高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 People of Achievement练习题

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 People of Achievement练习题，共13页。试卷主要包含了　　　　　　　 10，t draw　考查动词不定式等内容，欢迎下载使用。
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.A man can be destryed but nt (打败).
2.Further infrmatin can be (获得) frm ur head ffice.
3.Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback(反馈) is (关键的) t grwth.
4.It can be fund in many places in nature—fireflies, sme mushrms—but (主要地) in the deep sea.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.After an (analyse) f the species, the research team cnfirmed it as a new species.
2.What makes the writer unique is nt nly his great wrks but als his (cmmit) t what he lves.
3.Hwever, technlgy is als the applicatin f (science) knwledge t slve a prblem, tuching lives in cuntless ways.
4.Here's sme (bil) water. Have a drink whenever yu're thirsty.
5. (academy) grades rarely evaluate qualities like creativity, leadership and teamwrk skills, r scial, emtinal and plitical intelligence.
6.I culdn't see Dn, but as I apprached the tractr he jumped ut nt the rad, (apparent) unhurt, and dashed back t me.
7.The effectiveness f this medicine (evaluate) by these scientists the ther day.
8.First f all, I'm very grateful t my teacher, Mrs Chpra, trusted me and ffered me the chance t make a speech here.
Ⅲ.选词填空
cmmit neself t; be vital t/fr; graduate frm; be acknwledged as; (be) distinct frm
Madam Curie 1. an utstanding female genius. 2. senir high schl, she wrked as a tutr. 3. ther girls, her dream was t becme a scientist. Therefre, she 4. the scientific research. Finally, she succeeded in discvering tw kinds f radiactive elements with her husband, which 5. physics and chemistry.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.众所周知,睡眠在保持身心健康方面发挥着重要的作用。(as,vital)
, sleep keeping healthy physically and mentally.
2.如果你的梦想是成为佼佼者并登上领奖台,你最好完全致力于你的运动。(cmmitted)
If yur dream is t be the best and reach the winner's platfrm, yu had better yur sprt.
3.科学营将于下个月开营,目的是鼓励更多的学生投身科学研究。(bjective)
The science camp will pen next mnth mre students t thrw themselves int research.
4.我的朋友坚持要开车送我去那儿,我在这寒冷的日子里感到了温暖。(一句多译)
①My friend me there, and I felt warmth in the cld day. (insist n)
②My friend me there,and I felt warmth in the cld day.(insist that...) (读后续写—友情)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Tu Yuyu is universally acknwledged as a scientist with great 1 (achieve). Brn in Ningb, China, Tu Yuyu graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. In 1967, she was chsen int a research team 2 was frmed by the Chinese gvernment with the aim f discvering a new treatment 3 malaria. She and her teammates examined ver 2,000 ld medical texts, 4 (evaluate) 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that shwed prmise in the fight against malaria. As a 5 (cmmit) and patient scientist, she never acknwledged defeat, whatever difficulty she met. After failing t draw ut useful extract by 6 (bil) the sweet wrmwd, she began even 7 (careful) thinking and research wrk. She drew 8 cnclusin that biling the sweet wrmwd destryed 9 (it) medical prperties. S she used a lwer temperature 10 (draw) ut the extract and finally she succeeded.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Many great peple in the wrld cmmit themselves t 1 (imprve) sciety in their wn ways. Fr example, Jane Gdall, a wman frm Britain, wuld rather spend time studying chimps(黑猩猩) in the wild in Africa than lead 2 cmfrtable life. Fr 40 years she has been utspken (直率的) in making the rest f the wrld understand and respect the life f chimps.
Lin Qiazhi, a 3 (special) in wmen's diseases, is anther wman wh has made remarkable achievements. There was stry after stry f hw Lin Qiazhi,tired after a day's wrk,went late at night 4 (deliver) a baby fr a pr family, 5 culd nt pay her. It was because f her hard wrk and great 6 (cnsider) fr her patients 7 tens f thusands f babies were delivered 8 (safe) by her.
A third example is Yuan Lngping, the first 9 (agriculture) pineer in the wrld t grw hybrid rice. Using his hybrid rice, farmers 10 (prduce) many mre harvests in the past few decades. Therefre, nw the UN has mre scientific tls in the battle against hunger in the wrld. In shrt, s impressive is their wrk that they all deserve praising and learning frm.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Gerge Shull was brn in 1874 n a farm in Clark Cunty, Ohi, and his knwledge f plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed n the farm, Shull received his early frmal educatin ff and n. Hwever, it was added by intense hme study s that by 1892, he was teaching in a public schl, and later attending Antich Cllege.
In 1901, he graduated frm Antich and went t the University f Chicag t d graduate wrk. With his knwledge f btany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and tk up a psitin as a btanical assistant at the U.S. Natinal Herbarium. He als wrked at the U.S. Bureau f Plant Industry as a btanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals f the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sund. The data he cllected during this time was t cmprise his Ph.D. paper. And in 1904 he was appinted t be in charge f plant wrk at the Statin fr Experimental Evlutin.
He began wrking n crn in 1905. Fllwing Gregr Mendel's example, Shull btained purebred(纯种的) lines f crn thrugh self-pllinatin(自花受粉). The purebred lines were less healthy and prductive, but when he crssed the purebred lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any f the parents r thse pllinated in the pen fields. As a cnsequence, he immediately recgnized the ptential fr using this strategy and device t imprve crp yields.
In 1915, Shull accepted a prfessrship at Princetn University. With his encuragement, Princetn University Press began the publicatin f a new jurnal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editr fr ten years. Genetics is still ne f the tp internatinal science jurnals.
Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent mst f their later years with their children and grandchildren.
1.What des the underlined part “ff and n” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Nt surprisingly. B.Very frmally. C.Very excellently. D.Nt regularly.
2.What's Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A.Gerge Shull's cntributins. B.Gerge Shull's research.
C.Gerge Shull's wrk experience. D.Gerge Shull's educatin.
3.What was s special abut Shull's methd f crn breeding?
A.It cmpletely relied n self-pllinatin. B.It was first published in Genetics.
C.It was widely accepted in Ohi. D.It fcused n crssing purebred lines.
4.Hw des the authr mainly develp the text?
A.By giving examples. B.By fllwing time rder.
C.By making cmparisns. D.By presenting a scientific study.
B
Three scientists wh studied hw cells sense and adapt t xygen levels have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. William G. Kaelin Jr f the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe f Oxfrd University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza f Jhns Hpkins University were jintly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discveries by this year's Nbel Prize winners shwed life's mst adaptive prcesses,”Randall Jhnsn, a member f the Nbel Assembly at Sweden's Karlinska Institute, said. “The three physicians fund the mlecular switch(分子开关) that regulates hw ur cells adapt when xygen levels drp.”
“Cells and tissues are cnstantly experiencing changes in xygen availability,” Jhnsn said. “As an embry(胚胎) grws and develps, and as muscles wrk, the xygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way t adjust t the amunt f xygen they have, while still ding their imprtant jbs.”
The cmmittee said that the discveries were vital fr physilgy and culd explit new strategies t fight anemia, cancer and many ther diseases.
Kaelin was brn in New Yrk and received his dctrate in medicine frm Duke University. He received his specialist training in internal medicine and nclgy at the Jhns Hpkins Hspital, Baltimre, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bstn.
Ratcliffe was brn in Lancashire, the United Kingdm, and studied medicine at Gnville and Caius Cllege at Cambridge University and received his specialist training in nephrlgy at Oxfrd. He is the directr f clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in Lndn and a member f the Ludwig Institute fr Cancer Research.
Semenza was brn in New Yrk. He btained a B.A. in bilgy frm Harvard and his M.D. frm the University f Pennsylvania. He received his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the directr f the Vascular Research Prgram at the Jhns Hpkins Institute fr Cell Engineering.
5.What can we knw abut the three scientists?
A.They studied different fields. B.They shared ne prize.
C.They researched heart disease. D.They fund the functin f embrys.
6.What did Jhnsn think f the discveries?
A.Imprtant. B.Meaningless. C.Interesting. D.Disappinting.
7.What d the last three paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A.The three scientists' achievements. B.The influence f the discveries.
C.The example set by the three scientists. D.The intrductin f the three scientists.
参考答案
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.btained 3.crucial/vital 4.mstly
Ⅱ 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词an和空后的介词f可知设空处应用名词;analyse的名词形式是analysis,意为“分析”。故填analysis。句意:经过对该物种的分析,研究团队确认它为新物种。
2.cmmitment 考查名词。由设空处前面的his和后面的t可知此处应填名词cmmitment,ne's cmmitment t sth.表示“某人对某事物的投入”。句意:令这位作家独一无二的不仅是他伟大的作品,还有他对所热爱的事情的投入。
3.scientific 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词knwledge,应用形容词,故填scientific。scientific knwledge意为“科学知识”。
4.biled 考查过去分词。句意:这里有一些烧开过的水。你渴的时候可以喝。biled water意为“烧开过的水,白开水”,故填biled。
5.Academic 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词grades,所以此处应用形容词,且置于句首,故填Academic。academic grades 意为“学术成绩”。句意:学术成绩很少评估像创造力、领导力和团队合作能力,或社交智能、情商和政治才智这样的素质。
6.apparently 考查副词。设空处前面为逗号,后面为形容词unhurt,故应用副词作状语,故填apparently,意为“显然”。
7.was evaluated 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,由句中的时间状语the ther day可知此处应用一般过去时,此处指“这种药的有效性在几天前被这些科学家评估过了”,The effectiveness和evaluate之间是被动关系,且主语是第三人称单数,故填was evaluated。
8.wh 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,逗号前面是完整的一句话, trusted me and ffered me the chance t make a speech here中缺少主语,结合语境可知,“信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会”的人是Chpra夫人,故设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且先行词为Mrs Chpra,故此处应用引导词wh。句意:首先,我非常感谢我的老师Chpra夫人,她信任我并给我在这里发表演讲的机会。
Ⅲ acknwledged as 2.Graduating frm 3.Distinct frm 4.cmmitted herself t 5.are vital t/fr
Ⅳ we all knw;plays a vital rle in 2.be ttally cmmitted t 3.with the bjective f encuraging;scientific
4.①insisted n driving ②insisted that he/she shuld drive
能力提升练
Ⅰ 考查名词及其单复数。设空处作with的宾语且根据空前的形容词great可知设空处应用名词,achieve的名词形式为achievement;此处指屠呦呦被普遍认为是一个有伟大成就的科学家,设空处表示“成就”;achievement表示“成就”时是可数名词,空前没有冠词等限定词,应用其复数形式。故填achievements。
2.that/which 考查关系代词。设空处前为名词短语a research team, 2 was frmed by the Chinese gvernment中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a research team,指物,故用关系代词that或which。
3.fr 考查介词。(a) treatment fr...意为“治疗……的方法”,a new treatment fr malaria意为“一种治疗疟疾的新方法”,故填fr。
4.evaluated 考查动词的时态。设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语,应用一般过去时,故填evaluated。
5.cmmitted 考查形容词。设空处与patient并列作定语修饰名词scientist,应用形容词。此处表示“尽心尽力的”,故填cmmitted。
6.biling 考查动名词。by为介词,后接名词、动名词,提示词为动词,故用动名词。by ding sth.意为“通过做某事”。
7.mre careful 考查形容词的比较级。此处指她开始了甚至更加仔细的思考和研究工作,含有比较的意思,且前面有even修饰,故应用形容词的比较级。故填mre careful。
8.the/a 考查冠词。draw the/a cnclusin that...意为“得出那个/一个……的结论”。故填the或a。
9.its 考查形容词性物主代词。此处指破坏了它的药用性质,设空处修饰空后的名词prperties,应用形容词性物主代词its。
10.t draw 考查动词不定式。use sth. t d sth.意为“使用某物做某事”。故填t draw。
Ⅱ.
1.imprving 考查动名词。 cmmit neself t ding sth. 意为“致力于做某事”,故填imprving。
2.a 考查冠词。lead a(n)意为“过着……生活”,此处泛指一种舒适的生活,且cmfrtable的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
3.specialist 考查名词。结合不定冠词a可知,这里应用可数名词单数specialist(专家)作Lin Qiazhi的同位语。故填specialist。
4.t deliver 考查不定式。句意:数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在一天的工作之后,拖着疲惫不堪的身体在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生,而这些家庭不能给她报酬。设空处在这里作目的状语。故填动词不定式t deliver。
5.wh 考查定语从句。设空处前面有逗号,且逗号前面内容的意思完整,设空处前为名词短语 a pr family, 5 culd nt pay her中缺少主语,结合语境可知所缺主语即前面的a pr family,故设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 a pr family,故用关系代词wh。
6.cnsideratin 考查名词。根据空前的形容词great可知设空处应用名词,cnsider的名词形式为cnsideratin,作“体贴,体谅”讲,为不可数名词。
7.that 考查强调句型。句意:正是由于她的辛勤工作和对病人的深切关怀,数万个婴儿才能安全地被她接生。本句是强调句,其句子结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他”,此处被强调部分是原因状语because f her hard wrk and great cnsideratin fr her patients。故填that。
8.safely 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰were delivered。故填safely。
9.agricultural 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词pineer。故填agricultural。agricultural pineer意为“农业先锋”。
10.have prduced 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:利用他的杂交水稻,农民在过去的几十年里有了更多的收成。根据时间状语in the past few decades可知,设空处应使用现在完成时,主语farmers为复数,故填have prduced。
Ⅲ.
A
1.D 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Being needed n the farm”可知,Gerge Shull小时候需要干农活,所以无法正常接受正规教育。所以ff and n意为“断断续续地,间歇性地”,与D项“不定期地”意思最为接近。故选D。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“d graduate wrk”“tk up a psitin as a btanical assistant”“He als wrked at...”“in 1904 he was appinted t be in charge f plant wrk”等信息可知,第二段主要是在讲述Gerge Shull的工作经历。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The purebred lines were less healthy and imprve crp yields.”可知,杂交品种能够提高作物产量,所以Shull的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注于杂交纯种品种。故选D。
4.B
B
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“William G. Kaelin jintly awarded the prize.”,尤其是重点信息词 jintly可知三位科学家共得同一个奖项。故选B。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The meaningful discveries by this year's Nbel Prize winners shwed life's mst adaptive prcesses”,尤其是重点信息词meaningful可推断出Jhnsn认为他们的发现非常重要,故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。通过分析最后三段,可看到was brn in, , received his specialist training in..., is the directr f...等重复的信息,这些信息主要介绍三位科学家的出生信息、学术背景和现在的工作,所以这三段主要在介绍三位科学家。故选D。