2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义阅读七选五素养培优（二）非典型结构说明文（Word版附解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义阅读七选五素养培优（二）非典型结构说明文（Word版附解析），文件包含辽宁抚顺市六校协作体2026届高三下学期二模化学试题pdf、辽宁抚顺市六校协作体2026届高三下学期二模化学答案pdf等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共14页， 欢迎下载使用。
命题大数据
专家说考情
传统七选五多选用结构清晰的说明文(如“总－分－总”或并列式)，考生按图索骥即可。然而，近几年高考命题者开始青睐文本结构更灵活、逻辑链条更内隐的语篇。其命题趋势主要体现在以下三方面：
1.逻辑关系“内隐化”，从寻“路标”到觅“思路”
针对语篇的灵活衔接(无显性路标词first，secnd，in additin，hwever)，高考七选五侧重在隐含逻辑转折/递进处设空，要求考生通过语义关联把握意脉，排除干扰项。
2.语篇功能“混合化”，从单“说明”到“叙议结合”
针对融合记叙—说明—议论的混合语篇，七选五侧重在“功能转换节点”(如事例转分析、观点接例证)设空，考生需通过语篇角色判断(过渡/承接/支撑)破解干扰项。
3.段落内部“松散化”，从“线性”到“辐射”
高考七选五对“辐射式段落”(非主题句线性结构)的考查，要求考生突破局部衔接陷阱，通过定位段落核心议题建立全局逻辑关联，其本质是检测语篇宏观把握能力。
名师说对策
应对这类“高手过招”的题目，考生需要将阅读策略从“寻找形式对应”升级为“重构逻辑思维”。以下三步法，助你驾驭结构灵活的语篇。
A
(2024·浙江1月卷)In the past few years，nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience.1. But are all nline curses created equal？Hw can yu be sure that digital learning is right fr yu？ 2. We interviewed students and prfessrs t get their advice abut nline curses.
The mst bvius advantage f nline learning is that yu can study anywhere and anytime.3. “I think a pint that many peple lse sight f is hw easy it can be t fall behind schedule，” says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Befre chsing t study nline，cnsider whether yu’re a self-mtivated learner and if the material seems interesting enugh t keep yu ging.
The tip that cmes up mst ften is simple：build nline curses int yur weekly schedule，just like what yu wuld d with in-persn curses.4. He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades.It is s easy t let an nline curse slide，but yur grades will suffer as a result.Be sure t schedule set times t watch yur lectures，read materials and cntribute t nline discussin bards.
5. A scial cnnectin is ften a big part f learning.There are things yu can d t ease this prblem.Jessica Pink，an undergraduate student，suggests taking nline curses with a friend，s yu can mtivate each ther t stay n track.Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup，r schedule in-persn meetings with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts.
A.But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Yur mtivatin shuld be yur main cncern.
C.D yu knw that nline curses are als part f yur educatin？
D.Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E.The chief cmplaint abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F.If yu take an nline curse，what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade？
G.A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线学习的利弊。
1.G [根据上文“In the past few years，nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience.”可知，在过去的几年里，在线学习已成为大学生活中的重要组成部分，设空处应与在线课程的重要性相关。G项(一项调查发现，有29％的大学生注册了在线课程)是对空前观点的数据支撑，体现了在线课程在大学教育中的普及度。同时G项中的nline curses与下一句中的all nline curses形成了有效衔接。故选G项。]
2.F [根据上文两个关于在线学习的问题及下文中“We interviewed students and prfessrs t get their advice abut nline curses.”可知，设空处应为与上文并列的疑问句，F项(如果你参加在线课程，你可以做什么来确保获得最好的成绩？)符合语境。故选F项。]
3.A [根据上文“The mst bvius advantage f nline learning is that yu can study anywhere and anytime.”和下文“‘I think a pint that many peple lse sight f is hw easy it can be t fall behind schedule，’ says graduate student Amanda Bindman.”可知，尽管在线学习的明显优势是你可以随时随地学习，但仍然需要注意截止日期，以免落后于进度。A项(但那并不意味着没有截止日期)与上文形成转折关系，并且呼应下文的学习进度滞后的问题，符合语境。故选A项。]
4.D [根据下文“He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades.”可知，设空处应提及有关He的内容，并提供能与nline students形成对比的信息，D项(亚历克斯·戴维森教授在线下和线上教授相同的课程)中的Prfessr Alex Davidsn是下文He指代的内容。故选D项。]
5.E [设空处位于本段段首，是本段的主题句。通过分析可知，此处需要的是关于在线课程面临的一个特定挑战，而下文则是如何应对这个挑战的建议。E项(关于在线课程的主要抱怨是其缺乏人际互动)点明了在线课程缺乏人际互动这个挑战，并与段落中提到的suggests taking nline curses with a friend建议相符合。故选E项。]
B
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step，but dn’t beat yurself up abut them.T err (犯错) is human.1. Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper，put the heading “Persnal strengths”.2. Are yu caring？ Creative？Generus？ A gd listener？ Fun t be arund？ They dn’t have t be wrld-changing，just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page，put the heading “Acts f kindness”.On this ne，list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers.It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk，when yu did the irning withut being asked，r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.3.
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.4. That way，yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.In fact，dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes.The thing is，it’s true.5. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A.A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B.Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C.They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D.It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E.It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F.Whatever it is，n matter hw small it might seem，write it dwn.
G.Whatever the mistake，remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法。通过罗列个人优点、列举自己帮助别人的事迹和让别人帮你指出优点，学会原谅自己的错误并从中得到成长。
1.D [根据空前一句和空后一句可知，空处所填内容应该是不要太过自责，宽恕自己也很重要，D项符合语境。故选D项。]
2.B [根据空前的“Persnal strengths”和空后的例子可知，B项“现在列出所有你喜欢的关于你自己的特点”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。]
3.F [空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，F项“不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来”总结上文，符合语境。故选F项。]
4.C [空前讲述了你可以让朋友或家人帮你往列表添加东西，C项“他们甚至可能愿意尝试这样做”承接上文。C项中的They指代前面的“a friend r family member”。故选C项。]
5.G [根据空后的内容可知，我们都在改变并一直在学习。G项中的“it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后的“We’re all changing”形成对比，符合语境，故选G项。]
(十四)七选五之非典型结构说明文专练
A
Make Time t Write
(2025·石家庄普通高中毕业年级教学质检)Since a new year has started，time lies befre us like a blank page，waiting t be filled with writing.We are all busy peple，and we smetimes feel that life is wrking against ur writing ambitins and pushing them aside.Yet the mst prductive writers are the busiest.1.
Overcming self-dubt and fear is the key t unlcking yur ptential.2. Mst f the time，the real reasn why we avid writing is that we’re afraid f failing.It’s simpler t cmplain abut being t busy than t face ur fear.T slve this prblem，we can try t understand what we’re scared f，deal with it，and then fcus n mving frward.
A simple way t find mre time t write is t give yurself a clear gal.It needs t be SMART：specific，measurable，achievable，realistic and time-bund.3. If yu successfully meet yur target，yu culd give yurself a small reward：buy a new ntebk r pen，g fr a lng walk，r take a day ff frm writing and just d smething cmpletely different.
4. As Henry Frd nce said，“If yu d what yu’ve always dne，yu’ll get what yu’ve always gt！”This culd mean writing with a ntebk and pen rather than the cmputer yu als use fr wrk.Try varying yur apprach and see if it helps.
Abve all，yu shuld priritize writing ver ther things.Mst successful writers have caring respnsibilities，ccupatins utside the hme，and the necessary everyday tasks we all need t cmplete.Yet they still manage t write.5. S，if yu want t make 2025 the year when yu get yur writing prject dne，lk at hw yu use yur time with a fresh eye.
A.Then hw can we make sure we get ur writing dne in 2025？
B.S d we need t pursue writing t imprve ur mental health？
C.Fr example，writing 1，500 wrds in a week might be realistic.
D.D smething different if yur current apprach isn’t wrking.
E.What they have in cmmn is that they treat writing as imprtant.
F.Sitting in frnt f yur cmputer desn’t mean the writing will flw.
G.We all have a vice in ur head that keeps telling us we can’t succeed.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文主要给出了挤出时间进行写作的几个建议，如克服自我怀疑和恐惧、设定清晰的目标、尝试新方法和重视写作等。
1.A [空前提到然而最多产的作家是最忙碌的，A选项“那么我们如何确保在2025年完成我们的写作呢？”既自然地承接上文关于高产作家忙碌的描述，又引出下文关于完成写作的建 议，起到了很好的过渡作用，故选A项。]
2.G [空前讲到了“克服自我怀疑和恐惧是释放你潜力的关键”，G选项“我们脑海中都有一个声音，这个声音不断告诉我们，我们不会成功”进一步说明了自我怀疑和恐惧的具体表现，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。]
3.C [空前讲找到更多写作时间的一个简单方法是给自己设定一个明确的目标，并提出了SMART这一设定目标的原则。C选项“例如，一周内写1 500字可能是现实可行的”通过举例的方式，具体说明了一个符合SMART原则的目标是怎样的，并能引出下文的“你若能成功完成目标就可以给自己个小奖励”，故选C项。]
4.D [段落主旨句。空后引用名言并举例说明了要尝试不同的方法来写作。D选项“如果你当前的方法不起作用，就做些不同的事情”概括了该段的主旨，故选D项。]
5.E [空前描述了绝大多数成功作家虽然事务繁多但仍能进行写作，E选项“他们的共同之处在于他们把写作视为重要的事情”解释了这些成功作家能够在忙碌中坚持写作的原因，承接上文，故选E项。E项中的they指代上文的Mst successful writers。]
B
(2024·湖北部分重点中学高三第二次联考)If yu are a perfectinist，yu fllw high standards and always try t d everything well.1. Researchers find pursuing perfectin can have serius effects n mental health.
In a 2016 study，researchers studied the relatinship between perfectinism and depressin ver time.2. Althugh peple may believe that their perfectinism cntributes t their success，it seems t be harmful t their mental health.
Is perfectinism always harmful？ 3. Sme suggest the pssibility f adaptive perfectinism，where peple stick t high standards withut self-criticism f their wn mistakes.Hwever，thers believe that perfectinism is nt adaptive and they dn’t think it is beneficial.
S what can perfectinists d t change their behavir？ Psychlgists pint ut that giving up n perfectin des nt necessarily mean less success.4. A pssible alternative t perfectinism is what psychlgists call a grwth mindset.Unlike thse with a fixed mindset，thse with a grwth mindset believe that they can imprve their abilities by learning frm their mistakes.
5. T understand self-sympathy，think abut hw yu wuld respnd t a clse friend if they made a mistake.It is likely that yu will respnd with kindness and understanding，knwing that yur friend is ding it ut f gd intentins.
A.Anther is t cultivate sympathy fr neself.
B.Psychlgists have heated debates ver this issue.
C.In the lng run，accepting imperfectin can actually help.
D.Perfectinism can be beneficial in sme situatins.
E.High standards are ne thing，but perfectinism is anther.
F.The key t vercming perfectinism is t avid it at all cst.
G.They fund high levels f perfectinism ften increased depressin.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了本文主要介绍了完美主义的危害和完美主义者应如何做出改变。
1.E [空前提到如果你是一个完美主义者，你遵循高标准而且总是试图把每件事做好；空后讲述研究人员发现追求完美可能会对精神健康产生严重影响。E项“但是高标准是一回事，完美主义是另外一回事”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。]
2.G [根据空前内容可知，在2016年的一个研究中，研究人员研究了完美主义和抑郁之间的关系。此处可能会讲到关系是什么。G项“他们发现高水平的完美主义经常会增加抑郁”讲述了研究发现的结果，符合语境。故选G项。]
3.B [空前是一个问句：完美主义一直是有害的吗？空后又讲述了两拨人的观点，一些人支持，一些人反对，B项“心理学家们对于这个问题有激烈的讨论”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。]
4.C [根据该段首句可知该段主要在讲完美主义者可以做出哪些改变。空前讲述心理学家指出放弃完美并不会意味着成功会变少，故此处应该与放弃完美这一改变有关。C项“从长远角度来看，接受不完美确实有帮助”既涉及改变建议，又承接上文进一步说放弃完美的好处，符合语境。故选C项。]
5.A [段落主旨句。空后讲为了理解自我同情，想一下如果你的一个亲近的朋友犯了错，你会如何做出反应。很有可能你知道你的朋友是出于好意，你表示善意和理解。A项“另外就是培养对自己的同情”最能概括本段内容，故选A。]
C
(2025·长春高三质量检测)
Is Sugarcat Sweet？
In ur pursuit t maintain harmny，avid cnflict，and prevent hurt feelings，we’re smetimes tempted t be s plite as t sugarcat the truth.1. Hwever，t much display f this behavir can muddy the waters f cmmunicatin.Here are the dangers f sugarcating：
2. Yur jb isn’t t sften the blw when delivering bad news t the extent that yu leave thers feeling cnfused abut yur intentins.When messages are wrapped in layers f pliteness，the true intentin r meaning can be lst—the receiver may nt fully grasp the seriusness r urgency f the message.
Leave issues unslved.Sugarcated messages can prevent imprtant issues frm being tackled.When feedback is nt clear，it becmes difficult fr the receivers t take apprpriate actin.They may nt knw exactly what is expected f them r hw t g abut making the necessary changes.3. Meanwhile，the present status will cntinue，leaving imprtant issues unreslved.
Get upset and annyed.Over time，the lack f clarity has a significant effect n relatinships and can lead t frustratin and cmplaint，especially when ne party has put in an effrt t express themselves but feels unacknwledged.The dissatisfactin may lead t their suspicin f the authenticity f the relatinship and dubt abut whether their effrts are being wasted.4.
While it’s natural t want t spare thers’ feelings，verly plite cmmunicatin can smetimes d mre harm than gd.5. Only in this way can we reduce misunderstandings and have relatinships built n trust and clarity.Remember，the gal is nt t abandn pliteness cmpletely but t balance it with hnesty，ensuring that ur cmmunicatins are bth kind and effective.
A.Reduce trust.
B.Cause misinterpretatins.
C.This avids displeasing them.
D.The uncertainty can lead t inactin.
E.This can create a cycle f negative emtins.
F.Being plite is generally seen as a psitive perfrmance.
G.S it is wise t be pen t mre direct and hnest interactins.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度粉饰真相(即“糖衣炮弹”式沟通)的危害。
1.F [根据空前一句可知，在我们追求维持和谐、避免冲突以及防止伤害感情的过程中，我们有时会被诱惑着以礼貌的方式来粉饰真相；根据空后一句可知，然而，这种行为的过度展示会使沟通的水域变得浑浊。F项“礼貌通常被视为一种积极的表现”说明礼貌本身有积极的一面，既承接了上文人们因追求和谐等而选择礼貌的行为，又与下文过度礼貌带来的问题形成转折，承上启下，符合语境。其中“Being plite”与上文的“be s plite as t sugarcat the truth”相呼应。]
2.B [根据下文可知，当传递坏消息时，你的工作不是过度地软化打击，以至于让别人对你的意图感到困惑。当信息被包裹在层层礼貌之中时，真正的意图或含义可能会丢失——接收者可能无法完全理解信息的严重性或紧迫性。据此可知，该段主要讲的是糖衣式表达会让信息的真实意图被掩盖，导致接收者产生误解。B项“导致误解”中的“misinterpretatins”与下文的“leave thers feeling cnfused”“the true intentin r meaning can be lst”等表述相呼应，点明了该段主旨，故选B项。]
3.D [空前“当反馈不明确时，接收者很难采取适当的行动。他们可能不会确切地知道对他们的具体期望是什么，或者不会确切地知道如何做出必要的改变”，空后“与此同时，现状将继续，重要问题得不到解决”。D项“这种不确定性可能导致不行动”中的“The uncertainty”指代上文的“feedback is nt clear”，“lead t inactin”与下文的“the present status will cntinue，leaving imprtant issues unreslved”相呼应，故选D项。 ]
4.E [空前讲了“随着时间的推移，缺乏清晰度会对关系产生重大影响，并可能导致挫折和抱怨，特别是当一方努力表达自己但感觉未被认可时。这种不满可能会导致他们怀疑关系的真实性以及自己的努力是否正被浪费”，空处应承接上文继续阐述这种不满带来的后果。E项“这可能会形成一个负面情绪的循环”符合语境，故选E项。]
5.G [空前讲了“虽然想要不伤害别人的感情是很自然的，但过度礼貌的沟通有时可能弊大于利”，空后讲了“只有这样，我们才能减少误解，并拥有建立在信任和清晰基础上的关系。记住，目标不是完全放弃礼貌，而是在礼貌与诚实之间取得平衡，确保我们的沟通既友善又有效”，所以此处应描述正确的做法，且与诚实有关。G项“所以，进行更直接和诚实的互动是明智的”符合语境，故选G项。]
结构清晰类
有段
落小
标题
2025年全国二卷，2023年全国乙卷，2023年全国甲卷，2022年全国乙卷，2022年全国甲卷，2022年浙江1月卷
有段
落主
旨句
2024年新课标Ⅱ卷，2024年全国甲卷，2023年新课标Ⅱ卷，2023年浙江1月卷，2021年新高考Ⅱ卷，2021年全国甲卷
非典型
结构
2024年浙江1月卷，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷，2022年新高考Ⅰ卷，2022年新高考Ⅱ卷，2021年全国乙卷
核心
单词
A篇
Para.1：prductive adj.生产的，(尤指)多产的；有效益的，富有成效的 Para.4：vary v.变化，使变化 apprach n.(待人接物或思考问题的)方式，方法，态度 Para.5：ccupatin n.职业
B篇
Para.1：pursue v.追求，致力于 Para.2：depressin n.抑郁，沮丧，消沉 Para.4：alternative n.可供选择的事物 Para.5：intentin n.打算，计划，意图，目的
C篇
Para.1： pursuit n.追求 cnflict n.冲突，争执，争论 Para.2： grasp v.理解，领会，领悟，明白；抓紧，抓牢 Para.3：apprpriate adj.合适的，恰当的 Para.4： cmplaint n.不满的原因，抱怨，埋怨，投诉，控告 Para.5： abandn v.放弃，离弃，遗弃，抛弃
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.3：measure v.测量，度量→measurable adj.可测量的，可度量的 Para.5：pririty n.优先处理的事；优先考虑→priritize v.优先考虑；确定(任务)优先顺序
C篇
Para.2：cnfuse v.使糊涂，使迷惑→cnfused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的→cnfusin n.不确定，困惑 intend v.打算，计划，想要→intentin n.打算，计划，意图，目的 Para.4：significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的；意味深长的→significance n.(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义 frustrate v.使懊丧，使懊恼，使沮丧→frustratin n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
熟词
生义
C篇
spare(Para.5) 常用义：v.抽出，拨出，留出，匀出 文章义：v.饶恕，放过
核心
短语
A篇
Para.1： 把……推到一边；搁置 Para.2： deal with处理 fcus n专注于 Para.3：take a day ff休息一天 Para.5：abve all最重要的是，尤其是 with a fresh eye以新的视角
B篇
Para.3：stick t 坚持
C篇
Para.1： be tempted t d sth.受诱惑做某事 Para.2： t the extent that 到……的程度
Para.5： d mre harm than gd弊大于利