人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案，共8页。学案主要包含了小题夯基，大题提能，语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一．词汇预先知
Ⅰ.单词——记其形
1．native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人
2．a psitive attitude twards life 对人生的乐观态度
3．the mst cnvenient transprt system最方便的交通体系
4．despite his lack f experience 尽管他缺少经验
5．ne f the imprtant factrs 重要因素之一
6．a symbl f freedm 自由的象征
7．an energy－saving__means f transprtatin 一种节能的交通运输方式
8.classic bks 经典著作
9．regard it as my duty 把它当作我的责任
10．develp children’s character 培养孩子的品质
11．a specific meaning 特定的含义
Ⅱ.单词——知其意
1．billin n．十亿
2．bne n. 骨头；骨(质)
3．shell n. 壳；壳状物
4．carve vt.&vi. 雕刻
5．dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
6．dialect n. 地方话；方言
7．calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
8．affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系
Ⅲ.单词——通其变
1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．参考；指称关系
2．base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→varius adj.不同的；各种各样的
4．majr adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majrity n．大多数
5．glbal adj.全球的；全世界的→glbe n．球体；地球仪；地球
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciatin n．欣赏；感激；感谢
Ⅳ.词块——英汉译
1．refer t 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and dwns 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (t...) 追溯到
4．the attitude t/twards... 对……的态度
5．pay attentin t 注意
6．play a(n)． in 起着……的作用
7．be knwn fr its ancient civilisatin以其古老的文明而闻名
8．lead t 导致
9．ne unified cuntry 一个统一的国家
10．classic wrks 经典的作品
11．in ancient times 在古代
12．Chinese characters 汉字
13．be cnnected with 和……有联系
14．glbal affairs 全球事务
课文精研读
原文呈现
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM：CONNECTING① THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely② knwn fr③ its ancient civilisatin④ which has cntinued all the way thrugh⑤ int mdern times, despite⑥ the many ups and dwns⑦ in its histry【1】．There are many reasns why this has been pssible【2】， but ne f the main factrs⑧ has been the Chinese writing system.
【1】which引导的定语从句修饰先行词its ancient civilisatin。
【2】关系副词why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasns，同时why在从句中作原因状语。
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture－based⑨ language.It dates back several thusand years t⑩ the use f lnggu—animal bnes⑪ and shells⑫ n which symbls⑬ were carved⑭ by ancient Chinese peple【3】．Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in tday’s hanzi.
【3】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词animal bnes and shells。which指代animal bnes and shells。
By the Shang Dynasty⑮ (arund 1600－1046 BCE), these symbls had becme a well－develped⑯ writing system.Over the years, the system develped int⑰ different frms, as it was a time when peple were divided⑱ gegraphically⑲， leading t many varieties⑳ f dialectseq \(○,\s\up4(21)) and characterseq \(○,\s\up4(22))【4】．This, hwever, changed under Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE)．
【4】as引导原因状语从句，该从句中包含一个“it is/was a time when...”句型，意为“这是一个……的时代/时刻”，其中when引导定语从句，修饰a time。动词－ing短语leading 作结果状语。
Emperreq \(○,\s\up4(23)) Qinshihuang unitedeq \(○,\s\up4(24)) the seven majreq \(○,\s\up4(25)) states int ne unifiedeq \(○,\s\up4(26)) cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directineq \(○,\s\up4(27))【5】．That writing system was f great imprtanceeq \(○,\s\up4(28)) in uniting the Chinese peple and culture.Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak【6】， they can all still cmmunicate in writing.
【5】where引导的定语从句修饰先行词ne unified cuntry，where在从句中作地点状语。
【6】“n matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句，what前省略了n matter。
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant meanseq \(○,\s\up4(29)) by which China’s present is cnnected with its past【7】．Peple in mdern times can read the classiceq \(○,\s\up4(30)) wrkseq \(○,\s\up4(31)) which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regardeq \(○,\s\up4(32)) fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters as an art frm, knwn as Chinese calligraphyeq \(○,\s\up4(33)), which has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture【8】．
【7】“介词by＋which”引导的定语从句修饰先行词an imprtant means。
【8】该句是一个较复杂的主从复合句。The high regard是主语；介词短语修饰主语。关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰先行词an art frm。
Tday, the Chinese writing system is still an imprtant part f Chinese culture.As China plays a greater rle ineq \(○,\s\up4(34)) glbal affairseq \(○,\s\up4(35))【9】， an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciateeq \(○,\s\up4(36)) China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazingeq \(○,\s\up4(37)) language.
【9】As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。
Fill in the blanks accrding t the text.
China’s ancient civilisatin has cntinued int mdern times, despite the many ups and dwns in its histry.One f the main factrs 1.is (be) the Chinese writing system.
2．Dating (date) back several thusand years t lnggu, written Chinese was a picture－based language.At that time, peple carved sme 3.symbls (symbl) n animal bnes and shells.By the Shang Dynasty, it had been already a 4.highly (high) develped system.Later, there was a time 5.when the Chinese peple were divided gegraphically, leading t many varieties f dialects and characters.The Chinese writing system was fixed frm Qin Dynasty, when Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry.
The writing system is nt nly f great 6.imprtance (imprtant) in uniting the Chinese peple and culture, but als an imprtant means 7.by which China’s present is cnnected with its past.Tday, we can read the classic wrks which 8.were__written (write) by Chinese in ancient times.Nw, Chinese calligraphy, as 9.an art frm, has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture.
With China playing a greater rle in glbal affairs, an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t learn Chinese 10.t__appreciate (appreciate) China’s culture and histry.
三．随堂精训练
【小题夯基】
一.单词拼写
1．As time ges by，I have changed my attitude(态度) and I even think she is lvely.
2．Practising Chinese kung fu can nt nly build up ur strength, but als develp ur character (性格)．
3．It is a pity that I can nt perate the system(系统) well.
4．Reading classic (经典作品) bks can bst yur learning experience.
5．As is knwn t us all，the valuable painting dates back t the Ming Dynasty(朝代)．
6．The teenagers have specific (明确的) requirements f hw t d that.
7．The weather culd be a majr factr(因素) in tmrrw’s game.
8．After three years f study，she knws the dialect(方言) here well.
9．As we all knw, cars have becme a ppular means(途径) f transprt.
10．She speaks nt nly her native(本国的) language, Chinese, but als English.
二.词形变化
1．They carried ut varius (variety) experiments t prve their thery.
2．The symbls which were__carved(carve) n the shell by my father lk alive.
3．They play a leading rle in reducing glbal (glbe) warming.
4．This is an ld building dating(date) back t the 14th century.
5．Beijing is filled with peple frm varieties(variety) f parts f China.
6．Yu’d better write dwn the phne number f that restaurant fr future reference (refer)．
7．Calligraphy was nt nly a beautiful art frm but als a means(mean) f shwing the “man behind the brush”．
8．Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, is__regarded(regard) as ne f the best frms f exercise.
9．Yu’d better learn sme basic (base) Chinese befre yu cme t ur schl.Only in this way can yu get used t the life here sn.
【大题提能】
A
Sme sayings we use tday are very ld.They came frm hw peple used t live lng ag.Tday we use the phrase “fly ff the handle (柄)，”meaning that smene suddenly becmes angry.Lng ag, tls like axes (斧头) were very imprtant t settlers.Axes were used t clear land and cut wd.It was imprtant that the tls be carefully made.Axe heads needed t be well fixed t axe handles.Why? Tls that were made with less care and attentin culd be very perilus．If the head f an axe was nt well fixed t its handle, it culd fly ff when a persn was cutting things.It culd easily hit smene.
Have yu ever had “the wl pulled ver yur eyes”？ If the wl has ever been pulled ver yur eyes, yu have been tricked r fled.This phrase came frm the time when men wre wigs (假发)．Many f the wigs were made frm wl (the hair f sheep)．Thus, “wl” became a ppular nickname fr a wig.Just like tday, peple liked t play tricks, r practical jkes.One practical jke was t pull a man’s wig ver his eyes.His eyes were cvered and peple arund laughed heartily.Afterwards, peple said smene was fled when the wl had been pulled ver his eyes.
Oppsite t the saying “things are lking up” in meaning, “g t pt” is ften used when smething becmes much wrse.This phrase cmes frm candles.Candles were made by putting a wick (灯芯) in candle wax, which was in the frm f liquid.The prcess culd nt be cmpleted at nce.At first the wax n the wick was nt thick enugh and needed time t dry.S the wicks were cated repeatedly until the candles were big enugh t use.When the candles burned lw, the little leftver pieces were nt thrwn away.They were thrwn in a pt.They had “gne t pt”．
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了几条英语谚语的来历。
1．What des the underlined wrld “perilus” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Strange.B．Cheap.
C．Simple.D．Dangerus.
答案 D [词义猜测题。由画线词后的解释it culd fly ff when a persn was cutting things和It culd easily hit smene可知，perilus此处相当于dangerus。]
2．What truble did the jke bring the man wearing a wig?
A．He had t pick up his wig frm the grund.B．He suddenly became unable t see.
C．He culd nt find his wl.D．He lst his way.
答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段中的His eyes were cvered可知，这种玩笑会让戴假发的男士突然看不见东西。]
3．If smething has taken a turn fr the better, we can use the saying “________”．
A．g t ptB．fly ff the handle
C．things are lking upD．the wl has been pulled ver yur eyes
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文中对三个谚语的介绍可知，尤其是最后一段首句Oppsite t the saying “things are lking up” in meaning，“g t pt” is ften used when...可知，表示情况好转应用things are lking up这个谚语。]
4．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Stries behind sme phrases.B．Special tls used by settlers.
C．Hw peple used t live lng ag.D．Why sme ld sayings are still used.
答案 A [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了三条英语谚语的来历。故选A项。]
B
English has surely becme the glbal language.Whenever we turn n the news t find ut what’s happening in East Asia, r Africa, r anywhere, peple are being interviewed and telling us abut it in English.
If peple lk at the facts abut the amazing reach f the English language, many wuld be surprised.English is used in ver 90 cuntries as an fficial r semi－fficial language.English is the wrking language f many internatinal institutes (研究所) as well as f mst internatinal research scientists.It is als the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children t learn.It is believed that ver ne billin peple wrldwide are nw learning English.
One f the mst imprtant causes f the spread f English arund the wrld is that Eurpeans are willing t accept it as their language.English is spreading frm nrthern Eurpe t the suth and is nw the secnd language in cuntries such as Sweden, Nrway, Netherlands and Denmark.If ne visits any f them, it wuld seem that almst everyne there can talk in English.
Recently, a reprt said that at the beginning f 2001，English was the mst widely knwn freign language with 43% f Eurpeans saying they spke it.The reprt als said that with ver 89% f the ppulatin speaking English，Sweden nw has the highest percentage f English speakers.What’s mre, English is the language rated as mst useful t knw, and ver 77% f Eurpeans wh d nt speak English as their first language cnsider it useful.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。主要说明了英语是目前世界的通用语言。
5．Accrding t the passage, what has played an imprtant rle in spreading English arund the wrld?
A．That gvernments have asked their peple t learn it in schl.
B．That English is the mst beautiful language in the wrld.
C．That Eurpeans are willing t accept English as their language.
D．That peple have t use English in their wrk.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知C项正确。]
6．What des the underlined wrd “rated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Std.B．Agreed.
C．Cnsidered.D．Argued.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据语境以及文章最后一句中的cnsider it useful可知，rate在这里意为“认为，看作”。]
7．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Black parents dn’t want their children t learn English.
B．English is used in ver 90 cuntries as an fficial language.
C．Nt all internatinal research scientists speak English at wrk.
D．English has becme the mst imprtant language in Sweden.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段的English is the wrking language well as f mst internatinal research scientists.可知，并不是所有的国际研究科学家工作时都使用英语。]
8．By writing this passage, the writer mainly wants t tell us ________．
A．why s many peple speak English arund the wrld
B．that English has becme a language spken all ver the wrld
C．abut the develpment f English in Eurpe
D．smething abut the English－speaking cuntries
答案 B [写作意图题。根据第一段第一句English has surely becme the glbal language.以及下文的具体描述可知，作者主要想告诉我们，英语是目前世界的通用语言。]