2026年高考英语题型专练(全国通用)题型03阅读理解词义猜测题：破译上下文密码，巧解生词难关(原卷版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语题型专练(全国通用)题型03阅读理解词义猜测题：破译上下文密码，巧解生词难关(原卷版+解析)，共12页。试卷主要包含了 词义猜测题， 句意猜测题， 代词指代题， 利用上下文语义等内容，欢迎下载使用。
题型简介
词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的基础且关键的题型，它重点考查考生在具体语境中推断生词、短语，句子或代词指代含义的能力。与依赖词汇记忆不同，该题型要求考生通过分析上下文线索（如定义、解释、同反义关系、举例或逻辑因果）来进行合理推断。其答案通常不会直接呈现，而是隐含在字里行间，需要考生进行逻辑分析和信息整合。常见考查对象包括生词、熟词生义、短语及代词指代。掌握此题型，不仅能提升应试能力，更有助于培养真正的语篇理解能力。
设题类型&命题方式
1. 词义猜测题：词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力,这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有:What des...” in t? What's clsest in meaning t “...” in para the underlined wrd/phrase “graph. .. ? Which f the fllwing best explains “... " underlined in Which expressin can best replace the underlined wrd/phrase “. ..”in
2. 句意猜测题：高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有:What des the underlined expressin/sentence“...”in
3. 代词指代题：代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有:What des the underlined wrd “that/this/it/...” in paragraph. .. refer t?
解题思路
1： 词义猜测题解题思路
解答词义猜测题的核心原则是 “瞻前顾后”——即紧密依托上下文语境，通过分析逻辑关系、语法结构、构词法和同义/反义线索来进行合理推断，而非依赖词汇的字典释义。
核心心法：语境为王，线索为纲。永远记住，答案藏在生词的“左邻右舍”里。你的任务就是成为一名侦探，在上下文中寻找所有可能的线索。
1. 利用逻辑关系：通过识别上下文中的逻辑信号词来推断词义。
转折关系 (but, hwever, yet)：画线词的意思通常与信号词后的意思相反或形成对比。
因果关系 (because, s, therefre)：结果或原因部分常能解释画线词的涵义。
对比关系 (while, unlike, in cntrast)：通过对比双方的反义关系来推测词义。
并列或选择关系 (and, r, similarly, therwise)：连接的内容意思相近或提供选择范围，可相互参照。
2. 利用语法与标点：某些语法结构和标点符号直接提供了解释说明的线索。
定义与解释 (be called, mean, refer t, that is)：信号词后的内容是对画线词的直接定义。
同位语与定语从句：通常对前面的画线词进行补充说明或解释。
举例说明 (such as, fr example, like)：例子所体现的共同特征揭示了画线词的含义。
标点符号 (冒号、破折号、括号)：这些符号后面的内容常是对画线词的进一步解释。
3. 利用构词法：通过分析单词的构成部分来推测词义。
合成词：将各组成部分（通常是两个熟悉的单词）的意思综合起来。
例如：heartbreaking = heart (心) + breaking (打破) → 令人心碎的
派生词：将词根的含义与前缀、后缀的含义相结合。
例如：unpredictable = un- (不) + pre- (前) + dict (说) + -able (能…的) → 无法预言的
4. 利用上下文语义：通过寻找上下文中与画线词形成同义、近义或反义关系的词语或句子来推断。
2. 句意猜测题解题思路
解题核心在于紧扣上下文，通过“定位-寻找-分析-对比”四步法，推断画线句的深层含义。
第一步：定位：返回原文，精确找到画线句所在位置。
第二步：寻找：以画线句为中心，向前后文辐射，寻找与之存在逻辑或语义关联的信息句。这些句子是推敲句意的直接依据。
第三步：分析：仔细研读找到的信息句，分析与画线句之间的逻辑关系（如因果、解释、转折、举例等），并据此进行合理推断，初步理解画线句的语境意义。
第四步：对比：将分析得出的句意与各个选项进行仔细比对。正确选项并非字面直译，而是能与上下文信息相互印证、意义吻合的同义转述或合理引申。需排除那些偏离核心语义、过度解读或与文意相悖的干扰项。
3. 代词指代题解题思路
核心原则与定位：解答此类题型，首要任务是精确定位画线代词在文中的位置。需谨记一个关键语法规则：代词永远出现在其所指代的原词（即先行词）之后。因此，解题范围应锁定在画线词之前的上文。
核心方法：就近原则与逻辑分析：解题的核心方法是 “就近原则” 。在绝大多数情况下，代词所指代的内容是离它最近的、在语法和逻辑上相匹配的名词或名词性短语。解题时，应优先在同一句子或前一句中寻找可能的指代对象。
系统解题步骤
1. 判断类型：首先识别画线代词的类型，常见考向包括人称代词（如it, they）、指示代词（如this, that）、不定代词（如sme, anther）和关系代词（如which, that）。不同类型的代词，其指代特点和范围略有不同。
2. 向前搜寻：根据“就近原则”，在画线词之前的上文中，由近及远地寻找与代词在单复数、性别、人称上保持一致的候选名词。
3. 分析概括：找到候选词后，需分析其与画线词所在句子的逻辑关系。特别是指示代词（如this/that），它们所指代的可能不是一个单一名词，而是前文所述的整个事件、观点或情况。此时需要对前文信息进行准确的概括与归纳。
4. 代入验证：最后，将确定的指代内容代入原句中替换掉画线代词，通读检查其是否能使句子意思完整、逻辑通顺。这是验证答案是否正确无误的关键一步。
考向01 词义猜测题
【例1-1】(安徽省A10联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选)
“We all knw the feeling f hearing a sng and suddenly being taken back t a past mment,” explained Safiyah Nawaz frm Gldsmiths University in Lndn. “Our study shws that qualities f the music itself — such as hw energetic, lud, r acustic it is — are cnnected t the emtins and clarity f thse memries.”
Scientists have lng knwn that music can cnjure strng memries. What’s new is hw the emtinal qualities f music are linked t memry, which culd help in medical treatments, such as helping peple with dementia (痴呆) r Alzheimer’s disease. Music therapies are already used with patients, ften reducing anxiety and imprving their relatinships with caregivers.
T explre this further, researchers surveyed 233 peple aged 18 t 76. Participants were asked abut memries cnnected t bth their favrite sngs and ppular hits frm their teenage years. Previus research suggests that arund age 14, peple frm the strngest music-related memries.
1. What des the underlined wrd “cnjure” in Paragraph 3 mst likely mean?
A．Hld back.B．Search fr.
C．Put dwn.D．Bring abut.
【答案】D
【详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段 "Our study shws that qualities f the music itself - such as hw energetic, lud, r acustic it is- are cnnected t the emtins and clarity f thse memries.(我们的研究表明，音乐本身的特质(比如其能量感、音量的大小或者原生化程度)与那些记忆所引发的情绪以及清晰度之间存在着关联)”以及划线词后文“What's new is hw the emtinal qualities f music are linked t memry, which culd help in medical treatments, such as helping peple with dementia (痴果)r Alzheimer's disease. Music therapies are already used with patients, ften reducing anxiety and imprving their relatinships with caregivers.(新的发现在于音乐所蕴含的情感特质与记忆之间存在着怎样的关联，这一发现或许能为医疗治疗带来帮助，比如有助于治疗痴呆症或阿尔茨海默病忠者。音乐疗法已经在患者中得到应用，通常能减轻患者的焦虑情绪，并改善他们与护理人员之间的关系)”可知，上下文提到“听到一首歌突说明音乐能“唤起”强烈记忆。故划线词意思是“引起;促成”，与Bring abut意义相近。故选D。然回到过去的时刻”，
【例1-2】（福建省龙岩市九校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选）
As an audi engineer with tw decades f experience, Patrick Helen has lng been captivated by hw sund shapes human emtin. But it was a 2018 encunter with a deaf teenager — wh described music as “a blank space” despite feeling bass vibratins at cncerts — that sparked his missin: t turn invisible sund int tangible tuch, letting the hearing-impaired “hear” music thrugh their skin.
After three years f research and develpment (R&D) and 117 prttype iteratins, Helen unveiled the TactiSund Suit in 2021. The lightweight, wearable suit is embedded with 24 micr-vibratin sensrs, each calibrated t capture distinct sund frequencies: lw bass ntes trigger gentle rumblings in the waistband, mid-range meldies pulse n the frearms, and high-pitched harmnies create subtle vibratins near the shulders. A wireless receiver cnnects the suit t any audi surce — frm cncert speakers t smartphnes — cnverting sund waves int precise tactile signals in real time.
1. What des the underlined wrd “calibrated” in Paragraph 2 mst likely mean?
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的 “each calibrated t capture distinct sund frequencies: lw bass ntes trigger gentle rumblings in the waistband, mid-range meldies pulse n the frearms, and high-pitched harmnies create subtle vibratins near the shulders(每个传感器都经过calibrated，以捕捉不同的声音频率:低音音符会触发腰带外的轻微动，中音旅律会在前臂产生脉冲感，高音和声则会在肩膀附近形成细微振动)"可知，传感器能精准对应不同频率的声音，说明其经过了“精心调整”。划线词与“Carefully adjusted(精心调整)”同义。故选B项。
解｜题｜技｜巧
定位上下文，寻找逻辑线索
立即回到划线词所在的句子，并精读其前后相邻的句子。
例1-1中，通过前文“歌曲让人回到过去”和后文“用于治疗痴呆”的线索，推断出“cnjure”与“唤起记忆”相关。
例1-2中，通过冒号后的详细解释“捕捉不同频率…低音触发…中音脉冲…高音振动”，推断出“calibrated”意为“被精确调整”。
识别具体的解释关系
定义或重述：寻找that is, in ther wrds等信号词，或破折号、冒号，其后的内容常直接解释词义。
举例说明：such as, fr example后面的例子能揭示抽象词汇的具体内涵。
因果或功能描述：说明某事物“用于…”或“能带来…效果”的句子，可以揭示核心动词或形容词的含义。
代入验证，确保最佳匹配
将选定的词义代回原文，通读检查是否能使句意通顺、逻辑连贯。
最终选择的必须是所有选项中，与上下文语境契合度最高的那一个。
注｜意｜事｜项
切忌望文生义：绝不能脱离语境，仅凭单词的常见含义或个人感觉答题。例如，仅因“cnjure”常见意为“变魔术”而选“变出”就是典型错误。
警惕“伪合理”干扰项：干扰项往往与划线词有某种微弱的关联，或能与句子主干勉强搭配，但一旦结合全文语境，便会发现其不合理。解题时必须严格遵循文本证据。
把握词性及感情色彩：初步判断划线词的词性（动词、名词等）和在文中的感情色彩（积极/消极），能有效缩小选择范围，快速排除明显不符的选项。
【变式1-1】(四川省泸州市三校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题节选)
In 2016, researchers frm Clumbia, Harvard, and Gergetwn cnducted a study t figure it ut. They fund busy peple are perceived t be f high status, and interestingly, these status attributins are heavily influenced by ur wn beliefs abut scial mbility. In ther wrds, the mre we believe that ne has the pprtunity fr success based n hard wrk, the mre we tend t think that peple wh skip leisure and wrk all the time are f higher standing.
That’s why we feel like we have t appear busy, and there’s a real perceptin that if smene is knee-deep in meetings, emails, and stress, then they’re prbably a big deal. This culture f busyness is making it hard fr emplyees t find wrk-life balance. Accrding t a recent study, ne in five highly engaged emplyees is at risk f burnut.
1. What des the underlined phrase “knee-deep in” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Bred with.B．Wrried abut.
C．Fully invlved in.D．Very interested in.
【答案】C
【详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“That's why we feel like we have t appear busy(这就是为什么我们总觉得自己必须表现得很忙)”和下文"This culture f busyness is making it hard fr emplyees t find wrk-ife balance.(这种"忙碌文化”让员工很难找到工作与生活的平衡点。)”可知，人们确实普遍认为，要是有人深陷会议、邮件和压力之中，那他很可能是个重要人物。由此可知，knee-deep in意思是"深陷于”选项C“Fully invlved in”意思是“完全参与其中”，符合语境。故选C。
【变式1-2】(25-2江西省南昌市2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷)
At that pint, it hit me: this cat lved me. The cat I didn’t want, the cat I culdn’t bear t take care f when his life depended n it, lved me. And he wuld always lve me. N matter what was ging n in my life, Cmet wuld still lk up frm a nap when I entered the rm, wuld still lve t be tuched by me.
I believe lve is steadfast. I believe that real lve, whether it cmes frm yur families, r a shelter cat, is ffered determinedly and uncnditinally. Lve is what enables us t pick up the pieces f ur brken lives and g n.
1. What des the underlined wrd “steadfast” in paragraph 6 mean?
A．Faithful.B．Rmantic.
C．Temprary.D．Unfrgettable.
【答案】 A
【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词的下一句"l believe that real lve, whether it cmes frm yur families, r a shelter cat, is ffered determinedly and uncnditinally. (我相信，真正的爱，无论是来自你的家人，还是来自收容所的猫，都是坚定而无条件的)可知，此时作者感受到了爱，认为爱是坚定的，忠诚的。由此可知，划线词的意思与faithful相近。故选A项。
考向02 句意猜测题
【例2-1】（湖南省长沙市长郡中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题）
Researcher Peter Ma develped an AI system t examine telescpe data and distinguish between pssible alien signals and interference. His team simulated bth types f nise and trained the AI t identify them. Mr Ma says that an alien signal can, fr example, nly appear when we pint ur telescpes at it and disappear when we pint away. The prject has already identified eight ptential alien signals that went undetected by traditinal analysis. Hwever, Mr Ma believes that as the bservatins haven’t yet been repeated, they are prbably false psitives.
It’s early days, and any prmising results generated by AI need t be cnfirmed by ther bservatins, r by physics-based mdels, befre they can be shuted frm the rftps. But as mre and mre data are cllected and analyzed, the chances f detecting alien life — if it exists — are increasing all the time.
1. What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．Befre they can be made public.
B．Befre they can be put int massive use.
C．Befre they can be generated by physicists.
D．Befre they can be cnfirmed under bservatin.
【答案】A
【详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段提到 “It's early days, and any prmising results generated by Al need t be cnfirmed by ther bservatins, r by physics-based mdels, befre they can be shuted frm the rftps.(现在还处于早期阶段，人工智能产生的任何有希望的结果都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来证实，然后才能在屋顶上大声喊出来。)”意思是现在还为时尚早，任何由 A1 产生的有希望的结果在被公开宣布之前，都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来确认。“shuted frm the rftps”在这里表示公开宣布，A 选项Befre they can be made public.“在它们可以公开之前”符合语境。故选A项。
【例2-2】（湖南省多校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题）
Art can have incredible pwer ver us. Yet even the mst timeless and celebrated pieces can be ruined by the march f the centuries. Turning back the clck can be cmplicated —— scientifically and culturally. It requires a set f skills ranging frm archaelgy t chemistry.
Cnservatin starts with material analysis, whether the artwrk is a clth, sculpture, r painting. One apprach was t remve a tiny piece f paint frm an artwrk t analyze layers f paint and see hw the artist riginally cnstructed it. But, increasingly, art cnservatin scientists have been able t adpt technlgies t make the analysis prcess less invasive? They ften brrw these technlgies frm ther fields, ntably the medical field. CT scanning fr instance, can help dctrs peer int bdies, but it can als help art cnservatin experts find tiny details in artwrks, such as fingerprints and tl marks that they culdn’t see with the naked eye —— withut damaging the wrk itself.
1. What can “turning back the clck” refer t in paragraph 1?
A．Admiring a timeless artwrk.
B．Restring an ancient masterpiece.
C．Creating a cpy f a celebrated sculpture.
D．Studying the histry f a famus painting.
【答案】B
【详解】 词句猜测题，根据第一段“Yet even the mst timeless and celebrated pieces can be ruined by the march f the centuries. Turning back the clck can be cmplicated —— scientifically and culturally”.(然而，即便是最永恒、最著名的艺术品，也可能因岁月流逝而受损。Turning back the clck 无论是在科学层面还是文化层面，都可能很复杂。)”可知，前文说艺术品因时间受损，后文提及修复需要多领域技能，故“Turning back the clck”指“修复古老的杰作”。故选B项。
解｜题｜技｜巧
定位关键，界定范围
首先精读包含划线短语的整个句子，并立即扩展到前后相邻的句子，这是推断词义最直接的语境。
分析逻辑，推断深层含义
短语的真正含义通常由其所在的因果、解释或转折等逻辑关系决定。
例2-1：短语 befre they can be shuted frm the rftps 处于明确的因果关系中。前句“需要被证实”是因，后句“才能被shuted frm the rftps”是果。由此推断，该短语与“公开宣布”相关。
例2-2：短语 turning back the clck 处于问题与解决方案的语境中。前文提出“艺术品随世纪变迁而损毁”的问题，后文则描述“修复所需的复杂技能”。由此推断，该短语意指“修复文物，使其恢复旧观”。
化形象为具体，匹配选项
英语习语常使用比喻。解题时需忽略其字面形象，抓住上下文赋予它的实际功能或含义。
最后，将理解出的具体含义与选项进行匹配，选择最直接、最准确的同义转述。
注｜意｜事｜项
绝对避免望文生义：这是解答此类题型的大忌。绝不能根据短语中个别单词的意思进行简单拼接（如将“shuted frm the rftps”直接理解为“在房顶上叫喊”），必须严格遵循上下文逻辑。
识别并依赖上下文信号：要敏锐识别并充分利用解释性语句（如冒号、破折号后的内容） 和逻辑连接词（如befre, but, because）。这些是破解短语含义的最可靠线索。
选择最契合语境的选项：正确选项不一定是短语的字典释义，而是在当前特定语境下最贴切、与前后文逻辑链条衔接最紧密的阐述。
【变式2-1】(2025高三·全国·专题练习节选)
When 76-year-ld Antinette-Marie Williams played 17-year-ld Emmett Daniels in chess fr the first time, she gave Daniels a run fr his mney. Paired thrugh DOROT, a New Yrk rganizatin which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a gd ppnent fr him. I dn’t think he expected it.” Williams tld the CVS Health blg Frtune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams t a crss-generatinal relatinship that they bth enjy. Williams and Daniels’ relatinship disprves the idea that peple f different generatins have little in cmmn.
1. What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．She had a running race with Daniels.B．Daniels felt disappinted.
C．Daniels had a tugh win.D．She gave Daniels mney as a gift f greeting.
【答案】C
【导语】词句猜测题。根据第一段中"" was a gd ppnent fr him .I dn't think he expected it.”(“对他来说，我是一个很好的对手。我想他也没想到会这样。”)可知，对于17岁的Emmet Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antinette-Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超,因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”选项C符合题意，故选C。
【变式2-2】(湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期8月月考英语试题节选)
Once again the Captain’s will wn. Silent, the men returned t their psts. But Captain Clumbus was wrried because he knew in his heart that a day wuld cme when his wrds wuld n lnger help. Befre that day, he wuld see land.
Nt an eye clsed that night. The Captain std n the high pp (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard t lk int the darkness ahead.
Then, tw hurs befre midnight, the miracle happened. A far-ff light struck his eyes. It wavered (摇曳) nce r twice, mving quickly n the hrizn, like a fisherman’s bat n the waves.
1. What’s the meaning f the underlined sentence “Nt an eye clsed that night”?
A．Captain Clumbus had been awake fr the whle night.
B．Captain Clumbus kept an eye clsed that night.
C．Captain Clumbus had ne eye pen that night.
D．Captain Clumbus had slept heavily fr the whle night.
【答案】A
【导语】词句猜测题，根据划线词后文 "The Captain std n the high pp (艉楼) and with sleepless eyes he tried hard t lk int the darkness ahead.(船长站在高高的艉楼上，用不眠的眼睛努力地望着前面的黑暗)”可知，船长整晚都站在艉楼上，努力地望着前面的黑暗，所以“Nt an eye clsed that night”意思是“哥伦布船长整晚都没有睡觉”故选A项。
考向03 代词指代题
【例3-1】（福建省泉州市第七中学2025学年高三上学期第一次返校考英语试卷节选）
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
1. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
C．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.s, the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.(然而，尽管有这些庆祝活动，但在美国，爵士乐的受众群体仍在不新缩减目年龄日趋老龄化，这种音乐也未能打动年轻一代。)”和第三段"it's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.(as n Mran的职责就是助力改变这一现状。)”可知，第三段中的that指代的是爵士乐在年轻人中受欢迎程度降低。故选B
【例3-2】（湖南省部分学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月大联考英语试卷节选）
Thugh many self-imprvement bks claim “imagine it and it will happen”, this is actually the ppsite f what yu shuld be ding. The best preparatin fr the future is t imagine the prcess — nt the utcme — f yur desired future event. One study shwed that when students imagined desired utcmes (gd grades fr an upcming test) they perfrmed significantly wrse than students wh imagined the prcess f getting t the desired utcmes (imagining studying thrughly). Perhaps nw yu have smething t keep in mind fr yur New Year’s reslutins?
1. What des “smething” underlined in the last paragraph prbably indicate?
A．Hw yu will achieve yur gal.B．What gal yu want t achieve.
C．What future events will affect yu.D．Hw future events will take place.
【答案】A
【详解】代词指代题。根据最后一段中“The best preparatin fr the future is t imagine the prcess — nt the utcme — f yur desired future event. One study shwed that when students imagined desired utcmes (gd grades fr an upcming test) they perfrmed significantly wrse than students wh imagined the prcess f getting t the desired utcmes (imagining studying thrughly)”.(为未来做最好的准备，是设想你所期望的未来事件的过程，而非其结果。一项研究表明，当学生设想期望的结果(即将到来的考试取得好成绩)时，他们的表现明显不如那些设想达到期望结果的过程(设想自己彻底学习)的学生)”可知，为未来做准备的最佳方式是想象实现目标的过程，而非结果。最后一段中划线词smething指的是如何实现目标，即想象实现目标的过程。故选A。
解｜题｜技｜巧
定位与前瞻：锁定上文
代词永远指向其上文（前文） 已出现的内容。解题时，应立刻在前一、两句中寻找线索。
应用就近原则与逻辑匹配
优先考虑与画线代词在空间上最近的名词、名词短语或句子，但必须确保其在单复数、性别和逻辑上与代词保持一致。
例3-1：that 作为单数代词，指代前文离它最近且逻辑完整的核心问题——“爵士听众减少并老龄化，未能连接年轻一代”，即“在年轻人中不受欢迎”的状况。
概括抽象概念
当代词（如this, that, smething）指代一个观点、方法或现象时，需要对前文信息进行准确的概括。
例3-2：smething 指代的不是某个具体名词，而是前文详细阐述的完整方法论——“为未来做最好的准备是想象过程而非结果”。因此，它指代的是“如何实现目标”这种方法。
代入验证
将确定的指代内容代入原句，通读检查是否使文意通顺、逻辑成立。这是验证答案的关键一步。
注｜意｜事｜项
避免“就近陷阱”
不能机械地选择离代词最近的那个词，而必须进行逻辑判断。要确保找到的指代内容能使句子意思完整。
区分具体与抽象
明确代词指代的是一个具体事物，还是一个抽象观点或方法。这决定了你是在寻找一个名词，还是需要概括一段论述。
关注指代内容的一致性
确保你找到的指代对象与代词在单复数、人称和逻辑主语上完全匹配。
【变式3-1】(2025高三·全国·专题练习节选)
•Built-in brain
Rads f the future may be able t knw hw many peple are n them. They culd send them updates n weather and traffic jams, and recharge electric cars as they drive.
This seems t be a dream, but ne American cmpany has almst made it cme true. By sensing the weight f a vehicle, the cmpany’s smart rads can track the speed f each wheel. “We are basically making very large tuchpads,” says Tim Sylvester, CEO f the cmpany. “But instead f lking fr fingers, ur rads lk fr tires.” After having cllected traffic data, the rads will send it t the drivers.
1. The underlined wrd “them” (in the “Built-in brain” sectin) refers t “_________”.
A．the radsB．the peple
C．the electric carsD．the traffic data
【答案】B
【详解】代词指代题。根据"Built-in brain"部分中的 "Rads f the future may be able t knw hw many peple are n them. They culd send them updates n weather and traffic jams.(未来的道路或许能知道有多少人在上面。它们(道路)可以向他们发送天气和交通拥者的最新信息。)”可知，前一个"them”指代“道路”，后一个"them”指代"在道路上的人”，因为道路发送信息的对象是“人”。故选B
【变式3-2】(2025高三·全国·专题练习)
“Plant-fr-the-Planet” came ut f a schl prject when Finkbeiner was a furth-grader. The tpic was climate change. T his nine-year-ld wrldview, that meant a danger t his favrite animal, the plar bear. The by began t d his research nline. Instead f infrmatin abut plar bears, he fund stries abut Wangari Maathai. The Kenyan wman had planted 30 millin trees in rder t fix the envirnment f her hmetwn. The effrt wn her the Nbel Peace Prize in 2004.
Finkbeiner realized that it was nt really abut saving plar bears. Instead, it was abut saving humans. He made a big decisin: t plant ne millin trees in Germany. He talked abut it with his schlmates and with his head teacher. N ne expected anything t cme f it, but the by was serius abut his gal. Tw mnths later, Finkbeiner planted his first tree, a crab apple (酸苹果树), near the entrance t his schl.
1. The underlined wrd “it”(in Paragraph 4)refers t “________”.
A．the plar bear.B．fighting climate change.
C．the 2004 Nbel Peace Prize.D．the furth-grade schl prject.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的 "The tpic was climate change. T his nine-year-ld wrldview, that meant a danger t his favrite animal, the plar bear.(主题是气候变化。在他九岁的世界观里，这意味着他最喜欢的动物--北极熊面临危险)及第四段中内"Finkbeiner realized that it was nt really abut saving plar bears. Instead, it was abut saving humans.(芬克拜纳意识到,这其实不是为了拯救北极熊，而是为了拯救人类)”可知，“it”指代前文的“应对气候变化”。故选B项。
专题01 高考真题练
A
(浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题)
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
1．What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Running ut f.B．Keeping away frm.
C．Putting up with.D．Taking advantage f.
2．Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A．T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B．T bring in freign species f plants.
C．T cnserve sil and water resurces.D．T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
3．Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A．Traditinal.B．Odd-lking.
C．Tasteful.D．Well-prtected.
4．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The future f gardening is WILD．B．Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C．Matrix gardens need mre CARE.D．Old garden plts wrk WONDERS.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“t garden mre like nature des”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away frm.”同义。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudlf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudlf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strmwater runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future f gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。
B
(2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题)
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw — several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
1．What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．If read by smene prly educated.B．If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C．If written by smene less cmpetent.D．If translated by smene unacademic.
2．What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A．It is packed with cmplex cdes.B．It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C．It prvides step-by-step instructins.D．It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
3．What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A．Observe existing regulatins n it.
B．Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C．Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D．Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T recmmend a bk n AI.B．T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C．T clarify the definitin f AI.D．T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
C
(2025年全国高考一卷英语真题)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cwby wh saved his twn, a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s, and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak after her parents rejected the lve f her yung life. Mre than nce, I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple, knew their subjects s well.
But things were different fr their first essay, which was abut the questin: “Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant. This wuld have t change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice. This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting. Fr the next tw assignments, a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp, I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre (体裁) and that it cntain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human.
1．Wh are the peple mentined at the beginning f paragraph 1?
A．Ninth graders.B．Students’ parents.
C．Mdern writers.D．Fictinal characters.
2．Why did the students perfrm prly in writing their first essay?
A．They were nt given enugh time.B．They had a very limited vcabulary.
C．They misunderstd the questin.D．They had little interest in the tpic.
3．What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Mixed.B．Amazing.C．Similar.D．Disturbing.
4．What des the authr’s experience shw?
A．Teaching is learning.B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knwledge is pwer.D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cwby wh saved his twn, a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s, and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak after her parents rejected the lve f her yung life. Mre than nce, I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple, knew their subjects s well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
D
(2024年新课标Ⅰ卷英语真题)
Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
1．What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Seem unlikely t last.B．Seem hard t explain.
C．Becme ready t use.D．Becme easy t ntice.
2．What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.B．Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C．Peple select digital texts randmly.D．Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
3．Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A．They can hld students' attentin.B．They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C．They help develp advanced skills.D．They are mre infrmative than text.
4．What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A．Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C．Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D．Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
1．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine thrugh应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallwing hypthesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallwing hypthesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
专题02 优秀模拟题
A
(25-26高三上·湖南湘东十二校联考·期中)
In the bitter cld f the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice culd becme the ideal way t send messages. Cmmunicating in these regins is easier said than dne, as the extreme sub-zer temperatures ften limit equipment with high energy demands. T slve this issue, scientists have pineered a plan t intrduce frzen bubbles messages as a new methd f cmmunicatin.
And the idea is mre than an exercise in frivlity, said Mengjie Sng, an expert in thermdynamics (热力学) at the Beijing Institute f Technlgy and ne f the lead authrs f the new study published in the scientific jurnal Cell Reprts Physical Science. “It is a ttally new methd fr humans t recrd infrmatin,” Dr. Sng said. He and his clleagues fund that they culd prduce different shapes f air pckets in the ice sheet. Thse shapes culd be turned int Mrse cde (莫尔斯电码), which relies n dashes and dts. A camera captured the sequence f shapes, which were subsequently prcessed by a cmputer and translated int English letters and Arabic numerals. Researchers acknwledged, hwever, that much mre wrk wuld have t be dne t make such applicatins feasible.
This fundatinal breakthrugh pens up a range f ptential practical uses. Fr instance, it culd be used t help create mre accurate mdels fr de-icing pwer lines, airplanes and high- speed trains. A clearer grasp f hw ice bubbles frm culd als help scientists better understand the thermal and mechanical prperties f bricks made frm lunar sil. Trained t recgnize patterns in ice bubbles, artificial intelligence (AI) culd help study glaciers fr clues abut past climate patterns, r identify ptential depsits (矿床) f natural gas.
Ice is an ancient substance that is fund in every aspect f ur lives. Mre specifically, ice bubbles are already knwn t hld clues abut the atmspheric cnditins that existed when they were frmed. “We can nt nly make a message, but we can knw the message inside it,” Dr. Sng said. Althugh ice bubbles wuld prbably nt replace text messages, the new findings were imprtant. “Science ften wrks this way,” he said. Nt all bubbles, maybe, are fated t burst.
1． What des the underlined wrd “frivlity” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．An untested thery.B．A cnventinal practice.
C．A tugh challenge.D．A meaningless behavir.
2．What d we knw abut ice bubbles frm the text?
A．Their shapes can be prcessed t recrd infrmatin.
B．Their frmatin helps in develping de-icing mdels.
C．They are studied t imprve lunar sil brick prperties.
D．Their patterns help AI t cnfirm existing natural gas depsits.
3． What can we infer frm “Nt all bubbles, maybe, are fated t burst” in paragraph 4?
A．Sme ice bubbles may exist permanently.
B．The new research may have lasting value.
C．Ice bubbles wuld replace text messages.
D．Science relies n ice bubbles t prve key facts.
4． What is the best title fr the text?
A．Ice Bubbles fr Arctic Cmmunicatin
B．Mrse Cde: Ice Bubble Translatin Tl
C．Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues
D．Ice Bubbles and Practical Slutins
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰泡传递信息的新方法及其多种潜在价值与意义。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“‘It is a ttally new methd fr humans t recrd infrmatin,’ Dr. Sng said. (宋博士说：‘这是一种全新的人类记录信息的方法。’)”可知，利用冰泡记录信息是一种全新的方法，不是无意义的行为，故可推测出“And the idea is mre than an exercise in frivlity”想表达的是“这个想法并非一种无意义的行为”，所以“frivlity”意为“无意义的行为”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He and his clleagues fund that they culd prduce different shapes f air pckets in the ice sheet. Thse shapes culd be turned int Mrse cde, which relies n dashes and dts. A camera captured the sequence f shapes, which were subsequently prcessed by a cmputer and translated int English letters and Arabic numerals. (他和他的同事发现，他们可以在冰原中产生不同形状的气泡。这些形状可以变成莫尔斯电码，它依赖于破折号和圆点。摄像机捕捉到了形状的顺序，随后由计算机处理并翻译成英文字母和阿拉伯数字。)”可知，冰泡的形状可以被处理以记录信息。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Althugh ice bubbles wuld prbably nt replace text messages, the new findings were imprtant. ‘Science ften wrks this way,’ he said. Nt all bubbles, maybe, are fated t burst. (虽然冰泡可能不会取代短信，但新发现很重要。‘科学经常这样运作，’他说。也许，并不是所有的泡沫都注定会破裂。)”且全文强调该研究的潜在应用价值(如除冰、气候研究等)可推测出，最后一句“Nt all bubbles, maybe, are fated t burst”用比喻手法暗示这项新研究并非转瞬即逝，可能具有持久的价值。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In the bitter cld f the Arctic and Antarctica, bubbles in ice culd becme the ideal way t send messages. (在北极和南极的严寒中，冰中的气泡可能成为发送信息的理想方式。)”以及最后一段中“Mre specifically, ice bubbles are already knwn t hld clues abut the atmspheric cnditins that existed when they were frmed. (更具体地说，冰泡已经被认为包含了它们形成时存在的大气条件的线索。)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家发现冰泡的形状可以被处理以记录信息，以及冰泡可能带来的实际应用和价值，所以C选项“Ice Bubbles: Messages and Clues (冰泡：信息和线索)”全面涵盖核心内容，贴合主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。
B
(25-26高三上·山东名校考试联盟·期中)
Ever wndered hw scial media platfrms decide hw t fill ur feeds? They use algrithms (算法), f curse, but hw d these algrithms wrk? In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebk prduct manager secretly tk ten thusand pages f dcuments and internal messages ut f Facebk headquarters. She leaked these t a handful f media utlets. A lt f stries sn ran, largely fcusing n the mst alarming, attentin-grabbing secrets.
It turns ut that Facebk engineers have assigned a pint value t each type f engagement users can perfrm n a pst (liking, cmmenting, resharing, etc.). Facebk’s algrithm calculates a persnalized scre fr each pst t determine its place in the feed. This scre is gt by multiplying the prbability yu’ll perfrm each engagement — likes, lves, etc. — by its pre-assigned pint value, then summing these prducts. Psts are then ranked frm highest t lwest scre, creating yur tailred feed. Then the magic frmula is: Scre=Vlike×Plike+Vlve×Plve+Vangry×Pangry+Vcmment×Pcmment+Vshare×Pshare.
The idea is that the algrithm wants t surface the psts yu’re mst likely t engage with. Have yu ever seen a TikTk vide with verlaid text saying smething like “Yu wn’t believe what happens,” r “Yu’ve gtta watch till the end?” Sme peple pst vides where literally nthing happens, but they trick yu int watching multiple times, thereby winning even mre expected secnds. Cmments and secnds watched, n matter what quality and kind, tell TikTk’s algrithm ne thing: “Give me mre vides like this.”
Scial media algrithms bring the things we engage with clser and clser. Once we start clicking the scial media, we’re ging t be served up a lt mre f it. It’s a cruel cycle that can quickly turn ur feeds int endless streams f digital trash. Knwing hw and why this cycle happens is the first step t stp it. Just remember: the tech cmpanies chse the Vs in the scial media frmula, but the Ps are shaped by yur actins nline.
1． What des the underlined part in paragraph 1 indicate?
A．The scial media were affected.B．The leak went viral immediately.
C．The manager hated Facebk a lt.D．The secret was an eye-catching event.
2． What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Why Facebk designed a frmula.B．Hw Facebk determines ur feeds.
C．Hw the frmula was created carefully.D．Why users have t be cautius abut psts.
3． What des the authr intend t tell us with the TikTk example?
A．Algrithms are smart t track everything.
B．Even unintentinal watch can tell abut ur likes.
C．Sme peple will d everything t attract attentin.
D．TikTk has mre pwerful algrithms than Facebk.
4． What des the authr advise us t d?
A．Fcus n the psitive vides nly.B．Engage less with the cntent we hate.
C．Cmment mre n what we appreciate.D．Mind ur respnses t what is fed t us.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释社交媒体平台靠算法，依据用户互动行为打分排序生成个性化信息流，以TikTk为例说明部分人为吸睛迎合算法，指出这易致信息冗余，建议关注自身在线行为。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In 2021, Frances Haugen, a Facebk prduct manager secretly tk ten thusand pages f dcuments and internal messages ut f Facebk headquarters. She leaked these t a handful f media utlets.(2021年，Facebk的产品经理弗朗西斯·哈根秘密从公司总部获取了一万页的文件和内部消息。她将这些内容泄露给了几家媒体机构)”以及后文“largely fcusing n the mst alarming, attentin-grabbing secrets.(主要聚焦于那些最令人震惊、最引人注目的秘密)”可知，秘密泄露，成为了一个引人注目的事件。第一段中划线部分所表达的意思是这个秘密是一个引人注目的事件。故选D。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It turns ut that Facebk engineers have assigned a pint value t each type f engagement users can perfrm n a pst (liking, cmmenting, resharing, etc.). Facebk’s algrithm calculates a persnalized scre fr each pst t determine its place in the feed. This scre is gt by multiplying the prbability yu’ll perfrm each engagement — likes, lves, etc. — by its pre-assigned pint value, then summing these prducts. Psts are then ranked frm highest t lwest scre, creating yur tailred feed. Then the magic frmula is: Scre=Vlike×Plike+Vlve×Plve+Vangry×Pangry+Vcmment×Pcmment+Vshare×Pshare.(事实证明，Facebk的工程师已经为用户在帖子上可以进行的每种互动行为（点赞、评论、转发等）赋予了相应的分值。Facebk的算法会为每条帖子计算出一个个性化的得分，以确定其在信息流中的位置。这个得分是通过将你执行每种互动行为（点赞、喜爱、等）的概率与其预先设定的分值相乘，然后将这些乘积相加得到的。随后，帖子会按照得分从高到低进行排序，从而形成符合您个人偏好的信息流。接下来是这个神奇的公式：得分 = 欢迎度×欢迎度概率 + 喜爱度×喜爱度概率 + 愤怒度×愤怒度概率 + 评论度×评论度概率 + 转发度×转发度概率)”可知，第二段主要讲的是脸书如何决定我们的信息推送内容。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sme peple pst vides where literally nthing happens, but they trick yu int watching multiple times, thereby winning even mre expected secnds. Cmments and secnds watched, n matter what quality and kind, tell TikTk’s algrithm ne thing: “Give me mre vides like this.”(有些人在网上发布的视频内容其实毫无情节可言，但他们却设法让你反复观看，这样一来就能获得更多的预期观看时间。无论是评论还是观看秒数，无论其质量如何、内容为何，都向TikTk的算法传达了一个信息：“给我更多像这样的视频。”)”可知，作者通过TikTk这个例子想要告诉我们无意识的观看行为也能反映出我们的喜好。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Knwing hw and why this cycle happens is the first step t stp it. Just remember: the tech cmpanies chse the Vs in the scial media frmula, but the Ps are shaped by yur actins nline.(了解这个循环是如何发生以及为何会发生是阻止它的第一步。只需记住：科技公司决定了社交媒体公式中的“V”项，但“P”项则由你的在线行为所塑造)”可知，作者建议我们要留意自己对所接收信息的反应。故选D。
C
(2026届广东省大湾区高三上学期普通高中毕业年级联合模拟考试英语试卷)
Children are brn with the curisity t explre. Yet ver time they are becming less curius abut science. Why? This lss f interest may be partly the result f language cues (提示) children hear. And these cues dn’t cme just frm parents; they can als cme frm schl teachers wh treat science as an identity rather than actins.
When talking t children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists tday!” r “Yu’re such a gd scientist!”. But this kind f identity-fcused language, which fcuses n science as an identity rather than activities and actins that peple d, can be demralizing fr yung children. One study shwed that children as yung as fur, especially girls, kept their interest lnger when their cue t participate in science activities was “Let’s d science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.”
One pssibility is that when thinking f a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they dn’t share that identity, they lse interest in an activity designed “fr scientists.” This steretypical (刻板印象的) belief that science is reserved fr nly certain-kinds f peple emerges surprisingly early. By the first grade, when asked t draw a scientist, children tend t draw a white man.
The gd news is that language cues can als be directed t prmte engagement with science. Describing science as actins that we take, fr example, seems t prtect yung children’s interest in science ver time. But it’s als true that teenagers are actively trying n and ultimately frming different identities fr themselves. S in cntrast t its demralizing effects n yung children, identity-fcused language may help teens stay interested in science. In anther study, cueing a future identity based n science (such as “scientist” r “dctr”) mtivated middle schlers t d mre hmewrk and was assciated with higher grades.
Cnsequently, adults had better use different language cues fr children f different age grups t maintain their curisity abut science.
1．What des the underlined wrd “demralizing” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Inapprpriate.B．Implite.C．Uncnvincing.D．Discuraging.
2．Why was actin-fcused language especially effective t yung girls?
A．Because it avids identity cnflict in girls’ mind.
B．Because steretypical belief is reserved fr girls.
C．Because it enhances girls’ engagement in science.
D．Because it shws the activity is designed fr girls.
3．What may be the authr’s suggestin fr parents and teachers?
A．T treat language as cues.B．T use identity-fcused language.
C．T adpt flexible strategies.D．T help teenagers frm identities.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Why Is Actin Better than Identity?
B．Hw D Parents Raise Yung Scientists?
C．Hw Des Age Affect Science Learning?
D．What Affects Children’s Interest in Science?
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍儿童对科学的好奇心下降的原因，以及不同语言提示对不同年龄段儿童科学兴趣的影响，并给出相应建议。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“But this kind f identity-fcused language, which fcuses n science as an identity rather than activities and actins that peple d, can be demralizing fr yung children. One study shwed that children as yung as fur, especially girls, kept their interest lnger when their cue t participate in science activities was “Let’s d science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.”(但这种以身份为核心的语言，将科学视为一种身份，而非人们所做的活动和行动，可能会对幼儿造成demralizing影响。一项研究表明，4岁的孩子，尤其是女孩，当参与科学活动的提示是“让我们做科学”而不是“让我们成为科学家”时，能保持更长时间的兴趣。)”可知，以身份为核心的语言会让幼儿难以保持兴趣，因此“demralizing”意为“令人气馁的”。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One pssibility is that when thinking f a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they dn’t share that identity, they lse interest in an activity designed “fr scientists.”(一种可能性是，当想到科学家时，孩子们可能会想到一个白人男性。如果他们没有这种身份认同，就会对为“科学家”设计的活动失去兴趣。)”以及第二段中行动导向语言让幼儿（尤其女孩）保持兴趣的研究结果可知，行动导向语言对女孩特别有效，是因为它避免了女孩心中的身份冲突。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Cnsequently, adults had better use different language cues fr children f different age grups t maintain their curisity abut science.(因此，成年人最好对不同年龄段的孩子使用不同的语言提示，以保持他们对科学的好奇心。)”可知，作者建议家长和老师采用灵活的策略，针对不同年龄段儿童使用不同语言提示。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出儿童对科学好奇心下降的问题及部分原因（语言提示），第二段对比不同语言提示对幼儿的影响，第三段解释身份导向语言产生负面影响的原因，第四段说明语言提示对青少年的积极影响，最后给出针对不同年龄段儿童使用不同语言提示的建议，由此可知，全文围绕“什么影响儿童对科学的兴趣”展开，因此D项“什么影响儿童对科学的兴趣？”适合作为标题。故选D项。
D
(25-26高三上·河南·期中)
As the wrld’s appetite fr electrnic devices grws ever bigger, the ther side f the cin — e-waste — is raising alarms. Accrding t a UN reprt, 62 millin tns f e-waste was generated in 2022, enugh t fill 1.5 millin trucks.
Mst f the e-waste went t landfills r burning, with ptential negative cnsequences fr the envirnment and human health. Besides, $62 billin-wrth f recyclable resurces like rare earth elements are lst in the prcess. Currently, just 1% f the wrld’s demand fr these elements, which are necessary t mdern electrnic devices, is met by e-waste recycling.
Aquafade, a plastic which can cmpletely disslve (溶解) in abut six hurs when placed in water, brings hpe. It culd be used in cmputers r keybards, and disslve when they’re n lnger wanted, making it easier t recycle the mst valuable cmpnents and reducing e-waste.
“Fr mst electrnic prducts, when they’re being recycled, it’s the disassembly (拆卸) that’s the real hassle. Anther bttleneck in e-waste recycling is transprtatin, which raises csts and creates carbn emissins.” says Samuel Wangsaputra, ne f the inventrs f Aquafade. “I think the brilliant bit with Aquafade is that a lt f that prcess is simply dne at hme.”
Their challenge is t make a cating (涂层). It is als made f a plastic plymer, nly applied t the uter shell, making the prduct water resistant up t five meters fr 30 minutes, which cvers accidental spills r wet weather. But nce we disassemble the prduct, it creates a crack. That’s when we put it in water t disslve six hurs later, and what’s left is the mst valuable parts f the prduct.
Peter Edwards, a prfessr at the University f Oxfrd, calls it “an interesting develpment”, but wnders whether the disslved plastic will persist in the envirnment and ultimately end up as micrplastic. Samuel acknwledges they have nt yet fully investigated hw the slutin wuld bidegrade (生物降解) in the lng term.
1． What is the main cncern raised abut e-waste in paragraph 2?
A．The rising cst f recycling e-waste.
B．The great lss f valuable materials.
C．The insufficient supply f rare earth elements.
D．The public’s appetite fr new electrnic gds.
2． What des the underlined wrd “hassle” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Strategy.B．Reasn.C．Truble.D．Value.
3． What was the primary technical challenge in develping Aquafade?
A．Ensuring the cating disslves quickly enugh.
B．Making a material that bidegrades cmpletely.
C．Applying the cating t the internal parts f a device.
D．Creating a cating resisting water yet disslving in it.
4．What is Peter Edwards’ attitude t Aquafade?
A．Careful.B．Supprtive.C．Critical.D．Unclear.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。全球电子垃圾问题严峻，大量垃圾被填埋焚烧，造成环境危害与资源浪费，新型可溶解塑料Aquafade为电子垃圾回收带来希望，但仍面临生物降解方面的质疑。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Besides, $62 billin-wrth f recyclable resurces like rare earth elements are lst in the prcess.(此外，在这一过程中，价值620亿美元的可回收资源（如稀土元素）也遭到了损失)”可知，关于电子废弃物所引发的主要担忧是造成了大量珍贵物资的损失。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Fr mst electrnic prducts, when they’re being recycled, it’s the disassembly (拆卸) that’s the real hassle (对于大多数电子产品而言，在进行回收处理时，真正hassle的环节其实是拆解过程)”以及后文“Anther bttleneck in e-waste recycling is transprtatin, which raises csts and creates carbn emissins.(电子废弃物回收过程中的另一个瓶颈在于运输问题，这会增加成本并产生碳排放)”可知，上下文提到电子垃圾回收的两大问题：拆卸和运输，“hassle”对应回收中遇到的麻烦，故画线词意思是“麻烦”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Their challenge is t make a cating (涂层). It is als made f a plastic plymer, nly applied t the uter shell, making the prduct water resistant up t five meters fr 30 minutes, which cvers accidental spills r wet weather. But nce we disassemble the prduct, it creates a crack. That’s when we put it in water t disslve six hurs later, and what’s left is the mst valuable parts f the prduct.(他们的任务是制造一层涂层。该涂层同样由一种塑料聚合物制成，仅涂覆在外壳表面，能使产品持续30分钟达到五米深水的防水效果，适用于意外泼洒或潮湿天气的情况。但一旦我们拆解产品，就会产生裂纹。那时我们将其放入水中等待六个小时后溶解，剩下的是产品中最有价值的部分)”可知，在开发“Aquafade”过程中，主要的技术难题是制成一种既能防水又能溶于水的涂层。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peter Edwards, a prfessr at the University f Oxfrd, calls it “an interesting develpment”, but wnders whether the disslved plastic will persist in the envirnment and ultimately end up as micrplastic.(牛津大学的彼得·爱德华兹教授称这一情况为“一个有趣的发展”，但他也想知道溶解后的塑料是否会残留在环境中，并最终变成微塑料)”可知，彼得·爱德华斯既认为Aquafade的发现有趣，又担心其溶解后的残留问题，由此可推测他对Aquafade持谨慎态度。故选A。
E
(25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期中)
Scientists are advancing frward in brain-cmputer interface (BCI) technlgy, and a newly develped system can translate ur thughts int text r sund.
It’s essentially an inner speech decder (解码器), develped by researchers frm institutins acrss the US. In tests n fur vlunteers with severe disabilities, the decder has an accuracy rate f up t 74 percent in translating thughts int audible (听得见的) speech. The ptential here is fr a BCI that can help thse with speech disabilities t cmmunicate mre effectively than ever befre.
Previus BCIs have relied n brain activity that is created when a persn tries t speak r write, even thugh their bdies cannt carry ut the actin. This new technlgy gets a step clser t the surce. “If yu just have t think abut speech instead f actually trying t speak, it’s ptentially easier and faster fr peple,” says neurscientist Benjamin Meschede-Krasa, frm Stanfrd University in the US.
Machine learning was used t train the BCI t cnnect brain signals t wrds as the fur participants thught abut them. The researchers fund that there was verlap between certain brain patterns when the vlunteers tried t speak and when they nly imagined wrds and phrases. Despite this, the signals culd be distinguished frm each ther. With sme prbability calculatins thrwn in, the new BCI can recgnize up t 125,000 wrds using nly inner speech. “We fund that we culd decde these signals well enugh t demnstrate a prf f principle, althugh still nt as well as we culd with attempted speech,” says neurscientist Frank Willett, frm Stanfrd University.
There’s still a lng way t g there, and the BCI ften falls far shrt f that 74 maximum accuracy rating. Hwever, by emplying mre advanced technlgy, the researchers are cnfident that the system can be quickly imprved ver the next few years. “This wrk gives real hpe that speech BCIs can ne day restre cmmunicatin that is as fluent, natural, and cmfrtable as cnversatinal speech,” says Willett.
1． Hw des the new BCI system differ frm previus nes?
A．It helps healthy peple cmmunicate fluently.
B．It desn’t require the user t try t speak r write.
C．It uses a mre advanced machine learning mdel.
D．It can identify mre wrds with higher accuracy.
2． What des the underlined wrd “verlap” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Gap.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Similarity.
3． What is the main prblem with the new BCI?
A．Security.B．Speed.C．Accuracy.D．Cnvenience.
4． What is the text mainly abut?
A．A breakthrugh in decding inner speech.
B．The wrking principle f a new BCI system.
C．Differences between a new BCI and previus nes.
D．Challenges fr peple with severe speech disabilities.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家在脑机接口（BCI）技术领域取得的突破性进展，特别是新研发的内部语音解码器系统。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Previus BCIs have relied n brain activity that is created when a persn tries t speak r write, even thugh their bdies cannt carry ut the actin. This new technlgy gets a step clser t the surce. “If yu just have t think abut speech instead f actually trying t speak, it’s ptentially easier and faster fr peple,” (以往的脑机接口（BCI）依赖的是人在试图说话或写字时产生的大脑活动，即便他们的身体无法执行这些动作。而这项新技术更接近问题的根源。“如果人们只需思考说话的内容，而无需实际尝试发声，那么对使用者而言，这可能会更简单、更快捷。”)”可知，以前的脑机接口依赖于一个人试图说话或写字时产生的大脑活动，而新的脑机接口技术只需思考说话，不需要试图说话或写字。所以新BCI系统与以往的不同之处在于它不需要用户试图说话或写字。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Despite this, the signals culd be distinguished frm each ther. With sme prbability calculatins thrwn in, the new BCI can recgnize up t 125,000 wrds using nly inner speech. (尽管如此，这些信号仍可相互区分。通过引入一些概率计算，新的脑机接口（BCI）仅利用内部语音就能识别多达125,000个单词。)”可知，当志愿者试着说话和只想象单词和短语时，他们的某些大脑模式存在重叠，结合选项可推测出“verlap”指的是“相似性”，即两种情况下大脑模式有相似之处，和Similarity意思相近。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There’s still a lng way t g there, and the BCI ften falls far shrt f that 74 maximum accuracy rating. Hwever, by emplying mre advanced technlgy, the researchers are cnfident that the system can be quickly imprved ver the next few years .(要达到理想状态仍有很长的路要走，而且脑机接口（BCI）的准确率常常远低于74%这一最高水平。不过，研究人员相信，通过采用更先进的技术，该系统在未来几年内能够得到迅速改进。)”可知，新的BCI的主要问题是准确性，它常常远低于74%的最高准确率。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists are advancing frward in brain-cmputer interface (BCI) technlgy, and a newly develped system can translate ur thughts int text r sund. (科学家们在脑机接口（BCI）技术领域不断取得进展，新研发的系统能够将我们的思想转化为文字或声音。)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家在脑机接口（BCI）技术领域取得的突破性进展，特别是新研发的内部语音解码器系统，因此本文的主旨是A选项“A breakthrugh in decding inner speech. (解码内心语言的突破。)”。故选A。
F
(25-26高三上·湖北武汉中学·期中)
Fled by Randmness is a famus bk in Nassim Nichlas Taleb’s landmark Incert series, an investigatin f luck, uncertainty, prbability, human errr, risk, and decisin-making in a wrld we dn’t understand.
Nw in a striking new hardcver editin, Fled by Randmness is the wrd-f-muth sensatin that will change the way yu think abut business and the wrld. Nassim Nichlas Taleb — seasned trader, renwned risk expert, knwledgeable schlar, and New Yrk Times bestselling authr f The Black Swan — has written a mdern classic that turns n its head what we believe abut luck and skill.
This bk is abut luck — r mre precisely, abut hw we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrp f the mst ntable frum in which luck is mistaken fr skill — the wrld f trading — Fled by Randmness prvides captivating insight int ne f the least understd factrs in all ur lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the authr tackles majr intellectual issues related t the underestimatin f the influence f happenstance n ur lives.
The bk is ppulated with a number f characters, sme f whm have grasped, in their wn way, the significance f chance: the baseball legend Ygi Berra; the philspher f knwledge Karl Ppper; the mdern financier Gerge Srs; and the Greek vyager Odysseus. We als meet the fictinal Ner, wh seems t understand the rle f randmness in his prfessinal life but falls victim t his wn irratinal flishness.
Hwever, the mst recgnizable character f all remains unnamed — the lucky fl wh happens t be in the right place at the right time — he embdies the “survival f the least fit.” Such individuals attract devted fllwers wh believe in their mentr’s (导师) insights and methds. But n ne can cpy what is btained by chance.
Are we capable f distinguishing the frtunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) frm the genuine innvatr? Must we always try t uncver nnexistent messages in randm events? It may be impssible t guard urselves against the unpredictability f the gddess Frtuna, but after reading Fled by Randmness we can be a little better prepared.
1． What is Fled by Randmness mainly abut?
A．The success f mdern traders.
B．The imprtance f skill in trading.
C．The rle f luck in life and business.
D．The impact f human errrs n decisin-making.
2．What’s the purpse f mentining the characters in paragraph 4?
A．T highlight the significance f their achievements.
B．T emphasize their success in the trading wrld.
C．T illustrate hw flishness always leads t failure.
D．T shw examples f thse wh understd randmness.
3．What des “lucky fl” in paragraph 5 really refer t?
A．A trader knwn fr their skill and achievements.
B．A schlar famus fr their insights and methds.
C．Smene wh wes their success t skill, ignring luck.
D．A persn wh flishly undervalues hard wrk and devtin.
4．Accrding t the passage, what mistake d peple ften make?
A．They verestimate their persnal abilities.
B．They fail t see hw chance affects their success.
C．They depend heavily n guidance frm mentrs.
D．They verlk significant events in daily life.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布的著作《随机漫步的傻瓜》的主要内容，该书探讨了运气、不确定性、概率、人为错误、风险和在我们不理解的世界中做决策的问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This bk is abut luck — r mre precisely, abut hw we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. (这本书是关于运气的——或者更准确地说，是关于我们如何在生活和商业中感知和应对运气的。)”可知，《随机漫步的傻瓜》主要是关于运气在生活和商业中的作用。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The bk is ppulated with a number f characters, sme f whm have grasped, in their wn way, the significance f chance: the baseball legend Ygi Berra; the philspher f knwledge Karl Ppper; the mdern financier Gerge Srs; and the Greek vyager Odysseus. We als meet the fictinal Ner, wh seems t understand the rle f randmness in his prfessinal life but falls victim t his wn irratinal flishness. (书中塑造了许多人物，他们中的一些人以自己的方式理解了偶然性的意义：棒球传奇人物尤吉·贝拉；知识哲学家卡尔·波普尔；现代金融家乔治·索罗斯；以及希腊航行者奥德修斯。我们还会遇到虚构的尼禄，他似乎明白随机性在他职业生活中的作用，但却成为自己非理性愚蠢的受害者。)”可知，第四段提到的人物都理解了随机性或偶然性的意义，作者列举这些人物是为了举例说明那些理解随机性的人。故选D项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Hwever, the mst recgnizable character f all remains unnamed — the lucky fl wh happens t be in the right place at the right time — he embdies the “survival f the least fit. (然而，最容易被认出的人物却没有名字——那个恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点的幸运傻瓜——他体现了“最不适应者的生存”。)”可知，“lucky fl”指的是那些恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点，即靠运气取得成功的人，而不是靠技能或努力。再结合后文“Such individuals attract devted fllwers wh believe in their mentr’s (导师) insights and methds. But n ne can cpy what is btained by chance. (这样的人会吸引忠实的追随者，他们相信导师的见解和方法。但没有人能复制靠机会获得的东西。)”可知，“lucky fl”是指将成功归因于自身技能而忽视运气成分，实则是靠运气获得成功的人。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the authr tackles majr intellectual issues related t the underestimatin f the influence f happenstance n ur lives. (作者以娱乐性的叙事风格写作，探讨了与我们低估偶然事件对我们生活影响相关的重大智力问题。)”和最后一段“Are we capable f distinguishing the frtunate charlatan (冒充内行的人) frm the genuine innvatr? Must we always try t uncver nnexistent messages in randm events? It may be impssible t guard urselves against the unpredictability f the gddess Frtuna, but after reading Fled by Randmness we can be a little better prepared.(我们能区分幸运的冒充内行的人和真正的创新者吗？我们必须总是试图在随机事件中发现不存在的信息吗？也许我们无法防范命运女神的不可预测性，但读完《随机漫步的傻瓜》后，我们可以做更好一点的准备。)”可推知，人们常常犯的错误是没有看到偶然性(即机会或运气)对他们成功的影响，即忽视了运气的作用。故选B项。
G
(25-26高三上·湖北华中师范大学第一附属中学·月考)
In a new study published in the British Jurnal f Health Psychlgy, researchers frm the Universities f Bath and Suthamptn have revealed hw just 10 minutes f daily mindfulness (正念) practice can imprve wellbeing, ease depressin and anxiety and help peple t be mre mtivated t imprve their lifestyle — including healthier exercise, eating and sleeping habits.
The research recruited 1,247 adults frm 91 cuntries and utilized a free mbile app called Medit t deliver brief daily mindfulness sessins. Participants were randmly allcated t either a mnth-lng mindfulness rutine r a cntrl grup that listened t excerpts (节选) frm “Alice in Wnderland”. The mindfulness sessins included relaxatin exercises, intentin-setting, bdy scans, breath-fcused attentin and self-reflectin. Surveys cnducted befre and after the 30-day training perid revealed substantial imprvements in the mindfulness grup:
Reduced Depressin by 19.2% mre than cntrl grup;
Imprved Wellbeing by 6.9% mre;
Decreased Anxiety by 12.6% mre;
Attitudes t Health gt mre psitive by 7.1% ver cntrl grup;
Behaviural Intentins t lk after health increased by 6.5% beynd cntrl grup.
These benefits were largely maintained after 30 days. In fllw-up surveys ne mnth later(Day 61), the mindfulness grup shwed lng-term imprvements in their wellbeing, ntably a reductin in depressin, mre psitive attitudes and even better sleep.
This research is amng the first t link mindfulness practice t brader lifestyle changes, underscring its ptential fr prmting healthier living habits like exercising regularly. Masha Remskar, the lead researcher and an expert in behavir change, emphasized that even shrt daily mindfulness practice can be a pwerful tl fr mental health imprvement. Dr. Max Western frm the University f Bath stressed the ptential glbal impact f a light-tuch, affrdable mindfulness interventin (介入) n healthy lifestyle behavirs, nting its benefits still lasted after the curse ended, indicating that it can help build sustainable habits.
The study was supprted by the UKRI Ecnmic and Scial Research Cuncil and cllabrated with the Medit Fundatin, a nn-prfit prmting mindfulness glbally thrugh a free app alternative t subscriptin based services. Medit paved the way fr the “30 Day Challenge”, but had n part in data cllectin, analysis r publicatin.
1． What can be inferred abut daily mindfulness?
A．It can cure depressin and anxiety.
B．It may lead t sustainable benefits.
C．Its benefits are limited t stress reductin.
D．It is especially effective fr severe depressin.
2．What des the underlined wrd “underscring” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Highlighting.B．Ignring.C．Dubting. D．Transfrming.
3． What des the Medit Fundatin d in the study?
A．Fund the research and cllect data.
B．Analyse the data and release results.
C．Make prfits and mnitr the prcess.
D．Facilitate the study and spread mindfulness.
4． Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．The Medit App: Prmting Mindfulness Practice
B．Brief Daily Mindfulness: Big Benefits fr Wellbeing
C．Mindfulness vs. Cntrl Grup: A Cmparative Study
D．Recent Research in Health Psychlgy: Mindfulness Editin
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现正念练习有助于改善健康，解释了研究的过程以及发现。
1．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“These benefits were largely maintained after 30 days. In fllw-up surveys ne mnth later(Day 61), the mindfulness grup shwed lng-term imprvements in their wellbeing, ntably a reductin in depressin, mre psitive attitudes and even better sleep.(这些好处在30天后基本保持不变。在一个月后（第61天）的后续调查中，正念组显示出他们的健康状况有了长期的改善，尤其是抑郁的减少，更积极的态度，甚至更好的睡眠)”可知，日常正念可能会带来可持续的好处。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“its ptential fr prmting healthier living habits like exercising regularly(它在促进更健康的生活习惯（如定期锻炼）方面的潜力)”以及“Masha Remskar, the lead researcher and an expert in behavir change, emphasized that even shrt daily mindfulness practice can be a pwerful tl fr mental health imprvement.(首席研究员、行为改变方面的专家Masha Remskar强调，即使是每天短暂的正念练习，也可以成为改善心理健康的有力工具)”可知，研究强调了正念练习在促进锻炼等更健康生活习惯方面的潜力。故划线词意思是“强调”。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The study was supprted by the UKRI Ecnmic and Scial Research Cuncil and cllabrated with the Medit Fundatin, a nn-prfit prmting mindfulness glbally thrugh a free app alternative t subscriptin based services. Medit paved the way fr the “30 Day Challenge”, but had n part in data cllectin, analysis r publicatin.(这项研究得到了UKRI经济和社会研究委员会的支持，并与Medit基金会合作，这是一家通过免费应用程序替代订阅服务在全球推广正念的非营利组织。Medit为“30天挑战”铺平了道路，但没有参与数据收集、分析或发布)”可知，Medit基金会在这项研究中促进学习和传播正念。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a new study published in the British Jurnal f Health Psychlgy, researchers frm the Universities f Bath and Suthamptn have revealed hw just 10 minutes f daily mindfulness (正念) practice can imprve wellbeing, ease depressin and anxiety and help peple t be mre mtivated t imprve their lifestyle — including healthier exercise, eating and sleeping habits.(在《英国健康心理学杂志》上发表的一项新研究中，来自巴斯大学和南安普顿大学的研究人员揭示了每天10分钟的正念练习如何改善健康，缓解抑郁和焦虑，并帮助人们更有动力改善他们的生活方式——包括更健康的锻炼、饮食和睡眠习惯)”结合文章主要介绍了研究发现正念练习有助于改善健康，解释了研究的过程以及发现可知，B选项“每日简短的正念：对健康大有裨益”最符合文章标题。故选B。
H
（2025届江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京师范大学附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题）
One f the tp surces f added sugar in children’s diets in America is in their breakfast cereal (麦片). A study published in the American Jurnal f Preventive Medicine shws that advertising drives sales f high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12-but nt when it targets adults.
In the study, researchers lked at all cereals purchased by 77,000 U.S. husehlds ver a nine-year perid, between 2008 and 2017. They als lked at Nielsen ratings data, which clsely mnitred all the ads that peple in a husehld saw-bth children and adults. What they fund was a strng relatinship between hw much advertising was targeted t kids and hw much sugary cereal that husehlds with children bught. By cntrast, there was n link t increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data als shwed that behavirs that were learned in childhd culd track int adulthd, which culd lead t pr health utcmes ver a lifetime.
The study is the first t directly cmpare the influence f fd advertising expsure by children with that f adults. The findings ffer nvel evidence f hw fd marketing turns children int the “ultimate weapn” in influencing family spending because they cnsistently ask their parents t purchase a cncept knwn as “pester pwer”.
The fd industry launched the Children’s Fd and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a vluntary effrt t plice itself. The 21 participating fd cmpanies made a cmmitment t cut back n marketing unhealthy fds t children under 12 — later revised t under 13. A new study cnducted in 2024 shwed that children’s expsure t cereal ads n TV prgramming aimed at kids has drpped dramatically.
But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a fd plicy researcher at the University f Nrth Carlina at Chapel Hill, says these vluntary effrts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are mving nline, making it even harder t knw what marketing children are being expsed t, Taillie ntes.
1．What did the study find abut child-targeted fd ads?
A．They had n cnnectin with adults’ purchases.
B．They were less effective than adult-targeted ads.
C．They might affect children’s health in the lng run.
D．They culd reduce children’s interest in sugary fd.
2．What des the underlined phrase “pester pwer” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Parents’ uncnditinal lve.B．Children’s uncntrlled spending.
C．Parents’ grwing cnsumptin.D．Children’s repeated purchase requests.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．An expectatin fr further study.B．The fllw-up influence f the study.
C．A limitatin f the research methd.D．The ptential applicatin f the findings.
4．What is Tallie’s attitude tward the vluntary effrts?
A．Favrable.B．Tlerant.C．Disapprving.D．Reserved.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了针对儿童的高糖麦片广告对家庭购买行为的影响及其长期健康危害，并讨论了相关政策效果与局限性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“What they fund was a strng relatinship between hw much advertising was targeted t kids and hw much sugary cereal that husehlds with children bught. By cntrast, there was n link t increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data als shwed that behavirs that were learned in childhd culd track int adulthd, which culd lead t pr health utcmes ver a lifetime. (他们发现，针对儿童的广告投放量与有孩子的家庭购买的高糖麦片的数量之间存在着紧密的联系。相比之下，当广告以成年人为目标群体时，广告投放量与家庭购买量的增加没有关联。而且这些广泛的数据还表明，童年时期养成的行为习惯会延续到成年，这可能会在一生中导致不良的健康后果)”可知，研究发现针对儿童的食品广告可能会影响儿童的长期健康。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“The findings ffer nvel evidence f hw fd marketing turns children int the “ultimate weapn” in influencing family spending because they cnsistently ask their parents t purchase a cncept knwn as “pester pwer”. (这些研究结果为食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭消费的“终极武器”提供了新的证据，因为孩子们会不断要求父母购买，这就是所谓的pester pwer)”可知，研究发现食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭消费的“终极武器”，因为孩子们不断地要求父母购买，即画线短语“pester pwer”指的是孩子们反复的购买请求。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The fd industry launched the Children’s Fd and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a vluntary effrt t plice itself. The 21 participating fd cmpanies made a cmmitment t cut back n marketing unhealthy fds t children under 12 — later revised t under 13. A new study cnducted in 2024 shwed that children’s expsure t cereal ads n TV prgramming aimed at kids has drpped dramatically. (食品行业发起了“儿童食品和饮料广告倡议”，这是一项自愿的自我监管努力。21家参与的食品公司承诺减少向12岁以下儿童推销不健康食品，后来这一年龄限制被修改为13岁以下。2024年进行的一项新研究表明，儿童接触针对儿童的电视节目中的麦片广告大幅减少)”可知，第四段主要讲了研究的后续影响。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a fd plicy researcher at the University f Nrth Carlina at Chapel Hill, says these vluntary effrts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are mving nline, making it even harder t knw what marketing children are being expsed t, Taillie ntes. (但北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的食品政策研究员Lindsey Smith Taillie表示，这些自愿的努力并没有起到什么作用。Taillie指出，广告就像孩子们的眼睛一样，正在向网络转移，这使得人们更难知道孩子们接触到了什么样的营销)”可推知，Tallie对自愿的努力持不赞成态度。故选C。
I
(2025届江苏省南京市南京师范大学附属中学高三下学期5月英语模拟试题)
As students draw near the midterm seasn, s d their feelings f anxiety and stress. With deadlines appraching, it’s easy t becme wrapped up in essays and exams, but Arthur Lyhne-Gld, a student at the University f Edinburgh, fund the pems may be the means t calm that stress.
His idea blssmed frm the cncept f “the Petry Pharmacy (药房)”, which was a shp that, instead f ffering pills r prescriptins, gave custmers bks f petry t slve their wn prblems. Calm, cmfrt, inspiratin: whatever they were searching fr, there was always a pem t help them find it.
Arthur brught this cncept t campus, handing ut 400 free pems with varius themes t brighten the day f students. Students culd always find him giving ut pems utside the Main Library, especially when the midterms and Edinburgh winters gt them dwn.
His prject was rted in persnal struggles. During a study abrad year in Canada, he battled lneliness and seasnal depressin. Arthur said, “I tried medical recmmendatins like light therapy but they weren’t as helpful. Instead, I fund s much cmfrt in sme sngs, sme literature, and sme petry.” He then began t hang psters arund campus with pems relating t the theme f seasnal depressin and decided t expand n the idea f “the Petry Pharmacy” ,when he came back t the University f Edinburgh.
While many dismiss studies in arts as less useful as thse in science, Arthur argues fr the unique value f arts and pems. He explains that, “there is a tendency in Western medicine t cmpartmentalise things: Yu have a cardilgist (心脏病医生), a dentist, but never smene lking cmprehensively.” On the cntrary, as he claims, arts can arrange all the things and wrds t bring peace t peple and cure their bdy as a whle. “In a way, petry is medicine.”
1．Wh was “the Petry Pharmacy” riginally intended fr?
A．Bk lvers searching fr themed pems.
B．Students anxius abut essays and exams.
C．Peple struggling with persnal prblems.
D．Patients seeking free medical cnsultatins.
2．What mtivated Arthur t start his prject?
A．His emtinal issues in Canada.B．His academic struggles in Edinburgh.
C．His dctr’s medical recmmendatin.D．His experience in the Petry Pharmacy.
3．What des the underlined wrd “cmpartmentalise” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Priritize.B．Integrate.
C．Simplify.D．Divide.
4．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The develpment f the Petry Pharmacy.
B．A medical treatment fr seasnal depressin.
C．A student’s petry initiative t ease peers’ stress.
D．The cmbinatin f arts and science in mental health.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱丁堡大学学生Arthur在加拿大对抗抑郁时发现艺术具有疗愈力量，于是从“诗歌药房”获得灵感，通过分发主题诗歌帮助同学缓解考试压力。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“His idea blssmed frm the cncept f “the Petry Pharmacy (药房)”, which was a shp that, instead f ffering pills r prescriptins, gave custmers bks f petry t slve their wn prblems. Calm, cmfrt, inspiratin: whatever they were searching fr, there was always a pem t help them find it. (这个创意源自“诗歌药房”的理念——这家特别的店铺不提供药片或处方，而是为顾客奉上诗集，让他们在诗歌中寻找自己的答案。无论是平静、慰藉还是灵感，人们追寻的一切，总有那么一首诗能帮助他们找到)”可知，“诗歌药房”最初的目标人群是为个人问题而挣扎的人们。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“His prject was rted in persnal struggles. During a study abrad year in Canada, he battled lneliness and seasnal depressin. (这个项目的诞生源于他个人的挣扎经历。在加拿大留学的一年里，他曾深陷孤独与季节性抑郁的困扰)”可知，在加拿大留学期间的情绪问题促使Arthur启动这个项目。故选A项。
3．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“Yu have a cardilgist (心脏病医生), a dentist, but never smene lking cmprehensively (你有心脏病专家、牙科医生，却往往缺少一个能为你提供全面检查的人)”可知，心脏病专家、牙医各司其职，但不提供全面的健康检查，因此此处指西医“分科而治”的特点，画线词意思是“划分”，与Divide意思一致。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Arthur Lyhne-Gld, a student at the University f Edinburgh, fund the pems may be the means t calm that stress (爱丁堡大学学生Arthur Lyhne-Gld发现，诗歌或许正是缓解这种压力的良方)”可知，全文围绕爱丁堡大学学生Arthur用诗歌缓解同龄人考试压力的校园行动展开，讲述了他发起该行动的灵感来源、个人经历以及他的主张等。故选C项。
J
(2025届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟考试（二）英语试卷)
The cnvenience f mdern life is nthing shrt f astnishing. As I write this, my phne is wirelessly sending sme hits frm the 1700s t my prtable speaker. The fact that, as a culture, we celebrate such shrt cuts is understandable. That said, mst peple are able t sense that cnvenience has a darker side.
Befre getting int that, we’d better understand why cnvenience is s seductive first. We ften desist ding the things we need t d t make prgress. Behind every well-intentined plan lies this hrrible sense f inertia (惰性). Why is this resistance — and ur crrespnding appetite fr ease — such an essential part f ur makeup?
Here, insights frm evlutinary psychlgy (particularly the idea f“the evlutinary mismatch”) can help. The evlutinary mismatch is the idea that we clved fr a hunter-gather difstyle, and that while ur circumstances have changed cmpletely, ur brains and bdies haven’t. Resistance was a necessary cunterbalance (制衡) t the bursts f intense activity that characterized the lives f hunter-gatherers: searching fr fd in driving rain, r running t escape a dangerus animal. It’s the reasn we still ask: “D I really have t be ding this? Shuldn’t I save my energy?” The peple chsing t remain sheltered during snwstrms, when the prspect f btaining fd was lw, were mre likely t live and pass n their genes t the next generatin.
Since then, f curse, innvatin has changed things greatly. We’ve altered technlgy and ur envirnments partly t serve ur natural instinct (本能) t cnserve energy. The questin is: what d we stand t lse by fllwing ur tendency t priritize cmfrt and cnvenience?
Cntinually chsing the cnvenient path lessens yur ability t deal with unavidable difficulties. And, frm an evlutinary perspective, sme measure f discmfrt is as crucial t ur survival as rest and relaxatin. Our ancestrs didn’t survive purely by being lazy, but thrugh a cmbinatin f playing it safe and taking necessary risks.
This difficulty itself des shape ur character. In the technlgical wrld we have fashined, we must smetimes make cnscius effrts t act in ppsitin t ur instincts. As a culture, we must remember while cnvenience feels gd in the mment, ur capacity t adapt and vercme challenges is part f ur evlutinary inheritance (遗传) t, and central t the adventure f life.
1．What des the underlined wrd “seductive” in paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A．Attractive and inviting.B．Useful and practical.
C．Harmful and dangerus.D．Annying and frustrating.
2．What des“the evlutinary mismatch” primarily refer t?
A．The incnsistency between persnal gals and scietal expectatins.
B．The cntrast between mdern cnvenience and ancient challenges.
C．The argument ver the hunter-gatherer lifestyle f ancient peple.
D．The cnflict between ur natural instinct and the current envirnment.
3．What may priritizing cnvenience in mdern life result in?
A．It may lead t a lack f innvatin and prgress.
B．It may reduce ur ability t vercme challenges.
C．It may make us verly dependent n technlgy.
D．It may cause a decline in physical fitness.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Benefits f Mdern Technlgy
B．Understanding Evlutin in Tday’s Wrld
C．The Dark Side f Cnvenience in Mdern Life
D．Rejecting Mdern Cnvenience fr a Better Life
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了现代生活中便利性的利弊，以及为何人们会倾向于追求便利，同时指出了过度追求便利可能带来的问题。
1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“We ften resist ding the things we need t d in rder t make prgress. Behind every well-intentined plan lies this hrrible sense f inertia (惰性). Why is this resistance — and ur crrespnding appetite fr ease— such an essential part f ur makeup?(我们常常抗拒去做那些为了取得进步而需要做的事情。在每一个善意的计划背后，都隐藏着这种可怕的惰性。为何这种抗拒——以及我们相应的对轻松的渴望——会成为我们天性中如此重要的一部分呢？)”可知，我们天性有对轻松的渴望，所以便利对我们来说是具有很大的诱惑力的，推知seductive应是“诱人的”之意，和A项Attractive and inviting“有吸引力的”意思相近。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The evlutinary mismatch is the idea that we evlved fr a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and that while ur circumstances have changed cmpletely, ur brains and bdies haven’t.(进化不匹配是指我们进化出了一种狩猎采集的生活方式，虽然我们的环境已经完全改变了，但我们的大脑和身体却没有改变)”可知，“the evlutinary mismatch”主要是指我们的自然本能和当前环境之间的冲突。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Cntinually chsing the cnvenient path lessens yur ability t deal with unavidable difficulties.(不断选择方便的道路会削弱你处理不可避免的困难的能力)”可知，在现代生活中优先考虑便利可能会降低我们克服挑战的能力。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The fact that, as a culture, we celebrate such shrt cuts is understandable. That said, mst peple are able t sense that cnvenience has a darker side.(作为一种文化，我们推崇这样的捷径，这是可以理解的。话虽如此，大多数人都能感觉到便利也有其阴暗的一面)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了过度追求便利可能带来的问题，所以C项“现代生活中便利的阴暗面”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
K
(2026届广东省深圳市福田高三上学期第二次模拟英语试题)
The interplay between literature and scientific research has been evident thrughut histry. At a surface level, literature ften anticipates future scientific develpments, and science, in turn, prvides a rich surce f inspiratin fr literary creatin. Hwever, the interactin between these tw ges beynd mere creativity; it invites deeper thughts n the ethical (道德的) and philsphical impacts f technlgical advancements.
Fr instance, science fictin wrks like Isaac Asimv’s I, Rbt play a direct rle in shaping and inspiring the develpment f artificial intelligence (AI). This bk pictures a future where rbts cexist with humans and are gverned by the “Three Laws f Rbtics”. These laws nt nly influence the real-wrld AI research but als becme a crnerstne in the debate surrunding AI ethics. These fictinal laws prvide mre than just a blueprint fr scientists; they serve as a bridge, making cmplex technlgical issues easier fr the public t grasp.
Yet, the influence f literature n science extends even further. Take Liu Cixin’s The Three-Bdy Prblem as an example. The scientists in this fictin are nt merely pineers f scientific breakthrughs — they als represent the difficult chices and inner cnflicts that humanity faces. Thrugh their struggles, Liu presents a prfund questin: As science pushes us int new territry, are we truly prepared t bear the respnsibility fr the unfreseen impacts f technlgical advancements in the future?
The true value f literature in relatin t science is its ability t stir the pt. It nt nly questin what we can achieve thrugh science but als whether we shuld pursue these achievements. While science fcuses n prblem-slving and innvatin, literature makes us cnsider the brader influence n nature and sciety, ensuring ur prgress is guided by wisdm, understanding, and humanity.
1．What d we knw abut I, Rbt?
A．It instructs scientists in detail.B．It bsts research n bridges.
C．It facilitates public access t science.D．It sets laws fr rbts in the real wrld.
2．Why des the authr mentin The Three-Bdy Prblem?
A．T pint ut the cmplexity f science.
B．T warn abut the dangers f technlgy.
C．T shw literature’s mral cncerns abut science.
D．T suggest literature’s direct influence n innvatin.
3．What d the underlined wrds “stir the pt” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Explre and explain.B．Challenge and reflect.
C．Assume and examine.D．Educate and entertain.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Science: the Blueprint f LiteratureB．Science: a Whisper in Literature’s Ear
C．Literature: a Critical Insight int ScienceD．Literature: the Gateway t Scientific Ideas
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了文学与科学研究之间由来已久的相互影响力，强调文学对科学的影响不仅在于预测未来。文章以《我，机器人》和《三体》为例，揭示文学的真正价值在于引发人类对技术进步的思考，思考其对自然和社会的影响，以确保科学探索之路始终拥有智慧、理解和人文主义这三盏指路明灯。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These fictinal laws prvide mre than just a blueprint fr scientists; they serve as a bridge, making cmplex technlgical issues easier fr the public t grasp.(这些虚构的定律为科学家们提供的不仅仅是一个蓝图；它们还充当了一座桥梁，让公众更容易理解复杂的技术问题) 可知，这本书促进公众获取科学。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The scientists in this fictin are nt merely pineers f scientific breakthrughs — they als represent the difficult chices and inner cnflicts that humanity faces. Thrugh their struggles, Liu presents a prfund questin: As science pushes us int new territry, are we truly prepared t bear the respnsibility fr the unfreseen impacts f technlgical advancements in the future?(在这部小说里，科学家们不仅仅是科学突破的先驱者——他们还代表着人类所面临的艰难抉择和内心冲突。通过描写他们的挣扎，刘提出了一个深刻的问题：随着科学将我们推向新的领域，我们是否真的做好了准备，去承担未来技术进步所带来的那些难以预见的影响的责任呢？)”可推知，作者提及小说《三体》是为了展示文学作品对科学的道德关切。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It nt nly questin what we can achieve thrugh science but als whether we shuld pursue these achievements. While science fcuses n prblem-slving and innvatin, literature makes us cnsider the brader influence n nature and sciety, ensuring ur prgress is guided by wisdm, understanding, and humanity.(它不仅质疑我们通过科学能够取得什么样的成就，还质疑我们是否应该追求这些成就。虽然科学专注于解决问题和创新，但文学让我们思考其对自然和社会更广泛的影响，确保我们的进步是由智慧、理解和人性所引导的)”可知，文学相对于科学的真正价值在于它能提出质疑和让我们思考。由此可推测“stir the pt”意思是“挑战和反思”。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Hwever, the interactin between these tw ges beynd d mere creativity; it invites deeper thughts n the ethical (道德的) and philsphical impacts f techn lgical advancements.(然而，这两者之间的互动不仅仅是创造力；它引发了对技术进步的伦理和哲学影响的更深层次的思考)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了文学与科学研究之间的相互作用，文学不仅能预见未来科学发展，还能对科学技术进步带来的伦理和哲学影响进行深入思考，对科学进行批判性洞察。C选项“文学：对科学的批判性洞察”符合文章主旨，最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。
L
(2026届广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测英语试题)
Beneath the quiet surface f a frest lies a busy netwrk scientists call the “Wd Wide Web”. Far frm being islated individuals, trees cmmunicate, share resurces, and even send warnings thrugh an undergrund system f fungi (真菌).
The key players in this hidden cnversatin are mycrrhizal fungi. These thread-like rganisms cnnect tree rts, frming vast netwrks. Research frm the University f British Clumbia reveals that up t 90% f land plants depend n these fungi. Thrugh this interdependent relatinship, trees exchange nutrients like carbn and nitrgen. Older “mther trees” ften act as hubs, sending extra sugars t yunger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenmenn called “frest family cnnectins”.
When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Eclgy & Evlutin demnstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes prduce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals frm the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) prductin, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send ut warning signals thrugh fungal netwrks, pushing neighbrs t bst defensive resins (树脂).
Nt all interactins are cperative. Sme plants, like the ghst rchid, hack the netwrk t steal nutrients frm nearby trees withut ffering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release txins (毒素) t restrain cmpetitrs — a strategy called “bilgical warfare” by eclgists.
Understanding this “scial netwrk” challenges traditinal views f frests. Lgging dminant mther trees can cllapse entire ecsystems, much like remving servers frm the Internet. Scientists nw advcate fr selective cutting practices that preserve fungal netwrks, ensuring frests’ resilience (适应力) t climate change.
As authr Peter Whlleben ntes in The Hidden Life f Trees, “Frests are super-rganisms with intelligence we’re just beginning t decde.” This silent dialgue beneath ur feet reminds us that nature’s deepest cnversatins ften happen withut a single wrd.
1．What methd d acacia trees use t warn nearby trees f giraffe feeding?
A．Prducing defensive resins in bark.B．Transmitting electrical signals thrugh rts.
C．Releasing a warning gas int the air.D．Increasing sugar distributin via fungal netwrks.
2．What des “bilgical warfare” refer t in paragraph 4?
A．Using chemicals t kill insects.B．Releasing pisns t cntain cmpetitrs.
C．Fighting fr sunlight thrugh height.D．Stealing nutrients via undergrund rts.
3．Why shuld mther trees be preserved accrding t scientists?
A．They attract diverse wildlife species.B．They ffer yung trees nutrients.
C．They battle against climate change.D．They maintain ecsystem stability.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．The defensive strategies f trees.B．The cperative interactin between trees.
C．The imprtant rle f mther trees.D．The hidden cmmunicatin amng trees.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了森林中被科学家称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络系统。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 study in Nature Eclgy & Evlutin demnstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes prduce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals frm the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) prductin, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. (2023年《自然•生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差。)”可知，金合欢树是通过向空气中释放乙烯这种警告气体来提醒附近树木有长颈鹿在进食。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Nt all interactins are cperative. Sme plants, like the ghst rchid, hack the netwrk t steal nutrients frm nearby trees withut ffering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release txins (毒素) t restrain cmpetitrs (并非所有的互动都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽灵兰花，会利用网络从附近的树木中窃取养分，却不给予任何回报。其他物种，如黑胡桃树，则会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手)”可推理出，bilgical warfare指的是释放毒素来抑制竞争对手。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Lgging dminant mther trees can cllapse entire ecsystems, much like remving servers frm the Internet. (砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样。)”可知，科学家认为应该保护母树是因为它们能维持生态系统的稳定。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the quiet surface f a frest lies a busy netwrk scientists call the ‘Wd Wide Web’. Far frm being islated individuals, trees cmmunicate, share resurces, and even send warnings thrugh an undergrund system f fungi (真菌). (在安静的森林表面下，隐藏着一个繁忙的网络，科学家称之为“森林万维网”。树木不是孤立的个体，而是通过真菌的地下系统交流、共享资源，甚至发出警告。)”和最后一段中的“This silent dialgue beneath ur feet reminds us that nature’s deepest cnversatins ften happen withut a single wrd. (我们脚下的这种无声对话提醒我们，自然界最深刻的交流往往无需一言半语。)”可知，文章开篇就提到森林中存在被称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络，树木通过它进行无声交流、共享资源。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是树木之间隐藏的交流。故选D项。
M
(25-26高三上·江苏镇江一中、镇江中学、南京部分学校·月考)
Walking int Dryden Theater, I felt as if I had stepped int a time machine—the traditinal, ld-timey bx ffice, tns f ld-style mvie psters n the walls. As everyne tk their seats, an lder gentleman wh lked like he walked straight ut f the 1920s spke t all f the attendees.
Nrmally, Philip Carli is the pianist playing the live accmpaniment fr the films. Hwever, The Barker has music synchrnized (同步) with the film, s he was tasked with giving the audience a histrical backgrund f the film. Carli’s wide breadth f knwledge abut the backgrund f the film made it feel as if I was transprted t the time and place f The Barker befre the start f the film.
Earlier, films were played with live accmpaniment, cntained intertitles t add cntext, and sme added sund bites. With the inventin f synchrnized sund, films slwly added talking dialgue in scenes ccasinally. The Barker, released in 1928, is cnsidered a “part-talkie”.
The film, which explres the lives f wrkers, is the first appearance f all f the main cast in a talking rle. It was revlutinary fr the technlgy but als fr the actrs. My film experience cnsists f mstly talkies (有声电影), s watching The Barker, I felt like I witnessed smething brand new.
The experience was unlike any mvie-ging experience I have ever had. Since viewing films has gradually been reduced t streaming services, especially since the pandemic, this has increased the accessibility f film but we are stripped f a scial experience t watch a mvie — ne that attending The Barker reminded me f. This allwed us t return t the mvie-ging adventure. Finally, everyne wanted big screens and surrund sund rather than the tiny screens in bedrms. Mre imprtantly, we were all able t interact with a piece f cntent alngside ther peple.
The experience brught back the pastime f ging t the cinema — ne that I think we shuld cntinue t enjy. I say we take a page ut f the 1920s playbk and return back t the cinema.
1．Wh is Philip Carli?
A．A famus pianist in the film.B．A persn intrducing the music.
C．A staff member in a bx ffice.D．A musician playing music live.
2． What can we knw abut The Barker?
A．Its main cast had dialgues.
B．It had an ld-style mvie pster.
C．It was a talkie abut wrkers.
D．It attracted quantities f audience.
3．What des the underlined wrd “stripped” prbably mean in paragraph 5?
A．Disapprved.B．Dispssessed.
C．Transferred.D．Transfrmed.
4． What’s the purpse f this passage?
A．T intrduce a brand new film.
B．T cmpare silent films and sund films.
C．T appeal fr seeing films in the cinema.
D．T shw the authr’s preference fr films.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在德莱顿影院观看电影《The Barker》的独特体验，并呼吁人们重回电影院观影。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nrmally, Philip Carli is pianist playing the live accmpaniment fr the films.(通常，Philip Carli是为电影现场伴奏的钢琴家)”可知，Philip Carli是为电影现场伴奏的音乐家。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The film, which explres the lives f wrkers, is the first appearance f all f the main cast in a talking rle.(这部电影探讨了工人们的生活，是所有主要演员首次以发声角色亮相的作品)”可知，该电影的主要演员有对白。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Since viewing films has gradually been reduced t streaming services, especially since the pandemic, this has increased the accessibility f film but we are(由于观影逐渐减少到流媒体服务，尤其是在疫情之后，这增加了观影的便利性，但我们)”以及后文“a scial experience t watch a mvie — ne that attending The Barker reminded me f.(一种看电影的社交体验——观看《The Barker》让我想起了这种体验)”可知，后文提到在电影院观看《The Barker》让作者想起了看电影的社交体验，说明流媒体服务虽然增加了观影的便利性，但却剥夺了人们共同观影的社交体验。故stripped意思是“剥夺”。A. Disapprved不赞成；B. Dispssessed剥夺；C. Transferred转移；D. Transfrmed转变。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“The experience brught back the pastime f ging t the cinema — ne that I think we shuld cntinue t enjy. I say we take a page ut f the 1920s playbk and return back t the cinema.(这次经历让我想起了去电影院看电影的消遣方式——我认为我们应该继续享受这种方式。我说我们应该借鉴20世纪20年代的做法，回到电影院)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在德莱顿影院观看电影《The Barker》的独特体验，并呼吁人们重回电影院观影。可推知，文章的目的是呼吁人们去电影院看电影。故选C。
N
(25-26高三上·湖南长沙雅礼中学·月考)
“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life — and learning hw t make it real — is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result — an apprach knwn as systems thinking — is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system — r any ther netwrk — requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良的) peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals — and that the vast majrity are nt knwn. This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”
1． What is the main purpse f Prfessr Crystal’s questin mentined in the first paragraph?
A．T highlight a skill seldm taught t scientists.
B．T initiate a discussin n an unrealistic situatin.
C．T assess the students’ understanding f glbal hunger.
D．T inspire a creative apprach t a fundamental prblem.
2． Accrding t the secnd paragraph, what is the cre requirement f systems thinking?
A．It invlves a thrugh cnsideratin f varius related factrs.
B．It requires the applicatin f artificial intelligence in analysis.
C．It priritizes the imprvement f fd prductin efficiency.
D．It demands a fcus n ecnmic grwth abve everything else.
3． What des the example f nutritin research in paragraph 3 demnstrate?
A．The newest UN reprts n fd security are n lnger trustwrthy.
B．Machine learning has made traditinal nutritin science utdated.
C．Mst cmmn diseases are caused by a severe lack f unknwn bichemicals.
D．Achieving the first gal f systems thinking is mre challenging than it seems.
4． What des the underlined wrd “redress” in paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A．Recgnize. B．Crrect.C．Measure.D．Discuss.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Crystal教授通过提出假设性问题启发学生用系统性思维解决全球饥饿等根本问题，并阐述了系统性思维的核心要求、面临的挑战及重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中““What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life — and learning hw t make it real — is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement.(“如果世界上没有饥饿，那会是什么样？”这是克里斯塔尔（Crystal）教授会问学生的一个问题。她后来写道，学生们发现这个问题很难回答，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西——并学习如何让它成为现实——是一项罕见的技能。艺术家和工程师会接受这种技能的培养，但科学家却很少接受。克里斯塔尔决心改变这一现状，并帮助发起了一场全球运动。)”可知，Crystal教授提出这个问题的主要目的是启发学生对根本性问题采取创造性的方法。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety.(系统性思维对于实现零饥饿和改善营养等目标至关重要，因为它需要考虑食物的生产、加工、交付和消费方式，并研究这些因素如何与人类健康、环境、经济和社会相互交叉。)”可知，系统性思维的核心要求是全面考虑各种相关因素。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals — and that the vast majrity are nt knwn. This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking.(但是，一些科学家利用机器学习和人工智能提出，人类饮食至少由26000种生化物质组成，而绝大多数是未知的。这表明，在实现系统性思维的第一个目标之前，我们还有很长的路要走。)”可知，第三段中营养研究的例子表明实现系统性思维的第一个目标比看起来更具挑战性。故选D。
4．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne.(创造变革的系统方法也是建立在系统中的每个人都拥有平等权力的假设之上的。但正如一些研究人员所发现的，食物系统并不是平等的。)”以及“A gd way t redress such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.(redress这种权力不平衡的一个好方法是让更多的大学像Crystal那样做，教学生如何用系统的方法思考。)”可知，食物系统并不平等，因此需要采取措施来“纠正”这种权力不平衡。由此可知，redress意为“纠正”，与Crrect意思相近。故选B。
O
(25-26高三上·湖南师范大学附属中学·月考)
Des an apple a day keep diseases away? There has never been a clear answer agreeable t the whle medical prfessin. Hwever, recent research may finally prvide sme insights.
A team f nine researchers based at Tianjin University f Traditinal Chinese Medicine in China gathered mre than 200 apple-related medical studies frm the past decades. They painstakingly dug int these studies and ultimately published their reviews in Fd Science and Nutritin. This cmprehensive study shws the width f medical reprts addressing a wide range f health questins, winding up with a thught-prvking statement: “In cnclusin, the effects f apples and apple derivatives (衍生物), like apple juice, n disease risk reductin are bth challenging and encuraging.”
Apples appeal t diverse audiences, ranging frm scientists t anyne with a genuine taste fr apples. They ffer bth tantalizatin and mystery, even perhaps especially t scientists studying the cmplexities f the human brain. A research team in Belgium makes a cnnectin t apples while discussing hw “activities f daily living are difficult t perfrm in a lab r clinic”. This idea briefs the challenge f translating everyday experiences int scientific inquiry. Mrever, a specific Japanese study explains the cmplexities invlved in apple-centric research. The study presents a phtgraph with the wrds, “A subject, lying in an fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) envirnment, perfrms a mck-peeling task while bserving his hands, an apple, and a plastic knife mdel thrugh a mirrr.”
Thugh these studies reveal significant difficulties, they d nt stp prgress. “Chewing yellw apples,” an Iranian study published in 2021 suggests, “was discvered t be a mre effective methd in reducing dental diseases than chewing red apples r using tthbrushes.” This finding nt nly underlines the ptential health benefits f apples but als invites further explratin int hw varius types f apples might cntribute t verall well-being. The quest t answer whether an apple a day keeps diseases away cntinues, with each study adding anther layer t ur understanding f this belved fruit.
1． Hw did the Tianjin University research team cnduct their study?
A．By analyzing existing apple studies.
B．By using apples t treat health issues.
C．By gathering different apple varieties.
D．By perfrming experiments with apples.
2． What des the underlined wrd “tantalizatin” in paragraph 3 mst likely imply?
A．Charm.B．Puzzle.
C．Nutritin.D．Amazement.
3． What is the primary fcus f paragraph 3?
A．The medical benefits f apples.
B．The bstacles in apple research.
C．The challenge f studying daily activities.
D．The link between apples and brain functin.
4． Hw des the authr perceive current research n apples?
A．Interesting but nt practical.
B．Thrugh and widely accepted.
C．Demanding but full f ptential.
D．Innvative and highly effective.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于苹果与疾病关系的研究情况，包括研究结论、研究困难及部分研究成果。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“A team f nine researchers based at Tianjin University f Traditinal Chinese Medicine in China gathered mre than 200 apple-related medical studies frm the past decades. They painstakingly dug int these studies and ultimately published their reviews in Fd Science and Nutritin. (中国天津中医药大学的一个由九名研究人员组成的团队收集了过去几十年中200多项与苹果相关的医学研究。他们煞费苦心地深入研究这些研究，并最终在《食品科学与营养》上发表了他们的综述。)”可知，天津大学的研究团队是通过分析现有的苹果研究来进行研究的。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Apples appeal t diverse audiences, ranging frm scientists t anyne with a genuine taste fr apples. They ffer bth tantalizatin and mystery, even perhaps especially t scientists studying the cmplexities f the human brain. (苹果吸引了各种各样的受众，从科学家到任何真正喜欢苹果的人。它们既具有tantalizatin，又充满神秘感，尤其是对于研究人类大脑复杂性的科学家来说。)”可知，苹果对很多人有吸引力，划线单词tantalizatin意为“吸引力”，与Charm意义相近。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A research team in Belgium makes a cnnectin t apples while discussing hw “activities f daily living are difficult t perfrm in a lab r clinic”. This idea briefs the challenge f translating everyday experiences int scientific inquiry. Mrever, a specific Japanese study explains the cmplexities invlved in apple-centric research. The study presents a phtgraph with the wrds, “A subject, lying in an fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) envirnment, perfrms a mck-peeling task while bserving his hands, an apple, and a plastic knife mdel thrugh a mirrr.” (比利时的一个研究小组在讨论“日常生活活动在实验室或诊所很难进行”时，将研究与苹果联系起来。这一想法简要介绍了将日常经验转化为科学探究的挑战。此外，日本的一项具体研究解释了以苹果为中心的研究所涉及的复杂性。该研究展示了一张照片，上面写着：“一名受试者躺在功能性磁共振成像环境中，通过镜子观察他的手、苹果和塑料刀模型，进行模拟剥皮任务。”)”可知，本段通过比利时和日本研究的例子，具体说明将日常行为(如削苹果)转化为科学实验的困难，例如fMRI环境下的模拟任务，全段核心在于展现苹果研究中的“挑战”与“复杂性”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Des an apple a day keep diseases away? There has never been a clear answer agreeable t the whle medical prfessin. Hwever, recent research may finally prvide sme insights. (每天吃一个苹果可以预防疾病吗？整个医学界从未有过一个明确的答案。然而，最近的研究可能最终会提供一些见解。)”、第三段“A research team in Belgium makes a cnnectin t apples while discussing hw “activities f daily living are difficult t perfrm in a lab r clinic”. This idea briefs the challenge f translating everyday experiences int scientific inquiry. Mrever, a specific Japanese study explains the cmplexities invlved in apple-centric research. (比利时的一个研究小组在讨论“日常生活活动在实验室或诊所很难进行”时，将研究与苹果联系起来。这一想法简要介绍了将日常经验转化为科学探究的挑战。此外，日本的一项具体研究解释了以苹果为中心的研究所涉及的复杂性。)”以及第四段“Thugh these studies reveal significant difficulties, they d nt stp prgress. (尽管这些研究揭示了重大困难，但它们并没有阻止进展。)”可知，文章开头指出问题无定论，但近期研究提供新见解；中间承认研究存在困难；结尾强调发现潜力并呼吁进一步探索，由此可知，作者认为目前关于苹果的研究虽然要求高，但充满潜力。故选C。A．Randmly placed.
B．Carefully adjusted.
C．Ludly amplified.
D．Easily remved.