炼出统领全段的核心概念。【例1-1】中，虽然提到了气球静电的类比，但这只是一个便于理解的引子，次要内容；核心是解释电极如何接力工作并产生电荷再生效应，因此主旨是“工作原理”。
识别高频词与核心概念：留意在段落中重复出现的词汇或核心概念。这些词往往是段落话题的焦点。例如【例1-2】中，“car”、“dependent/dependency”、“life”等词反复出现，清晰地指向了讨论的核心——与汽车依赖相关的生活方式。
注｜意｜事｜项
严防以偏概全：干扰项常常用段落中的某个细节或一个例子来冒充主旨。解题的关键在于判断该选项是否能覆盖整个段落。如【例1-1】中的C选项“静态电力何时在气球中起作用”和D选项“什么是电荷再生效应”，都只是段落中提及的一个点，无法代表全部内容。
警惕概括过度或偏离：选项的概括范围必须与段落内容严格匹配。【例1-2】的B选项“私家车的重要性”范围过宽，且段落重点在批判依赖，而非强调其重要性；C选项“公众对新政策的反应”是一个具体表现，而非根本原因；D选项“汽车依赖的定义”只是用于论证核心论点的工具之一。只有A选项准确抓住了“减少汽车为中心的生活所面临的挑战”这一根本问题。
紧扣本段，避免主观臆断：解答段落大意题时，必须将分析范围严格限定在该段落之内。不要受到其他段落内容或自身背景知识的干扰，答案的唯一依据就是当前段落所提供的信息。
总结来说，解答段落大意题是一个“由细节到整体，再通过整体审视细节”的辩证过程。首先通过定位主题句、关注转折结论、提炼高频词等方法快速把握段落核心，然后在选择时，严格以“能否统领全段”为标准，冷静排除那些片面、笼统或偏离的干扰项，从而锁定正确答案。
【变式1-1】(江苏省扬州大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段检测节选)
When I was grwing up, my mm ften said that n matter what grades I gt in schl as lng as I did my best, she’d be prud f me. Then she added, “But if yu didn’t get an A, I’ll knw yu didn’t d yur best.” She said it with a smile, but I tk it seriusly. I shuldn’t settle fr anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m t much f a perfectinist.
Perfectinism is the desire t be 100% perfect. The gal is zer faults and n failures. In an increasingly cmpetitive wrld, kids face grwing pressure frm parents t be perfect and severe criticism when they fall shrt. Every fault is a blw t their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself.
1. What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A．The disadvantage f being a perfectinist.
B．Why the authr became a perfectinist.
C．Hw the authr gt the gd grades in schl.
D．The feeling f being grateful t the authr’s mther.
【变式1-2】(山东省名校考试联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中检测英语试题试卷)
Ever wndered hw scial media platfrms decide hw t fill ur feeds? They use algrithms (算法), f curse, but hw d these algrithms wrk? In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebk prduct manager secretly tk ten thusand pages f dcuments and internal messages ut f Facebk headquarters. She leaked these t a handful f media utlets. A lt f stries sn ran, largely fcusing n the mst alarming, attentin-grabbing secrets.
It turns ut that Facebk engineers have assigned a pint value t each type f engagement users can perfrm n a pst (liking, cmmenting, resharing, etc.). Facebk’s algrithm calculates a persnalized scre fr each pst t determine its place in the feed. This scre is gt by multiplying the prbability yu’ll perfrm each engagement — likes, lves, etc. — by its pre-assigned pint value, then summing these prducts. Psts are then ranked frm highest t lwest scre, creating yur tailred feed. Then the magic frmula is: Scre=Vlike×Plike+Vlve×Plve+Vangry×Pangry+Vcmment×Pcmment+Vshare×Pshare.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Why Facebk designed a frmula.
B．Hw Facebk determines ur feeds.
C．Hw the frmula was created carefully.
D．Why users have t be cautius abut psts.
考向02 文章大意题
【例2-1】（江苏省泰州市靖江市2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选）
Chinese Nbel Prize-winning physicist Zhen Ning Yang, ne f the mst influential scientists in mdern physics, passed away in Beijing n Octber 18 due t illness at the age f 103.
Brn in 1922, Yang was brught up surrunded by the Tsinghua campus, where his father was a math prfessr. After finishing his undergraduate degree, he btained his master’s degree frm Tsinghua. He enrlled in the University f Chicag in the United States t pursue a dctrate in 1946 and was strngly influenced by Italian-American physicist Enric Fermi, wh had wn the same Nbel Prize in 1938. He later became a prfessr at the Institute fr Advanced Study in Princetn.
Yang wn the Nbel Prize in 1957 with Tsung-Da Lee fr their investigatin f the s-called parity laws that led t “imprtant discveries regarding the elementary particles,” accrding t the Nbel Prize website. They were the first Chinese-brn Nbel Prize winners in physics.
Prfessr Yang was deeply devted t his hmeland, making remarkable cntributins t China’s scientific and educatinal develpments. His visit t China in 1971 led t a wave f visits by verseas schlars, earning him recgnitin as the pineer in building the bridge f academic exchange between China and the United States. He later prpsed the restratin and strengthening f basic scientific research t China’s central leadership. He als raised funds t establish the “Cmmittee n Educatinal Exchange with China”, which has cntinuusly spnsred nearly 100Chinese schlars fr advanced studies in the United States. These schlars later became the backbne f China’ s scientific and technlgical develpment. He undertk extensive wrk t prmte China’s scientific and technlgical exchange and prgress, ffering advice and exercising significant influence n majr Chinese scientific prjects and the frmulatin (制定) f science and educatin plicies.
………..
1. What is the article mainly abut?
A．Yang’s lifelng cntributins t China.
B．Yang’s research n elementary particles.
C．Yang’s influence n glbal science plicy.
D．Yang’s educatinal backgrund in America.
【答案】A
【详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中心句“Prfessr Yang was deeply devted t his hmeland, making remarkable cntributins t China’s scientific and educatinal develpments.”(杨教授对祖国深怀热爱，为中国的科学和教育事业作出了卓越的贡献。)”和第五段中心句“After returning t Tsinghua University in1999,he tk n develping the Institute fr Advanced Study as his new missin.(1999年回到清华大学后，他把发展高等研究院作为自己的新使命。)”可知，文章重点展现杨振宁教授毕生对祖国的奉献。故选A。
【例2-2】（湖南省多校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）
In 1911, US explrer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in Suth America fr what wuld becme his greatest achievement: explring the remte hinterland west f Cusc, the ld Inca capital in Peru’s Andes. His gal was t find the remains f Vitcs, the last Inca capital.
………….
In his bk, he described the ascent (登高) vividly: he nted the cnstant risk f deadly snakes(thugh he saw nne), but that unease faded quickly as he felt grwing excitement — first at finding terraces, a mausleum, mnumental staircases, and finally Machu Picchu’s grand ceremnial buildings. “It seemed like an unbelievable dream, ne s vivid and s verwhelming that I frgt t breathe, and the sight held me enthralled, rted t the spt, unable t tear my eyes away,” he wrte. We shuld remember, hwever, that Lst City f the Incas is a wrk f sight, nt written until1948, many years after his jurney.
1. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．The histrical backgrund f the Inca empire
B．The Urubamba valley’s gegraphical features
C．Bingham’s discvery f the Machu Picchu ruins
D．A cmparisn f Bingham’s team and earlier travelers
【答案】C
【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 1911, US explrer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in Suth America fr what wuld becme his greatest achievement: explring the remte hinterland west f Cusc, the ld Inca capital in Peru’s Andes. His gal was t find the remains f Vitcs, the last Inca capital.”(1911年，美国探险家兼学者Hiram Bingham抵达南美洲，此行成就了他最为辉煌的事业:探索库斯科以西那片偏远的内陆地区，那里是秘鲁安第斯山脉中的古印加帝国的旧都。他的目标是寻找维托克斯的遗迹，那是古印加帝国的最后一个都城)”结合文章主要说明了1911年美国探险家Bingham赴南美寻找印加古城遗址，借新小路前行，意外登山发现马丘比丘，多年后在书中生动描述了当时的震撼场景。可知，文章主要讲了Bingham对马丘比丘遗址的发现。故选C。
解｜题｜技｜巧
首段尾段定位法：文章的首段通常用于引出话题、背景或核心论点，而尾段则常用于总结全文、重申观点或得出结论。因此，仔细阅读首段和尾段是快速抓住文章中心的捷径。
段落大意串联法：这是最核心和可靠的方法。快速浏览全文，提炼每个段落的核心意思（可借助寻找段落主题句的方法）。然后，将这些段落主旨像串珠子一样连接起来，看看它们共同论述了一个什么核心话题。【例2-1】中，文章前部分简要介绍了杨振宁的生平与学术成就，但第四段用明确的中心句指出他“为中国的科学和教育事业作出了卓越的贡献”，第五段继续讲述他回国后的新使命。将各段大意串联后，发现其生平成就都是为了铺垫和引出他“终身奉献祖国”这一更核心的主题。
高频词与核心概念捕捉法：通读过程中，留意在文中反复出现的词汇、短语或概念。这些高频元素往往是文章讨论的焦点。在【例2-1】中，“cntributins t China”、“hmeland”等相关概念贯穿后半部分；【例2-2】中，“explring”、“discvery”等是核心词汇。正确选项通常都会包含这些核心概念。
文章结构逻辑整合法：分析文章的组织结构。是“总-分-总”结构，还是按时间顺序叙述？论述的重点是放在起因、过程还是结果与意义上？【例2-1】的结构是“生平简介→学术荣誉→重点论述对祖国的贡献”，由此可知，前文是为后文的核心主旨做铺垫，重点在于其贡献。
注｜意｜事｜项
严防以偏概全：这是最主要的干扰项类型。选项内容只是文章某一部分或某个段落的细节，无法覆盖全文。如【例2-1】中的B项（对基本粒子的研究）和D项（在美教育背景）都只是前两段的内容；【例2-2】中的A项（历史背景）、B项（地理特征）和D项（比较）都只是文中提及的零星信息，而非全文核心。
警惕概括过度或无中生有：选项的表述可能过于宽泛，超出了文章实际讨论的范围，或者引入了文中未提及的信息。【例2-1】中的C项“杨振宁对全球科学政策的影响”，其中的“全球”一词就属于概括过度，文章主要聚焦于他对中国的影响。
紧扣文章主体，区分论点与论据：要清楚文中哪些是支持性的细节、例子或数据（论据），哪些才是由这些论据支撑的核心观点（论点）。不能把具体的例子误当作全文主旨。【例2-2】中，对登山过程的具体描述和书中引语都是细节，服务于“发现马丘比丘”这一核心事件。
【变式2-1】(2025届河北省名校联考高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题节选)
Big changes can cme in tiny details. A publisher has discvered that changing the design and fnt (字体) in bks saves millins f pages and thusands f trees. The design team at Harper Cllins examined hw they culd make their bks envirnmentally friendly while preserving readability.
It all started in 2015 when Zndervan, their divisin, explred ways t save pages when printing a classic bk. The classic is a huge bk, cnsisting f 2,500 pages. T save pages, the divisin develped a new typeface called NIV Cmfrt Print that is cmpact (紧凑) and cmfrtable t read. The use f Zndervan’s cmpact fnt reduced the classic’s length by 350 pages and saved 100 millin pages f paper. If these pages were stacked up (堆积), this wuld be the size f fur Empire State Buildings.
Harper Cllins wanted t apply this slutin t their fictin and nn-fictin bks. After they asked designers t cme up with ideas, the designers created 50 versins f a 600-page bk by using easy-t-read fnts and redesigned pages where there was less white space.
…
Questining hw we d things t make them mre sustainable applies t all, especially thse wh wrk at an ffice with a printer. Be it at hme, at schl r at wrk, sustainable slutins can g a lng way. And ne need nt be a publisher t adpt these changes.
1. What is the text mainly abut?
A．Ec-friendly ways t stre bks.
B．Resurce-saving publishing changes.
C．A creative and cperative publisher.
D．An innvative slutin t defrestatin.
【变式2-2】(浙江省宁波市鄞州中学2025学年高三考前适应性考试英语科试卷)
CPR and basic first aid care are skills that millins acquire. Nw this same type f training is available fr mental health. Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a prfessinal health rganizatin at UCnn (University f Cnnecticut), has taken the lead t bring the prgram t campus, ensuring each student can benefit frm it.
Mental Health First Aid training is a natinal initiative that is perfrmed lcally by Mental Health Cnnecticut, a statewide nn-prfit rganizatin. The grup has cme t UCnn three times fr training. “We intrduce infrmatin n mental illness with the basic facts. We dn’t teach hw t diagnse — we d the ppsite. Labeling and jumping t cnclusins based n symptms and behavirs are harmful and dangerus, because that is fr prfessinals,” says Valerie Cper, a cmmunity educatr fr the rganizatin.
Like CPR, Mental Health First Aid is a universal experience taught the same way everywhere. The prgram is split int classrm-style wrk, watching vides, and simulatin f real-life issues. The actin plan taught wrks under the acrnym f ALGEE — Assess fr risk f harm, Listen nn-judgmentally, Give reassurance and infrmatin, Encurage apprpriate prfessinal help, and Encurage self-help and ther supprt strategies. “Being a mental health first aider is t listen nn-judgmentally and create a space f trust,” says Cper. “We teach peple that listening will be mre imprtant than anything they say.”
UCnn nursing majr Lisa Iwanicki, 18, is a member f Sigma Theta Alpha. Iwanicki says she gt a lt ut f the simulatin activities. “It was cl t be in a rm with peple wh wanted t help make a change. It was nt just abut learning the signs f mental illness, but what smene can d in the cmmunity t help,” says Iwanicki. “Recvery is pssible. The mst imprtant thing is t keep peple hpeful. Yu have t try and try.”
1. What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A student care prject at UCnn.
B．Develpment f CPR skills.
C．A prfessinal health rganizatin.
D．Campus activities f UCnn.
考向03 标题归纳题
【例3-1】（浙南名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期十月联考英语试题）
Picture this, yu win tw tickets t a sld-ut cncert and eagerly text t ask yur friends if they’d like t jin. There cmes their respnse “Maybe.” Yur md immediately turns, fr yu need t wait fr their decisins befre yu can figure ut yur plans fr the cncert.
If yu’ve experienced anything like the abve anecdte, yu’re nt alne. Peple respnding “maybe” t invitatins is a cmmn yet annying aspect f scial life. What ges n in peple’s heads when they aren’t sure whether t accept an invitatin? Scial invitatins can be a delicate dance. Peple ften misread what smene extending an invitatin wants t hear and verestimate an inviter’s likelihd f preferring a “maybe” ver a “n.” Mrever, they fail t realize hw much mre disrespected peple feel when they receive a “maybe” in respnse t their invitatin.
Naturally, we wanted t figure ut why this awkward dynamic plays ut. We fund that it’s largely due t smething called “mtivated reasning.” Mtivated reasning ccurs when a persn interprets infrmatin in a biased (有偏差的) way t suit their wn wishes. In ther wrds, invitees cnvince themselves that inviters want t hear “maybe” instead f “n” because a “maybe” is better fr the invitees, allwing them t leave their ptins pen. Besides, peple tend t verestimate the negative cnsequences f saying “n” t invitatins, thinking it will upset, anger and disappint inviters.
Hwever, there were certain situatins that made peple mre cmfrtable saying “n” t an invitatin. When recipients f an invitatin put themselves in the shes f the persn extending the invitatin, they are mre likely t realize that they’d prbably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited t d smething they didn’t want t d, they had n desire t keep their ptins pen. The mtivated reasning then became irrelevant.
While navigating scial situatins can be tricky, being direct and definite is smetimes best. It might reduce yur ptins. But it’ll keep thse wh invite yu frm being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think f yu when the next cncert cmes t twn.
1. What is the best title fr the passage?
A．The Psychlgy behind “Maybe”
B．The Hidden Cnsequence f “Maybe”
C．“Maybe”: A Plite Escape frm Cnflict
D．“Maybe”: A Perfect Slutin t Invitatins
【答案】A
【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会铁事引出人们对邀请回复"Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后"动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项”'Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
【例3-2】（江苏省扬州大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题）
I’ve always lved bks. When I was a child, I wuld bring them everywhere-t the dinner table and t class. I became a reader in the absence f digital audibks (音频书).
Nevertheless, with the rise f smartphnes, audibks have explded in ppularity, and as with any new interest, new criticisms have risen in respnse. I’ll admit I used t think that audibks “didn’t cunt” because yu culd listen t them passively, and I gt annyed with peple wh said they had read this r that number f bks when their lists included, r were perhaps entirely made up f audibks. But I’ve cme arund since then, bth n a persnal and n a scial level.
I d still think reading a bk and listening t an audibk are different. They use different areas f the brain; they’re allwed in different cntexts. But I have grwn t lve audibks fr the distinct advantages they ffer — fr example, sme have vice actrs d distinctive vices fr different characters, r actually put meldy t sngs that nly have lyrics in the written text.
The line f thinking that wuld let us believe that audibks “dn’t cunt” as reading prevents peple frm reading. If smene struggles with print bks, and they find ut that audibks are the best way fr them t engage, they will listen t mre bks. If we want t build a wrld f readers, we have t supprt reading in any frm.
If any readers have read the bk Fangirl by Rainbw Rwell, they knw ne main character struggles with reading. He desn’t have truble reading. He just can’t fcus n text. In rder t survive cllege, he recrds lectures, meets up with ther students t discuss the tpic, and cmes up with ther cping mechanisms. Engage with bks hwever yu want: buy them, get them frm the library, dwnlad them nline. It desn’t matter. Dn’t we have better uses fr ur time than t criticize hw ther peple take in infrmatin?
1. Which f the fllwing is prbably the best title fr the text?
A．Why Print Bks Decline in the Digital Age?
B．Audibks: A Threat t Traditinal Literacy
C．Reading Redefined: Why All Frmats Matter?
D．Hw Technlgy Transfrms Reading Habits?
【答案】C
【详解】【小题4】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“If smene struggles with print bks, and they find ut that audibks are the best way fr them t engage, they will listen t mre bks. If we want t build a wrld f readers, we have t supprt reading in any frm.”(如果有人在阅读纸质书时感到困难，而发现有声书是他们进行阅读的最佳方式，那么他们就会去听更多的书。如果我们想要打造个爱读书的世界，就必须支持任何形式的阅读)”可知，本文主要探讨了有声书与纸质书阅读的关系，并呼吁人们以开放态度支持各种阅读形式，因此最好的题目是C选项“Reading Redefined: Why Al Frmats Matter?(阅读新解:为何所有形式都至关重要?)”，故选C
解｜题｜技｜巧
核心概念定位法：通读全文，锁定文章反复讨论的核心话题或关键词。一个恰当的标题必须包含这些核心概念。在【例3-1】中，全文围绕“Maybe”这一核心词展开；在【例3-2】中，核心争论点是不同阅读“Frmats”（格式）的价值。正确选项都精准地抓住了这些核心词。
作者态度判断法：辨别作者对核心话题的立场和文章的感情基调。标题需要与之契合。【例3-1】并非单纯批评“Maybe”，而是深入探讨其背后的心理动机（Psychlgy），基调是分析与解释性的。【例3-2】的作者则为有声书辩护，主张包容所有阅读形式，因此标题中的“Redefined”（重新定义）和“All Frmats Matter”（所有形式都重要）完美体现了这一立场。
选项对比检验法：这是最关键的一步。将初步选定的标题代入并自问：这个标题能否统领全文所有段落？ 它是否既涵盖了文章开头引入的现象，又包含了中部的分析论证，还囊括了结尾的结论或建议？一个最好的标题应该像一把大伞，能覆盖全文所有主要内容。
注｜意｜事｜项
在选择题目的过程中，必须警惕以下几类高频干扰项：
严防以偏概全：干扰项常常只对应文章的某个局部细节或论据，无法代表整体。【例3-1】的B选项“The Hidden Cnsequence f ‘Maybe’”（“Maybe”的隐藏后果）只涉及了问题的一个方面（其负面影响），但文章花了大量篇幅解释其背后的“动机推理”心理原因，因此B项是片面的。C、D选项则完全偏离了文章的分析基调。
警惕偏离主旨：选项可能使用了文章里的词汇，但表述的重点或结论与作者的写作意图完全不符或相反。【例3-1】的D选项“A Perfect Slutin”（一个完美的解决方案）就与文章最后建议“直接和明确”的态度相悖，因为“Maybe”正是被分析的问题本身，而非解决方案。
慎防片面绝对：干扰项可能观点过于极端或片面，无法体现文章的辩证思考。【例3-2】的B选项“A Threat t Traditinal Literacy”（对传统读写能力的威胁）就带有明显的负面和片面色彩，而原文作者的核心观点是倡导包容与共存，并非认为其构成威胁。A和D选项则未能抓住“为有声书正名”这一核心论点。
【变式3-1】(江苏省盐城市五校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题)
Scientists in Australia thught they had develped a new tracking device t help them mnitr magpies (喜鹊), but these birds had ther ideas.
Australian magpies are medium-sized black and white birds frm the same bird “family” as crws and bluejays. They are knwn t be quite clever. They live in grups f up t 12 birds and wrk tgether t defend the area they live in.
The purpse f the scientists’ experiment was t learn mre abut hw far they travel each day and hw their scial behavirs are influenced by sex, age, and rank. Besides, the scientists were eager t test the newly develped tracking device.
Mst trackers are t big t fit n small and medium sized birds, and small trackers tend t be limited when it cmes t data strage, battery life, and reusability. The new tracker, weighing less than 1 gram, was designed t vercme these prblems. Attached t a backpack-like harness (背带) which culd nt be remved easily, the device can re-charge wirelessly and transmit (传输) data wirelessly.
The scientists placed trackers n five magpies using their special harnesses. Things started t fall apart almst immediately. Within 10 minutes f fitting the final tracker, an adult female withut a tracker tried t remve the harness frm a yunger bird and eventually succeeded. This pattern was repeated in the fllwing hurs, and by the third day nne f the birds had trackers anymre.
Scientists refer t this as “rescue behavir,” and it happens when a helper tries t free anther individual in truble and with n bvius direct benefit t the rescuing individual. They think this is the first time rescue behavir has been reprted fr Australian magpies. Hwever, they aren’t sure if the same individual remved all f the harnesses r if thers ffered help.
The team didn’t get the data they wanted, but their experiment still prduced interesting results. That’s hw science wrks smetimes. The scientists need t try, again t figure ut a gd way t track these clever birds.
1. Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Magpies Teach Scientists an Unexpected Lessn
B．Climate Change Makes Magpies Mre Difficult
C．The Trackers Help Magpies Get Used t Nature
D．Magpies Are Adjusting t the Trackers n Their Bdies
【变式3-2】(山东师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月阶段测试英语试题)
D yu ever find yurself randmly thinking back t the times we wandered, cllecting wildflwers and smiling beneath the sky? That feeling is ften referred t as nstalgia (怀旧).
Psychlgists have defined nstalgia as a self-cnscius, scial emtin, bittersweet but dminantly psitive. It cmes frm ur happy memries and ur desire t g back t the past and recnnect with the peple we cared abut. Often, nstalgia invlves sensry stimuli. On sme ccasins, the smell f autumn leaves might generate a fierce lnging fr yur childhd hme. Almst everyne can experience nstalgia, althugh its bject tends t vary thrughut life. One survey cnducted by the psychlgist Krystine Irene Batch fund that yunger peple felt mre nstalgia fr pets, tys, and hlidays than did lder peple, wh felt it mre strngly fr music.
In cntrast t its links t negative emtins, nstalgia desn’t make us sadder. Rather, nstalgia is a defensive respnse t unhappiness, ne that brings relief frm a negative md. Research frm 2006 shws that nstalgia can actually strengthen scial ties, imprve self-esteem, and uplift ur md. Other studies suggest that it can als enhance ur view f life’s meaning, reduce fear f death, bst spirituality, and increase ptimism.
Schlars remain uncertain abut the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness f nstalgia; hwever, sme suggest that reflecting n jyful memries strengthens ur sense f self-wrth and belnging, particularly during times f lneliness r self-dubt. Its pwer lets the happiness f the past vercme the current unpleasantness, ffering a bit f escape frm tugh times. T frm strnger cnnectins, we can establish traditins arund shared past experiences in families, friend grups, and wrkplaces. Observing special ccasins like childhd sprts r pst-cllege meetups can give us smething t lk frward t.
Perhaps because it is s pwerful and cmplex, nstalgia has received magical treatment frm pets and writers. “The past is hidden smewhere utside the realm (领域), beynd the reach f intellect,” Marcel Prust wrte.
1. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Nstalgia: Why We Shuld Avid Reflecting n the Past
B．Nstalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness f Our Life
C．A Nstalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Pwer f Nstalgia: Struggling fr an Irreplaceable Present
专题01 高考真题练
A
(浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题)
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
1．What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Running ut f.B．Keeping away frm.
C．Putting up with.D．Taking advantage f.
2．Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A．T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B．T bring in freign species f plants.
C．T cnserve sil and water resurces.D．T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
3．Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A．Traditinal.B．Odd-lking.
C．Tasteful.D．Well-prtected.
4．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The future f gardening is WILD．B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need mre CARE.D．Old garden plts wrk WONDERS.
B
(2025年全国高考一卷英语真题)
While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these. In their new bk Mvement: Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives, they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple, amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
1．What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A．Cars ften get stuck n the rad.B．Traffic accidents ccur frequently.
C．Peple walk less and drive mre.D．Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
2．What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A．Keep their cities livable.B．Prmte cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families.D．Make expressways accessible.
3．What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A．They bsted the sales f cars.B．They turned ut largely ineffective.
C．They wn gvernment supprt.D．They advcated building new parks.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Why the Rush?B．What’s Next?
C．Where t Stay?D．Wh t Blame?
C
(2025年全国高考二卷英语真题)
Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
1．What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A．He witnessed fd shrtage.B．He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C．He dnated fd t Africans.D．He helped t ck at hme.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A．T custmize dishes fr guests.B．T make the public aware f fd waste.
C．T test a fd prcessing methd.D．T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Why the ingredients were used.B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made f.D．Where the ingredients were bught.
4．What can we learn abut wastED?
A．It has ended as planned.B．It is creating new jbs.
C．It has regained ppularity.D．It is criticized by tp chefs.
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25-26高三上·辽宁沈阳东北育才学校等校·)
In the early 1960s, Andy Warhl began experimenting with his signature silkscreen technique, which he used t make artistic statements abut mass prductin — including his famus wrks describing Cca-Cla bttles. “A Cke is a Cke,” he nce said. “and n amunt f mney can get yu a better Cke than the ne the beggar n the crner is drinking.”
Nw, mre than 60 years later, Cca-Cla is capitalizing n the artist’s statements. A new glbal ad campaign, titled “Masterpiece,” features Warhl’s 1962 Cca-Cla, alngside paintings frm ther masters. Cntemprary artists like Stefania Tejada and WnderBuhle are als included.
The tw-minute film pens in an art museum, where a grup f students are drawing under the watchful eye f their teacher — all except ne yung man, abut t fall asleep, the page f his drawing bk cmpletely blank. But then the paintings cme t life. A hand frm Aket’s Divine Idyll (2022) shts ut frm its frame, pulling the Cke bttle frm Warhl’s painting, which hangs n a nearby wall. S begins the bttle’s jurney thrugh the majr wrks f the museum hall, as characters frm paintings new and ld thrw the drink between them. The final masterpiece we see, which ultimately delivers the ice-cld Cke t the student, is Jhannes Vermeer’s Girl With A Pearl Earring (1665). She pens the bttle and hands it ver, just befre the art student’s prfessr wanders ver t see his nw-cmplete assignment.
The Andy Warhl Fundatin fr the Visual Arts is n bard with the new campaign. “These pieces, paired with wrks by emerging artists frm arund the glbe, celebrate the inspiratinal pwer f visual art thrugh the magical lens (镜头) f Cca-Cla.” says Michael Daytn, the fundatin’s directr f licensing, marketing and sales.
In recent years, using famus artwrks in advertising has becme a ppular strategy. But sme artists have a different pinin n these campaigns. In Nvember, the British street artist Banksy called ut the clthing brand Guess fr “helping themselves” t his artwrk fr a new cllectin withut his permissin. Meanwhile, American artist Keith Haring’s wrk has been ppping up seemingly everywhere, frm Adidas sneakers t a Pandra jewelry campaign.
1． What can we infer frm Andy Warhl’s statement “A Cke is a Cke”?
A．Cca-Cla is the best drink in the wrld.
B．The value f a Cke lies in itself, nt in its cnsumer.
C．Rich peple can never get the same Cke as the Beggars’.
D．Mney can buy everything except a better Cke.
2． What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．A detailed descriptin f Cca-Cla’s ad.
B．The influence f Cca-Cla n art creatin.
C．Artwrks that cntribute t Cca-Cla’s ad.
D．An intrductin t Warhl’s 1962 Cca-Cla.
3． What is Michael Daytn’s attitude t Cca-Cla’s ad?
A．Critical.B．Dubtful.C．Favrable.D．Dismissive.
4． What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Andy Warhl’s Famus Cca-Cla Artwrks
B．The Evlutin f Cca-Cla’s Advertising Strategies
C．Cca-Cla’s “Masterpiece” Campaign: Art Meets Marketing
D．Cntrversies Surrunding Art Usage in Cmmercial Ads
B
(25-26高三上·江苏镇江一中、镇江中学、南京部分学校·月考)
Usain Blt burned abut 10kcal f energy t win his gld during the 200 metre spring final at the Olympic Games, which culd rughly pwer an ld 60W light bulb fr 11 minutes. If yu culd make use f all the pwer generated by all the athletes during the Games, yu wuld still be nwhere clse t reaching the 29.5 billin Watts cnsumed verall by the athletes, spectatrs and rganizers ver the event. We take sprt fr granted, but d we ever cnsider its cst t the planet?
Frm the water required t maintain the glf curse during The Masters turnament t the hundreds f flights it takes t bring ftball fans t a Wrld Cup, majr sprts events are nt helping much in the fight against glbal heating. What’s mre, there is a lack f recgnitin within sprt f its respnsibilities and little discussin abut pssible slutins.
This is strange, given that the effect wrks bth ways: the climate crisis is nt just affected by sprts, but it is already having a negative impact n many sprts. When ice-climber Will Gadd set ut t cnquer the wrld’s glaciers, he didn’t realize it wuld becme a race against climate change. “I thught glaciers are there frever.” When he arrived at the summit, Gadd was shcked: “The ice…wasn’t there. The things I planned t climb were gne.”
Glbal heating is nticeable in ther sprts. Amy Steel played prfessinal netball until she suffered frm heatstrke after playing in 39℃ cnditins and unfrtunately, the damage was permanent. Nt nly that, but extreme weather events made mre frequent as a result f glbal heating mean sprting events are mre ften delayed r canceled. This has cst sprt billins in ptential earnings.
Yet sprt can be a pwerful mtivatr: it can unite whle natins behind its teams. Culd sprt have a rle t play in driving climate awareness? Will Gadd and Amy Steel are amng many athletes wh think s? One thing is certain. Sprt must put climate change at the tp f its agenda and decarbnize at a Usain Blt-like pace t make a difference.
1． What is the main fcus f the first paragraph?
A．Why d sprts events cnsume energy?
B．Hw much pwer d athletes generate?
C．What is the energy impact f sprts events?
D．Hw did Blt cntribute t the envirnment?
2． Why des the writer use Will Gadd and Amy Steel as examples?
A．They initiated ec-friendly sprts practices.
B．They sustained permanent injuries in sprts.
C．They fell victim t climate-related incidents.
D．They achieved recrd-breaking perfrmances.
3． What effect f glbal heating n sprts is mentined in the text?
A．Stricter facility restrictins.B．Substantial financial lsses.
C．Higher athlete training standards.D．Prlnged utdr sprts seasns.
4． What can be a suitable title fr the text?.
A．Sprts in the Climate Crisis
B．Athletes against Glbal Heating
C．The Impact f Climate Change n Sprt
D．The Envirnmental Cst f Outdr Sprts
C
(25-26高三上·福建龙岩永定第一中学·月考)
Peple tday are much cleverer than they were in previus generatins. A study f 72 cuntries fund that average IQs rse by 2.2 pints per decade between 1948 and 2020. This stunning change is knwn as the Flynn Effect after James Flynn, the scientist wh first nticed it. Flynn was initially cnfused by his discvery. It tk millins f years fr the brain t evlve. Hw culd it imprve s rapidly ver just a few decades?
The answer is largely that peple were becming better nurished and mentally stimulated. Just as muscles need fd and exercise t grw strng, the brain als needs the right nutrients and activity t develp. Kids tday are much less likely t be malnurished (营养不良的) than they were in past decades, and mre likely t g t schl. Yet there is n rm fr satisfactin. In pr and middle-incme cuntries, many children are still t ill-fed t reach the cgnitive ptential.
The wrld grws enugh fd, but several bstacles stp nutrients getting int yung brains. One is war. Families sheltering arund cannt risk ut t plant r harvest, and sme gvernments intentinally starve certain regins int submissin. Anther is disease. Hungry children fall sick mre ften, and the energy they spend battling bugs cannt be devted t grwing brains. Pverty is als a big part f the prblem. But glbal data frm UNICEF, an aid agency, shw that althugh half the children with very restricted diets (including n mre than tw fd grups) are indeed frm pr families, the ther half are nt. Other factrs, such as pr eating habits, are t blame as well. Research abut hw t vercme the bstacles is needed.
Sme argue that human intelligence will matter less as peple entrust (委托) their thinking t artificial intelligence. T assume this wuld be as flish as betting 100 years ag that the inventin f the car wuld make it unnecessary t walk. In the wrkplace, human intelligence and AI will prbably assist each ther. And brains are fr the jy f thinking, as well as earning mney. Steven Pinker f Harvard University calls human intelligence “a tailwind in life”, helping peple adapt ratinally t new challenges r a changing envirnment. Fr a mdest price, the next generatin can have a strnger tailwind. It wuld nt nly be wrng t refuse them the tailwind. It wuld be stupid.
1． What can we learn abut the Flynn Effect?
A．Average IQs have risen fast in the past decades.
B．Intelligence has been stable acrss generatins.
C．Peple nw are as intelligent as their ancestrs.
D．Better educatin leads t imprved physical health.
2． What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．The Flynn Effect has reached its peak.B．Glbal prblems cntinue despite IQ gains.
C．Sciety values human intelligence less.D．Malnutritin is merely a result f pverty.
3． What des the authr think f artificial intelligence?
A．Useless.B．Unique.C．Beneficial.D．Ineffective.
4． What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Stages f IQ DevelpmentB．Secrets t Rising IQs Wrldwide
C．Insights Int Glbal IQ TrendD．Influence f the Flynn Effect
D
(25-26高三上·山东师范大学附属中学·月考)
D yu ever find yurself randmly thinking back t the times we wandered, cllecting wildflwers and smiling beneath the sky? That feeling is ften referred t as nstalgia (怀旧).
Psychlgists have defined nstalgia as a self-cnscius, scial emtin, bittersweet but dminantly psitive. It cmes frm ur happy memries and ur desire t g back t the past and recnnect with the peple we cared abut. Often, nstalgia invlves sensry stimuli. On sme ccasins, the smell f autumn leaves might generate a fierce lnging fr yur childhd hme. Almst everyne can experience nstalgia, althugh its bject tends t vary thrughut life. One survey cnducted by the psychlgist Krystine Irene Batch fund that yunger peple felt mre nstalgia fr pets, tys, and hlidays than did lder peple, wh felt it mre strngly fr music.
In cntrast t its links t negative emtins, nstalgia desn’t make us sadder. Rather, nstalgia is a defensive respnse t unhappiness, ne that brings relief frm a negative md. Research frm 2006 shws that nstalgia can actually strengthen scial ties, imprve self-esteem, and uplift ur md. Other studies suggest that it can als enhance ur view f life’s meaning, reduce fear f death, bst spirituality, and increase ptimism.
Schlars remain uncertain abut the precise mechanism behind the effectiveness f nstalgia; hwever, sme suggest that reflecting n jyful memries strengthens ur sense f self-wrth and belnging, particularly during times f lneliness r self-dubt. Its pwer lets the happiness f the past vercme the current unpleasantness, ffering a bit f escape frm tugh times. T frm strnger cnnectins, we can establish traditins arund shared past experiences in families, friend grups, and wrkplaces. Observing special ccasins like childhd sprts r pst-cllege meetups can give us smething t lk frward t.
Perhaps because it is s pwerful and cmplex, nstalgia has received magical treatment frm pets and writers. “The past is hidden smewhere utside the realm (领域), beynd the reach f intellect,” Marcel Prust wrte.
1． Why des the authr mentin “autumn leaves” in the secnd paragraph?
A．T illustrate the cmplexity f nstalgia.
B．T emphasize the jyful nature f nstalgia.
C．T clarify nstalgia’s cnnectin t ur senses.
D．T stress individual variety f experiencing nstalgia.
2． What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The mismatch between tw findings.
B．The ptential benefits f nstalgia.
C．The impact f nstalgia n persnal md.
D．The mechanisms behind nstalgia’s effects.
3． What des the authr suggest us d in paragraph 4?
A．Create shared traditins fr bnding and jy.
B．Recrd the scial gatherings regularly.
C．Recgnize the unnecessary scial gatherings.
D．Say n t the cncept f escapism.
4． Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Nstalgia: Why We Shuld Avid Reflecting n the Past
B．Nstalgia: A Shelter Against the Unhappiness f Our Life
C．A Nstalgia Warning: Our Mental Health Being Attacked
D．Pwer f Nstalgia: Struggling fr an Irreplaceable Present
E
（2025届山东省实验中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试题）
Fr smething designed t streamline cmmunicatin, crprate jargn (行话) ften des the ppsite—leaving many emplyees cnfused and excluded.
A survey f mre than 8,000 wrking prfessinals acrss eight cuntries fund that 58 percent feel their fellw emplyees veruse jargn. If given the pprtunity, nearly half f them wuld remve its usage since interpreting their meanings “causes stress and slws dwn prductivity”.
Yet, we keep using it. Then why des it cntinue t exist?
“Language isn’t just abut sharing infrmatin. It’s scial,” said Daria Bahtina, a lecturer frm the University f Califrnia Ls Angeles. “When we speak, we’re perfrming relatinships, identities, and psitins,” she explained. This isn’t limited t managers r crprate departments. Bahtina nted specialized language pps up wherever peple gather, fr example, in a team f sftware engineers, r even a neighbrhd bk club after their third bttle f wine.
In additin, jargn is a means f exclusiveness. “Shared jargn can develp a sense f identity and cmmunity,” said Eric Anicich, assciate prfessr at the USC’s Marshall Schl f Business. Anicich and his team cnducted research that shws hw ffice jargn is emplyed t draw invisible lines between insiders and utsiders. Accrding t their findings, lwer-status individuals are mre likely t use jargn in evaluative situatins—nt t clarify their message but t signal intelligence and cmpetence.
S, where d we g frm here? When asked abut his psitin n jargn, Anicich replied, “Jargn is used as a tl—it’s nt naturally gd nr bad, s it depends n hw and when yu use it.”
In fact, jargn is integrated int everyday life in ways we barely ntice. Bahtina mentins hw fans f medical dramas wh have never set ft in a hspital can still understand phrases like “cde blue”. “This desn’t mean that they can perfrm surgery; it shws hw jargn can flw beynd its rigin and becme part f everyday speech,” she says.
Rather than ging t extremes, experts agree that it’s best t questin whether jargn is being used apprpriately. If ur vcabulary is building walls instead f bridges, it may be time t circle back—and rethink hw we speak at wrk.
1．Why wuld emplyees stp using jargn if pssible?
A．They find it less helpful.B．They think it is used t ften.
C．They prefer diverse expressins.D．They intend t expand its meanings.
2．Wh is mre likely t use jargn accrding t the text?
A．A friend in the bar.B．An emplyer n vacatin.
C．A custmer ver the phne.D．An applicant in an interview.
3．What is Eric Anicich’s attitude tward jargn?
A．Appreciative.B．Unprejudiced.C．Disapprving.D．Indefinite.
4．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Jargn: hated but usedB．Applying jargn, raising dubt
C．Jargn: a universal deviceD．Using jargn, building bridges
F
(2025届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学5月高考仿真模拟考试英语试卷)
A grwing number f cmpanies are building humanid rbts, and these mechanical lk-alikes are starting t appear in car factries and delivery places. Sme businesses even prmise rbts fr hme use. Yet ne big questin still has n answer: Why bther? Why make a rbt in a human shape when it culd take any imaginable frm?
The usual answer is that humanid rbts culd, in principle, handle any physical jbs a persn can. But that “in principle” is ding a lt f heavy lifting. If yu’ve watched vides f these rbts, yu’ll get it — they’re ften clumsy, awkward machines. Sure, the technlgy helping them stand and mve has cme a lng way, but they’re still nt as quick r graceful as humans. Meanwhile, rbts built fr a single jb — like an arm shifting gds between cnveyr belts (传送带) — are nw cmmnplace. Designed with ne purpse, they d it really well, unlike humanid rbts, which aim t d everything but ften master nthing.
Anther argument is that a human shape makes it easier fr peple t wrk with r cntrl rbts. This hlds sme water, especially since many f these machines still need skilled human peratrs. Cmpanies ften avid admitting this, calling it a shrt-term phase, but the dream f fully independent, AI-pwered humanid rbts — nes that match r beat human wrkers — remains a lng sht. Fr nw, what we’ve gt are human-shaped shells guided by peple behind the scenes. When Eln Musk intrduced Tesla’s Optimus rbt in 2021, he prudly claimed it culd teach, babysit, walk dgs, fetch grceries, r pur drinks. Yet thse rbts weren’t AI-driven, and each was cntrlled by a hidden human. Ntice a pattern? These tasks—lw-wage, service-riented jbs — suggest that, fr nw, humanid rbts just mask human effrt with a shiny surface.
Sme remte-cntrlled rbts serve real purpses, like in deep-sea explratin. But thse machines aren’t shaped like humans — they lk like capsules r small vehicles, and they wrk just fine. The idea that rbts must be human-shaped is a failure f imaginatin.
Yes, humanid rbts lk impressive. They remind us f the fantasies in science fictins where machines handle all difficult tasks. But tday, they are mstly marketing tls, masking human labr. And a rbt that desn’t truly imprve life is missing the pint.
1．What des the underlined phrase “hlds sme water” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Prvides sufficient evidence.B．Makes much sense.
C．Is partly reasnable.D．Is widely accepted.
2．Why des the authr mentin Tesla’s Optimus rbt?
A．T prve humanid rbts are better.B．T highlight its impressive technlgy.
C．T shw it can replace human wrkers.D．T suggest it is in the charge f humans.
3．What is the authr’s attitude tward humanid rbts?
A．Skeptical.B．Optimistic.C．Neutral.D．Cautius.
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．When Humanid Rbts Miss PtentialB．Hw Humanid Rbts Miss Gals
C．What Humanid Rbts Lack NwD．Why Humanid Rbts Fall Shrt
G
(2025届重庆市西南大学附属中学高三下学期阶段检测十英语试题)
Ariel Prcaccia has thught a lt abut hw t cut a cake ver the last 15 years. As the father f three children, he knws hw hard it is t divide a birthday cake t everyne’s satisfactin. But it’s als because Prcaccia’s wrk fcuses n explring the mathematical rules fr dividing stuff up fairly.
Fr decades, researchers have been asking the seemingly simple questin f hw t cut a cake fairly. The answer reaches far beynd birthday parties. At its cre, it’s a mathematical prblem that reflects brader issues f fairness, and s draws interest frm mathematicians, ecnmists, and scial scientists alike.
The simplest apprach is called the “divider-chser” methd, where ne persn cuts the cake int tw equal pieces in his view, and the ther persn picks first. Each receives a piece that they feel is as valuable as the ther’s. But when persnal preferences are taken int accunt, even the easiest rule becmes cmplicated. Fr example, Alice and Bb are t divide a cake, and Alice knws Bb prefers chclate. She may knwingly divide the cake unequally s the smaller piece cntains mre chclate. Then Bb will chse accrding t his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Bth f them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning f fairness changes in this situatin.
The cake is a symbl fr any divisible gd. When cake-cutting principles are emplyed t settle disagreements, they are ptentially helping the wrld find slutins. Prcaccia has used fair divisin algrithms (算法) t mdel fd distributin. Scial scientist Haris Aziz is explring situatins ranging frm hw t divide up daily tasks t hw t best schedule dctrs’ shifts in hspitals.
Even after decades f investigatin, cake-cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle with a well-defined slutin. Instead, ver time, it has evlved int a kind f mathematical sandbx, a cnstructive playgrund that brings tgether abstract prfs and easy applicatins. The mre researchers explre it, the mre there is t explre.
1．Why is Prcaccia interested in cake-cutting?
A．Family duty and wrk fcus.B．Cake art and prfessinal quality.
C．Hbby drive and skill imprvement.D．Status pursuit and ecnmic benefits.
2．What can we learn abut fairness frm the example in paragraph 3?
A．Its standard is stable.B．It prevents unequal divisin.
C．Its cncept is cmplex.D．It dminates persnal preferences.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut cncerning cake-cutting?
A．The prblems it prduces.B．The details f its prcess.
C．The applicatin f its rules.D．The harmny it symblizes.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Cutting Cakes and Making FriendsB．The Math Behind Fair Cake-cutting
C．Why Kids Always Argue Over CakesD．A Sweet Way t Slve Math Prblems
H
（2026届四川省绵阳南山中学高三“零诊”模拟考试英语试题）
A study by the Barcelna Supercmputing Center (BSC) identifies climate change as the key driver behind unprecedented shrt-term fd price spikes, with cascading (连锁的) effects n inflatin, health, and scial stability. Published ahead f the UN Fd Systems Summit in Ethipia, it highlights hw extreme weather linked t emissins disrupts crps, triggering rapid price surges in staples.​
Analyzing 50 glbal cases, the research fcuses n immediate impacts. In 2023-24, drught and extreme heat in cca giants Ghana and Côte d’Ivire pushed prices up 300%. India’s heatwave raised nin csts by 89%, while Suth Krea’s cabbage prices jumped 70% due t erratic (不稳定的) rainfall. Suthern Spain’s live il prices rse 50% after prlnged drught.​
Lead authr Maximilian Ktz ntes: “These shcks are histrically unprecedented — temperatures far exceed pre-industrial nrms.” Such vlatility (波动性) is 3-5 times mre frequent than in the 1980s.​
Develped ecnmies aren’t immune. The UK’s June 2024 inflatin hit 3.6% (abve the 3.4% frecast), driven by a third straight mnthly rise in fd prices — its highest in 18 mnths. “Extreme weather and pr harvests created a perfect strm,” says British Retail Cnsrtium’s Kris Hamer.​
Ktz warns f brader risks: “Rising fd prices are the secnd mst visible climate impact, after extreme heat. This stress sways electins, as seen in last year’s US vte.”​
The study stresses urgency in reaching net-zer emissins. “Every degree f warming raises risks f catastrphic (灾难性的) price shcks,” Ktz cncludes. “We’re fighting fr fd security and scial chesin.”
1．Which is NOT a cnsequence f climate-driven fd price spikes?​
A．Scial unrest​.B．Higher inflatin in develped natins​.
C．Reduced staple cnsumptin​.D．Altered plitical utcmes​.
2．The UK’s inflatin data implies ________.​
A．Develped natins avid fd price shcks​
B．Climate impacts hit develping cuntries harder​
C．Fd inflatin destabilizes even strng ecnmies​
D．The Bank f England cntrlled inflatin effectively​
3．The authr’s attitude tward the study’s findings is ________.
A．skeptical​B．alarmed​C．indifferent​D．ptimistic​
4．Which best captures the passage’s central theme?​
A．Technlgy’s rle in climate mitigatin​.
B．Extreme weather and supply chain disruptins​.
C．Climate change’s immediate impact n fd and sciety​.
D．UN effrts t address fd security.
I
(24-25高三上·浙江嘉兴第一中学·二模)
The Himalayan wlf and snw lepard are tp predatrs (捕食者) in alpine ecsystems. Acrss the diverse landscapes f the Asian highlands, herding (放牧) cmmunities exhibit varying attitudes tward snw lepards and wlves. Althugh snw lepards cause greater livestck lss, these cmmunities generally shw greater tlerance and acceptance tward snw lepards. This illustrates the predatr paradx, where the mre damaging predatr is cntradictrily mre tlerated.
Attitude tward snw lepards and wlves in the Himalayas are shaped by factrs like religin and culture. Snw lepards hld significant cultural and spiritual value, especially in Buddhism. Lcal flk tales bst snw lepards’ awe, prtraying them as hly beings linked t spiritual beliefs f the cmmunities. In cntrast t the awe fr snw lepards, wlves are widely disliked and feared. This negative view stems frm flklre, where wlves are prtrayed as sly (狡猾的) and merciless predatrs. These tales shape public view, fstering hstility (敌意) and fear tward wlves.
Cnservatin effrts in the Himalayas primarily cncentrate n snw lepards, ften verlking ther sympatric carnivres (食肉动物), like wlves. Cnsequently, prgrams fr ppulatin mnitring, habitat preservatin, and livestck insurance mainly benefit snw lepards, leaving wlves with minimal attentin r resurces. Additinally, key plicy dcuments priritize snw lepard cnservatin effrts, neglecting the eclgical significance f wlves. This mistake slws dwn carnivre prtectin and makes lcal cmmunities feel bitter tward wlves.
Interestingly, this difference exists despite bth snw lepard and Himalayan wlf being glbally classified as Vulnerable n the IUCN Red List.
Bth snw lepards and wlves are crucial t the Himalayan ecsystem, but cnservatin has verwhelmingly favred snw lepards. This imbalance in attentin and resurces wrsens the challenges faced by wlves, highlighting the need fr a balanced apprach t cnserve bth species effectively.
1． What phenmenn des the “predatr paradx” describe in paragraph 1?
A．Tp predatrs always cause livestck lss.
B．Mre harmful predatrs are mre accepted lcally.
C．Lcals tlerate different tp predatrs equally.
D．Cnservatin fcuses n mre tlerated predatrs.
2． Hw d Himalayan herding cmmunities view wlves?
A．As sacred Buddhist beings.
B．As tricky, fearsme hunters.
C．Less threatening than snw lepards.
D．As necessary cntributrs t the ecsystem.
3．What effect may the verlk f wlf cnservatin have?
A．It puts snw lepards in danger.
B．It wrsens lcals’ bitterness f wlves.
C．It imprves the alpine ecsystem balance.
D．It slws the prtectin f carnivres verall.
4． What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Why Prtect Snw Lepards Mre?
B．Wh’s Mre Tlerated?
C．Hw t Save Wlves?
D．Where’s the Balance?
J
(25-26高三上·江西景德镇·期中)
Carbn stred thusands f years ag is being released by rivers wrldwide, accrding t the findings that suggest human activities are damaging the natural landscape mre than previusly thught.
Researchers already knew rivers release carbn dixide and methane as part f the glbal carbn cycle. They are thught t send ut arund tw billin tnnes f this carbn each year. But when Jsh Dean frm the University f Bristl, UK, and his clleagues set ut t determine hw ld this carbn really is, they fund that apprximately 60% f the carbn released by rivers wrldwide actually riginated frm stres dating back thusands f years. The team used radiactive dating t assess the age f carbn and methane released frm mre than 700 river parts acrss 26 cuntries.
“What really astnished us, when we cllected all the data we culd get, was that mre than half f the carbn being released wuld be cming frm these much lder carbn stres,” says Dean. “There is a srt f cntinuus change, r sideways flw, f these ld carbn stres.”
Ancient carbn is trapped in rcks, peatlands (泥炭地) and wetlands. The findings suggest that as much as ne billin tnnes f it is being released back int the atmsphere each year thrugh rivers. That means plants and sils are remving arund ne billin tnnes mre CO₂ frm the atmsphere each year than first thught, t cunter this impact.
“The pressing questin nw is why rivers are releasing s much ancient carbn. It culd be due t climate change and ther human activities disrupting the natural landscape,” says Dean. Fr example, rising temperatures caused by climate change culd be triggering the release f carbn frm thawing permafrst, r accelerating the rate f rck weathering. Other activities, such as the draining (排空) f peatlands r drying ut f wetlands, culd als be cntributing.
The findings will have implicatins fr hw natins draw up their climate plans, by determining hw much they rely n the natural landscape t remve nging CO₂ emissin (排放).
1． Hw did Jsh Dean feel abut the findings?
A．Amused.B．Surprised.C．Ashamed.D．Depressed.
2． Which f the fllwing primarily address the carbn emissin frm rivers?
A．The researchers.B．The 26 cuntries.
C．Plants and sils.D．Ancient carbn stres.
3． What may Jsh Dean advise peple t d?
A．Explre rivers.B．Prtect wetlands.
C．Make mre plans.D．Release ancient carbn.
4． What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Scientists discver the new secrets f carbn
B．Old rivers cntribute t glbal climate change
C．Human activities damage glbal carbn cycle
D．Ancient carbn frm rivers reveals climate impact
K
(2025届广东省深圳市高级中学高三5月高考适应性考试英语试题)
What d yu d as spring sets in? Taking ff yur warm winter cat, and putting it away? Fr humans, taking ff winter cats is a ne-minute task. As it turns ut, nt all animals are s capable.
Snwshe rabbits live in the muntain ranges f Nrth America, and have a pure white cat during the wintertime t match the snwy surrundings and t help avid being caught. And they take ff winter cats fr a darker brwn fur clur t match the dirt and leaves after the snw melts in the spring. Sunds like a great way t escape frm their natural enemies, right? Hwever, cncern begins when scientists begin lking at hw the warming climate will impact the rabbits.
There are mre and mre white rabbits in the middle f a brwn habitat, where the snw has already melted away. This is a prblem fr them, as they are mre easily seen by their natural enemies, giving them a “mismatch” prblem. Snwshe rabbits time the cat change in spring frm white t brwn based n the change in day length, nt the temperature r the presence f snw in their habitat. Nwadays, the snw is melting a week n average befre the change in day length signals the change in cat clur, leaving the rabbits expsed t their natural enemies.
Sme predictins put the rabbits in up t 8 weeks f a white cat in a brwn, snwless habitat by the end f this century. This timeline culd spell dm fr their ppulatins, as their natural enemies will have nearly tw mnths f easily sptting them.
Frtunately, scientists have fund areas with snwshe rabbits in clur frm white t brwn in the same place, meaning the timing f the cat change can be influenced by the envirnment. Snwshe rabbits reprduce quickly, and if the clur change timing is passed dwn then it is pssible fr rabbits t change cats accrdingly. By prtecting areas with variable nes, we can give snwshe rabbits the pprtunity t adapt t the changing climate.
1．Why des the authr mentin humans’ taking ff winter cats?
A．T imply the cleverness f humans.
B．T stress the influence f climate change.
C．T lead t the prblem f snwshe rabbits.
D．T shw the bnd between humans and animals.
2．What has made scientists wrry abut snwshe rabbits?
A．They are active in freezing winter.
B．They fail t keep their white clur.
C．They can’t get rid f white fur when snw melts.
D．They are easily caught by hunters n snwy days.
3．What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?
A．Mre rabbits will be killed.
B．Rabbits’ enemies are strnger.
C．The rabbit ppulatin will explde.
D．The rabbits may die ut in the near future.
4．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Snwshe Rabbits: Masters f Cat Change.
B．Snwshe Rabbits: Survivrs f Illegal Hunting.
C．Snwshe Rabbits: Victims f Climate Mismatch.
D．Snwshe Rabbits: Witnesses f Natural Selectin.
L
(2025届重庆市南开中学高三下学期5月质量检测八英语试卷)
In 2018, the Czech gvernment prpsed a prject t create a dam n a river suthwest f Prague t revive the lcal ecsystem and prtect the species that inhabit the river. Hwever, bureaucracy (官僚主义) held back the prject. But a clny f beavers (河狸), wh d nt care abut paperwrk, gt t wrk. That is, they simply used stnes, wd and mud t build a dam n the river. Because there were n labr r material csts, the beavers have saved the Czech gvernment $1.2 millin USD．
These ecsystem engineers build dams with three simple materials: wd, mud and stnes. They place stnes at the base f the dams and then add tree trunks and branches. The mud acts as cement (水泥) and settles the cnstructin. These natural dams are s well built that they can last fr many years, allwing the surrunding ecsystem t flurish.
Sme peple cnsider these animals a nuisance, as they bite n trees and can change the envirnment quickly. Hwever, here are a few ways they benefit the envirnment. Firstly, Beaver dams encurage plant grwth and peat frmatin, which trap carbn, preventing it frm being released int the air. Secndly, Beaver dams can filter water almst twice as efficiently as human-built treatment plants. Besides, Beaver dams help t cntrl runff frm heavy rain, thus reducing the risk f flash flding. And as yu might expect, a mist area is less likely t burn. S, beaver dams can als help limit frest fires.
Hunting nearly drve this species t extinctin. But thanks t recent cnservatin effrts, beavers have been successfully reintrduced t several areas in Eurpe, including the Czech Republic. Gerhard Schwab, a beaver expert fr the Federal Nature Cnservatin Assciatin, returned delighted frm a field study f be aver habitats and enthusiastically annunced the discvery f a valley in Belgium filled with newly frmed pnds and streams. This is a clear example f the beaver’s ability t transfrm its envirnment. It seems that we still have a lt t learn frm these natural engineers!
1．Hw d the beavers build their dam?
A．By relying nly n cstly cement.B．By cmbining materials frm nature.
C．By fllwing human engineering plans.D．By using mdern cnstructin equipment.
2．What envirnmental benefit d beavers bring abut?
A．Cntrlling rainfall.B．Increasing fish species.
C．Reducing frest fire risks.D．Releasing carbn int the air.
3．Which factr cntributes t beavers’ reintrductin?
A．The transfrmatin f ecsystem.
B．The disappearance f human dams.
C．The cnstructin f dams acrss Eurpe.
D．The cnservatin effrts t prtect them.
4．What is the article mainly abut?
A．Beavers are excellent ecsystem engineers.
B．Animals can revive rivers thrugh their labr.
C．Beavers saved the Czech gvernment ne millin.
D．Natural dams are mre cst-efficient than human dams.
M
(25-26高三上·安徽芜湖镜湖区安徽师范大学附属中学·月考)
A 16th-century painting, Madnna and Child by Venetian artist Antni Slari, has becme the fcus f an internatinal legal battle after resurfacing in Britain. Stlen in 1973 frm a museum in Bellun, Italy, the artwrk was recvered in Austria alngside ther stlen pieces but later acquired by Barbara De Dzsa, a British wman, whse late husband purchased it “in gd faith” that year.
De Dzsa refuses t return the painting, citing Britain’s Limitatin Act 1980, which ensures legal wnership t buyers f stlen gds if purchased inncently and held fr ver six years. Hwever, Italian authrities and art lawyer Christpher Marinell argue the wrk remains stlen prperty. The painting was identified in 2017 when De Dzsa attempted t auctin (拍卖) it, drawing special attentin frm Inter-plice and Italian plice databases. Due t the delays fr sme unstppable reasn, Italy missed the deadline t submit legal dcuments, leading British plice t return the painting t De Dzsa in 2020.
Marinell, funder f Art Recvery Internatinal, insists the museum keeps legal wnership, stressing that British plice clearly denied transferring title t De Dzsa. The Bellun museum’s Carl Cavalli stressed this psitin again, stating pssessin des nt equal t wnership.
De Dzsa claims financial burdens t cntest the case, including $6,000 in legal fees and insurance csts, but Marinell cntradicts that the painting’s value ($60,000–$80,000) and illegal status render it unsellable. British plice cited Italy’s delayed respnse as a gd reasn fr releasing the artwrk t her.
The case underscres tensins between legal technical details and ethical bligatins in art wnership. Slari, active in Italy and pssibly England, has wrks displayed in Lndn’s Natinal Gallery, highlighting the cultural significance f reclaiming lst heritage. As legal effrts cntinue, the dispute remains unreslved, testing internatinal diplmatic manners fr recvering stlen art.
1． What happened t the painting Madnna and Child?
A．It was sld in 1973.B．It was fund in Italy.
C．It was stlen in Austria.D．It was auctined in 2020.
2． What empwers De Dzsa t defend her legal wnership?
A．The painting’s high restratin cst.
B．The Limitatin Act 1980 in British law.
C．The museum’s failure t reprt the theft timely.
D．Her late husband’s preference as an art cllectr.
3． Accrding t Marinell, why can’t De Dzsa sell the painting?
A．It remains stlen prperty under law.
B．Its market value is t lw t attract buyers.
C．British plice ban any auctin f the artwrk.
D．The museum has already reclaimed it thrugh legal means.
4． What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Challenges f Art Heritage Preservatin
B．A Stlen Painting’s Recvery Thrugh Eurpe
C．Ownership Dispute Under Different Legal Systems
D．A legal Battle Over a 16th-Century Stlen Masterpiece
N
(2025届湖南省长沙市天心区长沙市长郡中学高三下学期二模英语试题)
When smene prpses a false claim, what’s the best way t change their mind? A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, “bypassing (绕过)” the false claim with psitive cunter (反)-claims abut the tpic might be a better strategy.
The cnventinal respnse t smene presenting misinfrmatin is t present cunter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Plicy Center (APPC) put it, “The gld standard fr tackling misinfrmatin is usually a crrectin that actually rebuts the misinfrmatin.” Suppse, fr example, that yur dad passes back the rast ptates ver a family dinner, saying, “Are these GMOs (转基因产品)? Nah, dn’t want any mre physical reactins.” Yu might then say, “Actually, the health bdies f all the G7 agree that GMOs d nt cause reactins.” But that likely wn’t wrk. The APPC team cnducted six experiments where they cmpared actually crrecting smene with “bypassing” and fund that using evidence and facts t disprve smene tends t be far less successful at changing attitudes.
S, what is bypassing and why is it seemingly mre effective? Bypassing is where, instead f prviding sme negative disapprval f a claim, yu prvide psitive cunter-claims abut the tpic. Fr example, if smene tells yu that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billins t the wrld ecnmy. Bypassing means nt meeting yur misinfrmed ppnent head-n. This is nt a battle f arguments r the studies. Yu are pushing an argument int a different psitin. It’s using smene’s mvements and lgic against them.
There are limitatins t what the team at APPC has cncluded. Their study int bypassing was largely abut attitudes t plicies, nt abut belief change r belief crrectin. Smene might still believe that 5G kills birds r that GMOs cause reactins, but admit that thse are necessary bad things, cmpared t the psitive utcmes yu present them with.
S, bypassing isn’t the nly tl available, and it might nt even be the best if yur cncern is belief change. Changing smene’s belief is a cmplicated psychlgical tpic, and there is definitely n ne-size-fits-all strategy. When it cmes t plicy decisins and willingness t accept a certain technlgy r medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tl t add t yur kit.
1．What des the underlined wrd “rebuts” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Supprts.B．Ignres.C．Cntradicts.D．Prvides.
2．Which can be used as an example f “bypassing”?
A．GMOs are safe t eat because scientists say s.
B．GMOs can prduce higher utput with less cst.
C．5G desn’t kill birds, fr they shw n cnnectin.
D．5G kills birds, but their benefits utweigh the risks.
3．What d we knw abut the “bypassing” tl accrding t the text?
A．It is the mst reliable way.B．It may facilitate plicy-making.
C．It is effective in belief crrectin.D．It appears frequently in debates.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Negating the Claim: Des It Wrk?
B．Challenging Misinfrmatin: Bypass It!
C．Changing One’s Mind: Bypass It Indirectly!
D．Bypassing: A Better Way t Shift Attitudes!
O
(2026届广西壮族自治区南宁市名校联盟高三上学期一模英语试题)
As pressure grws t get artificial clrs ut f the U.S. fd supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampw’s labratry desk. Tampw is part f the team at Sensient Technlgies Crp., a tp dye-maker (色素生产商), helping thusands f U. S. businesses change clrs fr prducts like cereals and sprts drinks.
Last week, U. S. health fficials annunced plans t persuade fd cmpanies t vluntarily remve petrleum-based (石油基的) artificial dyes by the end f 2026. Health Secretary Rbert F. Kennedy Jr. called them “pisnus cmpunds” that endanger children’s health and develpment, citing limited evidence f ptential health risks.
But making the change frm the petrleum-based dyes t clrs taken frm vegetables, fruits, flwers and even insects wn’t be easy, fast, r cheap, said Mnica Giusti, an Ohi State University fd clr expert. “If all cmpanies were t remve artificial clrs frm their prducts, the supply f the natural alternatives wuld nt be enugh,” Giusti said.
“It’s nt like there’s 150 millin punds f beet juice sitting arund waiting n the ff chance the whle market may switch,” said Paul Manning, the cmpany’s chief executive. Natural dyes are harder t make and use than artificial clrs. They are less cnsistent in clr, less stable and subject t changes related t acidity, heat, and light. Als, a natural clr csts abut 10 times mre t make than the artificial versin.
In 2016, fd giant General Mills remved artificial dyes frm Trix cereal, switching t natural surces. But the cereal lst its nen clrs and became less vibrant, resulting in cnsumers’ negative reactin. Trix fans said they missed the bright clrs and familiar taste f the cereal. In 2017, the cmpany switched back.
Kennedy, the health secretary, said U. S. fficials have an “understanding” with fd cmpanies t phase ut artificial clrs. Industry fficials tld The Assciated Press that there is n frmal agreement. Hwever, several cmpanies have said they plan t accelerate a shift t natural clrs in sme f their prducts.
1．What can be inferred abut Abby Tampw’s wrk?
A．She wrks t replace artificial clrs.B．She develps a new artificial clr.
C．She markets cereals and sprts drinks.D．She researches health risks f clrs.
2．Why are health fficials urging the remval f petrleum-based dyes?
A．T lwer the prductin csts.B．T prevent pssible health risks.
C．T prmte natural alternatives.D．T push fd cmpanies’ refrm.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Why natural dyes are hard t make.B．Which dyes are mre ppular.
C．What limitatins natural dyes have.D．Hw natural dyes are prduced.
4．What can be learned abut General Mills’ attempt?
A．Health is a tp cncern in fd cmpanies.
B．Clr is a pwerful driver f cnsumer behavir.
C．Taste is the decisive factr in the fd sales.
D．Surce is the pririty in fd clr research.