高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品单元测试同步达标检测题

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考点1. fld n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
用法归纳
名① a fld f大批的，大量的
动②fld in 大量涌入
③fld int. . . /ut f. . . 大量涌入……/从……蜂拥而出
④be flded with. . . 充满……
词汇拓展
flding n. 水灾；洪水泛滥
【经典练】
A fld f pems appeared in the Tang Dynasty. 唐朝出现了大量的诗。
Supplies began t fld in frm all ver the cuntry. 物资开始从全国各地大量涌入。
Hearing the sad news，her eyes were flded with tears and her muth mved lightly. 听到这个不幸的消息时，她的眼里充满了泪水，嘴轻轻地动了动。
考点2. ruin n. 废墟；破坏；毁坏 vt. 破坏；毁坏；毁灭；使破产
In less than ne minute，a large city lay in ruins. 不到一分钟，一座大城市就成了废墟。
用法归纳
①fall int ruin衰落；破败；被毁灭
②be/lie in ruins破败不堪；倒塌；崩溃；垮掉
易混辨析
【经典练】
Their marriage was in ruins. 他们的婚姻破裂了。
Many ancient buildings fell int ruin/lay in ruins after the earthquake. 地震过后，许多古建筑都被毁了。
考点3. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护vt. 保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. 工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
用法归纳
名①take shelter frm . . . 躲避……
动②shelter. . . frm . . . 保护……免受……
③shelter frm. . . 躲避……
We tk shelter frm the rain in an ld huse. 我们在一座老房子里面避雨。
Trees shelter the huse frm the wind. 树给房子挡住了风。
My father invited them t ur hme t shelter frm the rain. 我的父亲邀请他们到我们家来避雨。
考点4. shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. 使震惊
Peple were in shck. . . 人们都很震惊……
用法归纳
① in shck 震惊；休克
②be a shck t . . . 让……感到震惊
③cme as a shck 让人震惊
④suffer frm shck休克
词汇拓展
①shcked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shcked by/at. . . 对……吃惊
be shcked t see/hear/find. . . 因看到/听到/发现……而吃惊
a shcked lk/expressin/vice震惊的表情/说话声
•Rescue wrkers were shcked by/at what they saw. 救援人员对眼前的景象感到震惊。
②shcking adj. 令人震惊的(常用来形容物)
•What strikes me mst is that their gifts fr art are extremely shcking. 让我印象最深刻的是他们令人极其震惊的艺术天赋。
【经典练】
I stared at him in shck，unsure what t d next. 我惊愕地盯着他看，不知道接下来做什么。
The failure f the Germany natinal ftball team in the 2022 Wrld Cup was a shck t fans. 德国国家男子足球队在2022年世界杯中的失利令球迷震惊。
The news that the great scientist had passed away came as a shck. 那位伟大的科学家去世的消息让人震惊。
考点5. trap vt. (trapped，trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
Sn after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，去将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋死者。
用法归纳
动①trap sb. int (ding) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事
②be trapped in . . . 被困在……中；陷入……中
名③lay/set a trap fr . . . 为……设下圈套
④walk/fall int a trap 落入圈套
【经典练】
The building caught fire and many peple were trapped in it. 大楼着火了，许多人被困在里面。
Sme advertisements like t trap ld peple int buying sme useless things. 有些广告喜欢诱骗老年人买一些无用的东西。
The cheater set a trap fr him and he walked straight int it. 骗子给他设下了圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
考点6. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
Slwly，the city began t breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复生机
用法归纳
①breathe in 吸气
②breathe ut 呼气
③breathe a sigh f relief 松一口气
④breathe deeply深呼吸
词汇拓展
①breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
take a deep breath深深吸一口气
hld ne's breath屏住呼吸；憋气
catch ne's breath喘口气，恢复正常呼吸
take ne's breath away令某人惊叹
be ut f breath喘不过气来
be shrt f breath(因生病、年迈等)呼吸困难
•He smiled，tk a deep breath and gt ready fr the run.
他微笑着，深深吸一口气，准备好跑步。(读后续写—动作描写)
④breathe deeply深呼吸
词汇拓展
①breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
take a deep breath深深吸一口气
hld ne's breath屏住呼吸；憋气
catch ne's breath喘口气，恢复正常呼吸
take ne's breath away令某人惊叹
be ut f breath喘不过气来
be shrt f breath(因生病、年迈等)呼吸困难
②breathless adj. 上气不接下气的
【经典练】
He smiled，tk a deep breath and gt ready fr the run. 他微笑着，深深吸一口气，准备好跑步。
When we paused t catch ur breath，Steve gt dwn n ne knee. 当我们停下来喘口气时，史蒂夫单膝跪下了。
Nearly ut f breath，he walked t me and then gave me a hug. 他几乎喘不过气来了，走向我，然后给了我一个拥抱。
The dctr asked me t breathe in，and then t breathe ut fully. 医生让我吸气，然后全部呼出。
We all breathed a sigh f relief when the news came that n ne was injured in the accident. 当事故中没有人受伤的消息传来时，我们都松了一口气。
考点7. effrt n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city's peple，a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震的废墟上被建起来了。
用法归纳
①make an effrt t d sth. =make effrts t d sth. 努力做某事
②spare n effrt t d sth. 不遗余力地做某事
③make every effrt t d sth. 尽一切努力做某事
④ in an effrt t d sth. 为了做某事
⑤with/ withut effrt费力地/毫不费力地
⑥put effrt int (ding) sth. 努力做某事
【经典练】
As a senir high schl student，yu must make effrts t imprve yur cmmunicatin and prblem-slving skills. 作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高沟通和解决问题的能力。
In an effrt t prtect the envirnment，peple shuld cut dwn carbn ftprints. 为了保护环境，人们应该减少碳足迹。
We shuld spare n effrt t carry frward excellent traditinal Chinese culture. 我们应该不遗余力地弘扬中国优秀传统文化。
The by always put effrt int studying，s he passed the exam withut effrt. 这个男孩总是努力学习，所以他轻松地通过了考试。
考点8. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
What kind f help d yu think peple wh have suffered an earthquake need?你认为遭受地震的人需要什么类型的帮助?
用法归纳
①suffer pain 遭受痛苦
②suffer frm . . . 患……病；因……受苦
特别提醒
suffer用作及物动词时意为“遭受；蒙受”，后常接pain、lss、injury、defeat、damage、
punishment等；用作不及物动词时意为“(因……)受苦”，构成suffer frm，后常接表示疾病的名词或表示造成苦难、痛苦的事物的名词，如ill health、a shrtage f. . . 、
a lack f. . . 等。
词汇拓展
①suffering n. 痛苦；疼痛
②sufferer n. 受苦者；受难者
【经典练】
The athlete's leg was brken and he suffered great pain. 那个运动员的腿断了，他遭受了巨大的痛苦。
He suffered frm all kinds f diseases in thse years. 那些年，他患有各种各样的疾病。
话题
自然灾难
词汇
fld, rescue, damage, shelter, ruin, shck, trap, effrt ,supply ,strike, aid, death, crack, length, cntext, wisdm, emergency, summary,fld, rescue, damage, affect,shelter,ruin,shck,trap,
bury,breathe,suffer,supply,survey,strike, aid, deliver, erupt,calm, sweep
短语
n hand, in ruins, in summary, have an effect n , cme t an end , set up, fall dwn, in shck , in the pen air, n hand , sweep away
句型
as if ,leave+宾语+宾语补足语, be ding …when…,make it +形容词/名词+t d/ding/从句, as …as…..和….一样
语法
限制性定语从句(1)
写作
概要写作
damage
多指轻度损坏，一般是可修复的；也可以指对健康、感情、名誉等的伤害
ruin
多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等带来严重破坏，后果往往是使物体丧失价值；也可指毁掉假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物或严重危害健康
destry
指彻底毁坏某事物，使事物丧失功能或不复存在；也可指使希望、计划等落空或摧毁人的信心等
考点9. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl. ]补给品 vt. 供应；供给
The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry. 向灾区提供的补给品是从全国各地收集来的。
用法归纳
名① in shrt supply 供应短缺
②supply chain供应链
动③supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. t sb. 给某人提供某物
特别提醒
表示“补给品”常用复数形式supplies。
易混辨析
【经典练】
Sme cld medicine was in shrt supply. 有些感冒药供应短缺了。
The gvernment supplied the peple in the disaster-hit area with enugh supplies. =The gvernment supplied enugh supplies t the peple in the disaster-hit area. 政府为受灾地区的人们提供了足够的补给品。
考点10. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
She's feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake. 她正在喂这个在地震中幸存的婴儿。
用法归纳
①survive sth. 在某事中幸存；渡过难关
②A survive B by +一段时间 A比B多活一段时间
③survive n . . . 依靠……生存
词汇拓展
①survivr n. 幸存者
②survival n. [U]幸存，存活；[C]残存物
•The survival rate f the trees is 85% nw. . . 树的成活率现在是85%……
【经典练】
Lve f family helps us survive great hardships. 家人的爱帮助我们度过艰辛岁月。
Jhn survived his wife by five years，during which time he was very lnely. 约翰比他妻子多活了五年，在此期间他很孤独。
In Germany，beer is the drink everyne is enjying but yu can't survive n just beer. 在德国，啤酒是每个人都喜欢的饮料，但是你不能只靠啤酒生存。
考点11. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
Stay calm. 保持镇静。
用法归纳
形①keep/stay calm保持镇静
动②calm (sb. /sth. ) dwn (使……)镇静/平静下来
词汇拓展
①calmly adv. 镇静地
②calmness n. 镇静
【经典练】
Thankfully，Jeff stayed calm and turned ff the gas quickly. 万幸的是，杰夫保持冷静，迅速关掉了煤气。
The mther tapped the baby gently t calm him dwn. 妈妈温柔地拍着婴儿，使他安静下来。
I slwly calmed dwn and hugged him，telling him that I wuld help him vercme his difficulty. 我慢慢平静下来，拥抱了他，告诉他我愿意帮助他克服困难。
考点12. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. 帮助；援助
first aid kit急救箱
用法归纳
名①first aid急救
② in aid f. . . 为了帮助……
③ with the aid f在……的帮助下
④cme t ne's aid 来帮助某人
动⑤aid sb. in/with (ding)sth. 帮助某人做某事
【经典练】
A cncert that is designed t cllect mney was given in aid f the flded areas. 为了帮助洪涝灾区，(人们)举行了一场旨在筹集资金的音乐会。
With the aid f the Internet，peple quickly find all the infrmatin they need. 有了网络的帮忙，人们很快就找到所需要的全部资料。
Peple frm ther parts f the cuntry came t their aid when the disaster struck. 当灾难到来时，全国各地的人都来帮助他们。
He tried his best t aid a dctr in/with rescuing an injured man. 他尽最大努力帮助一位医生抢救一名受伤的男子。
考点13. strike v. 侵袭；突击；击打；罢工；使突然想到；划(火柴)；敲；鸣；让(某人)觉得 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
The undersea quake struck arund 7：00 a. m. ，Sunday ff the west cast f Indnesia's Sumatra Island. 印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛的西海岸附近的海域于周日早上7点左右发生了海底地震
用法归纳
动① sth strikes sb. 某人突然想到某事物
②be struck by . . . 被……打动
③It strikes sb. that. . . 某人突然想到
④strike ne/tw/three. . . (时钟)敲响一点/两点/三点……
⑤strike while the irn is ht趁热打铁
名⑥ g n strike/be n strike举行罢工/在罢工
词汇拓展
striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的
【经典练】
The clck has just struck three. 时钟刚刚敲过三点。
Visitrs at hme and abrad are struck by the beauty f the Yellw Crane Twer. 国内外的游客都被黄鹤楼的美打动了。
A slutin struck me immediately，which made me very excited. 我立刻想到了一个解决办法，这使我非常兴奋。
It suddenly struck him that it was als his duty t d the washing himself. 他突然意识到自己洗衣服也是他的职责。
Wrkers in Lndn went n strike last week. 伦敦的工人上周举行了罢工。
考点14. effect n. 影响；结果；效果
用法归纳
①have an effect n . . . 对……产生影响
②be brught/put int effect被实施，生效(主动语态为bring/put. . . int effect)
③ in effect实际上(=in fact)；在实施中
④cme int effect生效；开始实施
⑤ take effect见效，开始起作用
词汇拓展
①effective adj. 有效的
②effectively adv. 有效地
③affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
be affected by. . . 被……深深打动/影响
【经典练】
In effect，that wuld kill tw birds with ne stne. 事实上，那样会有一石二鸟的效果。
The steps that Frd tk have begun t take effect. 福特公司采取的措施已经开始见效了。
T imprve the ppulatin structure，the three-child plicy has cme int effect. 为了优化人口结构，三孩政策已经生效了。
The new traffic rules have been brught/put int effect since March. 新交通规则自三月份起就生效了。
Best f all，humr raises yur energy，and that can have an effect n everything yu d at schl，at wrk，r in yur persnal life. 最好的是，幽默能让你精力充沛，那会影响你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切。
考点15. It seems/seemed as if. . . 仿佛/似乎……
It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!
用法归纳
①It seems/seemed as if. . . 句型是“主系表”结构。其中It是代词，并无实义，指的是某种情况，seems/seemed为系动词，as if 引导 表语从句 。
②在It seems/seemed as if. . . 句型中，若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情，则从句要用陈述语气；若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情，则从句要用 虚拟语气 。
特别提醒
as if引导从句使用虚拟语气时有以下三种情况：
【经典练】
It seems as if they had never seen each ther befre. 仿佛他们以前从未见过面。
It seemed as if he has learned by heart a speech written by smene else. 他好像是背了一篇由别人写的演讲稿。
考点16. was/were ding sth. when. . . 正在做某事，这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时水开始涌进我的家里。
用法归纳
was/were ding sth. when. . . 中的when为并列连词，意为“这时；那时”，相当于and at this/that time，连接两个并列分句，前面的分句用过去进行时，后面的分句用 一般过去时 。
结构拓展
when用作并列连词还常用于下列句型中：
①was/were n the pint f ding. . . when. . . 刚要做……，这时……
•He was n the pint f sleeping when there was a knck at the dr.
他正要睡觉，这时有敲门声。
②was/were abut t d. . . when. . . 正要做……，这时……
I was abut t g ut when the telephne rang. 我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
③had just dne. . . when. . . 刚做完……，这时……
【经典练】
I had just walked ut f the kitchen when smene kncked at the dr. 我刚从厨房出来，这时有人敲门。
We were having a meeting when smene brke in. 我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。
My mther was putting her grceries int shpping bags when a stranger came up t her. . .
我妈妈正在把食品杂货装进购物袋，这时一个陌生人走到她面前……
语法精讲
限制性定语从句(1)
一、概述
1. 定语从句的概念
用法归纳
(1)定语从句是在句中修饰、限制或补充说明一个名词(或代词)的从句。被定语从句修饰的名词(或代词)叫① 先行词 。
(2)引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系② 代 词(that、which、wh、whm、whse等)和关系③ 副 词(when、where、why等)。
【经典练】
It's a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. Crystal教授会问她的学生这个问题。
This experience makes me realize that there are s many peple in this wrld wh need ur help. 这次经历让我意识到这个世界上有很多人需要我们的帮助。
She's an artist whse wrk I really admire. 她是一位艺术家，她的作品令我赞赏不已。
There was a time when I had sme difficulties in my life. 有一段时间我生活中遇到了一些困难。
2. 定语从句的种类
用法归纳
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时通常不可用④ 逗号 分开。
(2)非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句通常不用that引导。
【经典练】
His sn wh/that is a dctr is my best friend. (限制性定语从句)他当医生的那个儿子是我最好的朋友。
His sn，wh is a dctr，is my best friend. (非限制性定语从句)他的儿子是一个医生，他是我最好的朋友。
二、定语从句的关系代词的用法
用法归纳
定语从句的关系代词有三大作用：
(1)引导作用：引导定语从句。
(2)替代作用：在定语从句中替代先行词。注意关系代词whse在替代先行词的同时还带个“的”，它相当于名词所有格，所以它在定语从句中作定语。
(3)成分作用：因为关系代词替代了先行词，所以它通常会在定语从句中充当一个主要成分，具体见下表：
特别提醒
关系代词作宾语时通常可以省略，但关系代词前面是介词时，关系代词不可以省略，且只能使用which(指物)、whm(指人)。
【经典练】
Li Fei is the girl (that/wh/whm) I usually g t schl with. 李菲就是通常和我一起去上学的那个女孩。(指人，作宾语)
Li Fei is the girl with whm I usually g t schl. 李菲就是通常和我一起去上学的那个女孩。(指人，作宾语)
The number f the peple wh/that cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin. 每年来参观这座城市的人的数量达到一百万。(指人，作主语)
This may be the suitcase that/which cntains imprtant materials. 这也许是那个装有重要资料的手提箱。(指物，作主语)
The farm (that/which) we visited last week is very big. 我们上周参观的那个农场很大。(指物，作宾语)
I met a girl there whse hair came dwn t her waist. 我在那儿遇见一个长发及腰的女孩。(指人，作定语)
We'll rebuild the huse whse rf was damaged in the earthquake. 我们将重建那个屋顶在地震中受损的房子。(指物，作定语)
三、用that不用which的情况
用法归纳
(1)先行词既有人又有物时用that。
(2)先行词为 everything、smething、nthing、anything、all、nne、little、few、much等不定代词时或被few、little、much、the nly、the very、all、every、any等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。
(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，用关系代词that不用which。
(4)主句是特殊疑问句且疑问词是which时，句中定语从句的关系代词用that。
【经典练】
All that glitters is nt gld. 闪闪发光的东西未必都是金子。
There is little that I can d. 几乎没有什么我能做的。
This is the mst interesting stry that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的故事.
The first thing (that) we shuld d is wrk ut a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是制订一个计划。
Which is the bike that yu lst?哪一辆是你丢的自行车?
I'll never frget the peple and the events that impressed me. 我永远不会忘记那些给我留下深刻印象的人和事。
四、用which/wh不用that的情况
1. 用which不用that的情况
That which des nt defeat us makes us strnger. 打不倒我们的东西会让我们更强大。
用法归纳
当先行词本身就是that时关系代词用which。
2. 用wh不用that的情况
I must help thse wh are in need badly. 我必须帮助那些急需帮助的人。
One wh has nthing t fear dares t tell the truth. 无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
We welcme anyne wh has an interest in painting. 我们欢迎任何对绘画感兴趣的人。
用法归纳
先行词是指人的thse、ne，不定代词anyne，人称代词he等时，定语从句的关系代词常用wh不用that。
五、定语从句中的主谓一致
用法归纳
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与前面的先行词保持一致。
(2)当“the nly ne f+复数名词”结构后跟定语从句时，先行词是the nly ne，而不是f后的复数名词，所以谓语动词用⑧ 单 数。
(3)当“ne f+复数名词”结构后跟定语从句时，先行词是复数名词，谓语动词用⑨ 复 数。
【经典练】
The by wh was reading a nvel in his wn rm didn't knw the accident. 那个在自己房间看小说的男孩不知道这起事故。
Tmmy is the nly ne f the pupils that has failed the exam. 汤米是那些学生中唯一考试没及格的人。
She is ne f the students wh sing well. 她是唱歌唱得好的学生之一。
【经典练】
单句语法填空
1.They say gd things cme t thse wh wait.
2.It is hard t name a cmedy star wh/that hasn't been n the stage here.
3.The hardest part fr me is that I gt an injury，an injury which/that may take me ut fr years.
4.In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
5. Smetimes we shuld ignre the persns and things that upset us.
6. The first prblem that we need t slve is the shrtage f mney.
7. The FIFA Wrld Cup Qatar 2022 final is ne f the mst exciting ftball games that I have ever seen.
8. Jim was the nly ne f the bys wh was (be) late fr class.
二．写作精讲
概要写作
写作题目
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A 7.1⁃magnitude quake tppled(使倒塌) huses and cut ff pwer and first⁃aid materials' supply in Yushu, Qinghai Prvince n Wednesday.
Rescuers have set up mre than 40 tents fr survivrs in Gyegu Twn, near the epicenter(震中)in Yushu Tibetan Autnmus Prefecture in suthwestern Qinghai. But the effrt seems far less than enugh fr the area ppulated by sme 100,000 peple. Many peple sught temprary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremr(轻微地震). In the yard f Yushu's Sprts Cmmittee, nearly 1,000 peple were sitting r lying n the grund in ttal darkness. Sme wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken ut f the debris. Sme brught their wn tents and thers turned n the lights f mtrcycles.
The Natinal Meterlgical Centre f CMA frecast n Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the cming days. The twn will see strng winds and sunny weather in the cming days, prviding favrable cnditins fr rescue peratins.
The twn is lcated in a remte area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged rads, causing great difficulties fr rescuers and, especially, machines t enter the regin. In additin, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) wrking at a place with an altitude(海拔) f abve 4,000 meters.
Thusands f rescuers and medical staff are rushing t Yushu frm many regins f China, bringing machines, disaster⁃relief materials and medicines t the quake⁃hit twn. The gvernment, rganizatins, enterprises and individuals are ffering dnatins f mney and materials t the regin.












文本分析
1.语篇解读
主题语境:自然灾害与救助
语篇类型:新闻报道
文章大意:介绍了青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。
2.段落主题
本篇文章为“总—分”结构,第一段概括陈述发生的事件,下面四段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下:
第一段:A 7.1⁃magnitude quake ccurred in Yushu, Qinghai Prvince n Wednesday.
第二段:The survivrs relied n the tents. But because there were nt enugh tents, many peple sught temprary shelters r even sat r lay n the grund in darkness.
第三段:The weather will prvide favrable cnditins fr rescue peratins.
第四段:The damaged rads cause great difficulties fr rescuers and machines t enter the regin. The high altitude makes rescuers easily get exhausted.
第五段:A lt f rescuers, medical staff and disaster⁃relief materials are being sent t Yushu.
筛选、整合信息,转换表达
1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的ccurred in可以转换表达为 ,表示“袭击”。
2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看,the survivrs有三种状态,即 、 和sat r lay n the grund in darkness,其中sat r lay n the grund in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述为 。because there were nt enugh tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句,可以转换表达为because f短语,nt enugh可以转换表达为 ,表示“有限的”。
3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重点是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“介词despite+宾语”来表示,不利因素有两个方面,即 和 ,这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。
4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助,所以可以用 与要点3衔接。
答案 1.hit 2.relied n the tents;sught temprary shelters;stayed utdrs;limited 3.the damaged rads;the high altitude 4.Luckily
连句成篇











参考范文
A 7.1⁃magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai Prvince n Wednesday.(要点1)The survivrs relied n the tents, and because f the limited tents, many peple sught temprary shelters r stayed utdrs.(要点2) Despite the favrable weather cnditins, the damaged rads and the high altitude cause great difficulties fr the rescue wrk.(要点3) Luckily, a lt f rescuers, medical staff and disaster⁃relief materials are being sent t Yushu.(要点4)
写作积累
新闻概要的要点一般包括时间、地点、事件、起因、结果和可能的后续活动等。概要的内容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语等均可省略,力求语言简明扼要,要点齐全。
概要写作可以分为三个步骤:要点获取、要点转述和要点衔接。
1.要点获取
通过筛选主题句和寻找关键词找出要点。
(1)筛选主题句
主题句是指能够概括全文或者整个段落的关键句。通常情况下段落是由主题句和细节句组成的,段落可以是“总—分”或“分—总”的结构。因此一个段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾。
另外,我们也可以特别关注像s、therefre、thus这样的标志词,这些词后往往是作者对前文的一个总结,很可能就是主题句。
(2)寻找关键词
在实际写作中,我们会发现某些段落并不能直接找出主题句,那么,可以通过找出段落关键词,进而连词成句,得出段落要点。
2.要点转述
可以从下面四个方向进行转述:
(1)同义替换
同义替换指的是用相同意义的单词、短语、或者句子代替从原文中找出的要点。
例 在“Scientists frm NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter t travel arund Mars and get infrmatin.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explre Mars代替travel arund Mars and get infrmatin。如此,我们得到要点Scientists frm NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter t explre Mars.
(2)语态转换
语态转换就是把句子在主动语态和被动语态之间进行转换。
例 本单元课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the cuntryside f nrtheastern asleep as usual that night.”
原要点:Strange things were happening, but peple thught little f these events.
语态转换后的要点:Strange things were happening, but they were ignred.
(3)词性改变
在进行要点转述的过程中,由于词汇量或其他原因,可能会遇到某些词很难找到同义词。这时,可以尝试用不同的词性表达相同的意思,如把动词改成名词短语或者把形容词改成名词短语等。
例 Mst students experience a lt f stress while preparing fr exams, as bth their parents and teachers expect them t get high scres.
前半句可以同义转换成Many students are stressed during the exam perid,后半句可以将expect改成expectatin,这样得到了转换后的要点:Because f the high expectatins frm their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam perid.
(4)句子重构
只有掌握了多种句式,如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词作状语等,并对不同的句式进行灵活转换,才能写出层次清晰、语言简练的内容概要。概要写作在语言表达上也要求“以简为贵”。
例 原要点:The city hsted the event. It has witnessed many imprtant ceremnies in histry.
改写后的要点:The city which has witnessed many imprtant ceremnies in histry hsted the event.
3.要点衔接
注意要点之间的衔接,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,要
用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,优先考虑使用较短的衔接词(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefre、yet、hwever等)。
supply
尤指大量或定期地提供所缺之物
prvide
提供事先准备好的必需品或提供建议或指导，
常用搭配：prvide sb. with sth. /prvide sth. fr/t sb.
ffer
强调主动提供，常用搭配：ffer sb. sth. /ffer sth. t sb.
从句内容
从句谓语的形式
与现在事实相反
一般过去时(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
过去完成时(had dne)
与将来事实相反
culd/might/wuld d
关系代词
先行词
在定语从句中可作的成分
that
人、物
⑤ 主语 、⑥ 宾语 、表语
which
物
主语、宾语
wh
人
主语、宾语
whm
人
宾语
whse
人、物
⑦ 定语