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高中Unit 5 Languages around the world导学案及答案
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这是一份高中Unit 5 Languages around the world导学案及答案，共11页。
struggle t d sth. 为了做某事而努力/奋斗
struggle fr... 为争取……而斗争
struggle against/with... 与……作斗争
struggle t ne's feet 挣扎着站起来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is struggling t bring(bring) up a family n a very lw incme.
②As lng as yu have struggled fr yur dream，yu are successful.
③The man tk a lng，deep breath，struggling(struggle) t cntrl his wn emtins.
④他在事故中受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站了起来。
He was badly injured in the accident，but struggled t his feet．
the mre...“越……就越……”
(教材P64)It was exercise fr the brain；the mre I learnt f a language，the mre my brain wuld grw.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑就会越强大。
[句式分析] 该句为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
The mre he explained，the mre cnfused I became.他越解释我就越迷惑。
(1)在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，前一个“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”相当于主句。
(2)在表示将来意义的情况下，前者常用一般现在时，后者用一般将来时。
(3)如果句意明确，“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构常以省略形式出现。
(4)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The mre careful yu are，the fewer(few) mistakes yu will make.
②The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime，the greater(great) burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
③我越往树林里走，我越感到害怕，我的心提到了嗓子眼。
The further I walked int the frest，the mre frightened I felt and I had my heart in my muth.
④随着科技的发展，我们的生活正变得越来越好。
With the develpment f science and technlgy，ur life is becming better and better．
关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”
引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。关系副词的指代及功能如下：
1．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，mnth，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/n/during...＋which”结构。
I will never frget the day when/n which I first saw yu.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
I'll never frget the time when/at which I was trapped in a burning huse.
我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的时候。
2．关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，rm，huse，spt，schl，cuntry等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/n...＋which”。
The stadium where/in which the athletes wrk ut is nt far frm here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
After living in Paris fr fifty years he returned t the small twn where/in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
[温馨提示] 当先行词为situatin，case，stage，pint，activity，atmsphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词为reasn，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。相当于“fr＋which”结构。
D yu knw the reasn why/fr which she is under great stress?
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
[即时训练] 用适当的关系副词填空
①The reasn why we Chinese celebrate the Dragn Bat Festival is in hnur f Qu Yuan.
②I will attend a family get-tgether this Saturday when my brther Tim returns hme frm Shanghai.
③We have entered int an age when dreams have the best chance f cming true.
④I'd like t live in the huse where there is plenty f sunshine.
二、关系代词和关系副词的判断
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night？(when作时间状语)
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？
D yu remember the days that/which we spent tgether n the farm？(that或which作spent的宾语)
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？
I dn't knw the reasn why he didn't turn t his gd friend fr help yesterday.(why作原因状语)
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I wn't listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us.(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)
我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。
[即时训练] 用that，which，when，where，why填空
①I will never frget the days that/which we spent tgether.
②D yu remember the day when we first met?
③The reasn that/which he explained at the meeting was nt sund.
④The reasn why he was late was that he missed his bus.
⑤The schl where I studied fr nly tw years was three kilmetres away.
⑥This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whm 或whse。
1．介词的选用：可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I'll never frget the farm n which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
I still remember the day n which I graduated frm cllege.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据与定语从句中的动词或动词后的形容词的某种习惯搭配来确定。
We expect yu t becme smene f whm we'll feel very prud in the future.
我们期望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。
This is the bk abut which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——依据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The clrless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
He is a man fr whm I have the greatest respect.
他是我非常尊敬的人。
[温馨提示] 有些“动词＋介词”短语如lk fr，lk after，call n等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brchure which she is lking fr?
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whm the nurses are lking after are healthy.
护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
2．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词f＋关系代词”结构。
有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
He mentined a bk the title f which I can't remember nw.
他曾提到一本书，书名我现在不记得了。
I saw sme trees the leaves f which were black with disease.
我看到一些树因病害叶子变黑了。
[即时训练] 用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①They als had a small pnd in which they raised fish.
②Nne f us knw the reasn fr which Tm didn't cme.
③This is the man with whm I just shk hands.
④This is the pen with which he ften writes article.
用适当的关系词填空
There was a time 1．when I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.And this was the reasn 2．why my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training prgram in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club，3．where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately，my guide teacher 4．whse name was Li Yang，cmmunicated with me face t face，frm 5．whm I gained sme useful instructins.He als shwed me a gd partner，and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6．that/which we did.My father and the guide 7．wh/that encuraged me t fall in lve with English shuld be appreciated.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int 8．which I put my entire energy.Befre I g t sleep，I recall my passage，thrugh 9．which I can memrize a large number f new wrds.10．As ur English teacher says，“As lng as we frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，we will cnquer English sner r later.”
第二篇课文(Reading fr Writing)
①prblems with learning English学习英语时遇到的问题
②since primary schl从小学以来
③used t d sth.过去常常做某事
④have a lt f truble with... ……有很大的麻烦
⑤catch nly a few wrds只能听懂几个单词
⑥get/be used t 习惯于
⑦把……与……进行比较
⑧my biggest headache我最头疼的问题
⑨sund really terrible听起来真的太糟糕
⑩think abut考虑
⑪mind ding sth.介意做某事
⑫depend n 依靠；依赖
⑬equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的
be equal t (ding) sth.等于/能胜任(做)某事
⑭gap n．间隔；开口；差距
bridge the gap between us消除我们之间的分歧
⑮be clse t sb.和某人关系亲密
⑯demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
demand t d sth.要求做某事
⑰(be) senir t 比……辈分或职位高
⑱vcabulary n．词汇
⑲keep sth. straight in ne's head把某事牢记在脑子里
Learning English
Wang Le：Hey，everybdy，what are yur biggest prblems with learning English①？
Liu Wen：Hi! I've been studying English since primary schl②.I used t③ get high marks in English，but nw I'm having a lt f truble with④my listening.When I listen t native English speakers talking in a vide，I can catch nly a few wrds⑤.【1】 I can never quite get the main idea.Any advice?
【1】句中when引导时间状语从句。
Jia Xin：Listening t English radi prgrammes helps me get used t⑥hw fast native speakers talk.【2】 I als repeat what I hear t help myself t experience the feeling f the language.Smetimes I even recrd my vice s I can listen t myself and cmpare my prnunciatin with⑦the radi hst's! My biggest headache⑧ is hw t be plite in English.It's s much easier t just say “Open the windw！”，but in English that can sund really terrible⑨.I have t think abut⑩ wh I'm talking t and then decide whether t say，“Open the windw，please！” r “Culd yu pen the windw，please？” r even lnger “Wuld yu mind pening⑪the windw，please？”
【2】句中listening t English radi prgrammes为主句的主语，hw引导宾语从句。
Li Rui：Yeah，that's really hard! I think it all depends n⑫wh yu're talking t.If I'm talking t a clse friend，I can use shrt requests，like “Open the windw”—ur relatinship is clse and we're equals⑬，s I nly need a few wrds t bridge the gap⑭between us.But if I'm talking t smene wh isn't very clse t⑮me，I must make my request lnger—and I must make it a questin，nt a demand⑯，e.g.，“Culd yu pen the windw，please？”【3】 If I'm talking t smene senir t⑰me，then I shuld say，“Wuld yu mind pening the windw，please？” Fr me，vcabulary⑱is my biggest prblem—there are just SO MANY new wrds! I can't keep all the new vcabulary straight in my head⑲，and I certainly can't remember hw t use them all prperly.HELP!
【3】句中if引导条件状语从句，其中wh引导定语从句，修饰先行词smene。
学习英语
王乐：嗨，大家好，请问你们在学习英语时遇到的最大问题是什么？
刘文：你好！我从小学就一直在学习英语。以前我的英语成绩还挺好的，但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。我在视频中听母语是英语的人说话时，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？
佳欣：收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述听到的内容，以此来培养语感。有时候我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。说“打开窗户！”很容易，可是在英语里，这样说听起来感觉很糟糕。我得考虑到我在跟谁说话，然后再决定是说“请打开窗户！”还是“请你打开窗户，好吗？”或者说句更长的“请问，您介意打开窗户吗？”
李瑞：是啊，这真的很难！我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。如果我是跟一个亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户” ，这是因为我们关系密切，彼此平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求，例如，“麻烦你打开窗户，好吗？”如果我是跟一个辈分或职位比我高的人说话，那么我得说：“请问，您是否介意打开窗户呢？”对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！ 我无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。帮帮我吧！
关系副词
指代的先行词
功能
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词
地点状语
why
reasn
原因状语
struggle t d sth. 为了做某事而努力/奋斗
struggle fr... 为争取……而斗争
struggle against/with... 与……作斗争
struggle t ne's feet 挣扎着站起来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is struggling t bring(bring) up a family n a very lw incme.
②As lng as yu have struggled fr yur dream，yu are successful.
③The man tk a lng，deep breath，struggling(struggle) t cntrl his wn emtins.
④他在事故中受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站了起来。
He was badly injured in the accident，but struggled t his feet．
the mre...“越……就越……”
(教材P64)It was exercise fr the brain；the mre I learnt f a language，the mre my brain wuld grw.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑就会越强大。
[句式分析] 该句为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。
The mre he explained，the mre cnfused I became.他越解释我就越迷惑。
(1)在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，前一个“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”相当于主句。
(2)在表示将来意义的情况下，前者常用一般现在时，后者用一般将来时。
(3)如果句意明确，“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构常以省略形式出现。
(4)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The mre careful yu are，the fewer(few) mistakes yu will make.
②The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime，the greater(great) burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
③我越往树林里走，我越感到害怕，我的心提到了嗓子眼。
The further I walked int the frest，the mre frightened I felt and I had my heart in my muth.
④随着科技的发展，我们的生活正变得越来越好。
With the develpment f science and technlgy，ur life is becming better and better．
关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”
引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。关系副词的指代及功能如下：
1．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，mnth，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/n/during...＋which”结构。
I will never frget the day when/n which I first saw yu.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
I'll never frget the time when/at which I was trapped in a burning huse.
我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的时候。
2．关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，rm，huse，spt，schl，cuntry等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/n...＋which”。
The stadium where/in which the athletes wrk ut is nt far frm here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
After living in Paris fr fifty years he returned t the small twn where/in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
[温馨提示] 当先行词为situatin，case，stage，pint，activity，atmsphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词为reasn，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。相当于“fr＋which”结构。
D yu knw the reasn why/fr which she is under great stress?
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
[即时训练] 用适当的关系副词填空
①The reasn why we Chinese celebrate the Dragn Bat Festival is in hnur f Qu Yuan.
②I will attend a family get-tgether this Saturday when my brther Tim returns hme frm Shanghai.
③We have entered int an age when dreams have the best chance f cming true.
④I'd like t live in the huse where there is plenty f sunshine.
二、关系代词和关系副词的判断
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night？(when作时间状语)
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？
D yu remember the days that/which we spent tgether n the farm？(that或which作spent的宾语)
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？
I dn't knw the reasn why he didn't turn t his gd friend fr help yesterday.(why作原因状语)
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
I wn't listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us.(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)
我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。
[即时训练] 用that，which，when，where，why填空
①I will never frget the days that/which we spent tgether.
②D yu remember the day when we first met?
③The reasn that/which he explained at the meeting was nt sund.
④The reasn why he was late was that he missed his bus.
⑤The schl where I studied fr nly tw years was three kilmetres away.
⑥This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whm 或whse。
1．介词的选用：可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I'll never frget the farm n which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
I still remember the day n which I graduated frm cllege.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据与定语从句中的动词或动词后的形容词的某种习惯搭配来确定。
We expect yu t becme smene f whm we'll feel very prud in the future.
我们期望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。
This is the bk abut which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——依据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The clrless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
He is a man fr whm I have the greatest respect.
他是我非常尊敬的人。
[温馨提示] 有些“动词＋介词”短语如lk fr，lk after，call n等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brchure which she is lking fr?
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whm the nurses are lking after are healthy.
护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
2．“名词/数词/代词等＋介词f＋关系代词”结构。
有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
He mentined a bk the title f which I can't remember nw.
他曾提到一本书，书名我现在不记得了。
I saw sme trees the leaves f which were black with disease.
我看到一些树因病害叶子变黑了。
[即时训练] 用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①They als had a small pnd in which they raised fish.
②Nne f us knw the reasn fr which Tm didn't cme.
③This is the man with whm I just shk hands.
④This is the pen with which he ften writes article.
用适当的关系词填空
There was a time 1．when I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.And this was the reasn 2．why my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training prgram in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club，3．where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately，my guide teacher 4．whse name was Li Yang，cmmunicated with me face t face，frm 5．whm I gained sme useful instructins.He als shwed me a gd partner，and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6．that/which we did.My father and the guide 7．wh/that encuraged me t fall in lve with English shuld be appreciated.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int 8．which I put my entire energy.Befre I g t sleep，I recall my passage，thrugh 9．which I can memrize a large number f new wrds.10．As ur English teacher says，“As lng as we frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，we will cnquer English sner r later.”
第二篇课文(Reading fr Writing)
①prblems with learning English学习英语时遇到的问题
②since primary schl从小学以来
③used t d sth.过去常常做某事
④have a lt f truble with... ……有很大的麻烦
⑤catch nly a few wrds只能听懂几个单词
⑥get/be used t 习惯于
⑦把……与……进行比较
⑧my biggest headache我最头疼的问题
⑨sund really terrible听起来真的太糟糕
⑩think abut考虑
⑪mind ding sth.介意做某事
⑫depend n 依靠；依赖
⑬equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的
be equal t (ding) sth.等于/能胜任(做)某事
⑭gap n．间隔；开口；差距
bridge the gap between us消除我们之间的分歧
⑮be clse t sb.和某人关系亲密
⑯demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
demand t d sth.要求做某事
⑰(be) senir t 比……辈分或职位高
⑱vcabulary n．词汇
⑲keep sth. straight in ne's head把某事牢记在脑子里
Learning English
Wang Le：Hey，everybdy，what are yur biggest prblems with learning English①？
Liu Wen：Hi! I've been studying English since primary schl②.I used t③ get high marks in English，but nw I'm having a lt f truble with④my listening.When I listen t native English speakers talking in a vide，I can catch nly a few wrds⑤.【1】 I can never quite get the main idea.Any advice?
【1】句中when引导时间状语从句。
Jia Xin：Listening t English radi prgrammes helps me get used t⑥hw fast native speakers talk.【2】 I als repeat what I hear t help myself t experience the feeling f the language.Smetimes I even recrd my vice s I can listen t myself and cmpare my prnunciatin with⑦the radi hst's! My biggest headache⑧ is hw t be plite in English.It's s much easier t just say “Open the windw！”，but in English that can sund really terrible⑨.I have t think abut⑩ wh I'm talking t and then decide whether t say，“Open the windw，please！” r “Culd yu pen the windw，please？” r even lnger “Wuld yu mind pening⑪the windw，please？”
【2】句中listening t English radi prgrammes为主句的主语，hw引导宾语从句。
Li Rui：Yeah，that's really hard! I think it all depends n⑫wh yu're talking t.If I'm talking t a clse friend，I can use shrt requests，like “Open the windw”—ur relatinship is clse and we're equals⑬，s I nly need a few wrds t bridge the gap⑭between us.But if I'm talking t smene wh isn't very clse t⑮me，I must make my request lnger—and I must make it a questin，nt a demand⑯，e.g.，“Culd yu pen the windw，please？”【3】 If I'm talking t smene senir t⑰me，then I shuld say，“Wuld yu mind pening the windw，please？” Fr me，vcabulary⑱is my biggest prblem—there are just SO MANY new wrds! I can't keep all the new vcabulary straight in my head⑲，and I certainly can't remember hw t use them all prperly.HELP!
【3】句中if引导条件状语从句，其中wh引导定语从句，修饰先行词smene。
学习英语
王乐：嗨，大家好，请问你们在学习英语时遇到的最大问题是什么？
刘文：你好！我从小学就一直在学习英语。以前我的英语成绩还挺好的，但是现在我的听力有很大的麻烦。我在视频中听母语是英语的人说话时，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？
佳欣：收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述听到的内容，以此来培养语感。有时候我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的问题是如何用英语得体地表达。说“打开窗户！”很容易，可是在英语里，这样说听起来感觉很糟糕。我得考虑到我在跟谁说话，然后再决定是说“请打开窗户！”还是“请你打开窗户，好吗？”或者说句更长的“请问，您介意打开窗户吗？”
李瑞：是啊，这真的很难！我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。如果我是跟一个亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户” ，这是因为我们关系密切，彼此平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求，例如，“麻烦你打开窗户，好吗？”如果我是跟一个辈分或职位比我高的人说话，那么我得说：“请问，您是否介意打开窗户呢？”对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！ 我无法在脑子里记住所有的生词，当然也就记不住如何恰当地使用这些词汇。帮帮我吧！
关系副词
指代的先行词
功能
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词
地点状语
why
reasn
原因状语
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