2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第28天

这是一份2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第28天，共26页。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·广东广州·华南师大附中校考阶段练习)
Inspired by his mentr Luis Sullivan, an influential figure in the wrld f mdernist architecture, Frank Llyd Wright cined the term “rganic architecture” arund 1908.
Rather than imitating nature r rganic elements within the natural wrld, rganic architecture is mre cncerned with re-interpretatin f nature and harmny between the rganic and the built envirnment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put tgether t reflect the rder within nature. Here are fur f the mst striking examples.
Casa Milà
Lcatin: Barcelna, Spain
Year f cmpletin: 1910
Architect: Antni Caudi
Cnsidered the greatest master f Catalan Mdernism, Antni Gaudi was devted t nature and the Cathlic religin. While he riginally intended this rganic building t have a religius purpse, it is nw an apartment building. True t the rganic style, it features hney shapes that seemingly emerge frm the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technlgical University (NTU)
Lcatin: Singapre
Year f cmpletin: 2015
Architect: Thmas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub cnsists f 12 eight-strey twers arranged arund a public atrium (天井). The rganic nature f the building extends t its interir with features like gardens that are intended t encurage scial interactins and study amng students.
Falling Water
Lcatin: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year f cmpletin:1939
Architect: Frank Llyd Wright
A classic f mdernism and rganic architecture, Falling Water sits n tp f a waterfall. Frank Llyd Wright designed it fr the Kaufmann family wh—thugh they had riginally hped fr a view f the waterfall-came t lve the hme.
East Beach Café
Lcatin: Littlehamptn, UK
Year f cmpletin: 2007
Architect: Thmas Heatherwick
Lcated in a seaside area with an industrial histry, East Beach Café resembles a piece f driftwd. Frty meters lng, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially plarized lcals, but has since been well-received by the whle cmmunity. It was the first building fr Thmas Heatherwick wh previusly was better knwn as a sculptr.
1. Which building was designed t serve a religius purpse?
A. Casa Milà.B. Learning Hub at NTU.
C. Falling Water.D. East Beach Cafe.
2. What d we knw abut the fur buildings in the text?
A. They are architectural classics f mdernism.
B. They feature imitatins f animals r elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was nt welcmed by all the lcals initially.
D. The designer f Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the cncept “rganic architecture’’.
3. Which f the fllwing magazines is the text prbably taken frm?
A. Natinal Gegraphic.B. Architectural Digest.
C. Organic Gardening.D. BBC Histry.
B
(2023·福建福州·福建师大附中校考期中)
The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne’s life, and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year; and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin.
One thing I decide n this year is t give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bkman clumn in this magazine. It’s nt that I’ve lst interest in the bk wrld. But Lenard Wlf, husband f American writer Virginia Wl (1882—1941), used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years. Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far, I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business.
It is ver 15 years since ur editr wrte t me and asked if I wuld be interested in writing a regular piece abut what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene. He apprached me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blg called, Grumpy Old Bkman.
As my mnthly survey f develpments in bth traditinal and digital publishing cntinued, in this magazine, I began t realize that writers in this century, f bth fictin and nn-fictin, are living in smething clse t a paradise (天堂). Once, yu struggled fr years t find a publisher— r an agent if yu wanted ne—but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff, either digitally r in paperback, withut it csting yu a penny piece.
After abut five years f prducing such clumns, it ccurred t me that, rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time, it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat, using Amazn’s Create Space facilities. Title: Writers Rejice! A mnthly diary f the dawn f the digital age, which was my first trial. And nw I sincerely wish a new 2024.
4. Why des the authr want t give up writing the clumn?
A. He is fed up with the career linked t bks.B. He is very keen n trying smething new.
C. He fllws Lenard Wlf’s suggestin.D. He’s used t changing his jb every seven years.
5. Accrding t the authr, what can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A. Nw it is amazing t find a publisher easily.B. Publishing industry is a prfitable business.
C. It is rather hard t publish bks nwadays.D. It is a blessing t live in the present times.
6. What d yu think f the authr?
A. Emtinal and gd at cntrlling himself.B. Dedicated but easy t dubt himself.
C. Purpseful and gd at self-adjustment.D. Ambitius but unwilling t change himself.
7. What des the authr mainly want t tell us?
A. Giving up timely is anther virtue.B. Changing the jb means a new pprtunity.
C. The beginning f a year is a new start.D. Reflectin can drive us t push frward.
C
（2024·广东深圳·部分学校阶段联考）
Next time yu’re having truble slving a tricky puzzle, cnsider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that bumblebees can learn certain behavirs frm each ther, suggesting these scial insects have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”
In the past cuple f decades, a grwing bdy f evidence has shwn that animals like chimps and birds shw behavirs f learning. If what they learn lasts fr a lng time, it turns int a traditin. And culture is made up f multiple traditins. “Bumblebees, thugh, have sme f the mst cmplex behaviral abilities, nbdy’s really thught t lk at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs instead,” says Alice Bridges, a behaviral eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
T prve them wrng, Bridges built a puzzle bx, whse base held the reward: a drp f super sweet sugar water. The bx was designed with a rtating (旋转) tp that can be rtated by pushing either n a red tab clckwise r a blue tab anti-clckwise. Sme bees were trained t push the red tab t get the sugar water while thers pushed the blue ne. Then, these tutr bees were placed inside different clnies (蜂群), alng with the puzzle bxes.
The experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had riginally learned t push the red tab, the ther bees in the clny usually pushed the red tab. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue tab, their fellw bees als tended t d the same. In cntrast, in the cntrl grups withut tutrs, the bees smetimes learned hw t pen the bxes, but mst f them wuld d it nce r twice and then never again. “They perhaps hadn’t quite made the link between their behavir and the reward,” Bridges suppses.
“Many f us cnsider urselves t be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and we’re scial,” Bridges says. “But nw it turns ut that even the bee als has culture, which is an uncmfrtable truth: human culture, nce thught unique, des nt emerge ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary fundatins.
8．What is peple’s cmmn attitude t bumblebees having culture?
A．Psitive.B．Indifferent.C．Interested.D．Dubtful.
9．Why des Bridges place trained bees inside different clnies?
A．T test their learning capability in new settings.
B．T see if they will spread the secret f the bxes.
C．T evaluate their ruling pwer in varius grups.
D．T bserve if they will share their fd with peers.
10．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning the study?
A．Its appeal t the public.B．Implicatins n cultural rigins.
C．Its practical applicatin.D．Suggestins fr future directins.
11．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Human Culture Is Lsing Its Uniqueness
B．Bee’s Behavir Builds n Bilgical Factrs
C．Culture May Be Present Amng Bumblebees
D．Animals’ Evlutin May Start Frm Clnies
D
（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考一模）
I have frequently taught Research Methds and Design t cllege students at several institutins. I lve teaching this curse. One reasn, f curse, is that I enjy thinking abut research methdlgy (方法学) and sharing it with thers. The ther reasn, hwever, is the bvius impact that it has n students. Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students t achieve in this curse.
This brings t mind smething written by Drthy L. Sayers in 1948. One f her bks, The Lst Tls f Learning speaks t Sayers’ thughts n educatin. “By teaching ur yung men and wmen t read, we have left them at the mercy f the printed wrds. By the inventin f the film and the radi,we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her bservatin is still relevant. Sayers’ pint is well taken. In the wrld f 24-hur news and scial media that ften resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability t carry ut evaluatins has never been mre imprtant. In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methds and Design curse, they are generally nt cntent t read all thse research article I give. Hwever, by the end f the curse, they are excited abut their newly btained abilities.
12．What is the authr’s curse gal fr her students?
A．Thinking critically.B．Reading deeply.
C．Designing studies well.D．Questining themselves.
12．What did Sayers imply abut educatin?
A．It was bring.B．It was wrrying.
C．It was cnventinal.D．It was useless.
13．What des the underlined wrd “distrtins” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Ppular news.B．Varius evaluatins.
C．Persuasive arguments.D．Misleading infrmatin.
15．Why des the authr write the text?
A．T review a bk.B．T intrduce a writer.
C．T suggest a practical skill.D．T criticize scial media.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
Birthdays are suppsed t be happy ccasins where celebratins, being spiled and psitive reflectin are all part f the day. Unfrtunately, feeling depressed abut an appraching birthday, as a persn ages, is cmmn. The fllwing may help fight ff Birthday Blues.
·Find the best way t celebrate
16 If smene lves luxurius celebratins, then they shuld try t have that srt f a day. If they prefer quality time with family, then they culd make arrangements. On the ther hand, ding smething n their birthday that they d nt enjy, will make it harder fr them t have a gd time.
·Keep busy
If the Birthday Blues threaten t have a negative impact n smene, it may be better t avid the day altgether. 17 D smething else. Negative thughts can be easily frgtten s a persn can mve n with their life.
· 18
It is OK t be sad smetimes, but drwning in sadness all day is unhelpful fr anyne struggling with negative emtins. Fr thse wh always get the Birthday Blues, it might be a gd idea just t accept that they might feel sad and anxius. 19 Acknwledge them, and then put them t ne side and get n with the day in a mre psitive frame f mind.
·D smething special
Hwever much peple hate r fear their birthday, they can make it better if they plan smething fr that day that cannt fail t bring them excitement. They may think abut bking t see a shw, getting a spa, r ging ut fr dinner. 10
A．Set a sadness time limit.
B．Turn the sadness int a helpful experience.
C．Allw thse feelings t cme int their mind.
D．Remving negative thughts finally pays ff.
E．Keeping distracted will ensure the day passes quickly.
F．Birthdays are days when it is acceptable t be a bit selfish.
G．Whatever is likely t lift their spirits may help them feel better.
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2023·河北保定·唐县第一中学校考期末）
David hped t be a teacher when he was yung. “The minute I walked int my university, I knew 1 what I wanted t be,” he says. “The teachers were s 2 and welcme.”
As an educatin majr, he was excited t learn his classrm 3 wuld begin during his secnd year f his university. “That was very imprtant t me because I didn’t want t 4 until I was a student teacher t get int a classrm,” he says. David was als 5 by his university’s shrt-term study abrad prgram and the pprtunities it ffers t students t be adaptable t the university.
David quickly adapted himself t the university. He was 6 freshman class president and jined many rganizatins, all abut children educatin. He als held several campus 7 , tk n several leadership psitins and was accepted int a leadership develpment prgram. “These 8 allwed me t learn things utside the classrm. I built my 9 in leadership and teamwrk,” says David. “These are real life experiences that I can 10 t the classrm.”
By the end f the secnd year f his university, David had 11 tw practicums (实习课) at elementary schls, including a special educatin internship (实习) fcused n students with reading 12 . He went n t finish tw 13 practicums and a student teaching task ver the next tw years.
Tw mnths befre graduatin, David was 14 a full-time psitin as a special educatin teacher at Millstne River Elementary Schl in the West Windsr—the same schl where he cmpleted his junir practicum in spring 2017. “It is such a relief t be hired s early. I feel all my hard wrk 15 ,” he says.
1．A．regularlyB．exactlyC．widelyD．randmly
2．A．cleverB．prudC．warmD．mean
3．A．playingB．buildingC．disciplinesD．experiences
4．A．runB．waitC．studyD．respnd
5．A．bredB．frightenedC．attractedD．cnfused
6．A．vtedB．allwedC．sentD．left
7．A．librariesB．tasksC．jbsD．psters
8．A．failuresB．perfrmancesC．requestsD．activities
9．A．skillsB．tipsC．rightD．bdy
10．A．returnB．bringC．thrwD．award
11．A．chsenB．frgttenC．refusedD．cmpleted
12．A．disrdersB．preferencesC．abilitiesD．habits
13．A．easyB．expensiveC．additinalD．strange
14．A．passedB．fferedC．shwedD．served
15．A．paid ffB．went wrngC．fell apartD．brke dwn
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·湖北荆州·荆州中学校考阶段练习)
This year’s unfrgettable Games, credited as ne f the 1 (gd) Asian Games in histry, 2 (leave) an indelible legacy n the city in the future, the Chinese peple and the cntinent.
In cntrast 3 the pening ceremny, during the clsing ceremny, athletes frm all delegatins (代表团) entered the stadium tgether, mingling (交际) withut regard t natinality. They waved flags, laughed, hugged and psed fr pictures while the audience applauded and cheered.
During the Games, 15 wrld recrds, 37 Asian recrds and 170 Asian Games new recrds were set by tp 4 (athlete). In terms f medals, the Chinese team shwed its dminance. China tpped the gld medal table fr the 11th time in a rw and earned mre than 200 gld medals at an Asian Games fr 5 first time. Japan and Suth Krea were secnd and third in the medal table. 6 is mre ntewrthy (注意) is that many delegatins made histric breakthrughs in sme 7 (traditinal) weaker events, 8 (break) the mnply (垄断) f strng teams. Other reginal sprts als 9 (catch) the attentin f mre peple thrugh the Asian Games, such as Kabaddi and Sepaktakraw .
In additin, this Asian Games als impressed the public regarding the use f 10 (advance) technlgy and sustainable develpment. At such a fairy-tale gathering, the spiritual pwer f Asia was nce again prmted. At the same time, China’s internatinalizatin and penness were n display.
第【28】天 自我评测
日期
用时（建议60分钟内）
成绩（总分80分）
2024年 月 日
分钟
答案&解析
第二部分 阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座建筑的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Casa Milà部分“While he riginally intended this rganic building t have a religius purpse, it is nw an apartment building.” (虽然他最初打算将这座有机建筑用于宗教目的，但它现在是一栋公寓楼。)可知，Casa Milà最开始是打算用于宗教目的的。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据East Beach Café部分“Frty meters lng, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially plarized lcals, but has since been well-received by the whle cmmunity.” (它长40米，宽7米，高5米，最初在当地引起了两极分化，但后来受到了整个社区的欢迎。)可知，这个咖啡厅在建立之初并不受到所有当地人的欢迎。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather than imitating nature r rganic elements within the natural wrld, rganic architecture is mre cncerned with re-interpretatin f nature and harmny between the rganic and the built envirnment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put tgether t reflect the rder within nature. Here are fur f the mst striking examples.”（有机建筑不是模仿自然或自然界中的有机元素，而是更关注对自然的重新诠释，以及有机环境与建筑环境之间的和谐。它确保了建筑内部的单个元素被组合在一起，以反映自然的秩序。以下是四个最引人注目的例子。）结合全文介绍了四座引人注意的有机建筑的例子推知，本文应该是选自《建筑文摘》这本杂志。故选B。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来重新审视自己的抱负，今年作者准备放弃自己的专栏，开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式出版出来，让潜在读者受益，于是作者进行了第一次尝试。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But Lenard Wlf, husband f American writer Virginia Wl (1882—1941), used t say a man shuld change his career every seven years. Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far, I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business. (但是作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔的丈夫伦纳德·伍尔夫，曾经说过一个男人应该每七年换一次职业。虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。)”可知，作者放弃写专栏是因为他采纳了伦纳德·伍尔夫的建议。故选C项。
5. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I began t realize that writers in this century, f bth fictin and nn-fictin, are living in smething clse t a paradise(天堂) (我开始意识到，这个世纪的小说和非小说作家都生活在一个接近天堂的地方)”和“but nw yu can publish yur wn stuff, either digitally r in paperback, withut it csting yu a penny piece (但现在你可以出版自己的作品了，无论是电子版的作品还是平装本的作品，每本都不用花一分钱)”可知，作者认为如今的作家生活在一个天堂般的地方，作家们出版自己的作品可以不用花一分钱，由此可推测出，作者认为生活在当今这个时代是一种福气。故选D项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin (多年来，我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负)”、第二段中的“One thing I decide n this year is t give up writing the Grumpy (暴躁的) Old Bkman clumn in this magazine. (今年我决定放弃在这本杂志上写‘脾气暴躁的老书呆子’专栏。)”和“Thugh I wuld say that changing yur whle career frequently is ging a bit far, I d find that it serves as a great refresher if yu can ccasinally try a new jb within the same line f business. (虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。)”可知，作者一直在审视自己的抱负，并放弃了一直写的专栏，并且作者认为偶尔尝试一份新工作是一种很好的提神剂，由此可推测出，作者非常善于自我调整。根据最后一段中的“After abut five years f prducing such clumns, it ccurred t me that, rather than let these essays fade away n the seas f time, it might be valuable t publish my thughts and cmments in bk frm t ptential readers. Hence, in 2014, I published the first 69 GOB clumns in paperback frmat, using Amazn’s Create Space facilities. (在写了大约五年这样的专栏之后，我突然想到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中消失，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式出版给潜在的读者看。因此，在2014年，我使用亚马逊的Create Space，以平装本的形式出版了前69篇GOB专栏。)”可知，作者决定把自己的想法和评论出版出来，并且最终付诸了行动，由此可推测出，作者是一个目的明确的人。故选C项。
7. 文章大意题。通读全文可知，第一段“The turn f the year is the time fr reviewing ne’s life, and fr making sme reslutins abut what t cncentrate n in the cming year; and fr many years I have taken advantage f the hliday t review my wn ambitin. (一年之交是回顾自己生活的时候，也是决定来年要专注于什么的时候；我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负。)”引出本文要谈论的话题，即作者总是会自我反思，接下来具体讲述了作者准备放弃自己的专栏并开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式出版出来这件事的经过。由此可推测出，作者主要想告诉我们反思可以推动我们前进。故选D项。
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段““Bumblebees, thugh, have sme f the mst cmplex behaviral abilities, nbdy’s really thught t lk at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs instead,” says Alice Bridges, a behaviral eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University in England. (英国Anglia Ruskin大学的行为生态学家Alice Bridges说：“尽管大黄蜂有一些最复杂的行为能力，但没有人真正考虑过这种昆虫的文化，通常认为它们主要是由先天因素驱动的。”)”可知，人们通常认为大黄蜂的文化是由先天因素驱动的，对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第五段“The experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had riginally learned t push the red tab, the ther bees in the clny usually pushed the red tab. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue tab, their fellw bees als tended t d the same. (实验最终成功了。在辅导蜂最初学会按下红色标签的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他蜜蜂通常会按下红色标签。在辅导蜂被训练按下蓝色标签的蜂群，它们的同伴也倾向于这样做)”可推知，布里奇斯把经过训练的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里，是为了观察蜜蜂是否会传播盒子里的秘密，将自己的行为传播给同伴。故选B。
10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But nw it turns ut that even the bee als has culture, which is an uncmfrtable truth: human culture, nce thught unique, des nt emerge ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary fundatins. (但现在事实证明，即使是蜜蜂也有文化，这是一个令人不安的事实：人类文化，曾经被认为是独一无二的，并不是‘突然’出现的，而是显然建立在深厚的进化基础上的)”可知，本段主要介绍了曾经被认为是独一无二的文化并不是突然出现，而是逐渐进化而来的，本段主要谈论了这项研究对于文化起源的影响。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that bumblebees can learn certain behavirs frm each ther, suggesting these scial insects have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.” (PLOS Bilgy杂志上的一项新研究发现，大黄蜂可以相互学习某些行为，这表明这些群居昆虫具有我们人类所说的“文化”的能力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力，所以“文化可能存在于大黄蜂中”可以作为文章标题。故选C。
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们应该学会批判性思考。
12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。由第二段中的“By teaching ur yung men and wmen t read, we have left them at the mercy f the printed wrds. By the inventin f the film and the radi, we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
14．词句猜测题。由第二段中的“By the inventin f the film and the radi, we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence. (通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用distrtins轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleading infrmatin）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distrtins意为“Misleading infrmatin”。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“Hwever, by the end f the curse, they are excited abut their newly btained abilities. (然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。
【答案】16．F 17．E 18．A 18．C 20．G
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了帮助你战胜生日忧郁的方法。
16．分析设空位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“If smene lves luxurius celebratins, then they shuld try t have that srt f a day. If they prefer quality time with family, then they culd make arrangements.(如果有人喜欢奢华的庆祝活动，那么他们应该试着过这样的一天。如果他们更喜欢与家人共度美好时光，那么他们可以做出安排)”可知，本段主要讲述了人们可以按照自己喜欢的方式去庆祝生日，所以F项“Birthdays are days when it is acceptable t be a bit selfish. (生日是可以允许有点自私的日子)”符合文意，为本段中心句。故选F项。
17．根据前文“If the Birthday Blues threaten t have a negative impact n smene, it may be better t avid the day altgether. (如果“生日忧郁”可能会对某人产生负面影响，那么最好完全避开这一天)”以及后文“D smething else. Negative thughts can be easily frgtten s a persn can mve n with their life.(做点别的事情。消极的想法很容易被忘记，这样人们就可以继续他们的生活)”可知，空处应是过渡句，从提议避开这一天搭配提出做点别的事情，所以E项“Keeping distracted will ensure the day passes quickly. (保持注意力分散会让时间过得很快)”符合文意，起到过渡作用，引出下文。故选E项。
18．分析设空，应是本段小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据下文“It is OK t be sad smetimes, but drwning in sadness all day is unhelpful fr anyne struggling with negative emtins. (有时悲伤是可以的，但是整天沉浸在悲伤中对任何与消极情绪斗争的人都没有帮助)”可知，本段主要讲述了悲伤可以，但是不能沉浸在悲伤中无法自拔，所以A项“Set a sadness time limit. (设定悲伤的时间限制)”是本段的标题。故选A项。
19．根据前文“Fr thse wh always get the Birthday Blues, it might be a gd idea just t accept that they might feel sad and anxius. (对于那些总是患有生日忧郁的人来说，接受他们可能会感到悲伤和焦虑的事实可能是个好主意)”以及后文“Acknwledge them, and then put them t ne side and get n with the day in a mre psitive frame f mind. (承认它们，然后把它们放在一边，以一种更积极的心态开始新的一天)”可知，此处是讲述，正面面对让他们可能会感到悲伤和焦虑的事实，试着去接受他们，所以C项“Allw thse feelings t cme int their mind. (让这些感觉进入他们的脑海)”符合此处主题。故选C项。
20．分析设空，位于段尾，是本段的总结句，根据前文“Hwever much peple hate r fear their birthday, they can make it better if they plan smething fr that day that cannt fail t bring them excitement. They may think abut bking t see a shw, getting a spa, r ging ut fr dinner. (无论人们多么讨厌或害怕他们的生日，如果他们为那天计划一些能给他们带来兴奋的事情，他们可以让它变得更好。他们可能会考虑预约看一场演出，做个水疗，或者出去吃顿饭)”可知，本段主要讲述做一些让自己兴奋的事，所以G项“Whatever is likely t lift their spirits may help them feel better. (任何可能振奋他们精神的事情都可能帮助他们感觉更好)”符合本段主题，是对前文的总结。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是David自幼就想当老师，在进入大学的那一刹那，这个决定更加明晰了，为此他付出了很多努力，最终成为了一名小学特教教师。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“当我走进大学的那一刻，我确切地知道自己想成为什么样的人，”他说。A. regularly定期地，通常；B. exactly确切地；C. widely广泛地；D. randmly随机地。根据语境和上文中的“David hped t be a teacher when he was yung.”可知，David从下就想成为一名老师，所以此处应指的是他“确切地”知道自己想成为什么样的人。故选B项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师们都很热情好客。A. clever聪明的；B. prud自豪的；C. warm热情的；D. mean吝啬的。根据下文中的“and welcme.”可知，此处与welcme为并列关系，所以此处应指的是“热情的”符合语境。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教育专业的学生，他很兴奋地得知自己的课堂体验将从大学二年级开始。A. playing（演奏等的）表现，风格；B. building建筑物；C. disciplines纪律；D. experiences经历。根据下文中的““That was very imprtant t me because I didn’t want t ____4____ until I was a student teacher t get int a classrm,” he says.”可知，David说，那对他来说很重要，因为他不想作为一名实习老师才进入教室，由此可推断，此处指的是课堂“体验”从大二开始，符合语境。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说:“这对我来说非常重要，因为我不想等到我成为一名实习教师后才进入教室。”A. run跑；B. wait等待；C. study研究；D. respnd回应。根据语境以及下文中的“until I was a student teacher t get int a classrm”可知，David想要尽早进入教室体验课堂，所以他不想“等”到成为实习教师才进入教室。故选B项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：David也被学校的短期海外学习项目和它为学生提供的适应大学的机会所吸引。A. bred厌烦的；B. frightened害怕的；C. attracted吸引人的；D. cnfused迷惑的。根据上文中的“As an educatin majr, he was excited t learn his classrm ____3____ wuld begin during his secnd year f his university.”可知，David知道在大二就可以体验课堂感到很兴奋，结合前的als可知，此处应是被“吸引”符合语境。故选C项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被选为大一新生主席，参加了许多关于儿童教育的组织。A. vted选举；B. allwed允许；C. sent发送；D. left离开。根据下文中的“and jined many rganizatins, all abut children educatin.”可知，David加入很多都是关于儿童教育的组织，由此可推断，此处指的是他被“选举”为大一新生主席，参加很多组织，符合语境。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还担任过几份校园工作，担任过几个领导职务，并被一个领导发展项目录取。A. libraries图书馆；B. tasks任务；C. jbs工作；D. psters海报。根据下文中的“tk n several leadership psitins and was accepted int a leadership develpment prgram.”可知，David担任很多领导职务，还被一个领导发展项目录用，由此可知，此处表示他担任几份校园“工作”符合语境。故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这些活动让我学到课堂之外的东西。我培养了自己的领导能力和团队合作能力，” David说。A. failures失败；B. perfrmances表现；C. requests要求；D. activities活动。根据上文中的“He was ____6____ freshman class president and jined many rganizatins, all abut children educatin. He als held several campus ____7____ , tk n several leadership psitins and was accepted int a leadership develpment prgram.”可知，David被选为班长，参加很多组织，担任学校的很多工作，担任几项领导职务等，由此可知，此处指的是他所参加的这些“活动”符合语境。故选D项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这些活动让我学到课堂之外的东西。我培养了自己的领导能力和团队合作能力，” David说。A. skills技能；B. tips技巧；C. right权力；D. bdy身体。根据常识和下文中的“in leadership and teamwrk”可知，此处指的是David参加的这些活动提高了他在领导方面的“技能”符合语境。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些都是我可以带到课堂上的真实生活经历。A. return归还；B. bring带入；C. thrw抛，投；D. award授予。根据常识和上文中的“These are real life experiences”可知，这些真实的经历可以“带入”课堂，提升他的教学能力。故选B项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学二年级结束时，David已经在小学完成了两项实习，其中一项是针对有阅读障碍的学生的特殊教育实习。A. chsen选择；B. frgtten忘记；C. refused拒绝；D. cmpleted完成。根据下文中的“He went n t finish tw ____13____ practicums and a student teaching task ver the next tw years.”可知，David继续完成两项实习课程，由此可知，此处指的是在大二末期已经“完成”两项实习课程。选D项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大学二年级结束时，大卫已经在小学完成了两项实习，其中一项是针对有阅读障碍的学生的特殊教育实习。A. disrders混乱，障碍；B. preferences偏好；C. abilities能力；D. habits习惯。根据常识和上文中的“including a special educatin internship (实习)”可知，在David的实习中包含一项特殊的教育实习，由此可推断，这些学生应该是有阅读“障碍”符合语境。故选A项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，他又完成了两次额外实习和一项学生教学任务。A. easy容易的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. additinal额外的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文中的“By the end f the secnd year f his university, David had ____11____ tw practicums (实习课) at elementary schls”可知，David在大二学期末时已经完成了两项实习课程，由此可推断，此处指的是他又完成了“额外的”两项实习课程，符合语境。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业前两个月，大卫在西温莎的米尔斯顿河小学找到了一份全职的特殊教育老师的工作，2017年春天，他在这所学校完成了初级实习。A. passed传递；B. ffered提供；C. shwed展示；D. served服务。根据上文中的““It is such a relief t be hired s early. I feel all my hard wrk ____15____ ,” he says.”可知，David很高兴自己这么快被雇佣，由此可知，此处指的是给他“提供”了一份工作。故选B项。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这么早就被录用真是松了口气。我觉得我所有的努力都得到了回报。A. paid ff还清，得到回报；B. went wrng出问题；C. fell apart倒塌；D. brke dwn累垮。根据上文中的“Tw mnths befre graduatin, David was ____14____ a full-time psitin as a special educatin teacher at Millstne River Elementary Schl in the West Windsr”以及首段中的“David hped t be a teacher when he was yung.”可知，David年轻时就想成为一名教师，而在他毕业前的两个月，他就被提供了一份全职工作，由此可知，此处指的是David觉得自己所有的努力“得到回报”符合语境。故选A项。
【答案】1. Best 2. will leave 3. t/with 4. athletes 5. The 6. What 7. traditinally 8. breaking 9. caught 10. advanced
【详解】本文是新闻报道。报道了杭州亚运会的闭幕式，运动员取得成绩以及给人们的印象。
1. 考查形容词。句意：这场今年令人难忘的运动会，被誉为历史上最好的亚运会之一，将在未来为这座城 市，为中国人民和整个大陆留下不可磨灭的遗产。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词 作定语，根据空前的nef，应用最高级。故填best。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：这场今年令人难忘的运动会，被誉为历史上最好的亚运会之一，将在未来为这座城市，为中国人民和整个大陆留下不可磨灭的遗产。分析句子结构可知，leave作本句谓语，根据时间状语 in the future，用一般将来时。故填willleave。
3. 考查介词。句意：与开幕式不同的是，在闭幕式上，所有代表团的运动员不分国籍，一起进入体育场。 分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：incntrastt或者incntrastwith意为“与…相比”。故填t或者with。
4. 考查名词。句意：亚运会期间，顶尖运动员创造了15项世界纪录、37项亚洲纪录和170项亚运会新纪 录。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处填名词作宾语，athlete意为“运动员”为可数名词，此处用 复数形式。故填athletes。
5. 考查冠词。句意：中国连续11次荣登金牌榜榜首，首次在亚运会上夺得200多枚金牌。分析句子结构可 知，此处是固定搭配：frthefirsttime意为“第一次”。故填the。
6. 考查主语从句。句意：更值得注意的是，许多代表团在一些传统上较弱的项目上取得了历史性的突破， 打破了强队的垄断。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，用what引导，位于句首， 首字母应大写。故填What。
7. 考查副词。句意：更值得注意的是，许多代表团在一些传统上较弱的项目上取得了历史性的突破，打破 了强队的垄断。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词，应该用副词修饰。故填traditinally。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：更值得注意的是，许多代表团在一些传统上较弱的项目上取得了历史性的突破， 打破了强队的垄断。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词made，所以break用非谓语形式，表示顺其自 然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填breaking。
9. 考查动词时态。句意：其他地区性的体育项目也通过亚运会吸引了更多人的关注，比如卡巴迪和七爪舞。 分析句子结构可知，catch作本句谓语，主语是Otherreginalsprts，两者是主动关系，描述的是已发生的 事，用一般过去时。故填caught。
10. 考查形容词。句意：此外，本届亚运会在使用先进技术和可持续发展方面也给公众留下了深刻的印象。 分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处用advance的形容词形式advanced意 为“先进的”符合语境。故填advanced。