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英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Meeting the muse第2课时课后作业题
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Meeting the muse第2课时课后作业题，共19页。试卷主要包含了语法填空，阅读理解，任务型阅读，完形填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择性必修第一册练习
Unit 4 Meeting the Muse
Using language
一、语法填空
1. (2018全国卷III) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel _________________(challenge).
2.(2017浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _____________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, but it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
3.(2014全国II) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ____________________ (disappoint).
4.(2014广东高考) We got a little______________________(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
5. While waiting for the opportunity to get ____________________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
6. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying___________________ (connect).
7. The purpose of education is ________________________(develop) a fine personality in children.
8. It is easy to get ______________________(discourage) when things are going bad.
9. Please remain ____________________(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
10. The children will get ______________________(confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time.
二、阅读理解
A
If you are crazy about paintings, you shouldn't miss the following four famous masterpieces which have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism—while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas(帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rémy -de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title "Guernica" refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofaí in Madrid.
（1）Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?
A.The Arnolfini Portrait
B.The Starry Night.
C.The Harvesters.
D.Guernica.
（2）What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?
A.It was painted on wood in oil.
B.It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.
C.It described the painter's life in hospital.
D.It was given away to the museum by a collector.
（3）Who created the painting describing the tragedy of war?
A.Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
B.Vincent van Gogh.
C.Jan van Eyck.
D.Pablo Picasso.
B
Girl with a Pearl Earring
Johannes Vermeer is a Dutch painter of the 17th century. Vermeer's paintings are realistic pictures of scenes from everyday life. Not many of Vermeer's paintings still exist. When one was put on sale in London in 2004, someone paid ￡16,000,000 for it, so you can see Vermeer is an artist who is valued very highly.
One of Vermeer's most beautiful and well-known paintings is the Girl with a Pearl Earring. It shows a pretty young woman with blue cloth around her head and a large, shining pearl earring. We do not know much about Vermeer's life, and the English writer Tracy Chevalier decided to think of a story to explain who the girl is in this painting. She gave the book the same name as the painting. Chevalier imagines that the girl in the painting works for the Vermeer family. Her name is Griet.
She comes from a poor family and does the cleaning and housework. Some of Vermeer's family are nice to her, but others are not. The Vermeer family needs him to sell paintings to live. Vermeer works all day in his studio. He does not like anyone else to go into it, but Griet can go in to clean it. A rich man who often buys Vermeer's paintings thinks Griet is beautiful and suggests Vermeer paint her. This makes trouble for the girl because Vermeer's wife is unhappy that Vermeer allows Griet in his studio and paints her, and not his wife. She wants to send Griet away but the wife's mother stops her, as she wants Vermeer to work and earn money.
Griet becomes interested in Vermeer's work and more friendly with the artist. He asks her to make special colours for him and she spends more time in the studio.
Vermeer is not happy with the painting. Something is wrong-he cannot finish it. Then he remembers his wife's lovely pearl earring. He asks his mother-in-law (岳母) for it and she gives it to him as she wants the painting finished and sold. When the wife is out, Griet wears the pearl earring and Vermeer paints it. When the painting is nearly finished, the wife sees it and is very angry that this girl she hates has had her earring. Griet loses her job and is sent away, but the butcher's son loves her and takes care of her. In the end, they marry and lead a happy life.
This is Chevalier's explanation of the famous painting and the expression on the girl's face. The book has been made into a film with the same name. Do you think the story matches the picture？
6.Vermeer's paintings are expensive because ______.
A.there are not many in the world
B.they are very large
C.they show everyday life
D.they are based on true stories
7.Griet is allowed into Vermeer's studio because ______.
A.she needs to clean
B.she needs to paint
C.Vermeer likes her
D.she works as a student painter
8.According to the passage, we know that Vermeer's mother-in-law ______.
A.wants the painting for herself
B.wants Vermeer to make money
C.likes Griet very much
D.hates her daughter
9.The ending of the story is ______.
A.happy
B.sad
C.uncertain
D.negative
C
Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881—1973 ) was one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. It was said that everything his brush touched turned to gold. But in truth, his works could be worth more than any precious metal. Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world's 10 most expensive paintings.
Between 1907 and 1913, Picasso and his colleague Georges Braque started a revolution(革命) in painting. Before that, paintings were like windows—they were painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were "close" to you and which objects were "far away". But Picasso and Braque didn't want to paint like that any more. To them, a painting wasn't a window to the world; it was marks and lines on a flat surface. Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism (立体主义).
But why did they feel such a need to change things? Well, the world around them was changing, too. Science was turning people's ideas upside down. Albert Einstein's theory proved that what we knew about time and space was wrong. The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.
The famous and terrifying painting Guernica (1937) shows a terrible scene during the Spanish Civil War. In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn't have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period. Breaking a guitar up into pieces was his preparation for showing the world being blown to pieces.
10.What is mainly discussed about Picasso in this article？
A. The high price of his paintings. B. His difficulties in career.
C. The popularity of his paintings. D. His achievements in art.
11.In what way did Picasso and Braque paint？
A. They painted objects with different depth.
B. They made their paintings look like windows.
C. They painted an object from different angles.
D. They broke objects up into pieces and painted them.
12.What caused Picasso and Braque to start cubism？
A. Einstein's theory. B. The changing world. C. A broken guitar. D. Spanish Civil War.
13.Why did the author mention the painting Guernica？
A. To show the theme of Picasso's paintings.
B. To express Picasso's anger at the war.
C. To describe the preparations Picasso made before.
D. To present the artistic effect of cubism.
D
Chinese painting, also known as the traditional national painting, one of the traditional paintings with a long history, has its unique and independent system. Using brushes, ink, and Chinese pigments (天然颜料), a painting is drawn on a special kind of paper (Xuan paper) or silk. The traditional subjects are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.
In comparison with Western painting, Chinese painting has its own artistic characteristics. After a careful study of the object, a painter can discover the rules of its structure, and then produce it by the mind's eye. It is not merely a simple copy, but it combines the object with the artistic concept of the producer, turning a natural image into an "artistic image". The object can show the artist's feelings and personality to achieve the effect of "being alike not only in spirit, but also in appearance". Not all the objects are to be drawn on the paper, and much space is left for the imagination. The use of lines is important in Chinese painting. Clear, swift, sharp and changeable lines are combined with the push, point and press of the brush and ink to show the quality of the object and variations of tone (色调). Ancient Chinese artists listed 18 different ways of drawing lines with the brush in figure painting. Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape, flowers and birds, clouds, and bamboos.
Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming (起源) from the same origin. They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy. Though they are different artistic forms, they are closely linked in terms of their expression of thoughts and feelings. They influence each other to create another artistic feature.
（1）Which of the following words can describe the common subjects of traditional Chinese painting?
A.Valuable. B.Independent. C.Special. D.Natural.
（2）The writer believes that a traditional Chinese painter's picture ________.
A.reflects social problems of his times
B.describes mainly a natural image
C.expresses his thoughts
D.tells a true story
（3）It can be inferred that a traditional Chinese painter spent much time ________.
A.traveling B.learning to draw lines C.reading
D.studying calligraphy before drawing
（4）What do painting and calligraphy have in common?
A.Using the similar techniques. B.Starting from the same period.
C.Belonging to the same artistic form. D.Covering the same themes.
三、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
Painting
The art of creating pictures using colors, shapes and lines is called painting. Museums and galleries show the paintings of professional (专业的) artists. But painting is also a popular form of entertainment and creative expression.
________ Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger paints to create paintings.
Painters can use their art to express devotion to a religion, to tell a story, to express feelings and ideas, or simply to present a pleasing picture. Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text (圣典). Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (画像), or pictures of people.________ All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way.
Some kinds of paintings do not focus on people. In landscape (风景) painting the focus is on scenes from nature. Artists also paint still objects such as fruits and vegetables.________ Some artists communicate their ideas through pictures that do not represent any object.
________ Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.
________ Samples of painted pottery (陶器) from at least 5,000 years ago have been found in China and Iran. The ancient Egyptians decorated their temples with beautiful paintings. People in ancient Greece painted decorative objects such as vases in addition to the walls of temples.
A. These works are called still-life paintings.
B. These works can communicate a special feeling.
C. Humans have been making paintings for thousands of years.
D. People of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials.
E. Cave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted.
F. The design of a painting is the plan of its lines, shapes and colors.
G. Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits.
四、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An old art lover collected many famous paintings. Under his influence, the son also 1 collections. One day news came that the son 2 his life to rescue another soldier in a battle. The old man felt very 3 and he couldn't cheer himself up even on New Year's Day. He was thinking of his dear son when someone knocked at the door. The old man 4 it and in came a young man who 5 himself, “I'm a friend of your son. He lost his life to 6 me, so I painted this portrait of your son 7 him.” The old man took hold of this painting with 8 . Then he carried the painting upstairs and gently 9 it on the wall. It took the place of a painting by Pablo Picasso, a very 10 Spanish artist.
Several years later, the old man passed away and all his 11 would be sold at an auction (拍卖会). The auctioneer (拍卖师) 12 at a portrait of a young man and announced, “Let's 13 with this painting. Who would like to pay $50 for it?”
Nobody thought it was a(n) 14 price. People were whispering, “That's too much for a painting by nobody!”
“$40?”
There was a(n) 15 for a moment. No one responded.
Then a voice came up, “I'm a 16 of the boy. We live in the same block. I saw him growing up, but I've got only $ 10. Can I have this portrait with all my money?”
The auctioneer asked 17 , “Ten dollars once? Ten dollars twice? Ten dollars three times? Deal!”
The audience were excited that the real auction would begin. 18 , the auctioneer concluded, ' 'The auction is over. According to the 19 will, all the other paintings will 20 the person who buys the portrait.”
1. A. loved
B. expected
C. sold
D. prepared
2. A. lived
B. changed
C. sacrificed
D. shaped
3. A. angry
B. worried
C. terrified
D. sad
4. A. answered
B. showed
C. locked
D. approached
5. A. taught
B. introduced
C. enjoyed
D. believed
6. A. visit
B. call
C. save
D. follow
7. A. in defence of
B. in need of
C. in favor of
D. in memory of
8. A. delight
B. patience
C. care
D. sympathy
9. A. hung
B. painted
C. dropped
D. cleaned
10. A. friendly
B. brave
C. old
D. famous
11. A. clothes
B. collections
C. letters
D. books
12. A. aimed
B. glared
C. pointed
D. laughed
13. A. compare
B. play
C. struggle
D. start
14. A. local
B. reasonable
C. total
D. average
15. A. silence
B. argument
C. emergency
D. sound
16. A. neighbor
B. classmate
C. companion
D. colleague
17. A. coldly
B. loudly
C. cautiously
D. jokingly
18. A. Obviously
B. Hopefully
C. Unexpectedly
D. Fortunately
19. A. son's
B. owner's
C. neighbor's
D. soldier's
20. A. refer to
B. depend on
C. focus on
D. belong to
五、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting? As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a ________ (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is devoted to ________ (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.
Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After the mine closed down, Li turned ________ housing decoration until he ________ (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had ________ interest in.
Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by ________ (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make ________ (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with ________ (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman ________(basic) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup (糖浆). When the sugar cools down, ________appears is a piece of sugar art.
参考答案
一、
【答案】1.challenged 2.swept 3.disappointed 4.sunburned/ sunburnt 5.promoted 6.connected 7.to develop 8.discouraged 9.seated 10.confused
【解析】
1句意：我迅速低下头，闪躲住我的头，避免直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会感觉有挑战性。challenged和逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，放在feel后面作表语。
2本题主要考查过去分词。本题用 sweep 的过去分词 swept 表示一种“被扫走的”状态，与 got 构成系表结构．故正确答案为 swept。
3句意：有很多人在公交站台等待，有一些看起来非常焦虑失望。disappointed感到失望的。
4考查非谓语动词。我们有点晒黑了。sunburn晒黑，是动词或名词。get被用来代替助动词be，get和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。即get + done结构，故用过去分词sunburned/ sunburnt。
5句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Henry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查固定搭配“get+过去分词”， get promoted“获得提拔”。
6句意：对于那些远离家人的人来说，个人电脑和电话在与家人保持联络方面起着很重要的作用。“个人电脑和手机”与“联系”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。stay是系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，此处过去分词作表语。
7句意：教育的目的是发展孩子良好的性格。动词不定式作表语。
8句意：事情很糟糕的时候，人容易感到泄气。“get+过去分词”， get discouraged“感到泄气”。
9句意：请留在座位上，直到飞机完全停止。seat是及物动词,后常接反身代词作宾语。表示“坐下”时，常用be seated。remain和be一样都是系动词，后接动词+ed形式，表示“在飞机完全停下来前要坐在自己的座位上”。
10句意：孩子如果一次被要求学过多的内容就会感到困惑。“get+过去分词”， get confused“感到困惑”。
二、
A
【答案】 （1）A
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四幅名画——从扬·凡·艾克的肖像画到巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作。它们都经受住了时间的考验。
（1）考查细节理解。根据The Amolfini Portrait部分中的“Jan van Eyck's Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434.”；The Starry Night部分中的“During his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890.“；The Harvesters部分中的“The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.“；Guernica部分中的“Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.”可知，The Amolfini Portrait是最早创作的画。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据The Starry Night部分中的“When the Museum of Modem Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.”1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不为人所知，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一。可知，The Starry Night在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据Guernica部分中的“Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.”格尔尼卡是一幅黑白相间的大型油画，由古巴画家巴勃罗·毕加索于1937年创作；以及“The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.”这幅画描绘了战争的恐怖，因此成为反战的象征，并提醒人们战争的悲剧。可推断，巴勃罗·毕加索创造的油画描述了战争的悲剧。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
B
【答案】 6.A
7.C
8.B
9.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Johannes Vermeer最著名的绘画之一——“戴珍珠耳环的少女”以及这幅画背后的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Not many of Vermeer's paintings still exist. When one was put on sale in London in 2004, someone paid ￡16,000,000 for it, so you can see Vermeer is an artist who is valued very highly.”维米尔的画现存的并不是很多。当一副画在伦敦在2004年出售，有人为此付出了￡16000000，所以你可以看到维米尔是一个艺术家，非常有价值。可知，维米尔的画很贵，因为世界上没有那么多。故选A。
7.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Some of Vermeer's family are nice to her, but others are not. The Vermeer family needs him to sell paintings to live. Vermeer works all day in his studio. He does not like anyone else to go into it, but Griet can go in to clean it.”Vermeer家里有些人对她很好，但有些人却不是。Vermeer一家需要他靠卖画为生。Vermeer整天在他的画室里工作。他不喜欢别人进去，但Griet可以进去打扫。可知，Griet被允许进入Vermeer的画室，因为Vermeer喜欢她。故选C。
8.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She wants to send Griet away but the wife's mother stops her, as she wants Vermeer to work and earn money.”她想把Griet送走，但妻子的母亲阻止了她，因为她想让Vermeer工作和赚钱。可知，根据这篇文章，我们知道Vermeer的岳母想要Vermeer赚钱。故选B。
9.考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Griet loses her job and is sent away, but the butcher's son loves her and takes care of her. In the end, they marry and lead a happy life.”Griet丢了工作，被送走了，但屠夫的儿子爱她，照顾她。最后，他们结婚了，过着幸福的生活。可知，这个故事的结局是幸福的。故选A。
C
【答案】 10.D
11.C
12.B
13.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了毕加索的艺术成就以及绘画风格。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10.考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world’s 10 most expensive paintings.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了毕加索的艺术成就，故选D。
11.考查细节理解。答案第二段中的“Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles.”可知毕加索和布拉克从不同的角度画一个物体，故选C。
12.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.”可知改变的世界，促使毕加索和布拉克开始立体派画风，故选B。
13.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn’t have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period.”在这幅画中，你可以看到天空落下。没有他在立体派时期学到的技巧，毕加索是不可能画出这幅画的。可推断出《格尔尼卡》这幅画是为了表现立体派的艺术效果，故选D。
D
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国画，又称传统国画，是历史悠久的传统绘画之一，有其独特而独立的体系。中国画传统的题材是人物、风景、花鸟。与西方绘画相比，中国画有其自身的艺术特色。中国传统书画艺术虽然有着不同的分支，但它们都使用同样的工具，绘画中使用的所有线条都是书法的点和线的变化。它们虽然是不同的艺术形式，但在思想感情的表达上却有着密切的联系。它们相互影响，创造出另一种艺术特色。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The traditional subjects are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.”可知,画的内容通常是人物、风贤、花鸟,故自然物较多,故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，国画更惻重创造出“艺术形象”,表达作者的悄感和个性,不仅“形似",而且“神似”,故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，闽画不管是画人物还是画风景、花鸟,都虫要通过线条的各种变化来表现,所以线条的运用多,技巧多,学习画好线条自然是要下大力气的。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming (起源) from the same origin. They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy. ”可知,中国国画与书法艺术都注重线条的运用和变化,绘画中线条的运用只不过是书法中线条运用的变通,故在这一技法上是相通的, 故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、
【答案】 D；G；A；C；E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了绘画被各个阶层的人所喜爱以及绘画的发展历史。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger paints to create paintings.”这里讲了不同绘画水平的人使用不同的绘画工具画画，故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上空前“Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text (圣典). Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (画像), or pictures of people.”介绍了各种风格的绘画；以及空后“All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way.”抓住关键词All of these types of paintings，可知这里应该填一种绘画风格，G. Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits.“有时候艺术家画自己的肖像，这被称为自画像。”符合语境，选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Artists also paint still objects such as fruits and vegetables.”捕捉到关键词still objects静止的事物，与A选项中的still-life相呼应，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.”提到绘画追溯到15,000年以前，所以上文会说人类绘画已经有几千年的历史，选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.”中捕捉到关键词caves，并且这句话的意思是绘画追溯到15,000年以前岩洞墙上的绘画，所以接下来会谈论洞穴绘画的绘画内容，故选E。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
四、
【答案】 （1）A；（2）C；（3）D；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）D；（8）C；（9）A；（10）D；（11）B；（12）C；（13）D；（14）B；（15）A；（16）A；（17）B；（18）C；（19）B；（20）D；
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位喜欢收藏名画的老人，其儿子为了救人，牺牲了自己。被救的战士为了怀念他，画了老人儿子的肖像画。在老人去世后，他所有的藏品，连同这幅肖像画都进行拍卖。拍卖会上，老人的邻居买下了肖像画。而根据他的遗嘱，买这幅肖像画的人就可以得到他所有的藏品。
（1）考查动词。句意：在他的影响下，他的儿子也喜欢收藏。A. loved “喜爱”； B. expected“ 期待”；C. sold “出售”；D. prepared“准备”。根据上文“An old art lover collected many famous paintings. ”一位老艺术爱好者收藏了许多名画。可知，他的儿子和他一样，也喜欢收藏。故选A。
（2）考查动词。句意：有一天，传来消息，儿子牺牲自己的生命，在一场战斗中营救另一名士兵。A. lived“活着”； B. changed“改变”；C. sacrificed “牺牲”； D. shaped“形成”。根据下文“I'm a friend of your son. He lost his life to 6 me,”，他失去了生命，可知，此处表示的是儿子在一场战斗中，营救另一名士兵，牺牲了自己。故选C。
（3）考查形容词。句意：老人感到非常悲伤，他不能振作起来，即使在新年。 A. angry “生气”；B. worried“担心”；C. terrified“ 害怕”； D. sad“悲伤”。根据上文，儿子牺牲，作为父亲，一定是难过的。故选D。
（4）考查动词。句意：老人打开门，进来一个年轻人自我介绍说，我是你儿子的朋友。A. answered“答复，回答”； B. showed “展示”；C. locked “上锁”； D. approached“接近”。根据上文“He was thinking of his dear son when someone knocked at the door. ”有人敲门的时候，他正在想他亲爱的儿子。answer the door固定短语，“应门声开门”，故选A。
（5）考查动词。A. taught “教”；B. introduced “介绍”；C. enjoyed “享受”； D. believed“相信”。根据下文“I'm a friend of your son.”，可知，陌生人进门后是介绍他自己。故选B。
（6）考查动词。句意：为了救我，他失去了生命。A. visit“拜访”；B. call “打电话”；C. save“ 救，挽救”； D. follow“跟随”。根据上文“One day news came that the son 2 his life to rescue another soldier in a battle.”可知，此处表示的是他救人，失去生命，故选C。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：所以我画了这幅你儿子的肖像，以此纪念他。A. in defence of “保卫，为……辩护”； B. in need of “需要”；C. in favor of “赞同，支持”；D. in memory of“为了纪念……”。此处表达的意思是为了对他表示纪念，怀念。故选D。
（8）考查名词。句意：老人小心翼翼地拿着这幅画。 A. delight“高兴”；B. patience“ 耐心”；C. care“ 谨慎，小心”；D. sympathy“同情”。根据下文“Then he carried the painting upstairs and gently 9 it on the wall.”老人带着画上楼，并小心翼翼的挂到墙上，可知，此处表达的是老人小心地拿着那幅画。with care固定短语，“小心翼翼地”，故选C。
（9）考查动词。句意：老人带着画上楼，并小心翼翼的挂到墙上。A. hung“ 悬挂”；B. painted “油漆”；C. dropped“ 落下”；D. cleaned“清扫”。根据语境，此处表达的是把画挂在了墙上。故选A。
（10）考查形容词。句意：它取代了西班牙著名艺术家，巴勃罗 · 毕加索的画作。A. friendly“ 友好的”；B. brave “勇敢的”；C. old “年老的”；D. famous“著名的”。毕加索是一位著名的画家。故选D。
（11）考查名词。句意：几年后，这位老人去世了，他所有的收藏品都将在拍卖会上出售。 A. clothes “衣服”；B. collections “收藏品”； C. letters “信件”；D. books“书籍”。根据上文可知，这位老人喜欢收藏，因此，在他去世后，应该是他所有的收藏品被拍卖。故选B。
（12）考查动词。句意：拍卖人指着一幅年轻人的肖像宣布…A. aimed“瞄准”； B. glared “怒视”； C. pointed “指着”；D. laughed“笑”。根据语境，此处拍卖师拍卖收藏品，应该是指着肖像。故选C。
（13）考查动词。句意：让我们从这幅画开始，谁愿意花50美元买下它? A. compare“比较”； B. play “玩”；C. struggle“挣扎”； D. start“开始”。根据上文可知，此时应该是指的拍卖会开始了。故选D。
（14）考查形容词。句意：没有人认为这是一个合理的价格。 A. local“当地的”； B. reasonable “合理的”；C. total “总的”； D. average“平均的”。根据下文“People were whispering, ‘That's too much for a painting by nobody!’”人们在窃窃私语：“这对于一幅无名的画来说太过分了!” 可知，价格对于想买的人们而言，觉得不合理。故选B。
（15）考查名词。句意：拍卖会上沉默了一会儿。 A. silence“沉默”； B. argument “争论”；C. emergency “紧急情况”； D. sound“声音”。根据“No one responded.”没有人回应。可知，此处指的人们都不说话。故选A。
（16）考查名词。句意：然后，一个声音出现了“我是那个男孩的邻居。……”A. neighbor “邻居”；B. classmate “同班同学”； C. companion“伙伴”；D. colleague“同事”。根据下文“We live in the same block.” 我们住在同一个街区。可知，说话的人是他的邻居。故选A。
（17）考查副词。句意：拍卖人大声问道: “10美元一次? 10美元两次? 10美元三次? 成交! ” A. coldly “冷漠的”；B. loudly“大声地”； C. cautiously“谨慎地”； D. jokingly“开玩笑地”。根据语境，拍卖师公布价格，应该是大声地说。故选B。
（18）考查副词。句意：出乎意料的是，拍卖人总结说，拍卖结束了。 A. Obviously “显而易见地”； B. Hopefully “有希望地”；C. Unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；D. Fortunately“幸运地”。根据上文“Let's 13 with this painting. ”拍卖师说以这幅画开始拍卖，所以在得知这幅画被卖出后，观众们都期待接下来能买到一些好的收藏品。根据本句后半句说拍卖结束了，这是所有人未曾想到的。故选C。
（19）考查名词。句意：根据主人的遗嘱，所有其他的画都属于买这幅（肖像）画的人。A. son's“儿子的”；B. owner's “主人的”；C. neighbor's “邻居的”；D. soldier's“战士的”。根据上文，在这个老人去世后，他的所有的收藏品用于拍卖。所以此处指的是根据老人的医嘱。故选B。
（20）考查动词短语。句意：根据主人的遗嘱，所有其他的画都属于买这幅（肖像）画的人。A. refer to “指的是，涉及”；B. depend on “依赖”；C. focus on“集中注意力”；D. belong to“属于”。根据上文可知，其他所有的藏品就属于买了肖像画的人。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
五、
【答案】 distant；keeping；to；was forced；an；himself；varieties；melted；basically；what
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍传统的中国民间工艺——糖画以及它的传人李健忠。
（1）考查形容词。句意：由于选择做糖画的人越来越少，中国传统民间工艺在某些方面可能已经成为一种距离记忆。后文memory为名词，形容词修饰名词，故填distant。
（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：然而， 一位38岁的工匠，李江忠，致力于保持糖画艺术的活力。be committed to固定短语，“致力于”to是介词，后跟动名词作宾语，故填keeping。
（3）考查介词。句意： 矿井关闭后，李转向房屋装修。turn to固定短语，“转向；致力于”后跟介词to，故填to。
（4）考查时态语态。句意：由于伤了一个手指，他被迫放弃房子装修。根据上文turned可知此处用一般过去时，且谓语force与主语he之间构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was forced。
（5）考查冠词。句意：今年早些时候，他发现了糖画，一些他真正感兴趣的东西。have an interest in固定短语，“对......感兴趣”，故填an。
（6）考查代词。句意：他通过大量的网上视频和信息自学。by oneself固定短语，“独自地；单独”可知此处用反身代词，故填himself。
（7）考查名词。句意：他很快掌握了这项技能并能制作多种多样的糖画。variety为可数名词，此处表示“多种多样”故用复数形式，填varieties。
（8）考查形容词。句意：一个糖画用融化的棕色或白色糖做成。sugar为名词，需要形容词修饰，表示“融化的糖”，故填melted。
（9）考查副词。句意：工匠根据动物和植物在石板上用糖浆作画。paint为动词，需要副词修饰，故填basically。
（10）考查主语从句。句意：当糖冷却时，所呈现的就是一幅糖的艺术了。此处是what引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故使用关系代词what，因此答案为what。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，非谓语动词，介词，时态语态，冠词，代词，名词，副词以及主语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
选择性必修第一册练习
Unit 4 Meeting the Muse
Using language
一、语法填空
1. (2018全国卷III) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel _________________(challenge).
2.(2017浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _____________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, but it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
3.(2014全国II) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ____________________ (disappoint).
4.(2014广东高考) We got a little______________________(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
5. While waiting for the opportunity to get ____________________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
6. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying___________________ (connect).
7. The purpose of education is ________________________(develop) a fine personality in children.
8. It is easy to get ______________________(discourage) when things are going bad.
9. Please remain ____________________(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
10. The children will get ______________________(confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time.
二、阅读理解
A
If you are crazy about paintings, you shouldn't miss the following four famous masterpieces which have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism—while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas(帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rémy -de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title "Guernica" refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofaí in Madrid.
（1）Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?
A.The Arnolfini Portrait
B.The Starry Night.
C.The Harvesters.
D.Guernica.
（2）What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?
A.It was painted on wood in oil.
B.It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.
C.It described the painter's life in hospital.
D.It was given away to the museum by a collector.
（3）Who created the painting describing the tragedy of war?
A.Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
B.Vincent van Gogh.
C.Jan van Eyck.
D.Pablo Picasso.
B
Girl with a Pearl Earring
Johannes Vermeer is a Dutch painter of the 17th century. Vermeer's paintings are realistic pictures of scenes from everyday life. Not many of Vermeer's paintings still exist. When one was put on sale in London in 2004, someone paid ￡16,000,000 for it, so you can see Vermeer is an artist who is valued very highly.
One of Vermeer's most beautiful and well-known paintings is the Girl with a Pearl Earring. It shows a pretty young woman with blue cloth around her head and a large, shining pearl earring. We do not know much about Vermeer's life, and the English writer Tracy Chevalier decided to think of a story to explain who the girl is in this painting. She gave the book the same name as the painting. Chevalier imagines that the girl in the painting works for the Vermeer family. Her name is Griet.
She comes from a poor family and does the cleaning and housework. Some of Vermeer's family are nice to her, but others are not. The Vermeer family needs him to sell paintings to live. Vermeer works all day in his studio. He does not like anyone else to go into it, but Griet can go in to clean it. A rich man who often buys Vermeer's paintings thinks Griet is beautiful and suggests Vermeer paint her. This makes trouble for the girl because Vermeer's wife is unhappy that Vermeer allows Griet in his studio and paints her, and not his wife. She wants to send Griet away but the wife's mother stops her, as she wants Vermeer to work and earn money.
Griet becomes interested in Vermeer's work and more friendly with the artist. He asks her to make special colours for him and she spends more time in the studio.
Vermeer is not happy with the painting. Something is wrong-he cannot finish it. Then he remembers his wife's lovely pearl earring. He asks his mother-in-law (岳母) for it and she gives it to him as she wants the painting finished and sold. When the wife is out, Griet wears the pearl earring and Vermeer paints it. When the painting is nearly finished, the wife sees it and is very angry that this girl she hates has had her earring. Griet loses her job and is sent away, but the butcher's son loves her and takes care of her. In the end, they marry and lead a happy life.
This is Chevalier's explanation of the famous painting and the expression on the girl's face. The book has been made into a film with the same name. Do you think the story matches the picture？
6.Vermeer's paintings are expensive because ______.
A.there are not many in the world
B.they are very large
C.they show everyday life
D.they are based on true stories
7.Griet is allowed into Vermeer's studio because ______.
A.she needs to clean
B.she needs to paint
C.Vermeer likes her
D.she works as a student painter
8.According to the passage, we know that Vermeer's mother-in-law ______.
A.wants the painting for herself
B.wants Vermeer to make money
C.likes Griet very much
D.hates her daughter
9.The ending of the story is ______.
A.happy
B.sad
C.uncertain
D.negative
C
Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881—1973 ) was one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. It was said that everything his brush touched turned to gold. But in truth, his works could be worth more than any precious metal. Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world's 10 most expensive paintings.
Between 1907 and 1913, Picasso and his colleague Georges Braque started a revolution(革命) in painting. Before that, paintings were like windows—they were painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were "close" to you and which objects were "far away". But Picasso and Braque didn't want to paint like that any more. To them, a painting wasn't a window to the world; it was marks and lines on a flat surface. Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism (立体主义).
But why did they feel such a need to change things? Well, the world around them was changing, too. Science was turning people's ideas upside down. Albert Einstein's theory proved that what we knew about time and space was wrong. The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.
The famous and terrifying painting Guernica (1937) shows a terrible scene during the Spanish Civil War. In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn't have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period. Breaking a guitar up into pieces was his preparation for showing the world being blown to pieces.
10.What is mainly discussed about Picasso in this article？
A. The high price of his paintings. B. His difficulties in career.
C. The popularity of his paintings. D. His achievements in art.
11.In what way did Picasso and Braque paint？
A. They painted objects with different depth.
B. They made their paintings look like windows.
C. They painted an object from different angles.
D. They broke objects up into pieces and painted them.
12.What caused Picasso and Braque to start cubism？
A. Einstein's theory. B. The changing world. C. A broken guitar. D. Spanish Civil War.
13.Why did the author mention the painting Guernica？
A. To show the theme of Picasso's paintings.
B. To express Picasso's anger at the war.
C. To describe the preparations Picasso made before.
D. To present the artistic effect of cubism.
D
Chinese painting, also known as the traditional national painting, one of the traditional paintings with a long history, has its unique and independent system. Using brushes, ink, and Chinese pigments (天然颜料), a painting is drawn on a special kind of paper (Xuan paper) or silk. The traditional subjects are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.
In comparison with Western painting, Chinese painting has its own artistic characteristics. After a careful study of the object, a painter can discover the rules of its structure, and then produce it by the mind's eye. It is not merely a simple copy, but it combines the object with the artistic concept of the producer, turning a natural image into an "artistic image". The object can show the artist's feelings and personality to achieve the effect of "being alike not only in spirit, but also in appearance". Not all the objects are to be drawn on the paper, and much space is left for the imagination. The use of lines is important in Chinese painting. Clear, swift, sharp and changeable lines are combined with the push, point and press of the brush and ink to show the quality of the object and variations of tone (色调). Ancient Chinese artists listed 18 different ways of drawing lines with the brush in figure painting. Different ways of creating lines are used when painting a landscape, flowers and birds, clouds, and bamboos.
Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming (起源) from the same origin. They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy. Though they are different artistic forms, they are closely linked in terms of their expression of thoughts and feelings. They influence each other to create another artistic feature.
（1）Which of the following words can describe the common subjects of traditional Chinese painting?
A.Valuable. B.Independent. C.Special. D.Natural.
（2）The writer believes that a traditional Chinese painter's picture ________.
A.reflects social problems of his times
B.describes mainly a natural image
C.expresses his thoughts
D.tells a true story
（3）It can be inferred that a traditional Chinese painter spent much time ________.
A.traveling B.learning to draw lines C.reading
D.studying calligraphy before drawing
（4）What do painting and calligraphy have in common?
A.Using the similar techniques. B.Starting from the same period.
C.Belonging to the same artistic form. D.Covering the same themes.
三、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
Painting
The art of creating pictures using colors, shapes and lines is called painting. Museums and galleries show the paintings of professional (专业的) artists. But painting is also a popular form of entertainment and creative expression.
________ Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger paints to create paintings.
Painters can use their art to express devotion to a religion, to tell a story, to express feelings and ideas, or simply to present a pleasing picture. Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text (圣典). Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (画像), or pictures of people.________ All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way.
Some kinds of paintings do not focus on people. In landscape (风景) painting the focus is on scenes from nature. Artists also paint still objects such as fruits and vegetables.________ Some artists communicate their ideas through pictures that do not represent any object.
________ Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.
________ Samples of painted pottery (陶器) from at least 5,000 years ago have been found in China and Iran. The ancient Egyptians decorated their temples with beautiful paintings. People in ancient Greece painted decorative objects such as vases in addition to the walls of temples.
A. These works are called still-life paintings.
B. These works can communicate a special feeling.
C. Humans have been making paintings for thousands of years.
D. People of all ages create pictures using a variety of materials.
E. Cave paintings generally show animals that early humans hunted.
F. The design of a painting is the plan of its lines, shapes and colors.
G. Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits.
四、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An old art lover collected many famous paintings. Under his influence, the son also 1 collections. One day news came that the son 2 his life to rescue another soldier in a battle. The old man felt very 3 and he couldn't cheer himself up even on New Year's Day. He was thinking of his dear son when someone knocked at the door. The old man 4 it and in came a young man who 5 himself, “I'm a friend of your son. He lost his life to 6 me, so I painted this portrait of your son 7 him.” The old man took hold of this painting with 8 . Then he carried the painting upstairs and gently 9 it on the wall. It took the place of a painting by Pablo Picasso, a very 10 Spanish artist.
Several years later, the old man passed away and all his 11 would be sold at an auction (拍卖会). The auctioneer (拍卖师) 12 at a portrait of a young man and announced, “Let's 13 with this painting. Who would like to pay $50 for it?”
Nobody thought it was a(n) 14 price. People were whispering, “That's too much for a painting by nobody!”
“$40?”
There was a(n) 15 for a moment. No one responded.
Then a voice came up, “I'm a 16 of the boy. We live in the same block. I saw him growing up, but I've got only $ 10. Can I have this portrait with all my money?”
The auctioneer asked 17 , “Ten dollars once? Ten dollars twice? Ten dollars three times? Deal!”
The audience were excited that the real auction would begin. 18 , the auctioneer concluded, ' 'The auction is over. According to the 19 will, all the other paintings will 20 the person who buys the portrait.”
1. A. loved
B. expected
C. sold
D. prepared
2. A. lived
B. changed
C. sacrificed
D. shaped
3. A. angry
B. worried
C. terrified
D. sad
4. A. answered
B. showed
C. locked
D. approached
5. A. taught
B. introduced
C. enjoyed
D. believed
6. A. visit
B. call
C. save
D. follow
7. A. in defence of
B. in need of
C. in favor of
D. in memory of
8. A. delight
B. patience
C. care
D. sympathy
9. A. hung
B. painted
C. dropped
D. cleaned
10. A. friendly
B. brave
C. old
D. famous
11. A. clothes
B. collections
C. letters
D. books
12. A. aimed
B. glared
C. pointed
D. laughed
13. A. compare
B. play
C. struggle
D. start
14. A. local
B. reasonable
C. total
D. average
15. A. silence
B. argument
C. emergency
D. sound
16. A. neighbor
B. classmate
C. companion
D. colleague
17. A. coldly
B. loudly
C. cautiously
D. jokingly
18. A. Obviously
B. Hopefully
C. Unexpectedly
D. Fortunately
19. A. son's
B. owner's
C. neighbor's
D. soldier's
20. A. refer to
B. depend on
C. focus on
D. belong to
五、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting? As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a ________ (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is devoted to ________ (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.
Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After the mine closed down, Li turned ________ housing decoration until he ________ (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had ________ interest in.
Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by ________ (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make ________ (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with ________ (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman ________(basic) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup (糖浆). When the sugar cools down, ________appears is a piece of sugar art.
参考答案
一、
【答案】1.challenged 2.swept 3.disappointed 4.sunburned/ sunburnt 5.promoted 6.connected 7.to develop 8.discouraged 9.seated 10.confused
【解析】
1句意：我迅速低下头，闪躲住我的头，避免直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会感觉有挑战性。challenged和逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，放在feel后面作表语。
2本题主要考查过去分词。本题用 sweep 的过去分词 swept 表示一种“被扫走的”状态，与 got 构成系表结构．故正确答案为 swept。
3句意：有很多人在公交站台等待，有一些看起来非常焦虑失望。disappointed感到失望的。
4考查非谓语动词。我们有点晒黑了。sunburn晒黑，是动词或名词。get被用来代替助动词be，get和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。即get + done结构，故用过去分词sunburned/ sunburnt。
5句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Henry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查固定搭配“get+过去分词”， get promoted“获得提拔”。
6句意：对于那些远离家人的人来说，个人电脑和电话在与家人保持联络方面起着很重要的作用。“个人电脑和手机”与“联系”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。stay是系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，此处过去分词作表语。
7句意：教育的目的是发展孩子良好的性格。动词不定式作表语。
8句意：事情很糟糕的时候，人容易感到泄气。“get+过去分词”， get discouraged“感到泄气”。
9句意：请留在座位上，直到飞机完全停止。seat是及物动词,后常接反身代词作宾语。表示“坐下”时，常用be seated。remain和be一样都是系动词，后接动词+ed形式，表示“在飞机完全停下来前要坐在自己的座位上”。
10句意：孩子如果一次被要求学过多的内容就会感到困惑。“get+过去分词”， get confused“感到困惑”。
二、
A
【答案】 （1）A
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四幅名画——从扬·凡·艾克的肖像画到巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作。它们都经受住了时间的考验。
（1）考查细节理解。根据The Amolfini Portrait部分中的“Jan van Eyck's Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434.”；The Starry Night部分中的“During his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890.“；The Harvesters部分中的“The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.“；Guernica部分中的“Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.”可知，The Amolfini Portrait是最早创作的画。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据The Starry Night部分中的“When the Museum of Modem Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.”1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不为人所知，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一。可知，The Starry Night在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据Guernica部分中的“Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.”格尔尼卡是一幅黑白相间的大型油画，由古巴画家巴勃罗·毕加索于1937年创作；以及“The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.”这幅画描绘了战争的恐怖，因此成为反战的象征，并提醒人们战争的悲剧。可推断，巴勃罗·毕加索创造的油画描述了战争的悲剧。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
B
【答案】 6.A
7.C
8.B
9.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Johannes Vermeer最著名的绘画之一——“戴珍珠耳环的少女”以及这幅画背后的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Not many of Vermeer's paintings still exist. When one was put on sale in London in 2004, someone paid ￡16,000,000 for it, so you can see Vermeer is an artist who is valued very highly.”维米尔的画现存的并不是很多。当一副画在伦敦在2004年出售，有人为此付出了￡16000000，所以你可以看到维米尔是一个艺术家，非常有价值。可知，维米尔的画很贵，因为世界上没有那么多。故选A。
7.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Some of Vermeer's family are nice to her, but others are not. The Vermeer family needs him to sell paintings to live. Vermeer works all day in his studio. He does not like anyone else to go into it, but Griet can go in to clean it.”Vermeer家里有些人对她很好，但有些人却不是。Vermeer一家需要他靠卖画为生。Vermeer整天在他的画室里工作。他不喜欢别人进去，但Griet可以进去打扫。可知，Griet被允许进入Vermeer的画室，因为Vermeer喜欢她。故选C。
8.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She wants to send Griet away but the wife's mother stops her, as she wants Vermeer to work and earn money.”她想把Griet送走，但妻子的母亲阻止了她，因为她想让Vermeer工作和赚钱。可知，根据这篇文章，我们知道Vermeer的岳母想要Vermeer赚钱。故选B。
9.考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Griet loses her job and is sent away, but the butcher's son loves her and takes care of her. In the end, they marry and lead a happy life.”Griet丢了工作，被送走了，但屠夫的儿子爱她，照顾她。最后，他们结婚了，过着幸福的生活。可知，这个故事的结局是幸福的。故选A。
C
【答案】 10.D
11.C
12.B
13.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了毕加索的艺术成就以及绘画风格。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10.考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Picasso created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world’s 10 most expensive paintings.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了毕加索的艺术成就，故选D。
11.考查细节理解。答案第二段中的“Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles.”可知毕加索和布拉克从不同的角度画一个物体，故选C。
12.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The world was becoming different; artists needed to start seeing and painting it differently.”可知改变的世界，促使毕加索和布拉克开始立体派画风，故选B。
13.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the painting, you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn’t have painted it without the skills he learned during his cubist period.”在这幅画中，你可以看到天空落下。没有他在立体派时期学到的技巧，毕加索是不可能画出这幅画的。可推断出《格尔尼卡》这幅画是为了表现立体派的艺术效果，故选D。
D
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国画，又称传统国画，是历史悠久的传统绘画之一，有其独特而独立的体系。中国画传统的题材是人物、风景、花鸟。与西方绘画相比，中国画有其自身的艺术特色。中国传统书画艺术虽然有着不同的分支，但它们都使用同样的工具，绘画中使用的所有线条都是书法的点和线的变化。它们虽然是不同的艺术形式，但在思想感情的表达上却有着密切的联系。它们相互影响，创造出另一种艺术特色。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The traditional subjects are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.”可知,画的内容通常是人物、风贤、花鸟,故自然物较多,故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，国画更惻重创造出“艺术形象”,表达作者的悄感和个性,不仅“形似",而且“神似”,故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，闽画不管是画人物还是画风景、花鸟,都虫要通过线条的各种变化来表现,所以线条的运用多,技巧多,学习画好线条自然是要下大力气的。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy are different branches of art stemming (起源) from the same origin. They use the same kind of tools and all the lines used in painting are variations of the points and lines of calligraphy. ”可知,中国国画与书法艺术都注重线条的运用和变化,绘画中线条的运用只不过是书法中线条运用的变通,故在这一技法上是相通的, 故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、
【答案】 D；G；A；C；E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了绘画被各个阶层的人所喜爱以及绘画的发展历史。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Experienced painters usually use a brush to apply oil paints to a canvas cloth surface. Young painters usually use watercolors on pieces of paper. Very young children may use finger paints to create paintings.”这里讲了不同绘画水平的人使用不同的绘画工具画画，故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上空前“Religious paintings often show a god or a scene from a sacred text (圣典). Other common subjects have been famous legends and events in history, as well as scenes from daily life. Artists also paint portraits (画像), or pictures of people.”介绍了各种风格的绘画；以及空后“All of these types of paintings show the human figure in some way.”抓住关键词All of these types of paintings，可知这里应该填一种绘画风格，G. Sometimes artists make portraits of themselves, which are called self-portraits.“有时候艺术家画自己的肖像，这被称为自画像。”符合语境，选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Artists also paint still objects such as fruits and vegetables.”捕捉到关键词still objects静止的事物，与A选项中的still-life相呼应，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.”提到绘画追溯到15,000年以前，所以上文会说人类绘画已经有几千年的历史，选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Paintings dating back 15,000 years have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain.”中捕捉到关键词caves，并且这句话的意思是绘画追溯到15,000年以前岩洞墙上的绘画，所以接下来会谈论洞穴绘画的绘画内容，故选E。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
四、
【答案】 （1）A；（2）C；（3）D；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）D；（8）C；（9）A；（10）D；（11）B；（12）C；（13）D；（14）B；（15）A；（16）A；（17）B；（18）C；（19）B；（20）D；
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位喜欢收藏名画的老人，其儿子为了救人，牺牲了自己。被救的战士为了怀念他，画了老人儿子的肖像画。在老人去世后，他所有的藏品，连同这幅肖像画都进行拍卖。拍卖会上，老人的邻居买下了肖像画。而根据他的遗嘱，买这幅肖像画的人就可以得到他所有的藏品。
（1）考查动词。句意：在他的影响下，他的儿子也喜欢收藏。A. loved “喜爱”； B. expected“ 期待”；C. sold “出售”；D. prepared“准备”。根据上文“An old art lover collected many famous paintings. ”一位老艺术爱好者收藏了许多名画。可知，他的儿子和他一样，也喜欢收藏。故选A。
（2）考查动词。句意：有一天，传来消息，儿子牺牲自己的生命，在一场战斗中营救另一名士兵。A. lived“活着”； B. changed“改变”；C. sacrificed “牺牲”； D. shaped“形成”。根据下文“I'm a friend of your son. He lost his life to 6 me,”，他失去了生命，可知，此处表示的是儿子在一场战斗中，营救另一名士兵，牺牲了自己。故选C。
（3）考查形容词。句意：老人感到非常悲伤，他不能振作起来，即使在新年。 A. angry “生气”；B. worried“担心”；C. terrified“ 害怕”； D. sad“悲伤”。根据上文，儿子牺牲，作为父亲，一定是难过的。故选D。
（4）考查动词。句意：老人打开门，进来一个年轻人自我介绍说，我是你儿子的朋友。A. answered“答复，回答”； B. showed “展示”；C. locked “上锁”； D. approached“接近”。根据上文“He was thinking of his dear son when someone knocked at the door. ”有人敲门的时候，他正在想他亲爱的儿子。answer the door固定短语，“应门声开门”，故选A。
（5）考查动词。A. taught “教”；B. introduced “介绍”；C. enjoyed “享受”； D. believed“相信”。根据下文“I'm a friend of your son.”，可知，陌生人进门后是介绍他自己。故选B。
（6）考查动词。句意：为了救我，他失去了生命。A. visit“拜访”；B. call “打电话”；C. save“ 救，挽救”； D. follow“跟随”。根据上文“One day news came that the son 2 his life to rescue another soldier in a battle.”可知，此处表示的是他救人，失去生命，故选C。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：所以我画了这幅你儿子的肖像，以此纪念他。A. in defence of “保卫，为……辩护”； B. in need of “需要”；C. in favor of “赞同，支持”；D. in memory of“为了纪念……”。此处表达的意思是为了对他表示纪念，怀念。故选D。
（8）考查名词。句意：老人小心翼翼地拿着这幅画。 A. delight“高兴”；B. patience“ 耐心”；C. care“ 谨慎，小心”；D. sympathy“同情”。根据下文“Then he carried the painting upstairs and gently 9 it on the wall.”老人带着画上楼，并小心翼翼的挂到墙上，可知，此处表达的是老人小心地拿着那幅画。with care固定短语，“小心翼翼地”，故选C。
（9）考查动词。句意：老人带着画上楼，并小心翼翼的挂到墙上。A. hung“ 悬挂”；B. painted “油漆”；C. dropped“ 落下”；D. cleaned“清扫”。根据语境，此处表达的是把画挂在了墙上。故选A。
（10）考查形容词。句意：它取代了西班牙著名艺术家，巴勃罗 · 毕加索的画作。A. friendly“ 友好的”；B. brave “勇敢的”；C. old “年老的”；D. famous“著名的”。毕加索是一位著名的画家。故选D。
（11）考查名词。句意：几年后，这位老人去世了，他所有的收藏品都将在拍卖会上出售。 A. clothes “衣服”；B. collections “收藏品”； C. letters “信件”；D. books“书籍”。根据上文可知，这位老人喜欢收藏，因此，在他去世后，应该是他所有的收藏品被拍卖。故选B。
（12）考查动词。句意：拍卖人指着一幅年轻人的肖像宣布…A. aimed“瞄准”； B. glared “怒视”； C. pointed “指着”；D. laughed“笑”。根据语境，此处拍卖师拍卖收藏品，应该是指着肖像。故选C。
（13）考查动词。句意：让我们从这幅画开始，谁愿意花50美元买下它? A. compare“比较”； B. play “玩”；C. struggle“挣扎”； D. start“开始”。根据上文可知，此时应该是指的拍卖会开始了。故选D。
（14）考查形容词。句意：没有人认为这是一个合理的价格。 A. local“当地的”； B. reasonable “合理的”；C. total “总的”； D. average“平均的”。根据下文“People were whispering, ‘That's too much for a painting by nobody!’”人们在窃窃私语：“这对于一幅无名的画来说太过分了!” 可知，价格对于想买的人们而言，觉得不合理。故选B。
（15）考查名词。句意：拍卖会上沉默了一会儿。 A. silence“沉默”； B. argument “争论”；C. emergency “紧急情况”； D. sound“声音”。根据“No one responded.”没有人回应。可知，此处指的人们都不说话。故选A。
（16）考查名词。句意：然后，一个声音出现了“我是那个男孩的邻居。……”A. neighbor “邻居”；B. classmate “同班同学”； C. companion“伙伴”；D. colleague“同事”。根据下文“We live in the same block.” 我们住在同一个街区。可知，说话的人是他的邻居。故选A。
（17）考查副词。句意：拍卖人大声问道: “10美元一次? 10美元两次? 10美元三次? 成交! ” A. coldly “冷漠的”；B. loudly“大声地”； C. cautiously“谨慎地”； D. jokingly“开玩笑地”。根据语境，拍卖师公布价格，应该是大声地说。故选B。
（18）考查副词。句意：出乎意料的是，拍卖人总结说，拍卖结束了。 A. Obviously “显而易见地”； B. Hopefully “有希望地”；C. Unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；D. Fortunately“幸运地”。根据上文“Let's 13 with this painting. ”拍卖师说以这幅画开始拍卖，所以在得知这幅画被卖出后，观众们都期待接下来能买到一些好的收藏品。根据本句后半句说拍卖结束了，这是所有人未曾想到的。故选C。
（19）考查名词。句意：根据主人的遗嘱，所有其他的画都属于买这幅（肖像）画的人。A. son's“儿子的”；B. owner's “主人的”；C. neighbor's “邻居的”；D. soldier's“战士的”。根据上文，在这个老人去世后，他的所有的收藏品用于拍卖。所以此处指的是根据老人的医嘱。故选B。
（20）考查动词短语。句意：根据主人的遗嘱，所有其他的画都属于买这幅（肖像）画的人。A. refer to “指的是，涉及”；B. depend on “依赖”；C. focus on“集中注意力”；D. belong to“属于”。根据上文可知，其他所有的藏品就属于买了肖像画的人。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
五、
【答案】 distant；keeping；to；was forced；an；himself；varieties；melted；basically；what
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍传统的中国民间工艺——糖画以及它的传人李健忠。
（1）考查形容词。句意：由于选择做糖画的人越来越少，中国传统民间工艺在某些方面可能已经成为一种距离记忆。后文memory为名词，形容词修饰名词，故填distant。
（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：然而， 一位38岁的工匠，李江忠，致力于保持糖画艺术的活力。be committed to固定短语，“致力于”to是介词，后跟动名词作宾语，故填keeping。
（3）考查介词。句意： 矿井关闭后，李转向房屋装修。turn to固定短语，“转向；致力于”后跟介词to，故填to。
（4）考查时态语态。句意：由于伤了一个手指，他被迫放弃房子装修。根据上文turned可知此处用一般过去时，且谓语force与主语he之间构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was forced。
（5）考查冠词。句意：今年早些时候，他发现了糖画，一些他真正感兴趣的东西。have an interest in固定短语，“对......感兴趣”，故填an。
（6）考查代词。句意：他通过大量的网上视频和信息自学。by oneself固定短语，“独自地；单独”可知此处用反身代词，故填himself。
（7）考查名词。句意：他很快掌握了这项技能并能制作多种多样的糖画。variety为可数名词，此处表示“多种多样”故用复数形式，填varieties。
（8）考查形容词。句意：一个糖画用融化的棕色或白色糖做成。sugar为名词，需要形容词修饰，表示“融化的糖”，故填melted。
（9）考查副词。句意：工匠根据动物和植物在石板上用糖浆作画。paint为动词，需要副词修饰，故填basically。
（10）考查主语从句。句意：当糖冷却时，所呈现的就是一幅糖的艺术了。此处是what引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故使用关系代词what，因此答案为what。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，非谓语动词，介词，时态语态，冠词，代词，名词，副词以及主语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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