人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精品精练

姓名：             班级                     

Unit5

5.3 Reading for Writing

一、基础巩固

I.单句语法填空

1.Her bosom________(rise) and fell as she breathed.

2.The determinate factor of our___________  (economic)is to control inflation.
3. The committee's support is an important factor in the __________(succeed) of the project.
4. We are ______ (base) in Chicago.
5. The company's headquarters is based ____ London.
6. I found ______ small leaf at the base of the flower.
7. Our mission was over, and ________ (go) back to our base.
8. This novel is based _____ historical facts.
9. __________ (science) have dated the fossils by their bone structure.
10. Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the bone________ (operate).
 

1.rose  2.economy  3.  success  4.based  5.in  6. a  7.went  8. on  9.Scientists                                                                   

 10. operation                    

II.从备选项中选择恰当的词汇，并用其适当形式填空。

备选项：

Despite many ups and downs in its history, China is widely known for its ancient ___________ One of the main factors that have made it possible is the Chinese writing system.
    At the beginning, written Chinese was a language which ____________ pictures. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which ____________were carved by ancient Chinese people.
    By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing __________. As time went by, different forms of writing and _______ of dialects and characters appeared. Later, Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states and the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
    Because of written Chinese, China's present is connected with its past. Chinese ____________, an art form of handwriting, has become an important part of Chinese culture.
    Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. With China playing a greater role in ______ affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to ___________China's culture and history through this amazing language.

 1.1.civilisation.   2.. was based on    3. symbols   4. system. 5. varieties  6. 6. calligraphy                                                                                     

    7. global     8. appreciate                 

III.语法填空：

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A zoo in Beijing has been treating 41.________ ageing orangutan (猩猩) using traditional Chinese massage (按摩) in hopes of helping her stand again.The orangutan，42.________(name)Pang Pang，has been suffering from diseases related to old age such as weak legs，resulting in great 43.________(difficult)in walking.

Before the treatment，the orangutan at Beijing Zoo could only crawl (爬行) on all fours to reach food.After a year of treatment，Pang Pang has shown more skilled 44.________(movement) with her arms and legs and can sometimes stand up to eat again，according to Beijing Youth Daily.Pang Pang can now move 45.________(fast) with her arms and legs than before.Sometimes，zookeepers would also place food between 60cm and 90cm above ground 46.________(encourage) Pang Pang to stand up and exercise her legs.

“In the past we have always brought in advanced technology 47.________ foreign  countries，” said zookeeper Wang Zheng，48.________  has cared for the animal for 15 years.“Chinese medicine 49.________(be) a unique school of its own. 50.________(hopeful)we can spread the use of these treatments to other zoos overseas，” he added.

【语篇解读】　语篇类型是记叙性说明文，主题语境是环境保护。本文介绍了北京的一所动物园使用传统中医疗法救助一只年迈的猩猩的故事。

41．an　[此处填不定冠词表泛指；因ageing为元音音素开头，故填an。]

42．named　[此处过去分词作后置定语，name与The orangutan是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用name的过去分词形式。]

43．difficulty　[根据空前in可知，此处应用difficult的名词形式。]

44．movements　[movement为可数名词，根据空前的more skilled可知此处用复数形式。]

45．faster　[根据than before可知，这里用fast的比较级。]

46．to encourage　[不定式短语在句中作目的状语。]

47．from　[该句句意为：我们过去总是从国外引进先进技术。根据句意可知，此处填from。]

48．who　[who引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。]

49．is　[此处描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；因medicine为不可数名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]

50．Hopefully　[空白处所填词作状语，修饰后面的整个句子，故用hopeful的副词形式。]

二、拓展提升

I.阅读理解

In 2012，I was 22 and doing a ski season in Ischgl，Austria.It had been snowing heavily for days，and no one could ski.Then the weather changed.On my day off，I woke to a clear blue sky and half a meter of fresh snow: a skier's dream.So，I went out with my friend Gordon.

We ran into some friends on snowboards.I suggested an area good for going skiing.My friends had nicknamed it Death Valley because avalanches (雪崩) could possibly take place there，but it was known for fresh snow.As an experienced skier，I was excited rather than concerned.

To get fresh tracks，I skied at the front when we were skiing.Suddenly I felt a rush of snow.I wasn't worried at the beginning because I thought one of the snowboarders had come down behind me and sprayed (飞溅) snow on me.But then the snow swept me up and I came to a stop face­down about one meter under the snow.I later found out it was an avalanche.It was terrible.I lied there unable to move.Nobody knew where I was or had any way of finding me.

After about 15 minutes，by pure chance，one of the boys hit the back of my leg.When they pulled me out，I wasn't breathing.I was later taken by helicopter to the hospital，where they blasted hot air across my body to warm me up.After 36 hours in hospital，I flew home to England and within a week I was back in Ischgl to finish the ski season.I just couldn't quit.

Looking back，I was really lucky.I now carry avalanche safety equipment when I ski，and I won't go out without checking the avalanche risk factor when the snow is heavy.Skiing is still my biggest passion (酷爱)，but I don't take risks any more.It's not worth it.

【语篇解读】　语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是人与自我之个人生活。作者在滑雪时遭遇了雪崩，得救后他学会了不盲目冒险。

4．Why did the author choose that area to ski?

A．It was his dream to ski there.

B．His friend seemed to love that area.

C．There was no other place for skiing.

D．He wanted to ski in the fresh track there.

D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的My friends had nicknamed it Death Valley...but it was known for fresh snow和第三段中的To get fresh tracks，I skied at the front when we were skiing可知，作者想去那里滑雪是因为那儿的滑雪道新鲜没有划痕。]

5．How did the author probably feel when the avalanche happened?

A．Concerned.　　　　　　 B．Relaxed.

C．Scared. D．Excited.

B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的Suddenly I felt a rush of snow.I wasn't worried at the beginning because I thought one of the snowboarders had come down behind me and sprayed snow on me...I later found out it was an avalanche可知，当雪崩发生时，作者并未察觉，而仍旧镇定自若地滑雪。]

6．What lesson did the author learn from that experience?

A．He should find a safer passion.

B．He should listen to others' advice.

C．He should never give up his dream.

D．He should reduce risks while skiing.

D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的I now carry avalanche safety equipment when I ski，and I won't go out without checking the avalanche risk factor when the snow is heavy可知，作者汲取了上次的教训，意识到滑雪时要降低风险。]

7．What would be the best title for the text?

A．My experience of being buried alive in an avalanche

B．An important lesson from my passion of skiing

C．My most unforgettable experience in my life

D．A lucky day it Ischgl

A　[标题判断题。结合全文可知，文章讲述了作者在一次滑雪时遭遇雪崩，被活埋的经历。]

C

Is your bedroom really hot? If it is，it may be affecting your memory，and other thinking skills.New research shows that sleeping in a hot room can affect the thinking ability of even healthy young adults.This finding comes from Harvard University.Researchers there looked at 24 students before，during and after a heat wave for 12 days.Of the 24 students，four slept in rooms with air­conditioning，also called “AC” for short.And 20 slept in rooms without AC.

Jose Guillermo led the study.He said they also used tools that recorded  physical activity，including heart rate，sweat，and some sleep conditions.The researchers also noted how much water the students drank and how much time they spent outside.

Basically，they found great harm to the thinking ability of the study participants (参与者) in rooms without AC.During the heat wave，students in buildings without AC performed on average 13 percent worse at the tests than those in cooler rooms. Specifically，the students who slept without AC during a heat wave were slower to respond and had difficulty making quick decisions.

Daisy Chang (who was not part of this study) is a psychologist at Michigan State University.She says there could be other reasons for their poor performance.“A lot of reasons could potentially explain this kind of exposure effect.It's not necessarily directly exposure to heat.The heat could have affected their sleep quality so they're less rested—they have less energy，or mental resources，or ability to focus.”

The rooms without AC had fans and open windows.So，they were louder at night.This could have made sleeping difficult.On the other hand，airconditioned rooms can hold higher levels of carbon dioxide.This can also affect a person's ability to think.However，the students slept better in a cooler room.

【语篇解读】　语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社会之科学发现。研究证明，人在闷热的房间睡觉会对思考能力产生消极影响。

8．According to the research，what is negatively affected if your bedroom is really hot?

A．Heart rate. B．Water intake.

C．Blood pressure. D．Thinking ability.

D　[细节理解题。根据第一段及第三段首句可知，研究发现，人们在没有空调的闷热房间里思考能力会下降。]

9．Why does the author mention Daisy Chang?

A．To show how the heat wave affects people.

B．To explain where the finding can be applied.

C．To indicate the finding needs to be further investigated.

D．To explain the reasons for the effect of exposure to heat.

C　[推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Daisy Chang 认为造成这种结果的原因也许是多方面的，仅仅是由于炎热就造成思考能力下降未免有些绝对，由此可知该研究结果还需要进一步考证。]

10．What does the underlined word “they” refer to?

A．The rooms without AC.

B．The fans and open windows.

C．The air conditioners themselves.

D．The students in rooms without AC.

A　[代词指代题。根据语境可知，这里的they指代前一句的主语The rooms without AC，没有空调的房间晚上通常开着电扇和窗户，这样噪音更大，不利于睡眠。]

11．What can we learn about the study?

A．Hot weather affects at­risk populations.

B．The study itself was carelessly prepared.

C．Its finding is contradictory and confusing.

D．Sleeping in hot rooms is bad for the brain.

D　[推理判断题。综合全文内容可知，不管其他科学家如何质疑炎热与思考能力之间的直接关系，在炎热环境中人类的思考能力确实降低了，这一点是公认的，所以D选项是正确的。]

Ⅱ.七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Memorizing an essay is a great way to pass tests and increase your overall knowledge.__16__ Here are some techniques to help you memorize an essay easily.

__17__ Start early when you need to memorize something.Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page.Master one section each day.Once you have memorized two sections separately，try putting them together.Then you will find memorizing the whole essay is not so hard.

Read the essay out loud to start learning it.Reading the essay out loud is important because it forces you to read and speak every single word in the essay.__18__

Test yourself after reading.After you have studied the text for a while，put it down，and recite (背诵)as much as you can from memory.At first，you may not remember much，but every time you practice，you will recall more and more.__19__If you miss a word or forget a line，he can prompt(提示)you by telling you the next word or two.

Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working.__20__ Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph，and then move back to the sentence or paragraph right before that one.

A．Memorize a little bit each day.

B．This will help you remember it.

C．Try writing out the essay once or twice.

D．Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end.

E．However，many students find it difficult to memorize an essay.

F．In addition，find a partner to test you on what you've memorized.

G．Memorizing something in one session is not the most effective way to learn it.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何背诵一篇文章。

16．E　[此空设于段中，与前一句形成逻辑上的转折关系。本空前一句介绍了背诵文章的重要性，而后一句提到了几个背诵文章的技巧，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子。此句意为：然而，很多学生觉得背诵一篇文章很难。]

17．A　[此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要是讲将文章分为几部分，然后每天背诵一部分，后文都是围绕此句展开说明的。]

18．B　[此空设于段尾，是本段的总结句。本段主要是讲大声朗读文章，且空前提出了大声朗读文章的原因，此句进一步总结大声朗读文章的作用。]

19．F　[此空设于段中，与后一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。后文中的he指代的是本句中的partner。]

20．D　[此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说如果从开头背诵不起作用的话就从结尾开始，此句进一步解释，有时候你会发现从结尾背诵更容易。]

III.完形填空

You may have heard the saying “One good turn deserves another.” It means that when someone __21__ you in a much needed situation，you should also give back when you get the right __22__.

Lanre and his wife had two children.Lanre was educated but __23__.He went for many __24__ but ended up getting unsatisfying results.He was always told to __25__  his contact number and wait for the future spare position.

One day，Lanre's children were sent home for not __26__ school fees (费用)．On the way to their house，the two kids saw a man  __27__  on the ground in pain.“He might be a drunk，” they thought.They were too __28__  to get close to the man，so they went home  __29__  and told their parents about that.Lanre and his wife were led to the man and seeing the man in such pain，they __30__ to help him.

Being given first aid，the man felt much better and then __31__  the sudden heart disease.He only told Lanre and his wife he was living in the city and went on a trip alone.__32__，the man was the CEO of Badmus Group of Companies!

Later，the man wanted to __33__ Lanre's home but failed to find his house.One day，he was reading the information of those who had been interviewed when he saw the __34__ of Lanre.He recognized him at once.

The man __35__ Lanre so much that he gave Lanre a  __36__  as the General Manager of his company.Lanre became well off __37__ his children rejoined the school.

Although Lanre helped the stranger，he didn't know he would be __38__ so well.It was his __39__ that led him to a better situation.So one good turn  __40__ another.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Lanre多次找工作未果，他的孩子也因交不起学费而被退学。一天，他救了一个倒在地上的突发心脏病的陌生人，此举使他得到了意想不到的回报。

21．A.greets B．helps

C．ignores D．recognizes

B　[作者是在解释One good turn deserves another.这个谚语。别人在你有需要的情况下帮助(help)了你，你要在有合适的机会时回报别人。]

22．A.advice B．direction

C．guidance D．opportunity

D　[参考上题解析。]

23．A.jobless B．lonely

C．impolite D．stubborn

A　[根据后文Lanre找工作多次未果的语境可知，Lanre虽然受过良好教育，但是依然没有工作(jobless)。]

24．A.activities B．meetings

C．competitions D．interviews

D　[根据语境可知，Lanre为了找工作进行了很多面试(interview)，但结果都不尽人意。]

25．A.notice B．change

C．leave D．remember

C　[根据后文的wait for the future spare position可知，Lanre总是被告诉留下(leave)联系方式，等待以后有空余的岗位。]

26．A.paying B．recording

C．calculating D．collecting

A　[根据语境可知，Lanre的孩子被遣送回家是因为他们没有付(paying)学费。]

27．A.standing B．jumping

C．lying D．singing

C　[根据语境可知，两个孩子在回家的路上看到有一个人躺(lying)在地上。]

28．A.scared B．tired

C．bored D．interested

A　[Lanre的孩子认为那人也许是个喝醉酒的人，害怕(scared)走近他。]

29．A.secretly B．strangely

C．suddenly D．immediately

D　[孩子们不敢走近，所以立即(immediately)回家告诉了父母。]

30．A.refused B．decided

C．feared D．pretended

B　[孩子们带Lanre夫妇找到了那个人，看到那个人很痛苦，Lanre夫妇应该是决定(decide)帮助他。]

31．A.suffered from B．recovered from

C．got used to D．became tired of

B　[根据the man felt much better可知，在急救之后，那个人渐渐好转，从突发的心脏病中恢复(recover from)过来。]

32．A.Actually B．Naturally

C．Unavoidably D．Unsurprisingly

A　[那个人只是告诉Lanre夫妇他住在这个城市，这次是独自出来旅行，没有透露其他信息。实际上(Actually)，他是一个公司的CEO。]

33．A.design B．drop by

C．decorate D．arrive at

B　[根据but failed to find his house可知，那个人想来Lanre家拜访(drop by)，但没找到位置。]

34．A.name B．letter

C．photo D．story

C　[根据后文的He recognized him at once.可知，那个人应该在看他公司求职的人的材料时，看到了Lanre的照片(photo)，一眼就认出了他。]

35．A.missed B．hated

C．admired D．thanked

D　[根据语境可知，Lanre之前帮助过他，他应该是很感谢(thank)Lanre。]

36．A.prize B．goal

C．choice D．position

D　[那个人非常感谢Lanre，所以给了他一个公司总经理的职位(position)。]

37．A.but B．and

C．or D．as

B　[根据语境可知，Lanre变得富裕起来，他的孩子也重新回到了学校。前后是并列关系，因此用and连接。]

38．A.cared B．praised

C．rewarded D．described

C　[Lanre帮助那个陌生人的时候，并没想到他会得到回报(reward)。]

39．A.kindness B．confidence

C．honesty D．intelligence

A　[根据语境可知，是Lanre的善良(kindness)改变了他自己的境况。]

40．A.causes B．requires

C．deserves D．exchanges

C　[Lanre的事例再次印证了文章开头提到的谚语One good turn deserves another.即：善有善报。]

IV.短文改错（此题供不同地区选择使用）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I used to feeling I was the sun in my family.But while my cousin was born，everyone pays more attention to her.So I disliked her and couldn't get along well with her.As time went on，I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.I tried to find a proper time to apologize.When my cousin's family came to my home a few day ago，I took my cousin to play outside.

In the way to the playground，I had bought many snacks for her.Then we began to chat.When we talked about their childhood，suddenly，I said “sorry” gentle.She was silent，so I thought that she hadn't heard me clearly.But after while she said，“Don't say that.In my memory，you are always friendly.”

[答案]

I used to  I was the sun in my family.But  my cousin was born，everyone  more attention to her.So I disliked her and couldn't get along well with her.As time went on，I realized  ridiculous I had been at that time.I tried to find a proper time to apologize.When my cousin's family came to my home a few  ago，I took my cousin to play outside.

 the way to the playground，I  bought many snacks for her.Then we began to chat.When we talked about  childhood，suddenly，I said “sorry” .She was silent，so I thought that she hadn't heard me clearly.But after   while she said，“Don't say that.In my memory，you are always friendly.”

①考查固定结构。“我”过去常常觉得自己是家里的太阳。used to do“过去常常做某事”。

归纳总结：used构成的易混结构：

used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”(to为不定式符号)；

be used to(doing)sth.“习惯于(做)某事”(to为介词)；

be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”(to为不定式符号)。

②考查连词。while(当……时)后面的从句谓语常用延续性动词，而born是短暂性动词，且根据句意可知，应把while改成when“当……时”。

③考查时态。整篇文章叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时，故把pays改为paid。

④考查名词性从句。该宾语从句是感叹句。由形容词ridiculous可知此处应用how修饰，表示程度，意为“多么”，而what修饰名词。

⑤考查名词的数。a few修饰可数名词复数，故要用days。

⑥考查介词。on the way to...意为“在去……的路上”，是固定搭配。

⑦考查时态。此处仅仅是叙述过去的情况，不强调动作的完成或动作发生的先后，应用一般过去时，故去掉had。

⑧考查代词。此处意为“我们谈论起我们的童年”，故用形容词性物主代词our。

⑨考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词said，故把gentle改为gently。

易错警示：许多考生一看题目，虽然知道要把形容词变为副词，但容易粗心大意，直接就在形容词后面加­ly，忘记了此类词的变化规则是“去e加­ly”，这是最容易失分的地方。常见的这类词有：possible—possibly；probable—probably；terrible—terribly；simple—simply等。

⑩考查固定短语。after a while意为“过了一会儿”，是固定短语。

V：话题作文：

假设你是李华，是英国某中学学生会主席，学校邀请了语言学教授Robert Dunn来校做一个题为“A Lecture on English Around the World”的讲座，你负责这个讲座的宣传工作，请按照以下要点编写一则海报。

内容包括：

1．讲座的基本信息(时间、地点、主讲人)；

2．讲座的环节(讲课、对话表演、提问)；

3．听该讲座的好处。

注意：

1．词数：100左右，海报题目已给出，不计入总词数；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

A Lecture on English Around the World

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[参考范文]　

A Lecture on English Around the World

It's an honor for our school to invite Robert Dunn，a professor who studies language，to give us a lecture at the school hall on October 10 at 9 o'clock in the morning.In the first part of the lecture，Robert will teach students some useful knowledge such as the development of English in different countries.And then，students will be asked to perform English dialogues.In the third part，those who have questions can ask Robert freely.The lecture can not only help students have a better understanding of English but also make them know how to communicate with English speakers around the world.