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外研版 (2019)Unit 5 Revealing nature第1课时课时练习
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这是一份外研版 (2019)Unit 5 Revealing nature第1课时课时练习，共21页。试卷主要包含了单句语法填空，选词填空，课文语法填空，阅读理解，任务型阅读，完形填空，语法填空，改错等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择性必修第一册练习
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、单句语法填空
1．I've had _______________many books that I don’t have enough space for the large furniture at home.
2．The evidence based on facts is _______________(convince)．
3．The man _______________(suspect) of killing his boss could be transferred to another city today.
4．The play is an _______________(adapt) of a famous novel.
5．I spotted my friend at once among _______________ crowd.
6．He was fascinated _______________ the beauty of the village.
7．They led me _______________ a quiet place that day.
8．A doctor who asks the patients for money is _______________ disgrace to our hospital.
9．He stopped at safe _______________(distant)，and watched him pass by.
10．Why do I believe in the _______________(exist) of atoms?
二、选词填空
adapt to；be a disgrace；suspect...of；in the distance；be crowded with；lead to
1．I watched my son until he disappeared _______________.
2．The way he argued with the lady _______________to me.
3．This in turn _______________ decreased costs.
4．The office _______________people complaining about the cars.
5．When he moved to New York，the children _______________ the change very well.
6．She was _______________ having links with a criminal group.
三、课文语法填空
Darwin was fascinated 1. ________________ rocks, plants and animals, who began his journey 2. ________________ the Beagle. As he studied the samples which was 3.________________ (crowd) with his room on the ship，he raised the question: how did different species come 4._______________ (exist)？Although people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，Darwin wanted to look for 5.________________ (evident) to prove it was not true. On the Galapagos Islands，he noticed the 6.________________ (differ) between the finches，and it seemed their beaks 7. ________________ (evolve). Darwin suspected the finches had evolved from 8._______________ (early) ancestors.9.________________ (eventual), he proposed a theory about evolution 10. ________________ living things had evolved from lower forms of life，and published his book，On the Origin of Species.
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Heritage Day is around the comer, so here at TravelGround we make a list of the top public spots for you.
※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve
It's about 22 kilometres south of Leeudoringstad. It offers great bird-watching chances and visitors can fish in the rapids of the Vaal River surrounded by unmatched natural scenery. This park is also a favorite among mountain bikers. There are special picnic areas and various kinds of wildlife can be seen.
Price: R30 per adult and free for children
Tel: 018-5819705
※The Modjadji Nature Reserve
It's close to Modjadjiskloof. It's the world's largest concentration(集中) of the Modjadji palm, and offers a perfect setting for day visitors, such as overlooking the Kruger National Park. Visitors can expect to see large games. Picnic areas are available.
Price: R10 per person
Tel: 074-8340383
※The False Bay Park
It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280-kilometre coastline. Swimming is not allowed, but other activities such as hiking, fishing, boating on Lake St Lucia are available. There's a special picnic area where visitors can enjoy favorite amusements and seek the riches of nature.
Price: Free
Tel: 021-9752189
※The Mac Mac Pools
It's a popular picnic spot in a river which drops into some natural swimming holes. It lies in the Sabie area on the Panorama Route and there is a beautiful nature path for guests9 enjoyment. This lovely walk winds its way to the base of die amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.
Price: R30 per person
Tel: 013-7542724
（1） Where will you go if you're fond of birds?
A.The Kruger National Park.
B.The Mac Mac Pools.
C.The iSimangaliso Wetland Park.
D.The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve.
（2） Which sightseeing spot lies in a park?
A.The False Bay Park.
B.Lake St Lucia.
C.The Modjadji Nature Reserve.
D.The Vaal River.
（3） What do the four places have in common?
A.They charge admission fees.
B.They are special wildlife reserves.
C.They are nice spots for the picnic.
D.They are mountain bikers' favorites.
B
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modem childhood. One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author, people enjoy to seek nature.
A.running in the gym
B.jogging on the street
C.shopping in the supermarket
D.sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph, we can see that .
A.climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
B.children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C.adults deprive the children of their rights to approach nature
D.children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature?
A.Children with ADHD can be cured.
B.Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C.A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
D.Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
（4）What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Getting close to nature improves our life.
B.Nature can treat the children with ADHD
C.Playing in nature reduces aggressive behaviour.
D.Human beings can not live without natural areas.
C
Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and health-care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says. But "it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not."
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health. White's group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self-reports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. "I was very surprised, to be honest," says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. "We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data."
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour-long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half-hour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to de-stress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Health-care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term "a dose of nature" to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. "That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health," says White.
（1）White's research focused on_______.
A.required amount of green space
B.benefits from the exposure to nature
C.necessary time length of nature visits
D.physical responses to outdoor activities
（2）What does the underlined phrase "threshold of time" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Maximum time.
B.Minimum time.
C.Adequate time.
D.Average time.
（3）From the last paragraph, we can infer that White______.
A.is confident about his mission
B.is willing to cooperate with others
C.has persuaded others to accept his idea
D.has adopted the term for his research result
（4）What's the best title for the passage?
A.Respect for Nature
B.Nature as Medicine
C.Present from Nature
D.Mission in Nature
D
Shinrin-yoku means "forest bathing". Forest bathing doesn't mean you take a bath in the forest; rather, you simply go for a walk in the woods or a city park, where you relax by using all your senses to experience nature.
Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health. In his book Shinrin-yoku: The Japanese Art of Forest Bathing, Miyazaki explains the techniques of forest bathing.
Miyazaki has an interesting theory about why shinrin-yoku is so effective. He points out that for more than 99.99% of the time, humans have lived in a natural environment. In fact, in 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, and by 2016, this figure reached 54%. This is only going to get worse; officials predict that by 2050, 66% will live in cities.
This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because "genes cannot change over just a few hundred years". The science behind the research studies he presents in the book makes a compelling (引人注目的) case that forest bathing is an effective method for reducing stress in today's world.
Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of "parks" out of empty spaces. There're also more city gardens where people can grow vegetables. For kids, kitchen gardens in schools are becoming popular. As Miyazaki stresses, you don't have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there're plants.
Better yet, he says, we can bring nature closer to where we spend most of our time. Miyazaki's research has shown that just increasing the amount of plants in a room can affect the relaxation benefits of the room. What's more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decrease.
（1）What can we infer about the power of nature on human health?
A.It is well accepted all the time.
B.It is widely used in the medical field.
C.It is a popular topic of research.
D.It was put forward by a Japanese scientist.
（2）Why does forest bathing work effectively according to Miyazaki?
A.Human bodies fit in with nature.
B.Nature is part of the modern society.
C.Human genes do not change easily.
D.People can always calm down in nature.
（3）What do you think of Miyazaki's opinion about forest bathing according to the last two paragraphs?
A.It is easily affordable.
B.It is convenient to practice.
C.It is not difficult to learn.
D.It is meant for gardeners.
五、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact. 1. and according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all.
2. Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a four-legged time capsule. A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.
For the study, a team looked at two muscles (the RAOL and LAOM muscles) that work together to widen and open a dog's eyes, causing them to appear bigger and more lovely, which we read as distinctly humanlike. The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog's eye to either end of the brow above. 3. Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. Research has also shown that when dogs work these muscles, humans respond more positively. This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. 4.
For a species to change quickly, a pretty powerful force must be acting on it. 5. .We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.
A. Dogs are similar to wolves.
B. And that's where humans come in.
C. It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.
D. But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present.
E. Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.
F. Researchers have long been interested in the ways dogs make eye contact with humans.
G. Dogs split off from their wolf relatives — specifically, gray wolves — as many as 33, 000 years ago.
六、完形填空
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness... At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
—Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing 1 from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health? 2 , a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a 3 greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical(经验主义） 4 that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方）for a 5 .
We are now far 6 from the natural world of our ancestors.... more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050) increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a setting correlates with a 7 severe stress response, and exposure to greenspace 8 correlates to a positive effect on well-being in a large two-decade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the 9 of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being. But how does exposure to green space help us relax and 10 , exactly?
Dr. Gregory Bratman's group at Stanford has published a couple of papers following a small group of healthy volunteers told to for a 5 kilometer walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an 11 walk with beautiful views of the mountains and the bay. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90 minute walk in the same urban vs. more natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had 12 activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and 13 ideas and worry, exposure to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive longitudinal benefits. In the hyper-urban world to come, designing accessible, safe 14 may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. 15 , a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
1. A. resistance
B. isolation
C. interruption
D. distance
2. A. Currently
B. Generally
C. Historically
D. Fortunately
3. A. local
B. imposing
C. fascinating
D. standard
4. A. assistance
B. evidence
C. belief
D. approach
5. A. cycling
B. swimming
C. adventure
D. hike
6. A. removed
B. rid
C. driven
D. dropped
7. A. more
B. less
C. similar
D. negative
8. A. dominantly
B. lively
C. merely
D. significantly
9. A. exposure
B. link
C. availability
D. necessity
10. A. tolerate
B. unwind
C. swing
D. resolve
11. A. causal
B. earnest
C. upright
D. scenic
12. A. reduced
B. increased
C. intensified
D. balanced
13. A. turn on
B. get over
C. draw on
D. roll over
14. A. communities
B. facilities
C. greenspaces
D. transportations
15. A. In a word
B. For instance
C. In the meantime
D. In particular
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through ________ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea ________ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called "Biophilia", ________ (mean) "love of life and the living world". Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas ________ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixty-eight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of ________ (excite), innovation and energy. ________ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, ________ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses ________ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us ________ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a ________ (rapid) changing world.
八、改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One afternoon in early spring, I caught sight of poster in my community on which read "Green Community, Beautiful Home" I found the activity quite meaningfully and decided to take part.
Since my mom was fond of flowers, we choose Chinese roses. With everything preparing, I carefully planted the flower seedlings and gently watered it.
Now looking after plant has become part of my life. This way, I can feel the simple pleasure of life but harvest a sense of achievement. The seedlings are grown little by little, and I can't help picturing what beautiful our neighborhood will be when all the flowers come out.
参考答案
一、
【答案】
1.
2. so
3. convincing
4. suspected
5. adaptation
6. the
7. with
8. to
9. a
10. distance
11. existence
【解析】略
二、
【答案】
1. in the distance
2. was a disgrace
3. leads to
4. was crowded with
5. adapted to
6. suspected of
【解析】略
三、
【答案】
1-5 by
on
crowded
to exist_
evidence
6-10
difference
had
evolved
earlier
Eventually
that
【解析】略
四、阅读理解
A
【答案】 D .A C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，遗产日即将到来，因此在TravelGround，作者为读者列出了最热门的几个可游览的景点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
（1） 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“It offers great bird-watching chances”它提供了绝佳的观鸟机会，可知，如果你喜欢鸟，可以去The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve。故选D。
（2） 考查细节理解。根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280-kilometre coastline.”它位于圣卢西亚湖的西岸，在覆盖280公里海岸线的iSimangaliso湿地公园内，可知， The False Bay Park位于一个公园内。故选A。
（3） 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“There are special picnic areas”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Modjadji Nature Reserve部分中的“Picnic areas are available.”提供野餐区；根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“There's a special picnic area”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Mac Mac Pools部分中的“This lovely walk winds its way to the base of die amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.”这条可爱的小路蜿蜒到令人惊叹的Mac Mac瀑布的基地，这也是一个野餐的好地方。可知，四个地方的共同之处是这些地方是野餐的好地方。故选C。
B【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是，现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，作者尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响，是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然，则会对人们的身心都产生益处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.”我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界。我们去钓鱼，坐在花园里，野餐，住在郊区或去海边。在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。当慢跑者慢跑时，他们不会在街上跑。他们每个人都倾向于去公园或河边。可知，人们喜欢坐在花园里寻找自然。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段“But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.”尽管如此，我们的孩子还是在大自然的剥夺中长大。我的童年是爬树度过的。如今，孩子们被剥夺了这些古老的自由，由于诸如犯罪、交通、开放空间的丧失以及关于什么对孩子最好的奇怪的新想法，也就是说，能买到的东西，而不是能找到的东西。可知，现在的孩子可能在大自然中的时间比较少了。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.”当老年人接近自然时，他们的生活要明显好一些。越来越多的老年人关注的是年数的质量而不是数量。一项又一项的研究发现，花园是找到这种品质的最重要的因素。当人们与自然世界接触时，犯罪和攻击性行为的问题也会减少。可推知选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health and our happiness.”我们需要野外世界。它对我们的幸福、健康和幸福至关重要。结合文章主要讲述了我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然则会对人们的身心都产生益处。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是接近自然可以改善我们的生活。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
C【答案】 （1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段的“says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home, White says.”怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积)通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest,’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”我们可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. ‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health,’ says White.”一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”。可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
D【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“森林浴”的相关知识。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health.”来自千叶大学的宫崎吉文是越来越多的已经开始研究自然对人类健康影响的科学的科学家之一，可推知自然对人类健康的影响的研究很流行，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment”这表明我们生活在现代社会，我们的身体仍然习惯于自然环境，可推知选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“As Miyazaki stresses, you don't have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there're plants.”像Miyazaki强调的那样，你不需要找一个正式的公园或者花园来练习 森林浴，相反，只要有植物，你就可以享受大自然的影响。可推知选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
五、【答案】 C；G；D；E；B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明狗狗在进化过程中，面部表情越来越像人类，这也是狗狗被人们所接受的原因。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1.根据空前“Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact.”狗比其他宠物更渴望与人进行眼神交流。可知，下文应该也是与狗的眼神有关的内容；再根据客户“and according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all. ”根据一项新的研究，这种牵动心弦的感觉可能正是狗狗向我们展示那些表情的原因。可知，空处应该是讲人们对狗狗的眼睛的内心感受。C.It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.“对大多数人来说，很难抗拒小狗水汪汪的眼睛“符合语境，故选C。
2.根据空后“Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a four-legged time capsule. A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.”研究这两种动物有点像打开一个四条腿的时间胶囊。发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一篇论文发现，狗的面部结构具有复杂的表情，而狼却没有。可知。空处应该提到两种动物：狗和狼，G. Dogs split off from their wolf relatives — specifically, gray wolves — as many as 33, 000 years ago.“狗是在33000年前从它们的近亲狼中分离出来的，尤其是灰狼”中有Dogs和wolf，符合语境。故选G。
3.根据空前“The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog’s eye to either end of the brow above. “肌肉为两条短直线，连接狗眼周围的肌肉圈到眉毛上方的两端。可知，空处也应该是面部表情的肌肉控制；以及空后“Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. ”因此，他们得出结论，这些复杂的面部表情的起源是在狗和狼分离之后。可推知，空处应该是讲狼的面部肌肉控制。D. But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present.“但在研究人员观察的四头灰狼中，肌肉都不存在”讲述了狼的面部肌肉控制部位，符合语境，故选D。
4.根据空前“This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. “这并不是一个巧合的爱情故事，两个物种的眼睛在一个拥挤的星球上碰巧相遇。可推知，空处应该这种现象的真正原因。E. Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.”就像其他最好的伙伴关系一样，这种关系更有可能是多年进化的结果“说明了这种现象发生的原因是物种进化，符合语境。故选E。
5.根据空后“We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.”我们与能够做出类似人类面部动作的动物之间的联系更加深入，所以狗狗已经进化到看起来像我们自己的婴儿，可以被选择收养。可推知，空处是讲人类与狗狗进化之间的联系。B. And that's where humans come in.“这就是人类的作用所在”说明了狗狗的进化是由于人类，符合语境。故选B。
六、【答案】 （1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）B；（5）D；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）D；（12）A；（13）D；（14）C；（15）A；
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的环境中长大与压力反应相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。同时说明了暴露在绿色空间中可以帮助我们放松的原因。
（1）考查名词。句意：我们现在的生活方式和进化过去的生活方式的一个主要区别是，随着城市化的发展，我们越来越远离自然环境。A. resistance“阻力”；B. isolation“隔离”；C. interruption“中断”；D. distance“距离”。故选B。
（2）考查副词。句意：从历史上看，治疗身体不健康或情绪低落的方法，如果有方法的话，就是把人送到安静的乡村或海边，远离城市的喧嚣。A. Currently“当前”；B. Generally“通常”；C. Historically“在历史上”；D. Fortunately“幸运的是”。故选C。
（3）考查形容词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. local“当地的”；B. imposing“壮观的”；C. fascinating“迷人的”；D. standard“标准的”。根据上文，自然疗法是一个好方法，可以帮助我们解压，那就是去到大自然中去，去欣赏美景也好还是怎样，故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. assistance“援助”；B. evidence“证据”；C. belief “信赖”；D. approach“接近”。根据下文“And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方）for ”可知我们的祖先之前是通过自然疗法治疗一些疾病，所以他们体验过才传下来，那就是一些经验主义的经验，故选B。
（5）考查动词。句意：最近，科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方。A. cycling“骑行”；B. swimming“游泳”；C. adventure“冒险”；D. hike“远足”。根据语境可知科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方来帮助人们治疗身体不健康或情绪低落。故选D。
（6）考查形容词。句意：我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界…超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。A. removed“远离的”；B. rid“摆脱”；C. driven“被动的”；D. dropped“下降”。根据“more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050”以及第一空选项可知我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界。故选A。
（7）考查形容词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. more“更多的”；B. less“更少的”；C. similar“相似的”；D. negative“消极的”。在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关。故选B。
（8）考查副词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. dominantly“支配地”；B. lively“活泼的”；C. merely“仅仅”；D. significantly“显著地”。多接触大自然对我们来说是好的，所以选择一个积极色彩的程度副词，故选D。
（9）考查名词。句意：威斯康辛州一项关于心理健康和社区绿地的大型调查显示，大自然的可及性与较低程度的抑郁、焦虑和压力之间存在显著的相关性。A. exposure“暴露”；B. link“环节”；C. availability“可用性”；D. necessity“必然性”。对应上文的exposure to greenspace 的exposure，故选C。
（10）考查动词。句意：但是，确切地说，暴露在绿色空间中如何帮助我们放松呢?A. tolerate“容忍”；B. unwind“放松”；C. swing“摇摆”；D. resolve“溶解”。选择一个跟relax相近的词，故选B。
（11）考查形容词。句意：一半人在繁忙的街道上行走，另一半人则在美丽的山峦和海湾中散步。A. causal“原因的”；B. earnest“认真的”；C. upright“正直的”；D. scenic“风景优美的”。故选D。
（12）考查动词。A. reduced“减少”；B. increased“增加”；C. intensified“加强”；D. balanced“平衡”。既然接触大自然是可以治疗疾病，再根据“This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders. ”应该是会让他们减少压抑感。故选A。
（13）考查动词短语。句意：所以，在这个世界和环境中，我们的大脑在加班加点地工作，我们思考，反复思考，担心，接触大自然似乎让我们忘记了自己的头脑，这可能会带来积极的纵向效益。A. turn on“打开”；B. get over“克服”；C. draw on“利用”；D. roll over“翻滚”。我们会去想很多事情，而这些是让我们变压抑的原因。故选D。
（14）考查名词。句意：在未来高度城市化的世界里，设计无障碍、安全的绿地可能有助于人们的心理健康，保护我们的自然景观供我们的子孙后代享用，这将继续是一个国家必须做的事情。A. communities“社区”；B. facilities“设备”；C. greenspaces“绿地”；D. transportations“交通工具”。全文都在讲greenspace 对我们的影响，故选C。
（15）考查介词短语。句意：简而言之，一张周末远足的处方可能对大脑有一些可测量的好处。A. In a word“总之”；B. For instance“例如”；C. In the meantime“在此期间”；D. In particular“特别”。最后作者做出总结，（号召）大家多多接触大自然，进而减少城市化带给我们的焦虑感。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
七、【答案】 leaves；that；meaning；has grown；excitement；But；the；like；to step；rapidly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大自然会让人感觉很好。
（1）考查名词。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
（2）考查同位语从句。分析句子，可知此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义，只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以mean要用非谓语动词，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
（4）考查时态。根据时间状语so far，要用现在完成时，the number做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
（5）考查名词。空白前面of 是介词，后面接名词，故填excitement。
（6）考查连词。句意：城市是很好的地方，充满兴奋，动力和能量。但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。
（7）考查冠词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力。the+比较级，the+比较级固定句式，“越……，就越……”。故填the。
（8）考查介词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。like作介词时意为“像”。故填like。
（9）考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.固定短语，“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
（10）考查副词。分析句子可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing world，故填rapidly。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，同位语从句，非谓语动词，时态，名词，连词，冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
八、【答案】 ①of后加a ②删除on ③meaningfully →meaningful ④choose →chose⑤preparing →prepared ⑥it →them ⑦plant →plants ⑧but →and ⑨grown →growing ⑩what →how
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者参加“绿色社区，美丽家园”的活动的经历。
①考查冠词。句意：我在社区看到一个写有“绿色社区，美丽家园”的海报。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词。且poster首字母的发音为辅音因素。故在of后加a。
②考查定语从句。句意：我在社区看到一个写有“绿色社区，美丽家园”的海报。先行词为poster，在定语从句中作主语，所以只需用which引导，故删除on。
③考查形容词。句意：我发现这个活动很有意义，决定参加。作宾补修饰activity，所以用形容词。故meaningfully 改为meaningful。
④考查时态。句意：因为妈妈喜欢花，所以我们选择了月季。描述过去的事情，从句用的was，所以用一般过去时态。故choose改为chose。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：一切就绪，我认真的种植并浇水。with的宾语everything和prepare之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故preparing改为prepared。
⑥考查代词。句意：一切就绪，我认真的种植并浇水。指代复数名词seedlings，所以用them做宾语。故将it 改为them。
⑦考查名词。句意：现在照顾植物成了我生活的一部分。plant为可数名词，用复数形式表泛指。故plant改为plants。
⑧考查连词。句意：这样，我就能感受到生活的简单乐趣，收获成就感。所以前后是并列关系，所以用and连接。故but改为and。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：幼苗一点点长大。seedlings与grow生长是主动关系，所以用现在分词和are构成现在进行时态。故grown 改为growing。
⑩考查宾语从句。句意：我不禁想象当所有的花都开放时，我们的社区将会多么美丽。在从句中修饰形容词，表示“多么”，所以用how引导。故what改为how。
【点评】本题考点涉及冠词，定语从句，形容词，时态，非谓语动词，代词，名词，连词以及宾语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
选择性必修第一册练习
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、单句语法填空
1．I've had _______________many books that I don’t have enough space for the large furniture at home.
2．The evidence based on facts is _______________(convince)．
3．The man _______________(suspect) of killing his boss could be transferred to another city today.
4．The play is an _______________(adapt) of a famous novel.
5．I spotted my friend at once among _______________ crowd.
6．He was fascinated _______________ the beauty of the village.
7．They led me _______________ a quiet place that day.
8．A doctor who asks the patients for money is _______________ disgrace to our hospital.
9．He stopped at safe _______________(distant)，and watched him pass by.
10．Why do I believe in the _______________(exist) of atoms?
二、选词填空
adapt to；be a disgrace；suspect...of；in the distance；be crowded with；lead to
1．I watched my son until he disappeared _______________.
2．The way he argued with the lady _______________to me.
3．This in turn _______________ decreased costs.
4．The office _______________people complaining about the cars.
5．When he moved to New York，the children _______________ the change very well.
6．She was _______________ having links with a criminal group.
三、课文语法填空
Darwin was fascinated 1. ________________ rocks, plants and animals, who began his journey 2. ________________ the Beagle. As he studied the samples which was 3.________________ (crowd) with his room on the ship，he raised the question: how did different species come 4._______________ (exist)？Although people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，Darwin wanted to look for 5.________________ (evident) to prove it was not true. On the Galapagos Islands，he noticed the 6.________________ (differ) between the finches，and it seemed their beaks 7. ________________ (evolve). Darwin suspected the finches had evolved from 8._______________ (early) ancestors.9.________________ (eventual), he proposed a theory about evolution 10. ________________ living things had evolved from lower forms of life，and published his book，On the Origin of Species.
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Heritage Day is around the comer, so here at TravelGround we make a list of the top public spots for you.
※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve
It's about 22 kilometres south of Leeudoringstad. It offers great bird-watching chances and visitors can fish in the rapids of the Vaal River surrounded by unmatched natural scenery. This park is also a favorite among mountain bikers. There are special picnic areas and various kinds of wildlife can be seen.
Price: R30 per adult and free for children
Tel: 018-5819705
※The Modjadji Nature Reserve
It's close to Modjadjiskloof. It's the world's largest concentration(集中) of the Modjadji palm, and offers a perfect setting for day visitors, such as overlooking the Kruger National Park. Visitors can expect to see large games. Picnic areas are available.
Price: R10 per person
Tel: 074-8340383
※The False Bay Park
It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280-kilometre coastline. Swimming is not allowed, but other activities such as hiking, fishing, boating on Lake St Lucia are available. There's a special picnic area where visitors can enjoy favorite amusements and seek the riches of nature.
Price: Free
Tel: 021-9752189
※The Mac Mac Pools
It's a popular picnic spot in a river which drops into some natural swimming holes. It lies in the Sabie area on the Panorama Route and there is a beautiful nature path for guests9 enjoyment. This lovely walk winds its way to the base of die amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.
Price: R30 per person
Tel: 013-7542724
（1） Where will you go if you're fond of birds?
A.The Kruger National Park.
B.The Mac Mac Pools.
C.The iSimangaliso Wetland Park.
D.The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve.
（2） Which sightseeing spot lies in a park?
A.The False Bay Park.
B.Lake St Lucia.
C.The Modjadji Nature Reserve.
D.The Vaal River.
（3） What do the four places have in common?
A.They charge admission fees.
B.They are special wildlife reserves.
C.They are nice spots for the picnic.
D.They are mountain bikers' favorites.
B
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
ADHD is one of the great problems of modem childhood. One study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health and our happiness.
（1）According to the author, people enjoy to seek nature.
A.running in the gym
B.jogging on the street
C.shopping in the supermarket
D.sitting in the garden
（2）From the second paragraph, we can see that .
A.climbing trees will certainly do good to the children
B.children probably spend less time in nature nowadays
C.adults deprive the children of their rights to approach nature
D.children tend to be happier as a result of their material satisfaction
（3）In what way do people benefit from their contact with nature?
A.Children with ADHD can be cured.
B.Children's performance at school is greatly improved.
C.A garden nearby improves the quality of old people's life.
D.Problems with crime and violent behavior will easily be solved.
（4）What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Getting close to nature improves our life.
B.Nature can treat the children with ADHD
C.Playing in nature reduces aggressive behaviour.
D.Human beings can not live without natural areas.
C
Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and health-care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home, White says. But "it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not."
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health. White's group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self-reports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. "I was very surprised, to be honest," says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. "We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data."
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour-long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half-hour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to de-stress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Health-care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term "a dose of nature" to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. "That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health," says White.
（1）White's research focused on_______.
A.required amount of green space
B.benefits from the exposure to nature
C.necessary time length of nature visits
D.physical responses to outdoor activities
（2）What does the underlined phrase "threshold of time" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Maximum time.
B.Minimum time.
C.Adequate time.
D.Average time.
（3）From the last paragraph, we can infer that White______.
A.is confident about his mission
B.is willing to cooperate with others
C.has persuaded others to accept his idea
D.has adopted the term for his research result
（4）What's the best title for the passage?
A.Respect for Nature
B.Nature as Medicine
C.Present from Nature
D.Mission in Nature
D
Shinrin-yoku means "forest bathing". Forest bathing doesn't mean you take a bath in the forest; rather, you simply go for a walk in the woods or a city park, where you relax by using all your senses to experience nature.
Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health. In his book Shinrin-yoku: The Japanese Art of Forest Bathing, Miyazaki explains the techniques of forest bathing.
Miyazaki has an interesting theory about why shinrin-yoku is so effective. He points out that for more than 99.99% of the time, humans have lived in a natural environment. In fact, in 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, and by 2016, this figure reached 54%. This is only going to get worse; officials predict that by 2050, 66% will live in cities.
This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because "genes cannot change over just a few hundred years". The science behind the research studies he presents in the book makes a compelling (引人注目的) case that forest bathing is an effective method for reducing stress in today's world.
Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of "parks" out of empty spaces. There're also more city gardens where people can grow vegetables. For kids, kitchen gardens in schools are becoming popular. As Miyazaki stresses, you don't have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there're plants.
Better yet, he says, we can bring nature closer to where we spend most of our time. Miyazaki's research has shown that just increasing the amount of plants in a room can affect the relaxation benefits of the room. What's more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decrease.
（1）What can we infer about the power of nature on human health?
A.It is well accepted all the time.
B.It is widely used in the medical field.
C.It is a popular topic of research.
D.It was put forward by a Japanese scientist.
（2）Why does forest bathing work effectively according to Miyazaki?
A.Human bodies fit in with nature.
B.Nature is part of the modern society.
C.Human genes do not change easily.
D.People can always calm down in nature.
（3）What do you think of Miyazaki's opinion about forest bathing according to the last two paragraphs?
A.It is easily affordable.
B.It is convenient to practice.
C.It is not difficult to learn.
D.It is meant for gardeners.
五、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact. 1. and according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all.
2. Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a four-legged time capsule. A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.
For the study, a team looked at two muscles (the RAOL and LAOM muscles) that work together to widen and open a dog's eyes, causing them to appear bigger and more lovely, which we read as distinctly humanlike. The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog's eye to either end of the brow above. 3. Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. Research has also shown that when dogs work these muscles, humans respond more positively. This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. 4.
For a species to change quickly, a pretty powerful force must be acting on it. 5. .We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.
A. Dogs are similar to wolves.
B. And that's where humans come in.
C. It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.
D. But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present.
E. Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.
F. Researchers have long been interested in the ways dogs make eye contact with humans.
G. Dogs split off from their wolf relatives — specifically, gray wolves — as many as 33, 000 years ago.
六、完形填空
Nature Therapy
We need the tonic of wildness... At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.
—Thoreau
One major difference between our current lifestyle and those of our evolutionary past is an increasing 1 from natural settings with increased urbanization. But does this change have a major impact on our mental health? 2 , a remedy for ill health or low spirits, if the means were available, would be to send someone to the quiet of the country or seashore and away from the bustle of city. The popularity of vacations to beautiful national parks, camping, outward bound, and even breaks for a picturesque walk in a 3 greenspace to clear the mind would speak to some empirical(经验主义） 4 that nature does soothe the savage beast. And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方）for a 5 .
We are now far 6 from the natural world of our ancestors.... more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050) increased urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, particularly anxiety and depression. Growing up in a setting correlates with a 7 severe stress response, and exposure to greenspace 8 correlates to a positive effect on well-being in a large two-decade study. Images and sounds of a natural environment can decrease stress in people exposed to negative stimuli. A large survey of mental health and neighborhood greenspace in Wisconsin showed significant correlation between the 9 of nature and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. There are many studies showing a similar relationships between nature exposure, relaxation, and well-being. But how does exposure to green space help us relax and 10 , exactly?
Dr. Gregory Bratman's group at Stanford has published a couple of papers following a small group of healthy volunteers told to for a 5 kilometer walk in the San Francisco Bay area. Half walked along a busy street while the other half went for a/an 11 walk with beautiful views of the mountains and the bay. The nature walk compared to walk along a busy street. Later, the same researchers did MRIs and measured blood flow in brain areas of healthy people who went on a 90 minute walk in the same urban vs. more natural setting. They found that the nature walkers had 12 activity in a particular brain region, the subgenual prefrontal cortex. This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders.
So there we have it in a world and environment where our brains are working overtime and we think and 13 ideas and worry, exposure to nature seems to get us out of our heads, with likely positive longitudinal benefits. In the hyper-urban world to come, designing accessible, safe 14 may help the mental health of the population, and preserving our natural landscapes to be enjoyed by our descendants will continue to be a national must. 15 , a prescription for a nice weekend hike could have some real measurable brain benefits.
1. A. resistance
B. isolation
C. interruption
D. distance
2. A. Currently
B. Generally
C. Historically
D. Fortunately
3. A. local
B. imposing
C. fascinating
D. standard
4. A. assistance
B. evidence
C. belief
D. approach
5. A. cycling
B. swimming
C. adventure
D. hike
6. A. removed
B. rid
C. driven
D. dropped
7. A. more
B. less
C. similar
D. negative
8. A. dominantly
B. lively
C. merely
D. significantly
9. A. exposure
B. link
C. availability
D. necessity
10. A. tolerate
B. unwind
C. swing
D. resolve
11. A. causal
B. earnest
C. upright
D. scenic
12. A. reduced
B. increased
C. intensified
D. balanced
13. A. turn on
B. get over
C. draw on
D. roll over
14. A. communities
B. facilities
C. greenspaces
D. transportations
15. A. In a word
B. For instance
C. In the meantime
D. In particular
七、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through ________ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea ________ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called "Biophilia", ________ (mean) "love of life and the living world". Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas ________ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixty-eight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of ________ (excite), innovation and energy. ________ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, ________ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses ________ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us ________ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a ________ (rapid) changing world.
八、改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One afternoon in early spring, I caught sight of poster in my community on which read "Green Community, Beautiful Home" I found the activity quite meaningfully and decided to take part.
Since my mom was fond of flowers, we choose Chinese roses. With everything preparing, I carefully planted the flower seedlings and gently watered it.
Now looking after plant has become part of my life. This way, I can feel the simple pleasure of life but harvest a sense of achievement. The seedlings are grown little by little, and I can't help picturing what beautiful our neighborhood will be when all the flowers come out.
参考答案
一、
【答案】
1.
2. so
3. convincing
4. suspected
5. adaptation
6. the
7. with
8. to
9. a
10. distance
11. existence
【解析】略
二、
【答案】
1. in the distance
2. was a disgrace
3. leads to
4. was crowded with
5. adapted to
6. suspected of
【解析】略
三、
【答案】
1-5 by
on
crowded
to exist_
evidence
6-10
difference
had
evolved
earlier
Eventually
that
【解析】略
四、阅读理解
A
【答案】 D .A C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，遗产日即将到来，因此在TravelGround，作者为读者列出了最热门的几个可游览的景点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
（1） 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“It offers great bird-watching chances”它提供了绝佳的观鸟机会，可知，如果你喜欢鸟，可以去The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve。故选D。
（2） 考查细节理解。根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“It lies along Lake St Lucia's western shore and within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, which covers a 280-kilometre coastline.”它位于圣卢西亚湖的西岸，在覆盖280公里海岸线的iSimangaliso湿地公园内，可知， The False Bay Park位于一个公园内。故选A。
（3） 考查细节理解。根据※The Wolwespruit Nature Reserve部分中的“There are special picnic areas”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Modjadji Nature Reserve部分中的“Picnic areas are available.”提供野餐区；根据※The False Bay Park部分中的“There's a special picnic area”有专门的野餐区；根据※The Mac Mac Pools部分中的“This lovely walk winds its way to the base of die amazing Mac Mac Falls, which is also a great picnic spot.”这条可爱的小路蜿蜒到令人惊叹的Mac Mac瀑布的基地，这也是一个野餐的好地方。可知，四个地方的共同之处是这些地方是野餐的好地方。故选C。
B【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是，现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，作者尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响，是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然，则会对人们的身心都产生益处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. We go fishing, sit in the garden, have a picnic, live in the suburbs or go to the seaside. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. When joggers jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them tend to go to the park or the river.”我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界。我们去钓鱼，坐在花园里，野餐，住在郊区或去海边。在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。当慢跑者慢跑时，他们不会在街上跑。他们每个人都倾向于去公园或河边。可知，人们喜欢坐在花园里寻找自然。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段“But despite this, our children are growing up nature deprived. I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.”尽管如此，我们的孩子还是在大自然的剥夺中长大。我的童年是爬树度过的。如今，孩子们被剥夺了这些古老的自由，由于诸如犯罪、交通、开放空间的丧失以及关于什么对孩子最好的奇怪的新想法，也就是说，能买到的东西，而不是能找到的东西。可知，现在的孩子可能在大自然中的时间比较少了。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing concern for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.”当老年人接近自然时，他们的生活要明显好一些。越来越多的老年人关注的是年数的质量而不是数量。一项又一项的研究发现，花园是找到这种品质的最重要的因素。当人们与自然世界接触时，犯罪和攻击性行为的问题也会减少。可推知选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health and our happiness.”我们需要野外世界。它对我们的幸福、健康和幸福至关重要。结合文章主要讲述了我们大多数人一生都在寻找自然世界，但是现在的人们远离自然，这会有很多的坏处，尤其说明了接触自然较少对儿童的不良影响是导致多动症的产生的原因。一项又一项的研究表明，与大自然接触对多动症儿童大有益处。如果经常亲近自然则会对人们的身心都产生益处。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是接近自然可以改善我们的生活。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
C【答案】 （1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段的“says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home, White says.”怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积)通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest,’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”我们可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. ‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health,’ says White.”一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”。可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
D【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“森林浴”的相关知识。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health.”来自千叶大学的宫崎吉文是越来越多的已经开始研究自然对人类健康影响的科学的科学家之一，可推知自然对人类健康的影响的研究很流行，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment”这表明我们生活在现代社会，我们的身体仍然习惯于自然环境，可推知选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“As Miyazaki stresses, you don't have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there're plants.”像Miyazaki强调的那样，你不需要找一个正式的公园或者花园来练习 森林浴，相反，只要有植物，你就可以享受大自然的影响。可推知选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
五、【答案】 C；G；D；E；B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明狗狗在进化过程中，面部表情越来越像人类，这也是狗狗被人们所接受的原因。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1.根据空前“Dogs, more so than almost any other domestic pets, are desperate for human eye contact.”狗比其他宠物更渴望与人进行眼神交流。可知，下文应该也是与狗的眼神有关的内容；再根据客户“and according to a new study, that pull on the heartstrings might be exactly why dogs can give us those looks at all. ”根据一项新的研究，这种牵动心弦的感觉可能正是狗狗向我们展示那些表情的原因。可知，空处应该是讲人们对狗狗的眼睛的内心感受。C.It's hard for most people to resist the shining eyes of a little dog.“对大多数人来说，很难抗拒小狗水汪汪的眼睛“符合语境，故选C。
2.根据空后“Studying the two animals is a bit like cracking open a four-legged time capsule. A paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that dogs' faces are structured for complex expression in a way that wolves' aren't.”研究这两种动物有点像打开一个四条腿的时间胶囊。发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一篇论文发现，狗的面部结构具有复杂的表情，而狼却没有。可知。空处应该提到两种动物：狗和狼，G. Dogs split off from their wolf relatives — specifically, gray wolves — as many as 33, 000 years ago.“狗是在33000年前从它们的近亲狼中分离出来的，尤其是灰狼”中有Dogs和wolf，符合语境。故选G。
3.根据空前“The muscles for two short, straight lines, which connect the ring of muscle around a dog’s eye to either end of the brow above. “肌肉为两条短直线，连接狗眼周围的肌肉圈到眉毛上方的两端。可知，空处也应该是面部表情的肌肉控制；以及空后“Therefore, they concluded that the origin of these complex facial expressions is after dogs splitting from wolves. ”因此，他们得出结论，这些复杂的面部表情的起源是在狗和狼分离之后。可推知，空处应该是讲狼的面部肌肉控制。D. But in the four gray wolves the researchers looked at, neither muscle was present.“但在研究人员观察的四头灰狼中，肌肉都不存在”讲述了狼的面部肌肉控制部位，符合语境，故选D。
4.根据空前“This isn't simply a coincidental love story, in which the eyes of two species just so happen to meet across a crowded planet. “这并不是一个巧合的爱情故事，两个物种的眼睛在一个拥挤的星球上碰巧相遇。可推知，空处应该这种现象的真正原因。E. Like the other best partnerships, this one is more likely the result of years of evolution.”就像其他最好的伙伴关系一样，这种关系更有可能是多年进化的结果“说明了这种现象发生的原因是物种进化，符合语境。故选E。
5.根据空后“We connect more deeply with animals capable of making humanlike facial movements, so dogs have evolved to look like our own human babies to be selected for adoption.”我们与能够做出类似人类面部动作的动物之间的联系更加深入，所以狗狗已经进化到看起来像我们自己的婴儿，可以被选择收养。可推知，空处是讲人类与狗狗进化之间的联系。B. And that's where humans come in.“这就是人类的作用所在”说明了狗狗的进化是由于人类，符合语境。故选B。
六、【答案】 （1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）B；（5）D；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）D；（12）A；（13）D；（14）C；（15）A；
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界……超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的环境中长大与压力反应相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。同时说明了暴露在绿色空间中可以帮助我们放松的原因。
（1）考查名词。句意：我们现在的生活方式和进化过去的生活方式的一个主要区别是，随着城市化的发展，我们越来越远离自然环境。A. resistance“阻力”；B. isolation“隔离”；C. interruption“中断”；D. distance“距离”。故选B。
（2）考查副词。句意：从历史上看，治疗身体不健康或情绪低落的方法，如果有方法的话，就是把人送到安静的乡村或海边，远离城市的喧嚣。A. Currently“当前”；B. Generally“通常”；C. Historically“在历史上”；D. Fortunately“幸运的是”。故选C。
（3）考查形容词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. local“当地的”；B. imposing“壮观的”；C. fascinating“迷人的”；D. standard“标准的”。根据上文，自然疗法是一个好方法，可以帮助我们解压，那就是去到大自然中去，去欣赏美景也好还是怎样，故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：到美丽的国家公园度假、露营、户外活动，甚至在当地的绿地上进行一次风景如画的散步来理清思绪，这些都是很受欢迎的做法。A. assistance“援助”；B. evidence“证据”；C. belief “信赖”；D. approach“接近”。根据下文“And recently, scientists have been studying the idea of nature therapy with a bit more seriousness than a dashed-off prescription (处方）for ”可知我们的祖先之前是通过自然疗法治疗一些疾病，所以他们体验过才传下来，那就是一些经验主义的经验，故选B。
（5）考查动词。句意：最近，科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方。A. cycling“骑行”；B. swimming“游泳”；C. adventure“冒险”；D. hike“远足”。根据语境可知科学家们一直在认真研究自然疗法的理念，而不是匆忙开出的远足处方来帮助人们治疗身体不健康或情绪低落。故选D。
（6）考查形容词。句意：我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界…超过50%的人生活在城市地区(到2050年将增加到70%)，城市化的增加与精神疾病，尤其是焦虑和抑郁水平的增加有关。A. removed“远离的”；B. rid“摆脱”；C. driven“被动的”；D. dropped“下降”。根据“more than 50% of people live in urban areas (increasing to >70% by 2050”以及第一空选项可知我们现在远离我们祖先的自然世界。故选A。
（7）考查形容词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. more“更多的”；B. less“更少的”；C. similar“相似的”；D. negative“消极的”。在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关。故选B。
（8）考查副词。句意：在一项长达20年的大型研究中发现，在一个不太严重的压力环境中长大与之相关，而接触绿地对幸福感有显著的积极影响。A. dominantly“支配地”；B. lively“活泼的”；C. merely“仅仅”；D. significantly“显著地”。多接触大自然对我们来说是好的，所以选择一个积极色彩的程度副词，故选D。
（9）考查名词。句意：威斯康辛州一项关于心理健康和社区绿地的大型调查显示，大自然的可及性与较低程度的抑郁、焦虑和压力之间存在显著的相关性。A. exposure“暴露”；B. link“环节”；C. availability“可用性”；D. necessity“必然性”。对应上文的exposure to greenspace 的exposure，故选C。
（10）考查动词。句意：但是，确切地说，暴露在绿色空间中如何帮助我们放松呢?A. tolerate“容忍”；B. unwind“放松”；C. swing“摇摆”；D. resolve“溶解”。选择一个跟relax相近的词，故选B。
（11）考查形容词。句意：一半人在繁忙的街道上行走，另一半人则在美丽的山峦和海湾中散步。A. causal“原因的”；B. earnest“认真的”；C. upright“正直的”；D. scenic“风景优美的”。故选D。
（12）考查动词。A. reduced“减少”；B. increased“增加”；C. intensified“加强”；D. balanced“平衡”。既然接触大自然是可以治疗疾病，再根据“This area of the brain is associated with rumination, or worrying on the same issues over and over, a problem described often in depressive and anxiety disorders. ”应该是会让他们减少压抑感。故选A。
（13）考查动词短语。句意：所以，在这个世界和环境中，我们的大脑在加班加点地工作，我们思考，反复思考，担心，接触大自然似乎让我们忘记了自己的头脑，这可能会带来积极的纵向效益。A. turn on“打开”；B. get over“克服”；C. draw on“利用”；D. roll over“翻滚”。我们会去想很多事情，而这些是让我们变压抑的原因。故选D。
（14）考查名词。句意：在未来高度城市化的世界里，设计无障碍、安全的绿地可能有助于人们的心理健康，保护我们的自然景观供我们的子孙后代享用，这将继续是一个国家必须做的事情。A. communities“社区”；B. facilities“设备”；C. greenspaces“绿地”；D. transportations“交通工具”。全文都在讲greenspace 对我们的影响，故选C。
（15）考查介词短语。句意：简而言之，一张周末远足的处方可能对大脑有一些可测量的好处。A. In a word“总之”；B. For instance“例如”；C. In the meantime“在此期间”；D. In particular“特别”。最后作者做出总结，（号召）大家多多接触大自然，进而减少城市化带给我们的焦虑感。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
七、【答案】 leaves；that；meaning；has grown；excitement；But；the；like；to step；rapidly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大自然会让人感觉很好。
（1）考查名词。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
（2）考查同位语从句。分析句子，可知此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义，只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。
（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以mean要用非谓语动词，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
（4）考查时态。根据时间状语so far，要用现在完成时，the number做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
（5）考查名词。空白前面of 是介词，后面接名词，故填excitement。
（6）考查连词。句意：城市是很好的地方，充满兴奋，动力和能量。但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。
（7）考查冠词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力。the+比较级，the+比较级固定句式，“越……，就越……”。故填the。
（8）考查介词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。like作介词时意为“像”。故填like。
（9）考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.固定短语，“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
（10）考查副词。分析句子可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing world，故填rapidly。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，同位语从句，非谓语动词，时态，名词，连词，冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
八、【答案】 ①of后加a ②删除on ③meaningfully →meaningful ④choose →chose⑤preparing →prepared ⑥it →them ⑦plant →plants ⑧but →and ⑨grown →growing ⑩what →how
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者参加“绿色社区，美丽家园”的活动的经历。
①考查冠词。句意：我在社区看到一个写有“绿色社区，美丽家园”的海报。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词。且poster首字母的发音为辅音因素。故在of后加a。
②考查定语从句。句意：我在社区看到一个写有“绿色社区，美丽家园”的海报。先行词为poster，在定语从句中作主语，所以只需用which引导，故删除on。
③考查形容词。句意：我发现这个活动很有意义，决定参加。作宾补修饰activity，所以用形容词。故meaningfully 改为meaningful。
④考查时态。句意：因为妈妈喜欢花，所以我们选择了月季。描述过去的事情，从句用的was，所以用一般过去时态。故choose改为chose。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：一切就绪，我认真的种植并浇水。with的宾语everything和prepare之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故preparing改为prepared。
⑥考查代词。句意：一切就绪，我认真的种植并浇水。指代复数名词seedlings，所以用them做宾语。故将it 改为them。
⑦考查名词。句意：现在照顾植物成了我生活的一部分。plant为可数名词，用复数形式表泛指。故plant改为plants。
⑧考查连词。句意：这样，我就能感受到生活的简单乐趣，收获成就感。所以前后是并列关系，所以用and连接。故but改为and。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：幼苗一点点长大。seedlings与grow生长是主动关系，所以用现在分词和are构成现在进行时态。故grown 改为growing。
⑩考查宾语从句。句意：我不禁想象当所有的花都开放时，我们的社区将会多么美丽。在从句中修饰形容词，表示“多么”，所以用how引导。故what改为how。
【点评】本题考点涉及冠词，定语从句，形容词，时态，非谓语动词，代词，名词，连词以及宾语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
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