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高中人教版 (2019)Unit 2 Morals and Virtues精品单元测试当堂达标检测题
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考点1.carry sb. thrugh sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
These wrds f Dr Lin Qiazhi give us a lk int the heart f this amazing wman,and what carried her thrugh a life f hard chices.林巧稚医生的这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
词汇拓展
carry n (with/ding sth. )继续(做某事);坚持(干某事)
1.Once yu begin t d smething,yu must carry n with it,therwise yu will never achieve anything. 一旦你开始做某事,你必须坚持下去,否则你将一事无成。
2.carry ut执行;实施;履行;完成
The teachers are discussing the plan that they wuld like t see carried ut next year. 老师们正在讨论他们希望明年实施的计划。
考点2.majrity n. 大部分;大多数
At age 18,instead f fllwing the traditinal path f marriage like the majrity f girls,she chse t study medicine. (教材P16)十八岁时,她没有像大多数女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了学医。
用法归纳
①the majrity f. . . 意为“大部分/大多数……”,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于介词f后的名词,如果为复数名词,则谓语动词用 复数 ,如果为单数名词或不可数名词,则谓语动词用 单数 。
②the majrity作主语时,如果强调整体,则谓语动词用单数,如果强调其中的每个个体,谓语动词用复数。
③ in the/a majrity 占大部分/大多数
词汇拓展
①majr adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 专业课 vi. 主修
◆majr in主修
We may have sme questins abut whether t majr in arts r science. 关于主修文科还是理科我们可能有一些问题。
②minrity n. 少数(人);少数民族
1.As we knw,the majrity f China's surrunding cuntries are its trading partners. 众所周知,大多数中国附近的国家都是它的贸易伙伴。
2.The majrity f the cake has gne bad. 大部分蛋糕都坏了。
3.Peple wh can speak Chinese are in the majrity in this cuntry. 在这个国家,会说汉语的人占大多数。
4.T ur jy,nly a small number f peple vted against it,and the majrity were fr It. 令我们高兴的是,只有少数人投了反对票,大多数人都赞成这件事。
考点3. cmplain vi. & vt. 抱怨;发牢骚;投诉
“Why shuld girls learn s much? Finding a gd husband shuld be their final gal!” her brther cmplained,thinking f the high tuitin fees. (教材P16)“女孩子学那么多干什么?找个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
用法归纳
①cmplain ( t sb. ) f/abut sth. (向某人) 抱怨/投诉某事
②cmplain (t sb. ) that. . . (向某人) 抱怨/投诉……
特别提醒
cmplain后面不能直接跟sb. 作宾语,需加介词t。
词汇拓展
1.cmplaint n. 投诉;抱怨
2.make a cmplaint t sb. abut/against. . . 向某人抱怨/投诉……
3.have a cmplaint abut/against. . . 对……有怨言
4.a letter f cmplaint 投诉信
1.Peple cmplain that sme sellers dn't accept cash payments. 人们抱怨一些卖家不接受现金付款。
2.Many husewives cmplain t their husbands abut the truble in life. 很多家庭主妇向丈夫抱怨生活中的麻烦。
3.He had a cmplaint abut him because Tm didn't cme at the appinted time. 因为汤姆没有在约定的时间来,所以他对他有怨言。
4.If yu have been badly treated,make a cmplaint t the manager. 如果你受到恶劣的待遇就向经理投诉。
考点4.respnd vt. 回答;回复vi. 做出反应;回应
She respnded,“I'd rather stay single t study all my life!”(教材P16)她回答道:“我宁愿单身一辈子也要学习(医学)!”
用法归纳
①respnd t . . . 回答/回应……
②respnd t. . . with sth. /by ding sth. 以某物/做某事回应……
词汇拓展
respnse n. 回答,答复;反应;响应
in respnse (t. . . ) 作为(对……的)回答/反应
1.The prduct was develped in respnse t custmer demand. 这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
2.We d nt respnd t every candidate. If selected,yu will be cntacted by a manager我们不会回应每一位候选人。如果你被选中,将有经理与你联系。
3.China respnded t the epidemic with immediate actin/by taking immediate actin. 中国对疫情立即采取了行动。
考点5. elect vt. 选举;推选;选择;决定
In 1954,she was elected t the first Natinal Peple's Cngress and,ver the next several decades,she held many imprtant psitins. (教材P17)1954年,她被选入第一届全国人民代表大会任职,在随后的几十年间,她担任了许多重要职位。
用法归纳
①elect sb. ( as ). . . 选举某人担任某职位
②elect sb. t . . . 选举某人到某机构(任职)
③elect t d sth. 选择/决定做某事
特别提醒
在“elect sb. (as)+职位”中,总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加冠词。
词汇拓展
electin n. 选举;当选
win/lse an electin在选举中获胜/失败
run fr electin参加竞选
1.Nwadays an increasing number f peple elect t wrk at hme. 现在,越来越多的人选择在家工作。
2.Besides,in Nvember they may elect him(as)president. 此外,他们可能在11月份选举他为总统。
3.If we all get behind Mr. Smith,we can easily elect him t the bard. 如果我们都支持史密斯先生,我们很容易就可以选举他到董事会任职。
考点6. tend vt. 照顾;照料 vi. 倾向;趋于
She was mre interested in tending patients. . . (教材P17)她更感兴趣的是照顾病人……
用法归纳
①表示“照顾某人”可用tend t sb. 或tend sb. 。
②tend twards /t. . . 趋向/趋于……
③tend t d sth. 往往会做某事;易于做某事
词汇拓展
tendency n. 趋势;倾向;偏好
have a tendency t d sth. 有做某事的倾向/趋势
there is a tendency (fr sb. ) t d sth. (某人)有做某事的倾向/趋势
There is a tendency fr a lt f media cmpanies t put what they have int VRP (Virtual Reality Platfrm).
很多媒体公司都倾向于把它们拥有的东西放到虚拟现实平台上。
a tendency t/twards. . . ……的趋势
1.She has a strng natural tendency twards/t cautin,s I believe she culdn't have left ut any detail. 她天生就很谨慎,所以我认为她不可能漏掉任何细节。
2.A nurse's duty is tending (t) the patients. 护士的职责是照顾病人。
3.This pinin tends twards the extreme and we shuld be cautius. 这种意见趋于偏激,我们应该谨慎。
4.On scial media sites,peple tend t pst nly psitive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.
在社交媒体网站上,人们往往只发布积极的、让他们看起来快乐和友好的最新动态。
考点7. scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
She was s scared during the interview that she cmpletely frgt hw she shuld respnd t the questins. (教材P17)在面试期间,她如此害怕以至于她完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
用法归纳
①be scared f (ding) sth. 害怕(做)某事
②be scared t d sth. 害怕做某事
③be scared t death 吓得要死
词汇拓展
①scare vt. 惊吓;使害怕 vi. 受惊吓
scare ff/away把……吓跑
The Chinese peple traditinally set ff firecrackers during the Spring Festival,in the belief that this helps scare ff the mnster Nian and brings gd frtune. 中国人在春节期间传统上会燃放鞭炮,认为这有助于吓跑“年”兽并带来好运。
scare sb. int ding sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
The enemy scared him int telling the truth. 敌人威胁他说出真相。
②scary adj. 恐怖的;可怕的
a scary mvie一部恐怖电影
1.She was scared t g int the yard because she was scared f being bitten by the big dg lying at the gate. 她害怕到院子里去,因为她害怕被躺在大门口的大狗咬伤。
2.I was scared t death when I saw the tiger jumped ut f the cage and ran t the little child. 当我看到老虎从笼子里跳出来跑向小孩时,我吓得要死。
考点8.replace vt. 接替;取代;更换
The student unin will hld a special meeting in January t elect smene t replace the secretary. (教材P17)
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议,选举一个人来接替秘书。
用法归纳
replace A with/by B 用B来代替A
词汇拓展
①replacement n. 替换;替代品;接替者
We had a wman patient wh was recvering frm a knee replacement peratin. 我们有一位女性患者,她正从膝关节置换手术中康复。
②“代替……”的表达:
in place f. . . =in ne's place
Mr. Smith is suppsed t attend the meeting in place f the manager,wh has cme dwn with a bad cld. 史密斯先生应该代替经理出席会议,经理得了重感冒。
take ne's place=take the place f. . .
1.Farmers in China began t use tractrs t take the place f cattle fr farming. 中国农民开始用拖拉机代替牛来耕作。
2.Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycles. 如果我们用自行车代替汽车,我们的城市将变得更好。
3.With the ppularizatin f artificial intelligence,the cmpany replaced mst f its emplyees with rbts.
随着人工智能的普及,这家公司用机器人代替了大部分雇员。
考点9.peratin n. 手术;企业;经营
During the peratin,she sat in the waiting rm fr ver an hur wrrying abut him. (教材P18) 在手术过程中,她在等候室里坐了一个多小时,担心着他。
用法归纳
①have an peratin n . . . 接受……手术
② in peratin工作中;使用中;有效
③cme int peratin开始工作;开始生效
④put. . . int peratin实施;使……运转;启用
词汇拓展
①perate v. 操作;运转;工作;经营;动手术
◆perate n sb. /身体部位 给某人/身体某个部位动手术
He is seriusly ill and the dctrs are preparing t perate n him. 他的病情很严重,医生正准备给他动手术。
②peratr n. 电话接线员;操作人员
1.And then in late Nvember,Tilly had an peratin n her leg. 后来11月底,蒂莉做了腿部手术。
2.Traffic cntrls are in peratin n the new rad. 这条新的公路上正在实施交通管制。
3.The new schl rules will sn cme int peratin. 新校规很快就会生效。
4.It is estimated that mre than 20 millin shared bikes will have been put int peratin natinwide by 2025. 据估计,到2025年,全国将有2,000多万辆共享单车投入使用。
考点10.whisper vi. & vt. 悄声说;耳语;低语 n. 耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
I saw her whispering smething int his ear,bviusly nt wanting t be heard. (教材P18)我看见她在他耳边低语着什么,显然不想被别人听见。
用法归纳
①whisper sth. t sb. (=whisper t sb. sth. )对某人悄声说某事
②whisper abut sth. 悄声说某事,嘀咕某事
③It is whispered that. . . 据传……
④in a whisper=in whispers 低声地
1.What are yu whispering abut?你们在低声说些什么?
2.Nervusly facing challenges,I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”. 紧张地面对挑战时,我知道我会对自己小声说两个简单的词“做你自己”。
3.It's whispered that the famus film stars,Jim and Mary,are t separate. 据传,著名影星吉姆和玛丽要分手。
4.My parents tld me in a whisper t take gd care f myself. 我父母小声地告诉我要照顾好自己。
考点11. assist vt. 帮助;援助
Despite the difficult situatin,Dr Bethune did whatever he culd t assist the Chinese peple. (教材P18)尽管处境艰难,白求恩医生还是尽他所能帮助中国人。
用法归纳
①assist (sb. ) with / in sth. 在某方面帮助(某人)
②assist sb. in ding /t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
词汇拓展
①assistance n. 帮助
◆cme t ne's assistance帮助某人
②assistant n. 助理 adj. 助理的;副的
the assistant manager 协理
1.Once he is in truble,all his friends cme t his assistance. 一旦他遇到困难,他所有的朋友都来帮助他。
2.I always assist my parents in ding the dishes after meals. 我总是在饭后帮父母洗碗。
3.In fact,taking part in the arts may even assist kids with/in the language develpment. 事实上,参与艺术甚至可能有助于孩子在语言方面的发展。
考点12. memry n. 记忆力;回忆
After Dr Bethune's death,Chairman Ma Zedng wrte an article in memry f him,in which he praised Dr Bethune as a her t be remembered in China. (教材P18)白求恩医生去世后,毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他,在文中他称赞白求恩医生是一位中国要牢记的英雄。
用法归纳
①in memry f. . . (= t the memry f. . . )作为对……的纪念
②have a gd/bad memry fr . . . 对……有好/差的记忆力
③ in /within ne's memry在某人的记忆中
④frm memry 凭记忆
词汇拓展
◆memrize vt. 记住;记忆
1.One f the biggest challenges f learning English is that we shuld memrize s many new wrds every day. 学习英语最大的挑战之一就是我们应该每天记住如此多的生词。
2.The Chinese peple celebrate the Dragn Bat Festival in memry f/t the memry f Qu Yuan. 中国人庆祝端午节以纪念屈原。
3.The little by can recite the Three-Character Classic frm memry. 那个小男孩能背诵《三字经》。
4.I have a gd memry fr numbers,s I'm gd at maths. 我对数字有很好的记忆力,所以我擅长数学。
5.In my memry,he never hit me except nce. 在我的记忆中,他从不打我,除了一次例外。
考点13. tear n. 眼泪;泪水
She picked herself up and limped away in tears. (教材P20)她爬起来,噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
用法归纳
① in tears流着泪;含着泪
②burst int tears突然大哭起来
③be mved t tears感动得落泪
词汇拓展
tear v. 撕裂;撕碎(过去式:tre;过去分词:trn)
tear apart使分裂;撕毁;使担心
tear dwn拆毁,拆除(建筑物、墙等)
tear up撕碎;推倒
1.He tre apart the agreement,saying he wuld d nthing abut it. 他撕毁了协议,说他什么都不会做。
2.Whether t tear dwn the ld buildings fr a theme park has nt been discussed. 还没有讨论是否拆除旧建筑建造一个主题公园。
3.It is said that if the cmpany clses dwn,they will tear up the cntract between us. 据说如果公司倒闭,他们会撕毁我们之间签订的合同。
4.When the girl heard that her grandma passed away,she burst int tears. 当女孩听说自己的奶奶去世了时,她突然大哭起来。
5.Many peple were mved t tears by the film HI,MOM. 许多人被电影《你好,李焕英》感动得落泪。
考点14.harm n. & vt. 伤害;损害
Is there n ne in this village wh feels any respnsibility t keep their neighburs frm harm?(教材P20)难道这个村子里没有一个人觉得有责任使他们的邻居免受伤害吗?
用法归纳
①d harm t . . . (= d. . . harm)对……有害
②cause. . . harm对……造成损害
③mean n harm 没有恶意
④there is n harm in ding sth. =it des n harm t d sth. 不妨做某事
词汇拓展
①harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful t 对……有害
②harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的
be harmless t对……无害
1.Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud. 一些专家说,如果声音太大,音乐可能有害。
2.There are many kinds f garden spiders,but they are harmless t peple. 园蛛有很多种,但它们对人类无害。
3.Eating t much salt des harm t ur health. 吃太多盐对我们的健康有害。
4.Eating sme bitter vegetables des nt cause us any harm. 吃些苦的蔬菜并不会给我们造成任何损害。
5.There is n harm in watching sme English films and guessing the meaning f the wrds in the film. 不妨看一些英语电影,猜测电影中单词的意思。
考点15. nthing is+形容词比较级+than. . . “没有什么比……更……”
T a persn nthing is mre precius than their life,and if they entrust me with that life,hw culd I refuse that trust,saying I'm cld,hungry,r tired?(教材P16)对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,如果他们把生命托付给我,我怎么能拒绝那种信任,说我冷了、饿了、累了呢?
用法归纳
①nthing is+形容词比较级+than. . . 表示“没有什么比……更……”,该结构是用比较级表示最高级含义。
②该结构中,than后可接名词、代词或 不定式 。
结构拓展
用比较级表示最高级的结构还有:
比较级+than+the ther+复数名词
比较级+than+the rest f+复数名词
比较级+than+any f the ther+复数名词
比较级+than+anything/anyne else
比较级+than+any ther+单数名词(同一范围内的比较)
比较级+than+any+单数名词(不同范围内的比较)
1.Tm is mre hard-wrking than any ther student in Class 1.
→Tm is mre hard-wrking than any f the ther students in Class 1.
→Tm is mre hard-wrking than the ther students in Class 1.
→Tm is mre hard-wrking than anyne else in Class 1.
→Tm is mre hard-wrking than the rest f students in Class 1. 汤姆是一班最勤奋的学生。
2.Tm is mre hard-wrking than any student in Class 2. 汤姆比二班的任何一个学生都更勤奋。
3.He thinks nthing is wrse than this thing. 他认为没有什么比这件事更糟糕了。
4.Nthing is mre imprtant than t have a healthy bdy. 没有什么比拥有一个健康的体魄更重要的了。
考点16.独立主格结构
After a while,a grup f wmen came alng,each balancing a pt f water n her head. (教材P20)
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,她们每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
用法归纳
①现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致,但当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,我们通常把其逻辑主语放在前面,构成独立主格结构。
②独立主格结构的逻辑主语常由名词或主格代词充当。
③独立主格结构的作用相当于一个 状语从句 ,常用来表示 原因 、 时间 、 条件 、方式、伴随或补充说明等情况。
1.It being pretty late (=As it was pretty late),they went hme. 已经很晚了,他们就回家了。(表原因)
2.Everyne having finished tasks (=After everyne had finished tasks),we turned ff the cmputers. 每个人都完成工作后,我们就关上了电脑。(表时间)
3.Weather permitting (=If weather permits),they will hld an English crner tmrrw. 如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天举办一次英语角。(表条件)
4.We redubled ur effrts,each man wrking like tw. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活儿。(表伴随)
考点17. neither. . . nr. . . 既不……也不……
Neither she nr her friends thught abut mving the stne ut f the rad. (教材P2)她和她的朋友们都没想到把石头从路上移开。
用法归纳
①neither. . . nr. . . 意为“既不……也不……”,常连接两个 并列 的成分。
②neither. . . nr. . . 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致,遵循 “ 就近原则 ”。
③neither. . . nr. . . 连接两个并列分句,且都位于 句首 时,两个分句通常用部分倒装结构。
结构拓展
表示“也不……”时,可用neither或nr引起的部分倒装句表达,其结构为:
neither/nr+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。
1.Bill wasn't happy abut the delay f the reprt by Jasn,and neither was I. 比尔对贾森推迟报告感到不高兴,我也不高兴。
2.I have neither brthers nr sisters. 我既无兄弟又无姐妹。
3.The huse is neither t big nr t small—it just suits a family f three. 这个房子既不是太大也不是太小——它正好适合一个三口之家。
4.Neither my brther nr my sister and I enjy playing Internet games. 我和弟弟妹妹都不喜欢玩网络游戏。
5.Neither culd thery d withut practice,nr culd practice d withut thery. 理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。
语法精讲
现在分词(短语)作状语和宾语补足语
现在分词(短语)作状语
一、基本用法
用法归纳
(1)现在分词(短语)可以在句中作状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,所表示的动
作往往和主语之间存在① 主动 关系。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语可表示② 时间 、③ 原因 、④ 条件 、⑤ 让步 、
⑥ 伴随 、结果等,可以和状语从句进行转换。
(3)现在分词(短语)作状语,有时可在前面加上while、when等连词。
(4)现在分词(短语)作状语,其否定形式是在前面加⑦ nt 。
1.I was cnsidering this while wrking as a nurse just a few weeks ag. =I was cnsidering this while I was wrking as a nurse just a few weeks ag. 就在几周前,我还在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题了。
2.Being t yung,he culdn't jin the army. =Because he was t yung,he culdn't jin the army. 因为太年轻,他不能参军。
3.Wrking hard,yu'll succeed. =If yu wrk hard,yu'll succeed. 如果你努力工作,你会成功的。
4.Admitting what she said,I still think that she didn't try her best. =Althugh/Thugh/While I admit what she said,I still think that she didn't try her best. 尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
5.He walked dwn the river,singing sftly t himself. =He walked dwn the river,as he sang sftly t himself.
他沿着河一边走,一边对自己轻轻地唱。
6.Nt having been invited t the party,she had t stay at hme. =Because she had nt been invited t the party,she had t stay at hme. 由于没有被邀请参加聚会,她只好待在家里。
二、注意事项
1. 现在分词的时态形式和语态形式
用法归纳
2. 现在分词的独立主格结构
情景导学
The train having gne,we had t wait anther day. 火车已经开走了,我们不得不再等一天。
Time ging by,everything has changed a lt. 随着时间的流逝,一切都发生了很大的变化。
用法归纳
现在分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致,如果不一致,通常在现在分词(短语)前面加上它的⑧ 逻辑主语 ,构成独立主格结构。
1.Fllwing the dctr's advice,he began t eat fd cntaining vitamin C. 遵照医生的建议,他开始吃含有维生素C的食物。
2.Being prtected by ur parents,we have a sense f safety. 由于被父母保护,我们有一种安全感。
3.Having decided t rent a flat,we set abut cntacting all the husing agencies in the city. 决定租一套公寓后,我们开始联系城里所有的房屋中介。
4.Having been treated prperly,the patient lked much better. 经过合理的治疗后,这位病人看起来好多了。
现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语
归纳1
现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语时,表示宾语正在进行某个动作或处于某种状态。
When he std in frnt f the huse where he grew up as a child,he saw a lady standing in the entrance.
当他站在那所他从小长大的房子前时,他看到一位女士站在门口。
归纳2
现在分词(短语)可作感官动词(短语)see、⑨ hear 、feel、smell、find、ntice、bserve、lk at、listen t等的宾语补足语。
1.I hear him making sense f friendship and its limits. 我听到他对友谊及其界限的理解。
2.When I returned t Lndn in 2004,I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank,spending hurs there.
当我2004年回到伦敦时,我发现自己漫步到南岸,在那里花了几个小时。
3.With his eyes fixed n the games n the smartphne,the by didn't ntice his mther standing behind him.
他的眼睛盯着智能手机上的游戏,这个男孩没有注意到他的母亲站在他身后。
4.When he was enjying the cl under the tree,he suddenly felt an insect crawling n his bdy. 当他在树下乘凉时,突然感觉一只虫子在身上爬。
归纳3
现在分词(短语)可作使役动词⑩ have 、get、leave、keep等的宾语补足语。
1.I wn't have yu running abut in the rm. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
2.The expert gt the machine running again. 那个专家让这台机器再次运转起来了。
归纳4
现在分词(短语)可在with的复合结构中作宾语补足语,现在分词(短语)与宾语之间是 主动 关系。
1.I culdn't d my hmewrk with the nise ging n. 由于噪音不断,我没法做家庭作业。
2.With the cllege entrance examinatin appraching,sme students are under increasing pressure. 随着高考的临近,部分学生的压力在增加。
单元语法专练
A
1.The retired man sat in the armchair, (read) a newspaper.
2. (hear) the bad news, she felt extremely shcked, with her eyes wide pen.
3. (live) far away frm the schl, he still attended the night schl.
4. (take) the path that leads yu ut f the twn, yu will cme t a lake.
5.When I walked int the ffice, I fund a lt f peple (discuss) the prject.
6. (adpt) the teacher's advice, the by slved the prblem easily.
7.With my father (retire) frm his psitin, my uncle will take his place in the cmpany.
1.reading 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:这个退休的人坐在扶手椅上读报纸。该句中逗号后没有连词,且句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词。设空处动作伴随着sat表示的动作发生,且与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
2.Hearing 考查现在分词作时间状语。句意:听到这个坏消息时,她感到非常震惊,眼睛睁得大大的。设空处提示词hear与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作时间状语。
3.Living 考查现在分词作让步状语。句意:虽然他住得离学校很远,但他仍然去上夜校。逗号前后是让步关系,提示词live与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作让步状语。
4.Taking 考查现在分词作条件状语。句意:沿着那条通往城外的小路,你会来到一个湖边。设空处表示条件,且提示词take与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作条件状语。
5.discussing 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。此处为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,结合语境可知,当“我”走进办公室时,“我”发现很多人正在讨论这个项目。 故这里表示发现某人正在做某事,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。
6.Having adpted 考查现在分词作时间状语。句意:采纳了老师的建议后,这个男孩轻松地解决了问题。提示词adpt与the by之间为主动关系且adpt表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生,故用现在分词的完成式作时间状语。
7.retiring 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:我父亲从他的职位上退休后,我叔叔将接替他在公司的职位。此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,提示词retire与my father之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
B
1.我看到几个年轻人进了等候区,好奇地四处张望。
I saw several yung peple enter the waiting area, .
2.转过身,她看到一辆救护车开走了。
, she saw an ambulance driving away.
3.玛丽坐在教室的窗边,和她的同学们制作灯笼。
Mary sat by the windw f the classrm, .
4.摘了各种各样的新鲜美味的水果之后,我们高高兴兴地回家了。
fresh and tasty fruits, we went hme happily.(2020全国Ⅱ写作)
5.今天早晨,在去学校的路上,我看见两名高中生正在帮助一位老年人过马路。
This mrning, n my way t schl, I an ld man crss the rad.(读后续写—场景描写)
6.过马路时行人必须注意红绿灯。
The pedestrians must pay attentin t the traffic lights .
7.当观众为我的表演鼓掌时,我知道我成功了,一阵兴奋和喜悦席卷了我的全身。
With audiences , I knw I made it, and a rush f excitement and jy swept thrugh me.
8.中国已经修建了更多的高速公路,使人们从一个地方旅行到另一个地方容易多了。
Mre freeways have been built in China, fr peple t travel frm ne place t anther.
1.lking arund curiusly 2.Turning arund 3.making lanterns with her classmates 4.Having picked varius 5.saw tw high schl students helping 6.when crssing the rad 7.clapping fr my perfrmance 8.making it much easier
二.写作精讲
关于寓言评论的写作
短语
话题
道德与美德
词汇
1.majrity 2.cmplain 3.respnd 4.elect 5.tend 9.whisper 10.assist 11.memry 12.tear 13.harm
短语
carry sb.thrugh sth. 帮助某人渡过难关,pass away去世,in memry f作为对……的纪念,in tears流着泪;含着泪,harm n.& vt.伤害;损害,in despair处于绝望中,a great deal (f)大量
句型
1. nthing is+形容词比较级+than. . . “没有什么比……更……”
2. 独立主格结构
3. neither. . . nr. . . 既不……也不……
语法
现在分词(短语)作状语和宾语补足语
写作
关于寓言评论的写作
形式
主动式
被动式
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
1.in need需要帮助
2.care fr照顾
3.share jys and srrws同甘共苦
4.be in harmny with...与……和谐相处/协调
5.get alng/n with与……和睦相处;进展
6.make up with...与……和解
7.lend a hand 帮助,搭把手
8.the real meaning f life生命的真正意义
9.serve the peple为人民服务
10.take n respnsibility承担责任
句子
1.The fable tells/shws us that...这则寓言告诉我们……
2.The fable ges that...寓言说的是……
3.The mral f the fable is that...寓言的寓意是……
4.This stry indicates that...这个故事表明……
5.What we learn frm the fable is that...我们从这则寓言中学到的是……
6.There is an ancient Chinese fable called...中国古代有则寓言,叫作……
7.The fable tells us a truth that real knwledge cmes frm practice.这则寓言告诉我们一个真理:实践出真知。
8.The fable tells us that ne gd turn deserves anther.这则寓言告诉我们,善有善报。
9.We can learn frm the fable that where there is a will, there is a way.我们可以从这则寓言中学到:有志者,事竟成。
10.Life begins at the edge f yur cmfrt zne.走出舒适区,人生才算开始。
11.Depend nt n frtune, but n cnduct.别依赖运气,要靠行动。
12.Nthing seek, nthing find.无所求则无所获。
13.Genius is ne percent inspiratin and ninety-nine percent perspiratin.天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。
14.Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
15.He wh has patience can have what he will.唯坚韧者方能遂其志。
16.Actins speak luder than wrds.行动比言语更为响亮。
17.N pain, n gain.不劳则无获。
18.My jurney is lng and winding;I will keep n explring my way far and wide.路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。
19.The lngest jurney begins with the first step.千里之行,始于足下。
20.Every little helps.积少成多。
21.Well begun is half dne.好的开始是成功的一半。
22.Lst years is wrse than lst dllars.一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。
23.A friend is best fund in adversity.=A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
24.Faith can mve muntains.精诚所至,金石为开。
例题讲解
请阅读下面这则寓言,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
On a sunny day a shepherd (牧羊人) walked his tw hungry sheep alng a winding cuntry path. He managed t have them tied t each ther just in case they shuld g separately. It was quite a lng time befre they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amunt f fresh grass n each side f the path. Bth f the sheep were s hungry that they hurried t the grass but in the separate directins. Unfrtunately the rpe fastening(系牢) them was nt lng enugh. N matter hw hard they struggled, neither was able t reach the grass in frnt f them.
The shepherd was abut t help them when he was surprised t find that ne f them shuld vluntarily abandn the struggle, and went alng with the ther. Cnsequently, tgether the tw sheep enjyed the fresh grass n ne side happily, and then the grass n the ther side.
(1)用大约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容;
(2)用100—120个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法,内容包括:
①从这则寓言中,你获得了哪些启示?
②结合该寓言给你的启示,谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。
思路点拨
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词填空
主题
合作
体裁
议论文
布局
第一段:对寓言的简单叙述;
第二段:寓言的寓意;
第三段:生活中如何践行合作。
人称
第一人称和
第三人称
时态
以一般现在时为主
1. n.寓言;寓言故事
2. adv.因此;所以
3. n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
4. v.帮助;援助
答案 1.fable 2.therefre
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:对寓言的简单叙述
(1)这则寓言与读者分享了一个关于两只羊的故事。为了吃到路两侧的青草,它们选择合作而不是竞争。
The fable a stry abut tw sheep readers. Bth f them chse cperatin cmpetitin eat the grass n bth sides f the path.
第二段:寓言的寓意
(2)事实上,这则寓言反映出不同的态度可能导致不同的结果。
, the fable mirrrs that different attitudes may different results.
(3)因此,合作可以创造双赢的局面。在这种局面里,双方都能得益于共同努力的优秀品质。
, cperatin can create a win-win situatin. In this situatin, bth sides can f jint effrts.
第三段:生活中如何践行合作
(4)在我的日常生活中,我经常和同学们在打篮球、参加跑步比赛或社区服务活动的时候合作。
In my daily life, I ften my classmates when playing basketball and races r cmmunity service activities.
(5)同时,作为回报,我也尽最大努力去帮助他们。
Meanwhile, I als d my best .
(6)团队合作是如此重要,以至于它帮助我们获得了许多胜利。
Teamwrk is it helps us win numerus victries.
答案 (1)shares;with;rather than;in rder t(2)As a matter f fact;lead t(3)Therefre;benefit by/frm the virtue
(4)cperate with;taking part in(5)t assist them in return(6)s imprtant that
2.句式升级
(7)将句(1)改写为含有定语从句的句子
The fable shares a stry abut tw sheep with readers, chse cperatin rather than cmpetitin in rder t eat the grass n bth sides f the path.
(8)将句(3)改写为含有定语从句的句子
Therefre, cperatin can create a win-win situatin, / bth sides can benefit by/frm the virtue f jint effrts.
答案 (7)bth f whm (8)where;in which
连句成篇
参考范文
The fable shares a stry abut tw sheep with readers, bth f whm chse cperatin rather than cmpetitin in rder t eat the grass n bth sides f the path.
As a matter f fact, the fable mirrrs that different attitudes may lead t different results. As an ld saying ges, unity means strength. A chpstick breaks easily, while a bunch f them d nt. Therefre, cperatin can create a win-win situatin, where/in which bth sides can benefit by/frm the virtue f jint effrts.
In my daily life, I ften cperate with my classmates when playing basketball and taking part in races r cmmunity service activities. I learn a lt frm my classmates and friends by fllwing their advice. Meanwhile, I als d my best t assist them in return. Teamwrk is s imprtant that it helps us win numerus victries.
实战演练
最近你校就《狼来了》这则寓言故事及其寓意展开讨论,大家踊跃发表自己的看法。请你根据下面所给的要点,给《21世纪学生英文报》写一篇英文稿件。要点如下:
1.该故事的寓意;
2.怎样做一个诚实的学生(举例说明);
3.你的看法(诚实的重要性)。
注意:
1.词数80 左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Almst all f us heard the stry Here Cmes the Wlf when we were little kids.
One pssible versin:
Almst all f us heard the stry Here Cmes the Wlf when we were little kids. What we can learn frm the stry is that we must be hnest and telling a lie is terrible.
As students, hnesty is especially imprtant. By giving hnest answers t questins in the exam, nt nly can we learn abut ur wn strengths and weaknesses in ur study, but als ur teachers can evaluate ur study. Besides, we shuld finish ur hmewrk independently and return bks when they are due.
As far as I'm cncerned, hnesty is a gd virtue. Peple wh are hnest can always win thers' respect. A liar is always lked dwn upn and is hard t earn peple's trust. Only in an hnest way are we able t make mre friends and gain their help t achieve ur gals.
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