译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit1突破语法大冲关课件+学案

过去完成时

一、过去完成时的构成

过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。

二、过去完成时的基本用法

1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。

When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years.

沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。

2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。

It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.

很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。

3．表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。

I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.

昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。

4．常使用过去完成时的句型

(1)This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事

It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.

那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。

(2)It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了

It was exactly five years since her father had died.

从她父亲去世到现在正好满五年。

(3)hardly(scarcely)...when.../no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang.

他刚一进房间电话铃就响了。

[名师点津]　若把句型中的hardly，scarcely，no sooner提前放在句首，主句用部分倒装，即提前助动词had。

Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.

我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。

[即学即练1]　完成句子

①我本希望昨晚回来的，但我没有赶上火车。

I had hoped to be back last night，but I didn't catch a train.

②这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.

③到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。

By the end of last week，they had finished the work．

三、过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

1．过去完成时和现在完成时都表示一个完成的动作，强调的是某动作发生的结果，但它们参照的终止时间不同：过去完成时指到过去的某时间点为止已发生或完成的动作；现在完成时指到现在为止已发生或完成的动作。

He had learned advanced mathematics by himself before he went to university.

上大学之前他已经自学了高等数学。

He has already known the result，so you needn't tell him about it.

他已经知道结果了，所以你没必要跟他说了。

2．现在完成时和一般过去时都是发生于跟现在相对照而言的过去，但现在完成时强调的是已发生的动作对现在仍有影响；一般过去时仅强调在过去曾经发生过这个动作，不强调对现在的影响。

I don't want to go to the cinema，for I have seen that film already.

我不想去看电影了，因为我早已看过那部影片了。

He once worked as a teacher for 5 years，but now he is a successful manager.

他曾经做过5年教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.

②In the last few years，China has made (make)great achievements in environmental protection.

③I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started (start) when I arrived.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A boy on a bike caught (catch) my attention.He was riding (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms.

2．It is the third time that you have been (be)late for work this week，isn't it?

3．In 1931，Addams became (become)the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

4．When I was a teenager，I played (play)table tennis almost every day.

5．I had planned (plan)to go on a trip to Beijing but I couldn't afford the time.

6．By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun (begin)to make a living by himself.

7．Where have you been? We had expected (expect)you to come back much earlier.

8．He broke (break) a glass while he was cleaning (clean)up the table yesterday.

9．When I entered the classroom，the lecture had begun (begin)and the audience were listening (listen)carefully and with interest.

10．It has been three years since we became (become)good friends.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

A cow and a fox went out to search for food together. They 1.had gone(go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way. They were both very frightened. The fox 2.thought(think) of a way of saving his own life，and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I 3.will help(help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free.” The lion 4.agreed(agree)，and the fox then led the cow by a hidden pit(坑)，which a hunter 5.had dug(dig) as a trap for wild animals，and the cow 6.fell(fall) into it. When the lion saw that the cow 7.had been caught(catch) and couldn't get away，he 8.turned(turn) his attention to the fox. He soon finished him off，and then 9.went(go) on to eat the cow.

Betray(背叛) a friend，and you'll often find you 10.have destroyed(destroy) yourself.