高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues精品精练

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课本精讲篇 ------------------------------------------------------------1
单句语法填空初级篇 --------------------------------------------------4
单句语法填空高级篇---------------------------------------------------8
精讲篇
选材：Unit 2 “林巧稚生平”课文拓展片段
Lin Qiazhi, a renwned female dctr in China, devted her entire life t maternal and child health care. ①Thinking f all the wmen and children in need, she refused many ffers t g abrad and stayed in China. ②Wrking day and night, she saved cuntless lives during difficult times. ③She ften visited remte villages, carrying a medical bx n her back. ④When encuntering pr families, she never charged them fr medical services. ⑤Being cmpassinate and respnsible, she was deeply lved by the peple. She nce said, “Serving the peple with my medical skills is the greatest happiness f my life.”
1. 逐句分析-ing形式作状语的类型及逻辑主语
① Thinking f all the wmen and children in need, she refused many ffers t g abrad and stayed in China. ——原因状语
逻辑主语：she（主句主语）
解析：-ing形式短语表“想到所有需要帮助的妇孺”，是主句“拒绝出国邀请”的原因，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，均为林巧稚。
② Wrking day and night, she saved cuntless lives during difficult times. ——伴随状语
逻辑主语：she（主句主语）
解析：-ing形式短语表“日夜工作”，伴随主句“拯救无数生命”的动作发生，体现林巧稚工作的辛劳，逻辑主语与主句主语一致。
③ She ften visited remte villages, carrying a medical bx n her back. ——伴随状语
逻辑主语：she（主句主语）
解析：-ing形式短语补充说明主句动作“走访偏远村庄”时的伴随状态“背上扛着药箱”，逻辑主语为句子主语she。
④ When encuntering pr families, she never charged them fr medical services. ——时间状语
逻辑主语：she（主句主语）
解析：-ing形式短语前有连词When，表“遇到贫困家庭时”，对应主句“不收取医疗费用”的动作发生时间，逻辑主语与主句主语一致。
⑤ Being cmpassinate and respnsible, she was deeply lved by the peple. ——原因状语
逻辑主语：she（主句主语）
解析：-ing形式短语表“富有同情心且负责任”，是主句“深受人们爱戴”的原因，逻辑主语与主句主语一致。
2. 核心词汇与固定搭配总结
① 核心词汇：cmpassinate（adj. 富有同情心的）、tend（v. 照料）、respnsibility（n. 责任）、devte（v. 奉献）、renwned（adj. 著名的）、remte（adj. 偏远的）、charge（v. 收费）、maternal（adj. 产妇的）
② 固定搭配：（把……奉献给……）、think f（想到）、wrk day and night（日夜工作）、in need（需要帮助的）、charge sb. fr sth.（因某事向某人收费）、carry sth. n ne's back（背上扛着某物）、be respnsible fr（对……负责）、a sense f respnsibility（责任感）
3. 即时练习题
（1）单句补全：填入合适的-ing形式作状语（每空限填一词）
① ____ (devte) her life t medical wrk, Lin Qiazhi had n time fr her wn family.
② She walked thrugh the snw, ____ (hld) a lantern t light the way fr the sick child.
③ ____ (tend) t the patients carefully, the dctr didn't ntice the time passing by.
④ ____ (have) a strng sense f respnsibility, she always put the patients' needs first.
⑤ When ____ (visit) the rural areas, she ften shared health knwledge with the lcals.
答案
① Devting ② hlding ③ Tending ④ Having ⑤ visiting
解析：
① 考查-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语与主句主语Lin Qiazhi一致，devte与主语为主动关系，用Devting，表“因为把生命奉献给医疗工作”。
② 考查-ing形式作伴随状语。逻辑主语与主句主语She一致，hld与主语为主动关系，用hlding，补充“走路时举着灯笼”的伴随状态。
③ 考查-ing形式作伴随状语。逻辑主语与主句主语the dctr一致，tend与主语为主动关系，用Tending，表“细心照料病人时”的伴随动作。
④ 考查-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语与主句主语she一致，have与主语为主动关系，用Having，强调“有强烈责任感”先于“把病人需求放在首位”，用完成式-ing形式。
⑤ 考查-ing形式作时间状语。When引导的时间状语从句中，逻辑主语与主句主语she一致，省略she was，用visiting，符合“当走访农村地区时”的时间逻辑。
（2）句式转换：将下列分句改为含-ing形式作状语的句子（保持原意不变）
① She was deeply mved by the patients' trust. She decided t wrk harder.（改为原因状语）
② He fund an ld man lying n the rad. He immediately stpped t help him.（改为时间状语）
③ The nurse walked int the ward. She was singing a lullaby t cmfrt the baby.（改为伴随状语）
④ We knw she is a cmpassinate dctr. We all respect her very much.（改为原因状语）
答案：
① Being deeply mved by the patients' trust, she decided t wrk harder.
② Finding an ld man lying n the rad, he immediately stpped t help him.
③ The nurse walked int the ward, singing a lullaby t cmfrt the baby.
④ Knwing she is a cmpassinate dctr, we all respect her very much.
解析：
① 原句前半句表原因，逻辑主语与主句主语she一致，“被感动”用被动式-ing形式Being deeply mved，作原因状语，连接两个分句语义。
② 原句前半句表时间，逻辑主语与主句主语he一致，“发现”与主语为主动关系，用Finding作时间状语，省略When he fund，使句子更简洁。
③ 原句后半句表伴随，逻辑主语与主句主语The nurse一致，“唱摇篮曲”与“走进病房”同时发生，用singing作伴随状语，补充动作状态。
④ 原句前半句表原因，逻辑主语与主句主语we一致，“知道”与主语为主动关系，用Knwing引导原因状语，省略Because we knw，简化句式结构。
单句语法填空--初级篇
一．单句语法填空
请填入合适的-ing形式，使句子完整（每空限填一词）。
1. ____ (see) a blind man crssing the rad, the by ran ver t help him.
2. The girl sat by the ld grandma, ____ (tell) her interesting stries t make her happy.
3.____ (feel) srry fr the lst puppy, we decided t help it find its wner.
4. When ____ (walk) past the park, I nticed a grup f vlunteers cleaning the benches.
5. The student handed in his hmewrk, ____ (write) his name clearly n the cver.
6. ____ (have) n time t prepare lunch, my mm bught sme bread fr us.
7. They std at the bus stp, ____ (wait) patiently fr the bus t cme.
8. ____ (hear) the little girl crying, the neighbr rushed t her huse.
9. When ____ (help) the ld man carry his bags, Tm met his classmate.
10. ____ (be) kind and warm-hearted, she is always ready t help thers.
答案与解析
答案：Seeing
解析：考查-ing形式作时间状语，逻辑主语the by与see为主动关系，用Seeing，表“看到盲人过马路时”。
2. 答案：telling
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语，逻辑主语the girl与tell为主动关系，用telling，补充“坐在奶奶身边时讲故事”的伴随动作。
3. 答案：Feeling
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语，逻辑主语we与feel为主动关系，用Feeling，表“因为同情迷路的小狗”。
4. 答案：walking
解析：考查-ing形式作时间状语，When引导的从句逻辑主语I与walk一致，省略I was，用walking。
5. 答案：writing
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语，逻辑主语the student与write为主动关系，用writing，说明“交作业时封面写清名字”的伴随状态。
6. 答案：Having
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语，逻辑主语my mm与have为主动关系，“没时间准备午餐”先于“买面包”，用完成式Having。
7. 答案：waiting
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语，逻辑主语They与wait为主动关系，用waiting，表“站在公交站时耐心等待”的伴随动作。
8. 答案：Hearing
解析：考查-ing形式作时间状语，逻辑主语the neighbr与hear为主动关系，用Hearing，表“听到小女孩哭时”。
9. 答案：helping
解析：考查-ing形式作时间状语，When引导的从句逻辑主语Tm与help一致，省略Tm was，用helping。
10. 答案：Being
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语，逻辑主语she与be为主动关系，用Being，表“因为善良热心”。
二． 单句改写（话题：道德困境选择故事）
将下列每组中的两个分句改写为一个含-ing形式作状语的句子（保持原意不变）。
1. He fund a wallet n the grund. He didn't hesitate t hand it t the plice.
She was aware f the danger. She still decided t save the drwning child.
The by finished his hmewrk. He helped his dad repair the brken bike.
They were mved by the vlunteer's spirit. They jined the vlunteer team.
The driver saw the pedestrian suddenly rush ut. He stepped n the brake quickly.
The girl held her mm's hand tightly. She walked int the crwded supermarket.
He had little mney with him. He still bught a warm meal fr the hmeless man.
The teacher entered the classrm. She was hlding a stack f test papers.
答案与解析
答案：Finding a wallet n the grund, he didn't hesitate t hand it t the plice.
解析：原句前半句表时间，逻辑主语he与find为主动关系，用Finding作时间状语，省略When he fund，连接两个分句。
2. 答案：Being aware f the danger, she still decided t save the drwning child.
解析：原句前半句表原因，逻辑主语she与be aware f为主动关系，用Being aware f作原因状语，省略Because she was aware f。
3. 答案：Finishing his hmewrk, the by helped his dad repair the brken bike.
解析：原句前半句表时间，逻辑主语the by与finish为主动关系，用Finishing作时间状语，省略After he finished。
4. 答案：Being mved by the vlunteer's spirit, they jined the vlunteer team.
解析：原句前半句表原因，逻辑主语they与mve为被动关系，用Being mved by作原因状语，省略Because they were mved by。
5. 答案：Seeing the pedestrian suddenly rush ut, the driver stepped n the brake quickly. 解析：原句前半句表时间，逻辑主语the driver与see为主动关系，用Seeing作时间状语，省略When the driver saw。
6. 答案：The girl walked int the crwded supermarket, hlding her mm's hand tightly.
解析：原句前半句表伴随，逻辑主语the girl与hld为主动关系，用hlding作伴随状语，补充“走进超市时紧握妈妈手”的状态。
7. 答案：Having little mney with him, he still bught a warm meal fr the hmeless man.
解析：原句前半句表原因，逻辑主语he与have为主动关系，“没带多少钱”先于“买饭”，用完成式Having作原因状语，省略Althugh he had。
8. 答案：The teacher entered the classrm, hlding a stack f test papers.
解析：原句后半句表伴随，逻辑主语the teacher与hld为主动关系，用hlding作伴随状语，说明“走进教室时拿着试卷”的伴随动作。
三．短语句式判断
判断下列句子中-ing形式作状语的类型（时间、原因、伴随），将答案填在括号内。
1. Zhang Guimei funded a girls' schl, devting all her savings t helping pr girls study.（____ ）
2. When delivering fd t the elderly, the vlunteer always greets them with a smile.（____）
3. Being cncerned abut the children's safety, the teacher walks them hme every day.（____）
4. The firefighter rushed int the burning building, carrying a fire extinguisher.
（____）
Hearing the call fr help, the yung man ran t the river immediately.
（____）
Having wrked in the muntain area fr 20 years, the dctr is familiar with every villager's health cnditin.
（____）
答案与解析
答案：伴随
解析：-ing形式短语devting all her savings...补充说明主句动作“创办女子学校”时的伴随行为，表“把所有积蓄都用于帮助贫困女孩上学”。
2. 答案：时间
解析：-ing形式短语前有连词When，表“给老人送食物时”，对应主句“志愿者微笑问候”的动作发生时间，为时间状语。
3. 答案：原因
解析：-ing形式短语Being cncerned abut...表“因为担心孩子们的安全”，是主句“老师每天送他们回家”的原因，为原因状语。
4. 答案：伴随
解析：-ing形式短语carrying a fire extinguisher补充说明主句动作“冲进着火的大楼”时的伴随状态，表“拿着灭火器”，为伴随状语。
5. 答案：时间
解析：-ing形式短语Hearing the call fr help表“听到呼救声时”，对应主句“年轻人立刻跑到河边”的动作发生时间，为时间状语。
6. 答案：时间
解析：-ing形式短语Having wrked in the muntain area...表“在山区工作20年后”，强调动作先于主句动作“熟悉村民健康状况”，为时间状语。
单句语法填空--高级篇
一．语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（用所给词的-ing形式）。
Li Hua, a cmmunity wrker, has been serving the residents fr ver 10 years. ____1____ (devte) herself t the cmmunity wrk, she has wn the trust and lve f everyne. Every mrning, she starts her wrk by checking the public facilities, ____2____ (ensure) they are in gd cnditin. ____3____ (ntice) that many elderly residents have difficulty buying grceries, she vlunteers t d shpping fr them regularly. When ____4____ (cmmunicate) with the elderly, she always speaks slwly and gently. ____5____ (have) rich experience in cmmunity service, she ften helps slve cnflicts between neighbrs. Last mnth, a heavy rain hit the area. She stayed up all night, ____6____ (rganize) the evacuatin f residents in lw-lying areas. ____7____ (be) praised by the cmmunity fr her excellent wrk, she said mdestly, “It's my duty t serve the peple.” ____8____ (wrk) silently in the cmmunity, she sets a gd example fr all f us with her dedicatin.
答案与解析
答案：Devting
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语Li Hua与devte为主动关系，用Devting，表“因为致力于社区工作”，呼应下文“赢得信任与爱戴”。
2. 答案：ensuring
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语。逻辑主语she与ensure为主动关系，用ensuring，补充“检查公共设施时确保其完好”的伴随动作。
3. 答案：Nticing
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语she与ntice为主动关系，用Nticing，表“因为注意到老人买菜困难”，引出下文“志愿买菜”的行为。
4. 答案：cmmunicating
解析：考查-ing形式作时间状语。When引导的从句逻辑主语she与cmmunicate一致，省略she is，用cmmunicating，表“与老人交流时”。
5. 答案：Having
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语she与have为主动关系，“有丰富社区服务经验”先于“帮助解决邻里矛盾”，用完成式Having。
6. 答案：rganizing
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语。逻辑主语she与rganize为主动关系，用rganizing，补充“熬夜时组织低洼地区居民疏散”的伴随动作。
7. 答案：Being
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语。逻辑主语she与praise为被动关系，用Being praised，表“因为工作出色被社区表扬”，呼应下文的谦虚回应。
8. 答案：Wrking
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语。逻辑主语she与wrk为主动关系，用Wrking，表“在社区默默工作时”，总结其奉献精神，呼应全文主题。
二．短文改错
阅读下面短文，改正文中的错误。每句最多两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Once upn a time, there was a yung wdcutter. One day, he went t the frest cut wd.
①
Walking thrugh the frest, a small bird with a brken wing was fund by him.
② -ing形式逻辑主语错误1）
Feeling srry fr the bird, he tk it hme and fed it with care.
③
When lked after the bird, he learned a lt abut kindness.
④ （-ing形式逻辑主语错误2）
After the bird recvered, it flew away, left a small bag fr him.
⑤
Open the bag, he fund it was full f gld cins.
⑥ （-ing形式逻辑主语错误3）
The wdcutter was very happy, but he decided nt t keep the gld.
⑦
The bird praised him fr his hnest and gave him a bigger bag f gld as a reward.
⑧
答案与解析
答案：cut前加t
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表目的，“去森林砍树”，用不定式t cut作目的状语。
2. 答案：Walking→When he was walking
解析：考查-ing形式作状语的逻辑主语错误。Walking的逻辑主语应为“人”，而主句主语是a small bird，逻辑不一致。可改为When he was walking补全从句主语和be动词。
3. 答案：Crrect
解析：-ing形式Feeling的逻辑主语是he，与主句主语一致，作原因状语，句子无语法错误。
4. 答案：lked→lking
解析：考查-ing形式作状语的逻辑主语错误。When引导的-ing形式状语，逻辑主语是he，与lk after为主动关系，用lking，原句lked为过去式，逻辑主语与主句主语不一致且形式错误。
5. 答案：left→leaving
解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语it（the bird）与leave为主动关系，用leaving作伴随状语，表“飞走时留下小袋子”，原句left为谓语动词，导致句子有两个谓语，结构错误。
6. 答案：Open→Opening
解析：考查-ing形式作状语的逻辑主语错误。Open的逻辑主语是he，与主句主语一致，用Opening作时间状语，表“打开袋子时”，原句Open为动词原形，无法作状语。
答案：but→and
解析：考查连词错误。“非常开心”与“决定不保留金子”是顺承关系，而非转折关系，用and替换but。
8. 答案：hnest→hnesty 解析：考查名词用法。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，hnest为形容词，改为名词hnesty（诚实）。
三．翻译+句式转换
将下列中文句子译为含-ing形式作状语的英文句子（提示：根据语境判断状语类型）。
1. 看到许多人需要帮助，他毅然放弃了高薪工作，成为一名志愿者。
因为热爱教育事业，她选择在偏远山区教书数十年。
消防员们冲进着火的大楼，不顾自身安危。
了解到贫困地区的孩子们缺乏书籍，许多爱心人士捐赠了大量图书。
老师耐心地辅导学生，帮助他们解决学习上的困难。
答案与解析
翻译：Seeing many peple in need, he reslutely gave up his high-paying jb and became a vlunteer.
解析：考查-ing形式作时间状语。“看到”用Seeing，逻辑主语he与see为主动关系，对应中文“看到……时”的语境；核心词汇：reslutely（adv. 毅然）、high-paying（adj. 高薪的）、vlunteer（n. 志愿者）。
2. 翻译：Lving the cause f educatin, she has chsen t teach in remte muntain areas fr decades.
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语。“热爱”用Lving，逻辑主语she与lve为主动关系，表“因为热爱教育事业”；核心词汇：cause（n. 事业）、remte muntain areas（偏远山区）、decades（n. 数十年）。
3. 翻译：The firefighters rushed int the burning building, ignring their wn safety.
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语。“不顾”用ignring，逻辑主语the firefighters与ignre为主动关系，补充“冲进大楼时不顾自身安危”的伴随状态；核心词汇：firefighter（n. 消防员）、burning（adj. 着火的）、ignre（v. 不顾）。
4. 翻译：Knwing that children in pr areas lack bks, many caring peple have dnated a large number f bks.
解析：考查-ing形式作原因状语。“了解到”用Knwing，后接宾语从句，逻辑主语many caring peple与knw为主动关系，表“因为了解到……”；核心词汇：pr areas（贫困地区）、caring（adj. 有爱心的）、dnate（v. 捐赠）。
5. 翻译：The teacher tutrs students patiently, helping them slve difficulties in study.
解析：考查-ing形式作伴随状语。“帮助”用helping，逻辑主语the teacher与help为主动关系，补充“辅导学生时帮助解决学习困难”的伴随动作；核心词汇：tutr（v. 辅导）、patiently（adv. 耐心地）、difficulties in study（学习上的困难）。