译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit1预习新知早知道1课件+学案

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

1．critical　　  A．adj. 轻微的，次要的

2．release   B．adj. 正确无误的；精确的

3．extend   C．vt.& vi. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽，

 (尤指感情激动而)说不出话来

4．minor   D．vt.&vi. 侦查，调查，研究

5．choke   E．adj. 事实的，真实的

6．factual   F．vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥

7．investigate   G．n. 好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品

8．contradict   H．adj.批评的，批判性的；

 关键的；危急的

9．accurate   I．vi.& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；

 延长；伸展

10．curiosity   J．vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄

 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏

[答案]　1－5　HJIAC　6－10　EDFBG

B．短语匹配

1．put out　 A．(战争、疾病、火灾等的)突然发生

2．break out   B．例如，比如

3．dozens of   C．(铃、爆竹等)响；爆炸；离开；

 (食物等)变质；变差；不再喜欢

4．go off   D．总结，概括

5．rely on   E．发生

6．come about F．很多，许多

7．for instance  G．揭露，披露

8．bring sth.to light   H．熄灭；扑灭

9．sum up   I．致力于

10．be committed to   J．依靠，依赖

[答案]　1－5　HAFCJ　6－10　EBGDI

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼

2．construction  n. 建筑，建造；建造物

3．bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆

4．scream  vi.& vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音

n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音

5．bark vi. (狗)吠叫 vt.厉声发令 n．(狗)吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮

6．cigarette n. 香烟

7．carpet n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西

8．differ vi. 相异；意见相左

9．conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成

10．false adj. 错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的

Ⅰ.语境填空

bath；ambulance；trap；factual；critical；automatic；false；minimum；released

1．All of the automatic body functions，even breathing，are affected.

2．Passengers may only take aboard the aircraft a minimum of hand luggage.

3．In this situation，critical media education appears especially important.

4．How much do you charge a room with a bath?

5．He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.

6．I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released．

7．The essay contains a number of factual errors.

8．They suspect him of giving false evidence and want to ask him the reason.

9．People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．The poor woman made a commitment(commit)that she would take care of her children for ever.

2．As a representative of resettled people，I support the construction(construct)of the project.

3．The little boy，out of curiosity(curious)，took the radio set apart.

4．From the evidence I could draw the conclusion(conclude) that you're wrong.

5．Eventually，he came face to face with discrimination(discriminate) again.

1．Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5，according to figures released by emergency services.

根据应急服务部门发布的数字，人们越来越担心死亡人数可能达到5人。

2．Mr.Peterson，head of the fire service，confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster.

消防服务系统负责人彼得森证实，9楼地毯上掉落的一支香烟头引发了火灾，火灾自动报警器没有迅速发出警报，无法防止灾难发生。

3．It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities，which would influence how they report an event.

值得注意的是，记者可能有不同优先权，这会影响他们报道的事情。

4．News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light.

随着新的事实不断被披露，在一个事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。

5．With great discrimination，every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.

如果拥有很好的辨别能力，我们每个人都有潜力成为一个有批判性的新闻读者。

词语助读

①critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的

②trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼

③release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏

④ambulance n. 救护车

⑤extend vi.& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大……的范围；扩大；延长；伸展

⑥construction  n. 建筑，建造；建造物

⑦dozen n. 许多；一打，十来个

dozens of 很多，许多

⑧minor adj. 轻微的，次要的

⑨bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆

⑩scream  vi.& vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音 n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音

⑪bark vi. (狗)吠叫vt.厉声发令 n．(狗)吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮

⑫choke vt.& vi. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽，(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来

⑬service n．公共服务系统；公共事业 v．检修；维护

⑭cigarette n. 香烟

⑮carpet n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西

⑯automatic adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的

⑰investigate vt.&vi.侦查，调查，研究

⑱come about发生

⑲journalist n. 新闻记者，新闻工作者

⑳priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点

contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥

factual adj. 根据事实的，真实的

instance n. 例子，事例

for instance 例如，比如

differ vi. 相异；意见相左

conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成

false adj. 错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不忠诚的

bring sth.to light揭露，披露

minimum n. 最小值，最少量 adj.最低的，最小的

maximum n. 最大量，最大限度adj. 最高的，最多的

sum vt. 总结，概括 n. 金额，款项；总和，总数；全部

sum up 总结，概括

accurate adj. 正确无误的；精确的

commit vt. 承诺，保证；犯(罪)；花(钱或时间)vi. 全身心投入，忠于

be committed to 致力于

discrimination n. 辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待

课本原文

Be a critical① news reader!

10 July

Firefighters put out tower block fire

Firefighters quickly put out the Henderson Tower fire last night.The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped②. [1] Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5，according to figures released③ by emergency services.[2] Fire engines and ambulances④，called at 9：30 p．m.，reached the scene within 15 minutes.By this time，the fire had extended⑤ to the 15th floor.Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p．m.There is concern that the construction⑥ company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.[3]

[1]句中which引导非限制性定语从句，现在分词短语leaving people on the upper floors trapped作结果状语，过去分词trapped作宾语补足语。

[2]that引导的从句作fears的同位语，过去分词短语released by emergency services作后置定语，修饰figures。

[3]句中第一个that引导的从句作concern的同位语，第二个that引导的从句作company的定语且that在从句中作主语不能省略。

11 July

Deadly fire in tower block causes serious damage

A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night，leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.Emergency services estimate that the number of deaths could reach 9.By this morning，4 people have been confirmed dead.The fire has also left dozens⑦ of people injured，5 of whom are in a critical condition.Lisa Mayer，29，is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor⑧injuries.She recalled，“I was about to have a bath⑨ when I heard people screaming⑩ and dogs barking⑪. [4] I looked outside and the smoke was choking⑫ me.It was like an awful dream.”

[4]was/were about to do...when...“就要做……这时……”，when引导时间状语从句。

Mr.Peterson，head of the fire service⑬，confirms that a dropped cigarette⑭ end on a carpet⑮ of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic⑯ fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. [5] A team is currently investigating⑰ the accident further.

[5]head of the fire service作Mr.Peterson的同位语，两个that引导宾语从句，第二个that不能省略，过去分词dropped作定语修饰cigarette end。

Reading news reports critically

We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us.[6]However，we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information.How do these differences come about⑱？

[6]what is happening in the world around us是由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。

It is advisable to remember that journalists⑲ may have different priorities⑳，which would influence how they report an event. [7] Let's take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an example.We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts，while the second talks more about deaths and injuries. [8] When we read more than one report，we come to understand an event in a more comprehensive way.

[7]it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，that引导宾语从句。

[8]该句中while意为“而，然而”，表示对比。

Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective，they may contradict㉑ each other in terms of factual㉒ details，as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. [9] For instance㉓，the numbers of deaths differ㉔ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire.When we come across such factual differences，we should not rush to the conclusion㉕ that one of the news reports gives false㉖ information. [10] Instead，check when the reports were written.News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light㉗. [11] Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently.Suppose emergency services' estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9.Journalists may choose to present the minimum㉘，the maximum㉙ or something in between in their news reports.Therefore，checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed conclusion.

[9]该句是较为复杂的复合句，第一个逗号前面是even if引导的让步状语从句，第二个逗号后面是as引导的原因状语从句，逗号之间是主句。

[10]主句是we should not rush to the conclusion，其前面是when引导的时间状语从句，后面是that引导的同位语从句。

[11]过去分词短语written at different stages of an event作定语，修饰News reports，as意为“随着……”，引导时间状语从句。

To sum㉚ up，it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages，which brings us a more accurate㉛ understanding of a situation. [12] We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly trust what we have read.Though journalists are committed㉜ to presenting the truth，it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.With great discrimination㉝，every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.

[12]不定式短语To sum up作目的状语；不定式短语to read news reports...作主语，it作形式主语；过去分词短语written from various perspectives and at different stages作定语，修饰reports；which引导非限制性定语从句。

译文参考

做一个有批判性的新闻读者！

六月十号

消防队员扑灭了大楼大火

消防队员昨晚迅速扑灭了亨德森楼的大火。周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。根据应急服务部门发布的数字，人们越来越担心死亡人数可能达到5人。晚上9：30人们拨打了求救电话，消防车和救护车在15分钟内到达了现场。截至此时，火势已蔓延到十六楼。消防员在晚上11点左右控制住了局势。 有人担心建造塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。

六月十一号

大楼发生致命火灾造成严重破坏

周日晚上发生了一场可怕的火灾，导致亨德森楼严重受损。应急服务部门估计死亡人数可能达到9人。到今天早上，已经确认有4人死亡。火灾还造成数十人受伤，其中5人伤势严重。29岁的莉萨·梅耶是幸运儿之一，她只受了轻伤。她回忆说，“我正要洗澡，突然听到人们尖叫和狗吠。我看了看外面，烟呛得我喘不过气来。这就像一个可怕的梦。”

消防服务部门负责人彼得森证实，九楼地毯上掉落的一支香烟头引发了火灾，火灾自动报警器没有迅速发出警报，无法防止灾难发生。一个小组正在对事故进行进一步调查。

批判性地阅读新闻报道

我们依靠新闻来了解我们周围发生的事情。然而，我们通常会发现，对同一事件的报道包含不同甚至矛盾的信息。这些差异是如何产生的？

值得注意的是，记者有不同优先权，这会影响他们报道一件事。让我们以亨德森楼火灾的两个新闻报道为例。我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更多地关注救援工作，而第二篇则更多地谈论伤亡的人。当我们阅读一份以上的报告时，我们会更全面地理解一个事件。

即使新闻报道是从基本相同的角度写的，它们也可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的和不断变化的。例如，亨德森楼火灾的两篇新闻报道的死亡人数有所不同。当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应该急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误的信息。相反，请检查报告的编写时间。随着新的事实被披露，在同一个事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。另一个值得一提的方面是，记者可能会用不同的方法来处理他们从研究或采访中得到的数据。假设急救部门估计的死亡人数在5到9之间，那么记者可以选择在新闻报道中呈现最小值、最大值或介于两者之间的数值。因此，核对不同的信息来源使我们能够得出更有见地的结论。

综上所述，从不同视角、不同阶段阅读新闻报道是明智的，这能使我们更准确地了解情况。我们还需要对我们收到的信息持批评态度，记住不要盲目相信我们读到的东西。尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。如果拥有很好的辨别能力，我们每个人都有潜力成为一个有批判性的新闻读者。