2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第16天

这是一份2024届高考英语巩固语法培养语感【阅读题型30天冲刺】天天练-第16天，共24页。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2023·江苏南京·高三南京外国语学校校考开学考试)
The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that cmbines the best f Sydney’s harbr, city, bay and beach highlights.
A SydneyPass gives yu unlimited and flexible travel n the Explrer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explrer shws yu arund ur exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bndi Explrer visits Sydney Harbur bays and famus beaches. Take t the water n ne f three magnificent daily harbr cruises (游船). Yu can als travel free n regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries r CityRail services (limited area), s yu can g t every crner f this beautiful city.
Imagine brwsing at Darling Harbur, tasting the famus seafd at Watsns Bay r enjying the city lights n an evening ferry cruise. The pssibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever yu decide t g, remember that bkings are nt required n any f ur services s tickets are treated n a first in, first seated basis.
SydneyPasses are available fr 3, 5 r 7 days fr use ver a 7-calendar-day perid. With a 3 r 5-day pass yu chse n which days ut f the 7 yu want t use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airprt Express inward trip befre starting yur 3, 5 r 7 days, and the return trip is valid fr 2 mnths frm the first day yur ticket was used.
SydneyPass Fares
*A child is defined as anyne frm the ages f 4 years t under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.
**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number f children frm 4 t under 16 years f age frm the same family.
1. A SydneyPass desn’t ffer unlimited rides n ________.
A. the Explrer BusesB. the harbr cruises
C. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services
2. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can ________.
A. save fares frm and t the airprtB. take the Sydney Explrer t beaches
C. enjy the famus seafd fr freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant
3. If 5-day tickets were t be recmmended t a mther wh travelled with her clleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what wuld the lwest cst be?
A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.
B
(2023·重庆南岸·高三重庆第二外国语学校校考期中)
The stands were always filled with family members t supprt their favrite players. I attended each f my sn’s games. His father wrked nights fr years, and missed ut n mst f his games. My sn Jrden knew if his dad culd, he wuld be there sitting right beside me.
When Jrden was yunger, sme family members wuld ccasinally cme t watch. But gradually they stpped shwing up. Never nce did Jrden lead me t believe that this bthered him, but apparently it did. It wasn’t until when he was asked t give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear nt nly t me but a rm filled with ver 150 peple just hw imprtant it is t have extra fans in the stands.
His speech was anything but like I thught it wuld be. It wasn’t shrt and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank yu t his caches and teammates. He pured his heart ut, saying he seldm had grandparents, aunts r uncles cming t supprt him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members shwed up t supprt nt just their wn lved nes but the entire team f bys. Clearly Jrden desired mre than just me. Never did I ever think my sn wuld be hurting inside as he lked ut t the bleachers t see nly me at each and every game.
As he struggled t get each wrd ut thrugh tears, I prmised I wuld attend as many events f the children arund as I pssibly culd. There was n way I culd allw anther child t feel what my sn was feeling. This small simple gesture wuld mean s much t any child. Neither Jrden nr I was upset with thse wh never attended his games. Jrden just wanted smene else besides me t witness his craft in actin. I understand all f ur lives becme cmplicated and that everyne is busy with their wn children and jbs that may nt allw them as much free time as they’d like.
4. What d we knw abut Jrden’s father?
A. He had lng been misunderstd by Jrden.B. He had few chances t attend Jrden’s games.
C. He managed t be with Jrden in every game.D. He had made excuses t miss Jrden’s games.
5. What was Jrden’s speech abut?
A. His ambitin t win the champinship.B. His gratitude t his mther and caches.
C. His cmplaint abut his family members.D. His desire fr supprt frm mre peple.
6. What des the authr think f Jrden’s speech?
A. Depressing.B. Cmplicated.C. Astnishing.D. Absurd.
7. Hw did the authr respnd t Jrden’s speech?
A. She tried t be actively invlved in children’s games.
B. She prmised nt t miss ut n games f every child.
C. She ffered t invite many relatives t Jrden’s games.
D. She decided t lead Jrden t trust his family members.
C
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）
It is easy t be dubtful abut annuncements f drugs that claim t slw the prgress f Alzheimers, the mst cmmn frm f dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, hwever, may be the real deal Results f a clinical trial, cnducted by its makers, Eisai, f Tky, and Bigen, f Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been annunced in the New England Jurnal f Medicine(Nvember; 2022). After18 mnths, it had slwed the prgress f symptms by a quarter.
The trial invlved 1795 participants wh were in the early stages f the illness. Half received the drug The thers, a placeb(安慰剂). It shwed tw things. One was the mdest but measurable slwing f prgressin. The ther was that an explanatin f Alzheimers called the Amylid Hypthesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems crrect.
Amylid is a prtein which accumulates in parts f the brains f thse with Alzheimers, which is an established sign f the illness. Lecanemab, cntaining a special antibdy, is fund t be able t attach itself t amylid and then attracts immune-system cells t clear the prtein away (and measurably did s in thse receiving the drug).That suggests amylid des indeed directly create prblems assciated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slw dwn the develpment f the disease.
This is a small first step. Sme experts questin whether the test used t shw an imprvement in symptms is clinically meaningful because amylid can be detected nly with the help f a piece f expensive equipment, which is nt smething that can easily be turned int a rutine prgram. Mrever, Lecanemab als caused swelling and bleeding f the brain in a number f participants. Nw that the new drug has been shwn t wrk, it can be fllwed up with further tests. Hpe fr mre gd news sn.
8．What can be learned frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．The public shws cnfidence in new drugs fr Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an bvius effect n the participants.
D．It tk 18 mnths t make the new drug.
9．The authr explains the effectiveness f the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating hw the drug interacts with amylid in bdy
B．describing hw immune-system wrks in detail
C．making cmparisns between tw grups f participants
D．quting the cmments f ther scientists
10．Which f the fllwing is a drawback f the new drug?
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause sme side-effects.
C．It csts t much fr rdinary families.
D．It needs t be further tested befre its launch.
11．What des the authr think f Lecanemab?
A．Reliable.B．Grundbreaking
C．PrmisingD．Risky.
D
(2023·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)
The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
12. What des the underlined qute frm the disability rights leader imply cncerning a six-inch curb?
A. It is an unfrgettable symbl.B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an imprtant sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.
13. Accrding t Angela Blackwell, what d many peple believe?
A. It’s nt wrthwhile t prmte health equity.
B. It’s necessary t g all ut t help the disabled.
C. It’s impssible t have everyne treated equally.
D. It’s fair t give the disadvantaged mre help than thers.
14. Which f the fllwing examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A. Spaceflight designs are applied t life n earth.
B. Fur great inventins f China spread t the west.
C. Christpher Clumbus discvered the new wrld.
D. Classic literature gt translated int many languages.
15. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·安徽·九师联盟高三试题）
Des the happiness f parents play a rle in shaping the verall happiness f their children? Scientific studies have shed light n the far-reaching cnnectin between parental happiness and the psitive develpment f kids. It seems that parental happiness has an imprtant influence n the emtinal, scial, and cgnitive (认知的) develpment f children. 16 If they knw their mental and emtinal happiness has an impact n their children, perhaps it can mtivate them t view it as part f being a gd parent.
17 Fr example, they can jin in activities that bring them jy and satisfactin. This culd include hbbies, exercise, pursuing persnal gals, r taking time fr relaxatin. When parents imprve their wn happiness, they can better supprt their children’s happiness.
Anther great idea is sharing experiences and creating many memries tgether. The idea is twfld. 18 At the same time, the shared experiences and shwing their children hw happy they are t d smething they lve can be incredibly valuable as well.
One f the main aspects f being happy parents is feeling cmfrtable, cnfident and able t be themselves, despite their new status and huge respnsibility. Hnestly, when parents priritize their wn happiness, it has psitive effects n the verall happiness f the family. 19
When parents put their wn happiness first, they becme rle mdels fr their kids. They see the imprtance f self-care, pursuing passins and maintaining healthy relatinships. 20 S, parents shuld accept their uniqueness, enjying life!
A．Hwever, part f being respnsible is being hnest.
B．They are passing n sme majr life skills and attitudes.
C．They may lse a bit f their sense f self when caring fr children.
D．Parents can adpt practical ways t enhance their wn happiness.
E．A jyful and harmnius family envirnment benefits everyne invlved.
F．This can happen when parents priritize their wn happiness accrding t Inc.
G．Firstly, the parents cntinue t be themselves and d smething they lve.
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期末）
Years ag, I lived in the English midlands and wuld walk the same rute alng the lcal canal each evening. On winter mrnings, I wuld see the 1 sight f bird flcks dancing acrss the landscape, a distant cacphny (刺耳的嘈杂声) 2 abve the fields. They were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member f the crw family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws s lud when they 3 ? Then he began t wrk with a team. The team’s 4 was that the mrning calls might be a jackdaw versin f “ 5 ”. Each individual’s call might 6 as an “I’m in!” helping them crdinate(协调) their 7 .
T test this, the researchers artificially 8 call levels during the jackdaws’ mrning cacphny using speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 9 earlier, shwing they use calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 10 frm leaving with the flck because they get mre scial infrmatin like where t find fd, they can maximize their time spent finding fd, and they’re less ·· being attacked. This srt f decisin-making isn’t ·1 t jackdaws — it’s been reprted in ther species as well.
S, the cacphny f jackdaws in the mrning is a clever slutin t ·3 a large grup. If yu’re ·4 by the nise, find cmfrt in the fact that the luder they get, the sner they’ll leave yu in ·5 .
1．A．frighteningB．peacefulC．familiarD．unusual
2．A．fadingB．stppingC．changingD．rising
3．A．flyB．gatherC．appearD．return
4．A．evidenceB．theryC．experimentD．difficulty
5．A．fitting inB．breaking inC．stepping inD．signing in
6．A．resignB．cuntC．checkD．rank
7．A．mvementB．prgressC．gestureD．demand
8．A．createdB．gradedC．increasedD．maintained
9．A．settledB．leftC．escapedD．arrived
10．A．benefitB．learnC．sufferD．keep
11．A．in defense fB．in cntrl fC．at risk fD．at the sight f
12．A．cmmnB．essentialC．penD．unique
13．A．jiningB．rganizingC．masteringD．warning
14．A．btheredB．impressedC．surprisedD．fascinated
15．A．trubleB．wnderC．peaceD．charge
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2024·河北·高三大数据应用调研联合测评Ⅲ）
Imagine a fd that has been ppular in China fr ver tw thusand years. This dish is knwn as “Rujiam”, 1 translates t “meat sandwich”, and it’s cnsidered ne f China’s mst ppular street fds. Yu may 2 (hear) abut this ancient delicacy, but d yu knw the fascinating histry behind it?
The rigins f Rujiam can be traced back t the Qin Dynasty, where it was 3 (primary) cnsumed by the emperr’s sldiers. The dish cnsists 4 a flatbread filled with meat, alng with herbs, spices, and a variety f vegetables. Nwadays, yu can find this 5 (taste) treat all ver China, frm street stands t high-end restaurants.
One f the mst remarkable things abut Rujiam is 6 (it) multiply functin. It can be made with different types f meat, such as beef, prk, r lamb, and even vegetarians are available. The bread used fr the sandwich is als 7 imprtant aspect f the dish, with sme variatins including sesame (芝麻) r whle wheat bread. The result is a delicius and filling meal that can 8 (enjy) by peple frm all walks f life.
In 9 (cnclude), Rujiam is nt just a burger; it’s a symbl f China’s rich fd histry. It has std the test f time, 10 (make) a favrite amng lcals and turists alike.
第【16】天 自我评测
日期
用时（建议60分钟内）
成绩（总分80分）
2024年 月 日
分钟
Adult
Child*
Family**
3-day ticket
$90
$45
$225
5-day ticket
$120
$60
$300
7-day ticket
$140
$70
$350
答案&解析
第二部分 阅读理解
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何使用悉尼公交的一种乘车证。SydneyPass提供3，5，7天不等的 悉尼的海港城市，海湾和海滩等地旅游路线。
1. 细节推理题。根据第二段最后一句CityRailservices (limited area), s yu can g t every crner f this beautiful city 可判断，故选 D.
2. 细节推理题。根据AllSydneyPasses include a freeAirprt Express inward trip 可知有乘车卡可以节省来往机 场的费用，故选A.
3. 推理判断题。根据图表和下面的说明可知：Childrenunder4yearstravelfree，说明三岁的孩子免费，所以 两个成年人是240元加上两个小孩120元，共360元。故选C.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一开始经常缺席儿子的比赛，直到一次儿子在演讲中吐露心声后，作者决定试图积极参与孩子们的比赛的故事。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The stands were always filled with family members t supprt their favrite players. I attended each f my sn’s games. His father wrked nights fr years, and missed ut n mst f his games. My sn Jrden knew if his dad culd, he wuld be there sitting right beside me.”（看台上总是坐满了支持他们最喜欢的球员的家庭成员。我儿子的每场比赛我都去看了。他的父亲常年上夜班，错过了他的大部分比赛。我的儿子乔登知道，如果他爸爸可以，他会坐在我身边。）可知，乔登的父亲很少有机会观看乔登的比赛。故选B项。
5 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It wasn’t until when he was asked t give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear nt nly t me but a rm filled with ver 150 peple just hw imprtant it is t have extra fans in the stands.”（乔登从来没有让我相信这让他感到困扰，但显然他确实感到困扰。直到他被邀请在他的棒球活动上发表演讲时，他才向我，也向一个坐满150多人的房间清楚地表明，看台上有更多的球迷是多么重要。）可推知，从乔登的演讲中我们能了解到他渴望得到更多人的支持。故选D项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“His speech was anything but like I thught it wuld be. It wasn’t shrt and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank yu t his caches and teammates. He pured his heart ut, saying he seldm had grandparents, aunts r uncles cming t supprt him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members shwed up t supprt nt just their wn lved nes but the entire team f bys. Clearly Jrden desired mre than just me.”（他的演讲完全不像我想象的那样。它并不短暂，也不是苦乐参半。这不是他对教练和队友的快速感谢。他倾吐心声，说他很少有祖父母、阿姨或叔叔来支持他。他很感激队友的家人不仅支持自己的亲人，还支持整个球队。显然乔登想要的不只是我。）可推知，作者认为乔登的演讲是令人吃惊的。故选C项。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As he struggled t get each wrd ut thrugh tears, I prmised I wuld attend as many events f the children arund as I pssibly culd. There was n way I culd allw anther child t feel what my sn was feeling. This small simple gesture wuld mean s much t any child.”（当他含泪挣扎着说出每一个字时，我向他保证，我会尽可能多地参加周围孩子们的活动。我不可能让另一个孩子感受我儿子的感受。这个简单的举动对任何一个孩子来说都意义重大。）可知， 对于乔登的演讲，作者决定试图积极参与孩子们的比赛。故选A项。
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们很容易对那些宣称可以减缓阿尔茨海默氏症(老年痴呆症中最常见的一种)病情发展的药物表示怀疑。然而，一种名为Lecanemab的新药可能是真正的药物。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trial invlved 1795 participants wh were in the early stages f the illness. Half received the drug The thers, a placeb. It shwed tw things. One was the mdest but measurable slwing f prgressin. The ther was that an explanatin f Alzheimers called the Amylid Hypthesis seems crrect.”（该试验涉及1795名处于疾病早期阶段的参与者。一半人服用药物，另一半人服用安慰剂。这说明了两件事。其中之一是缓慢但可测量的进展。另一个是对阿尔茨海默症的一种解释叫做淀粉样蛋白假说似乎是正确的。）可知，我们可以从前两段中了解到并非所有参与者都服用了这种新药。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amylid is a prtein which accumulates in parts f the brains f thse with Alzheimers, which is an established sign f the illness. Lecanemab, cntaining a special antibdy, is fund t be able t attach itself t amylid and then attracts immune-system cells t clear the prtein away (and measurably did s in thse receiving the drug). That suggests amylid des indeed directly create prblems assciated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slw dwn the develpment f the disease.”（淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默氏症患者大脑中积聚的一种蛋白质，这是该疾病的一个明确迹象。Lecanemab含有一种特殊的抗体，被发现能够附着在淀粉样蛋白上，然后吸引免疫系统细胞将蛋白质清除掉(在接受该药物的患者中确实如此)。这表明淀粉样蛋白确实会直接导致与痴呆症相关的问题，而Lecanemab可以减缓疾病的发展。）可知，作者通过说明药物与体内淀粉样蛋白的相互作用来说明新药的有效性。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Mrever, Lecanemab als caused swelling and bleeding f the brain in a number f participants.”（此外，Lecanemab还导致一些参与者大脑肿胀和出血。）可知，它会引起一些副作用是新药的缺点。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nw that the new drug has been shwn t wrk, it can be fllwed up with further tests. Hpe fr mre gd news sn.”（既然这种新药已被证明有效，就可以进行进一步的试验了。希望很快会有更多的好消息。）可推知，作者认为Lecanemab是有希望的。故选C项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过“路缘坡效应”讲述了当社会为弱势群体创造便利时，可能也会同时帮助其他群体，从而惠及所有人。
12. 短语猜测题。根据第三段中画线词前一句“That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance.(对于坐轮椅的人来说，这是一件大事，因为没有坡道可以帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。)”可知，在没有坡道时，坐轮椅的人没有办法上下路缘，这里一位残疾人权益领导说一个六英尺高的路缘“might as well have been Munt Everest”，即相当于珠穆朗玛峰，由此可推测出，这暗示了一个六英尺高的路缘对坐轮椅的人来说是一个难以通过的障碍。故选B。
13. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as ‘a zer-sum game(零和游戏)’ and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a ‘prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.’(Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将公平视为‘零和游戏’，人们普遍认为存在‘有成见的社会怀疑：故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。’)”可知，许多人认为公平是“零和游戏”，即一方的收益必然造成另一方的损失，他们普遍认为故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。由此可推测出，许多人认为公平对待所有人是不可能的。故选C。
14. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that ‘when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.’(不过，Blackwell说，路缘坡效应表明，‘当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。’)”可知，路缘坡效应表明，当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。结合四个选项可知，代表先进技术中国四大发明传入当时条件落后的西方，让西方国家学习到了新技术，同时为欧洲人开辟新航路、打开世界市场提供了条件，从而给整个世界带来了改变，这是共赢的局面。故选B。
15. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
【答案】16．F 17．D 18．G 19．E 20．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了科学研究揭示父母的幸福和孩子的积极发展之间的深远联系，父母的幸福似乎对孩子的情感、社交和认知发展有着重要的影响。
16．上文“It seems that parental happiness has an imprtant influence n the emtinal, scial, and cgnitive (认知的) develpment f children.”（父母的幸福似乎对孩子的情感、社交和认知发展有着重要的影响。）讲的是父母的幸福对孩子的影响，以及下文“If they knw their mental and emtinal happiness has an impact n their children, perhaps it can mtivate them t view it as part f being a gd parent.”（如果他们知道他们的精神和情感上的幸福对他们的孩子有影响，也许这可以激励他们把它看作是一个好父母的一部分。）介绍具体的某一个方面的影响，F项This can happen when parents priritize their wn happiness accrding t Inc.（根据Inc的说法，当父母优先考虑自己的幸福时，这种情况就会发生。）承接上文内容，同时引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
17．下文“Fr example, they can jin in activities that bring them jy and satisfactin.”（例如，他们可以参加给他们带来快乐和满足的活动。）举例讲参加快乐和满足的活动。由此可推知，空格处应为父母可以通过行动来提升幸福感。D项Parents can adpt practical ways t enhance their wn happiness.（父母可以采取切实可行的方法来提高自己的幸福感。）符合此推断，下文是对空格处内容的具体解释。故选D项。
18．上文“The idea is twfld.”（这个想法是双重的。）提到两种主意。以及下文“At the same time, the shared experiences and shwing their children hw happy they are t d smething they lve can be incredibly valuable as well.”（与此同时，分享经验并向孩子展示他们做自己喜欢的事情是多么快乐也是非常有价值的。）讲的是另外一种主意。由此可推断出空格处内容为其中之一的想法或主意。G项Firstly, the parents cntinue t be themselves and d smething they lve.（首先，父母继续做自己，做自己喜欢的事情。）为一方面的想法和主意，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
19．由该空格处位于该段句尾可知，为总结该段内容或与上文内容相关。该段上文“One f the main aspects f being happy parents is feeling cmfrtable, cnfident and able t be themselves, despite their new status and huge respnsibility. Hnestly, when parents priritize their wn happiness, it has psitive effects n the verall happiness f the family.”（成为快乐父母的一个主要方面是感到舒适、自信、能够做自己，尽管他们有新身份和巨大的责任。老实说，当父母优先考虑自己的幸福时，它对家庭的整体幸福有积极的影响。）讲的是父母优先考虑自己的幸福时，对家庭的整体幸福有积极的影响。E项A jyful and harmnius family envirnment benefits everyne invlved.（一个快乐和谐的家庭环境使每个人都受益。）和上文内容相关，为总结该段内容，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
20．上文“When parents put their wn happiness first, they becme rle mdels fr their kids. They see the imprtance f self-care, pursuing passins and maintaining healthy relatinships.”（当父母把自己的幸福放在第一位时，他们就会成为孩子们的榜样。他们看到了自我照顾、追求激情和维持健康关系的重要性。）讲的是父母成为孩子们的榜样，看到了自我照顾技能等生活态度。B项They are passing n sme majr life skills and attitudes.（他们正在传授一些重要的生活技能和态度。）和上文内容意思一致，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳（Alex Dibnah）领导着做了一项关于为什么寒鸦聚集时声音大的研究。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在冬天的早晨，我会看到熟悉的景象，成群的鸟在风景中跳舞，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。A. frightening令人害怕的；B. peaceful和平的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“wuld walk the same rute alng the lcal canal each evening”可知，亚历克斯·迪布纳每天晚上都会沿着当地的运河走同样的路，所以他看到的是每天都会看见的熟悉的景象。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. fading褪色；B. stpping停止；C. changing改变；D. rising上升。根据下文“abve the fields”可知，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳领导着做的研究问道：为什么寒鸦聚集时声音这么大？A. fly飞；B. gather聚集；C. appear出现；D. return回来。根据下文“shwing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦声音这么大是在它们早上聚集时发出的。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队的理论是，早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。A. evidence证明；B. thery理论；C. experiment实验；D. difficulty困难。根据下文“was that the mrning calls might be a jackdaw versin f “ 5 ” .”可知，接下来是亚历克斯·迪布纳先推测的理论结果。故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. fitting in适应；B. breaking in破门而入；C. stepping in迈进；D. signing in签到。根据下文“Each individual’s call might 6 as an “I’m in!” helping them crdinate(协调) their 7 .”和“shwing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个成员的喊叫都可以认为是“我加入了！”帮助他们协调行动。A. resign辞职；B. cunt计数，认为；C. check检查；D. rank排名。根据下文“as an “I’m in!””可知，这里指每个寒鸦成员的喊叫都被认为是“我加入了！”的信号。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. mvement移动；B. prgress进步；C. gesture姿势；D. demand要求。根据下文“When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 9 earlier, shwing they use calls as a check-in system.”可知，这里指寒鸦成员的叫声协调了它们的到来和离开的行动。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了测试这一点，研究人员在寒鸦睡觉的地方使用扬声器，人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。A. created创造；B. graded分级；C. increased增加；D. maintained保持。根据下文“using speakers”可知，研究人员使用扬声器，应该是人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当播放额外的喊叫时，寒鸦会提前离开，这表明它们将叫声作为登记系统。A. settled定居；B. left离开；C. escaped逃脱；D. arrived到达。根据上文“When extra calls were played”和下文“leaving with the flck”可知，当额外的叫声被播放时，寒鸦会当成是要离开的信号，所以会提前离开。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个体寒鸦从与群体一起离开中受益，因为它们可以获得更多的社会信息，比如在哪里寻找食物，它们可以最大限度地延长寻找食物的时间，而且它们被攻击的风险更小。A. benefit获益；B. learn学习；C. suffer遭受；D. keep保持。根据下文“because they get mre scial infrmatin like where t find fd, they can maximize their time spent finding fd”可知，这是和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处。故选A。
11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. in defense f防御；B. in cntrl f控制；C. at risk f冒险；D. at the sight f看见。根据上文“Individual jackdaws 10 frm leaving with the flck”可知，这是个体寒鸦和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处，所以个体寒鸦被攻击的风险应该是更小。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种决策并非寒鸦独有，其他物种也有报道。A. cmmn常见的；B. essential基础的；C. pen开的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“it’s been reprted in ther species as well”可知，其他物种也有报道这种决策，所以它并非寒鸦独有的。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。A. jining加入；B. rganizing组织；C. mastering精通；D. warning警告。根据上文“the cacphny f jackdaws in the mrning is a clever slutin t”可知，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声应该是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你被噪音困扰，请从噪音越大，越早让你平静下来这一事实中找到安慰。A. bthered打扰；B. impressed给…印象；C. surprised使吃惊；D. fascinated迷住。根据下文“by the nise”可知，这里应该是指人们会被寒鸦的喊叫烦扰。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第14题详解。A. truble麻烦；B. wnder奇迹；C. peace和平；D. charge控告。根据上文“find cmfrt in the fact that the luder they get, the sner they’ll leave yu in”可知，寒鸦叫的声音越大越早，说明它们会越早离开，就会让你越早平静下来。故选C。
【答案】1．which 2．have heard 3．primarily 4．f 5．tasty 6．its 7．an 8．be enjyed 9．cnclusin 10．making
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肉夹馍的历史和受欢迎程度。
1．考查定语从句。句意：这道菜被称为“肉夹馍”，翻译过来就是“肉三明治”，被认为是中国最受欢迎的街头小吃之一。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
2．考查情态动词+have dne。句意：你可能听说过这种古老的美食，但你知道它背后的迷人历史吗?根据下文“but d yu knw the fascinating histry behind it?(但你知道它背后的迷人历史吗?)”可知，此处指可能已经听说过这种古老美食，表示对过去的推测，且情态动词may后面应该跟动词原形，所以用have+过去分词。故填have heard。
3．考查副词。句意：肉夹馍的起源可以追溯到秦朝，当时主要由皇帝的士兵食用。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的副词形式primarily作状语修饰动词cnsumed。故填primarily。
4．考查介词。句意：这道菜是由一个充满肉的面饼、香草、香料和各种蔬菜组成的。根据空格前的cnsists可知，此处用介词f构成固定短语cnsist f表示“由……构成”。故填f。
5．考查形容词。句意：如今，你可以在中国各地找到这种美味的食物，从街头小摊到高档餐厅。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的形容词形式tasty作定语修饰名词treat。故填tasty。
6．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：肉夹馍最引人注目的一点是它的多重功能。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的形容词性物主代词its作定语修饰名词functin表示“它的”多重功能。故填its。
7．考查冠词。句意：用于三明治的面包也是这道菜的一个重要方面，包括芝麻或全麦面包的一些变化。分析句意可知，此处是泛指“一个”重要方面，且imprtant是以元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。
8．考查被动语态。句意：其结果是一个美味和充实的饭，可以享受来自各行各业的人。根据下文的by可知，此处用被动语态，再根据空格前的can可知，应该用be+过去分词。故填be enjyed。
9．考查名词。句意：总之，肉夹馍不仅仅是一个汉堡；它是中国丰富的饮食历史的象征。根据空格前的In可知，此处用提示词的名词形式cnclusin构成固定搭配in cnclusin表示“总之”。故填cnclusin。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：它经受住了时间的考验，成为当地人和游客的最爱。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作结果状语状语，再分析句意，此处表示顺理成章，自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。