Unit 1　The mass media Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第二册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Unit 1　The mass media

Part 1　Welcome to the unit &Reading

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.It is very dangerous to　　　(释放) the nuclear waste water into the sea,which affects both humans and animals. 

2.We can enjoy glorious autumnal colors and kick around on a red, brown and gold 　　　(地毯) when walking out. 

3.Hardly had she walked out of the woods when she heard the strange 　　　(尖叫) coming from behind a tree. 

4.He won the first place in the race and c　　　 with excitement. 

5.The animals can choke or starve after becoming t　　　by fishing ropes or nets. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

dozens of; come about; for instance; bring...to light; to sum up; be committed to

1.　　　　　　, we should spare no effort to learn our lessons well at school. 

2.The president 　　　　　　perfecting the existing system of medical care so it can be made good use of. 

3.We are able to live a green life. 　　　　　　, we can get something repaired rather than buy a new one. 

4.After graduation, due to her high quality, she was picked from 　　　　　　applicants for the job. 

5.Companies should be made to 　　　　　　more about their financial position so people can know them more clearly. 

6.The manager came over and asked the customers how the quarrel 　　　　　　. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.Though desperate for a break, they have to hold on at such a 　　　　　　(criticize) moment. 

2.The manager gave him all the material he needed to carry out the 　　　　　　(construct). 

3.The government has undertaken to solve unemployment as a 　　　　　　(prior)in response to people's demands. 

4.Out of 　　　　　　(curious), I am eager to know the truth. 

5.We discussed the problem three or four times, but came to no 　　　　　　(conclude). 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.作为一个民族,德国人常常被认为有良好的组织性。

The Germans, as a nation, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　well organized. 

2.我正要离开,这时看见他朝我跑来,手里拎着包。

I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I saw him running towards me with a bag in his hand. 

3.作为一名医生,帮助人们摆脱困境是钟南山毕生的使命。

As a doctor,　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　people out of trouble. 

Ⅴ.课文语法填空

　　A fire 　1　(break) out in the Henderson Tower, starting from the 8th floor and 　2　(spread) quickly through the tower block on Sunday night. 　3　 has been confirmed that 4 people are dead and dozens of people are injured, 5 of 　4　 are in a critical condition. The fire was started by a 　5　(drop) cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor and it is 　6　(current)being investigated further. 

News reports on 　7　 same events usually contain different or even contradictory information, because journalists decide on different 　8　(priority), which would affect how they report an event. So facing such 　9　(fact) differences, do not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information. Checking different sources enables us 　10　(draw) a more informed conclusion. 

In a word, when we read news reports, we should be critical news readers.

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021山东济宁高二上期末,)

“Instagram(a social networking app) will cut out many users' accounts on December 20. To protect your account, repost this warning #KeepMyAccountSafe.” Every few months, it happens again—dozens of annoying posts from my kids' friends suddenly start to appear on my Instagram news feed.

According to a new study by Stanford University, most kids don't know what news is false.Researchers asked more than 7,800 middle school and high school students to complete 56 tasks, like distinguishing an advertisement from a real news story on a website and determining which blog in a series was most reliable.They found that students judged the credibility of blogs based not on the source of the material, but on how much detail they contained, or whether a large photo was attached.

“Many people assume that because young people are fluent in social media, they can distinguish fake news, but our work shows the opposite to be true,” wrote the lead study author Sam Wineburg, a professor at Stanford's Graduate School of Education.

Both Google and Facebook are now taking steps to prevent misleading news from making its way on their platforms, but they won't be able to eliminate it completely.That is why it's now more important than ever to teach our kids to think critically when it comes to believing various information sources.

“In the coming months, we look forward to sharing our assessments and working with educators to create materials that will guide young people in the sea of disinformation they encounter online,” said Wineburg.

1.How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?

A.By stating opinions.

B.By showing findings.

C.By quoting sayings.

D.By citing a post.

2.According to researchers, what determines the credibility of online information?

A.The source of the material.

B.The popularity of the website.

C.The amount of detail.

D.The size of relevant photos.

3.What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 4?

A.Digest. B.Update.

C.Estimate. D.Remove.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.Stronger Together: The Internet Changes Our Life

B.Be Careful: Kids Are Bad at Identifying Fake News

C.Reliable News Has No Place on Social Media

D.Educators Have a Long Way to Go to Guide the Young

B

(2021北京高二学业考试,)

Skeptics(怀疑论者) are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people spread nothing but bad news about the environment, say skeptics. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting world views.

Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it describes the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to make the public confused about issues like global warming.

So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with a specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials was incredible”.

A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as it is blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world is partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

5.According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?

A.People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.

B.People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

C.People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

D.People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.

6.Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?

A.The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.

B.Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

C.The author convinces people to speak comforting world views.

D.The industry-funded media present confusing information.

7.The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to 　　　　. 

A.find fault with Lomborg's book

B.voice a different opinion

C.challenge the authority of the media

D.point out the value of scientific views

8.What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

A.To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

B.To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness with reviews.

C.To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information.

D.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021辽宁大连高二上期末,)

It's important to spend time talking to your teen about the news and how the media works. Studies show kids experience fewer harmful effects when they've been taught basic media literacy skills.　1　 

Encourage critical thinking.Encourage your teen to question the information he's reading.Ask him to consider who wrote the story and why that person may have written it.

Discuss advertising techniques.　2　 Promising that a product will help you look beautiful or be more popular, for instance, is often part of the message. 

Teach your teen to look at all the information.　3　 It helps to learn more about who produced the content.Also, show your teen how to look at photographs more closely. Just a picture paired with an article doesn't mean the picture was taken at the factual event being discussed in the story. 

Look at websites together.　4　 And discuss how to tell news stories from the sponsored content.Read articles together and talk about the messages that you're viewing. 

　5　 Make sure your teen is aware that many writers get paid by the page view.Click-bait headlines are intended to get traffic, rather than provide quality information. Explain how many writers are trying to sell products, rather than report the facts. 

A.Watch your teen's use.

B.Here are the ways you can refer to.

C.Mention the ways to check stories online.

D.Discuss people's reasons for creating the content.

E.Sit down with your teen and view popular news sites.

F.Emphasise the importance of looking at the “about us” page on a website.

G.Talk about the methods companies use to convince people to buy their products.

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

答案全解全析

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.release　2.carpet　3.scream　4.choked　5.trapped

Ⅱ.1.To sum up　2.is committed to　3.For instance　4.dozens of

5.bring to light　6.came about

Ⅲ.1.critical　考查形容词。句意:虽然他们很想休息一下,但在这样的关键时刻他们不得不坚持住。名词moment前应用形容词修饰。故填critical。

2.construction　考查名词。句意:经理给了他施工所需的所有材料。carry out后接名词作宾语。故填construction。

3.priority　考查名词。句意:政府承诺优先解决失业问题,以响应人民的要求。介词as后接名词作宾语。故填priority。

4.curiosity　考查名词。句意:出于好奇,我渴望知道真相。out of curiosity意为“出于好奇”。故填curiosity。

5.conclusion　考查名词。句意:这个问题我们讨论了三、四次,但没有得出结论。come to no conclusion没有得出结论。故填conclusion。

Ⅳ.1.are often thought to be

2.was about to leave when

3.it's Zhong Nanshan's lifelong mission to help

Ⅴ.1.broke　考查动词时态。on Sunday night表示过去的时间,所以谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填broke。

2.spreading　考查非谓语动词。根据starting可知,连词and连接并列的现在分词在句中作状语。故填spreading。

3.It　考查代词。此处应用代词it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填It。

4.whom　考查定语从句。关系词代替先行词dozens of people在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语,且指人,所以用关系代词whom。故填whom。

5.dropped　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,火灾是由一个掉落在九楼的地毯上的烟头引起的,目前正在进一步调查中。动词drop与cigarette end之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填dropped。

易错分析

　　此处易误填dropping,原因在于没有弄清楚cigarette end与drop之间的关系。此处是烟头被掉落,所以用过去分词。同时,还应注意drop的分词形式需双写p。

6.currently　考查副词。根据空前的it is 和空后的being investigated 可知,这里应用副词作状语。故填currently。

7.the　考查冠词。形容词same前通常用定冠词the。故填the。

8.priorities　考查名词复数。根据different可知,此处应用复数名词。故填priorities。

9.factual　考查形容词。名词differences前应用形容词修饰。故填factual。

10.to draw　考查非谓语动词。动词enable后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to draw。

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现,大多数孩子不知道什么新闻是假的。文章指出我们应当教会孩子们在相信各种信息来源时进行批判性思考。

1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,“12月20日,Instagram将删除许多用户的账户。为了保护你的账户,请转发这个警告#KeepMyAccountSafe 。”每隔几个月,这种情况就会再次发生——孩子的朋友们发布的很多烦人的帖子会突然出现在我的Instagram新闻推送中。所以推断出,作者通过引用一篇帖子来引出文章的主题。故选D。A项“通过陈述观点”、B项“通过展示调研结果”和C项“通过引用名言”均与第一段不符。

2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句They found that students judged the credibility of blogs based not on the source of the material, but on how much detail they contained, or whether a large photo was attached.可知,他们发现学生们判断博客的可信度不是基于材料的来源,而是基于它们包含多少细节,或者是否附有一张大照片;结合倒数第二段最后一句That is why it's now more important than ever to teach our kids to think critically when it comes to believing various information sources.可知,那就是为什么现在比以往任何时候都更重要的是教我们的孩子在相信各种信息来源时进行批判性思考。由此推断出,研究人员认为,是材料的来源决定了网络信息的可信度。故选A。B项“网站的受欢迎程度”是文章没有提及的信息;C项“细节的数量”和D项“相关照片的大小”是学生决定网络信息可信度的标准。

3.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的Both Google and Facebook are now taking steps to prevent misleading news from making its way on their platforms, but they won't be able to可知,谷歌和Facebook现在都在采取措施阻止误导性新闻在它们的平台上传播,but表示转折,说明谷歌和Facebook都采取了措施,但是不可能完全消除这些新闻。所以推断出eliminate与remove同义,意为“消除”。A项“消化”;B项“更新”;C项“估计”,均与语境不符。故选D。

4.B　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章第一段用一篇帖子引出主题,后面介绍斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现大多数孩子不知道什么新闻是假的,并且指出,我们应当教会孩子们在相信各种信息来源时进行批判性思考。所以推断出,B项“小心:孩子们不擅长识别假新闻”与文章主旨相符。故选B。

【高频词汇】　1.cut out 删去;裁剪　2.account n.账户;解释;账目　3.distinguish v.区分;辨别　4.reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的

5.fake adj.假的;冒充的　6.opposite n.对立面;反面

长难句分析

原句　“In the coming months, we look forward to sharing our assessments and working with educators to create materials that will guide young people in the sea of disinformation they encounter online,” said Wineburg.

分析　本句中to create materials...是动词不定式短语作目的状语;that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词materials;they encounter online是省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词disinformation。

句意　“在未来的几个月里,我们期待着分享我们的评估,并与教育工作者合作以创作一些材料,给处于在网上遇到的虚假信息的海洋中的年轻人提供指导,”Wineburg说。

B

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。怀疑论者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。Bjorn Lomborg的新书认为现在地球的环境状态良好,而《自然》杂志认为他所使用的材料未经审查,结果并不可信。作者认为新闻媒体应该呈现所有的客观信息让人们做出自己的决定。

5.C　细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment可知,他们中的一些人拒绝承认人类活动对环境的严重威胁。所以可知,一些怀疑论者拒绝承认人类活动对环境的严重威胁,C项“不相信地球的严重状况的人”与之相符。故选C。根据第一段最后一句可知,关于地球的令人沮丧的消息所带来的“生态内疚”使怀疑论者在人们寻找更令人欣慰的世界观时受到欢迎,所以A项中的“eco-guilt”不是怀疑论者的观点;B项“不喜欢人类活动的有害影响的人”和D项“传播令人欣慰的新闻来保护环境的人”均与题意不符。

6.B　推理判断题。由第二段第三句Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.可知,另一个解释是一些有特殊利益的大企业财大气粗。故选B项。由第二段第二句可知这本书认为世界真实的状态是好的,故A项错误;C项“作者说服人们说令人欣慰的世界观”和D项“由行业资助的媒体展示令人困惑的信息”在文中均未体现。

7.B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知《自然》杂志上的一篇评论说Lomborg先生对未经审查的材料的偏爱令人难以相信。由此推断出,作者提到《自然》杂志上的评论是为了表达不同的观点。故选B项。A项“对Lomborg的书吹毛求疵”、C项“挑战媒体的权威”和D项“指出科学观点的价值”显然与作者的意图不符。

8.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,怀疑论者拒绝承认人类活动对环境的严重威胁。Bjorn Lomborg的新书认为现在地球的环境状态良好,而《自然》杂志认为他所使用的材料未经审查,结果并不可信。结合最后一段第一句A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.可知,批判的眼光是很有价值的,媒体应该以一种能够让人们做出明智决定的方式来呈现信息。由此推断出,作者认为媒体应该客观地呈现所有信息(让人们做出决定)。故选A项。

【高频词汇】　1.discouraging adj.使人沮丧的;令人气馁的

2.declare v.宣布,声明　3.interest n.好处;利益;兴趣;关注

4.be contrary to与……相反　5.specific adj.特殊的,特定的

6.incredible adj.难以置信的

长难句分析

原句　The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting world views.

分析　本句为主从复合句,其中brought on by the discouraging news about our planet是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰eco-guilt,as引导时间状语从句。

句意　关于地球的令人沮丧的消息所带来的“生态内疚”使怀疑论者在人们寻找更令人欣慰的世界观时受到欢迎。

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,当孩子们被教给基本的媒体读写技能时,他们经历的有害影响更少。文章主要就如何帮孩子培养媒体读写技能提供了一些方法。

1.B　根据前文可知,花时间和你的孩子谈论新闻和媒体如何运作是很重要的。研究表明,当孩子们被教给基本的媒体读写技能时,他们经历的有害影响更少。结合下文提出具体的培养孩子媒体读写技能的方法可知,B项“这里有一些你可以参考的方法”符合语境,承上启下。故选B。

2.G　根据上一句“Discuss advertising techniques.”可知,本段主要是讨论广告技术;结合下一句“Promising that a product will help you look beautiful or be more popular, for instance, is often part of the message.”可知,例如,承诺一款产品会让你看起来漂亮或更受欢迎,通常是信息的一部分。因此推断出本句是在说明广告是公司用来说服人们购买产品的方法。G项中的products对应后文中的product。所以G项“谈论公司用来说服人们购买他们产品的方法”符合语境,承上启下。故选G。

3.F　根据上一句“Teach your teen to look at all the information.”可知,本段是关于教你的孩子看所有的信息的;结合下一句“It helps to learn more about who produced the content.”可知,它有助于更多地了解谁制作了这些内容。所以本句应是在说要了解是谁制作了网站的内容。其中It指代F项中的looking at the “about us” page on a website。所以F项“强调查看网站上的‘关于我们'页面的重要性”符合语境,承上启下。故选F。

4.E　根据下一句“And discuss how to tell news stories from the sponsored content.”可知,此处提到了新闻故事,所以可知这是在观看新闻网站。句中的news stories对应E选项中的news。因此E项“和你的孩子坐下来,看看流行的新闻网站”符合语境,引出下文。故选E。

5.D　根据后文可知,确保你的孩子知道许多作者通过页面浏览量获得报酬。标题党是为了获得流量,而不是提供高质量的信息。解释有多少作者试图推销产品,而不是报道事实。所以推断出,本段主要是让孩子了解人们在网上创作内容背后的原因。因此D项“讨论人们创作内容的原因”符合语境,引出下文。故选D。

【高频词汇】　1.technique n.技巧,技术　2.content n.内容,目录

3.view v.观看　4.headline n.标题　5.rather than 而不是

长难句分析

原句　It's important to spend time talking to your teen about the news and how the media works.

分析　本句的句型为:It is +形容词+to do sth.,其中It作形式主语,动词不定式短语to spend time...作真正的主语;how the media works是how引导的宾语从句,作介词about的宾语。

句意　花时间和你的孩子谈论新闻和媒体如何工作是很重要的。