英语必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计

这是一份英语必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计，共23页。教案主要包含了策略学习，素养提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高一英语主题语境+策略运用+素养提升4合1必刷题07
主题语境：工作职业 策略学习：阅读理解之文章大意题的解答
【策略学习】
文章大意题
文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
策略1：主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句

(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
转折词
如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
策略2：高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
策略3：逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
1. 正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文
2. 错误选项特征
(1)以偏概全，主次不分
(2)无中生有，曲解文意
【典例】　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Some parents will buy any high－tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents’ income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher－income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method.
B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist.
D. A teaching program.
【分析】
·第一步　读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。
·第二步　利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的是一项科学研究。
·第三步　排除3种错误选项：选项A、D无中生有曲解文意； 选项C以偏概全主次不分。
【素养提升】

一、阅读理解
1
NASA has a new job listing,and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a"joker" to join their journey to Mars.
A journey to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles away. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spaceship. As it is difficult to communicate, astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply when an emergency happens.
“When you're living with others in a confined space for a long time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems will happen,” said Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida. This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. These people have the ability to pull everyone together.
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share stress, Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team “jokers”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Adolf, a cook at Amundsen' s team, was "joker". He made people laugh through the whole difficult and dangerous journey, Amundsen later wrote that Adolf was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen. “Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides, they must be in top physical condition.
1. Who might get the job offered by NASA?
A. A good cook. B. A talented joker.
C. A humorous engineer. D. A popular comedian.
2. What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. a small space B. an open space C. a secure space D. an empty space
3. How does the author think humor can help astronauts?
A. Reminding them of their family. B. Bringing them closer on a journey.
C. Helping them know themselves better. D. Helping them fix professional problems.
4. Why does the author mention the example of the cook?
A. To show the importance of their food.
B. To prove the role of humor in difficult situations.
C. To argue an actor is more important than a scientist.
D. To explain a journey to the South Pole matters a lot.

【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国宇航局正在寻找一位“爱开玩笑的人”与宇航员一起执行火星任务，这个人不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The US space agency is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission to Mars.(美国宇航局正在寻找一名“爱开玩笑的人”加入他们计划中的火星任务)”以及倒数第二段中““Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.”(Johnson 说：“有趣并不足以让某人得到这份工作，他们还需要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。”)”可知，幽默的工程师会得到NASA提供的工作。故选C。
2. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“such as on a mission to Mars,”可知，在执行火星任务时，几个宇航员要在航天器里生活很多天，而航天器里的空间是非常狭小的，此处是说“当你和别人在一个狭小的空间里生活很长一段时间，比如执行火星任务时，很可能会出现问题”，由此可知画线词指的是“狭小的空间”，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. These people have the ability to pull everyone together.(这可能就是为什么美国宇航局想要一个有幽默感的宇航员。这些人有能力把大家团结起来)”可知，作者认为幽默可以通过在旅途中拉近宇航员们之间的距离帮助到宇航员。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share stress, Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.(在有压力的情况下，幽默可能是一种让我们知道自己并不孤单的方式。通过一起笑，我们分享压力，然后我们可以专注于我们的工作，而不仅仅是担心)”以及第五段“There are other examples of team “jokers”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Adolf, a cook at Amundsen' s team, was "joker". He made people laugh through the whole difficult and dangerous journey, Amundsen later wrote that Adolf was the most valuable member of the team.(还有其他团队“小丑”的例子。挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森带领的南极之旅就是一个例子。阿道夫是阿蒙森探险队的一名厨师，他被称为“爱开玩笑的人”。阿蒙森在整个艰难而危险的旅程中都让人捧腹大笑，阿道夫是团队中最有价值的成员)”可推知，作者提到了厨师的例子是为了证明幽默在困难情况下的作用。故选B。
2
It is easier to negotiate（谈判）first salary requirement because once you are insider, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don't at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth's story.
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle（小隔间）offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit（价值）, but "nice" isn't a quality shared by most organizations. If you feel you deserve a good raise in pay, you'll probably have to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip （筹码） when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to prove that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs（a new client or a sizable contract, for example）just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip coo. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction
5. What can be inferred from Beth's story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C. People should not be content with what they have got.
D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
6. We can learn from the passage that .
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one's performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
7. To get a pay raise, a person should .
A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contact
C. try to get inside information about the organization
D. do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions

【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了人们在面试新工作时一定要提出对薪资的要求，如果业绩突出，还可以适当提出涨工资的要求。
5. 推理判断题。通过文章第二段“One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices.（比Beth入职晚的员工一个个地从小隔间搬到带窗的办公室，而Beth仍然留在原地）”，再根据文章第二段首句“I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it.（我没有得到我想要的因为我没有提出要求。）”可以推断出:如果人们想要得到他们应得的（权利，职位），就必须先提出来。故选B项。
6. 推理判断题。通过文章第三段中“It would be nice we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit（价值）, but "nice" isn't a quality shared by most organizations.（得到与劳动相等的工资的上涨固然是好事，但是大部分公司并不是这样来分配工资。）”故可推断出在工资提升方面存在不公平现象。故选A项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第五段首句“Performance is your best bargaining chip （筹码） when you are seeking a raise.（当你寻求加薪时，表现是你最好的筹码。）”可知，在提出涨工资时必须要有业绩或一些出色表现，即薪酬被决定之前要做一些事情来打动老板。故选D项。
3
Asha, Tanzania
Hi there! My name is Asha and I'm from Tanzania. Like most teenagers, I start my day early and end it late. After school, I study at a night school to prepare for the university entrance exam. When I have time off, I prefer to be outdoors. I love nature and animals. I'm quite upset about how we treat the environment, so I do my best to help. I volunteer to plant trees and I'm a member of our school's Nature Club.
Samika, Bangladesh
Hi! I'm Samika and I'm 15. I wish I were a student, but I'm not. I had to leave school when I was 13 so that I could get a job and help my family. I work in a garment factory. It's unbelievably hard work and the days are so long. Although everyone works hard, we still find time to play and laugh together. At times like these, the world feels like a wonderful place.
Frieder, Germany
Hi, Frieder here. So, I'm 16 and I go to a high school in Munich. I'm not crazy about school—listening to a teacher isn't my thing—but I know I have to get an education. It's very difficult for young people to find a job in Europe, so I worry a lot about the future. Oh, and I'm a gaming nerd. I love Internet games so much that I have started a gaming club in my school. Maybe I'll see you online—my screen name is Fast Freddy.
8. From the passage, what can we learn about Samika?
A. She has never felt happy because of her hard work.
B. She works after school to support her family.
C. She dreams of going to school.
D. She works long in a toy factory.
9. From the passage, which of the following about Asha is NOT true?
A. He studies hard to get well educated.
B. He tries his best to help protect the environment.
C. He has started the Nature Club in his school.
D. He prefers to go outdoors and love animals.
10. Why is Frieder worried about the future?
A. Because jobs are hard for the youth to find.
B. Because he has no money to pay for his education.
C. Because he cannot find a job on the Internet.
D. Because he doesn't listen to his teachers.

【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章中的3个青少年对自己的学校和工作生活进行了陈述。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二部分“I'm Samika and I'm 15. I wish I were a student, but I'm not.”可知，我叫Samika，我15岁，我希望我是一个学生，但是我不是。由此可知，Samika梦想着去上学。故选C项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一部分“I volunteer to plant trees and I'm a member of our school's Nature Club.” 可知，我志愿种树，我是学校自然俱乐部的成员。由此可知，Asha是自然俱乐部的成员，而不是成立自然俱乐部，C项描述错误。故选C项。
10. 细节理解题，根据第三部分“It's very difficult for young people to find a job in Europe, so I worry a lot about the future.” 可知，年轻人在欧洲找工作很难，所以我很担心未来。由此可知，Frieder担心未来的原因是他觉得年轻人找工作很困难。故选A项。
4
I started to work as an editor for a travel magazine. I didn’t really mind the work, but I wanted something more challenging. My sister sent me some details for a position in a start­up. The job was a seemingly perfect mix of my skills and interests, so I jumped at it.
However, soon after I joined the company, its model changed to focus on education, and everything about my position changed. I was asked to take on the completely different roles of selling contents to teachers and training people. I had no experience in sales, training or education. I felt more a little outside my comfort zone.
I knew I wanted to grow as an individual and make a serious effect on the company. I told myself that everything feels overwhelming(巨大的)at first and I should at least try. In a way, I felt like I didn’t have a choice. I knew jumping out of the nest was the right thing for me, even though it felt pretty awful.
I was lucky to be surrounded by very helpful people, both at work and at home. My boss never asked if I thought I could do it; she asked if I was interested in trying.
I spent hours researching my company’s products. I asked lots of questions and spoke to so many teachers that there were soon more good experiences than difficult ones. I looked for chances to put in extra effort. The more I did, the better I felt.
Over time, I discovered that the job was something I could do and liked doing. It was unbelievably rewarding to see the company grow. I also learned it’s important to take risks and accept new opportunities, even when you’re not sure if you’ll do well. I don’t think there’s anything worse than failing to try. I’m so glad I tried, and it surely paid off.
11. Why did the author want to change her job?
A. She got bored of her old boss.
B. She followed her sister’s advice.
C. She was paid too little at her old job.
D. She intended to challenge something new.
12. How did the author feel after she entered the new company?
A. Excited. B. Stressed.
C. Curious. D. Comfortable.
13. The author could finally handle her job mainly because________. A. her boss trusted her to try
B. she knew she would do well
C. she was hardworking and made a lot of effort
D. people around her helped her solve the challenge
14. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To tell readers that failure is the mother of success.
B. To warn about the risks and challenges when changing jobs.
C. To expose risks and challenges in a small and newly founded company.
D. To encourage readers to take on challenges and turn risks into opportunities.

【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者曾是某旅游杂志的编辑，但作者需要更具有挑战性的工作，所以听从了姐姐的建议跳槽到了一家新公司。可是不久之后，这家公司模式改变，内向的作者被安排到营销岗位，在老板的鼓励下，作者不断尝试，终于取得了良好的业绩。
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I started to work as an editor for a travel magazine. I didn’t really mind the work, but I wanted something more challenging. (我开始为一家旅游杂志做编辑。我真的不介意工作，但我想要一些更有挑战性的工作。)”可知作者想要更有挑战性的工作，故选D项。
12. 推理判断题。根据第二段“I had no experience in sales, training or education. I felt more a little outside my comfort zone.(我没有销售、培训或教育方面的经验。我觉得有点超出了我的舒适区。)”可知作者没有相应的经验，可推知她应该感到有压力。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。根据第五段“I spent hours researching my company’s products. I asked lots of questions and spoke to so many teachers that there were soon more good experiences than difficult ones. I looked for chances to put in extra effort. The more I did, the better I felt.(我花了几个小时研究我公司的产品。我问了很多问题，和很多老师交谈，很快，好的经历就比困难的经历多了。我寻找机会加倍努力。我做得越多，感觉就越好。)”可知作者虽然没有经验，但勤学好问，付出很多努力，这是她能驾驭这份工作的原因，故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据第一段“I started to work as an editor for a travel magazine. I didn’t really mind the work, but I wanted something more challenging. (我开始为一家旅游杂志做编辑。我真的不介意工作，但我想要一些更有挑战性的工作。)”可知作者曾经是一名编辑，但想要更具有挑战性的工作，通读全文可知作者跳槽到新公司之后遇到了挑战，在不断地尝试，学习，摸索下驾驭了新的工作，取得了良好的业绩，由最后一段“I also learned it’s important to take risks and accept new opportunities, even when you’re not sure if you’ll do well. (我还学会了冒险和接受新机会的重要性，即使你不确定自己是否能做好。)” 作者也明白了勇于尝试、承担风险、接受挑战的道理，由此可推知，文章旨在鼓励读者接受挑战，将风险转变为机会。故选D项。
5
If you are a teenager without a job, you probably do not have much extra money. Sometimes parents will give their children a weekly pocket money for doing small housework, but it is often not enough once the children grow into teenagers and want to do things with their friends all of the time. How to make money is an important thing for teens to learn. If you’re wondering how a teenager can make good money, some ideas might be.
Getting a part-time job at a local restaurant or store is always a sure way to make money as a teen. But getting a job somewhere like this might be hard, considering many jobs in local stores are being taken by adults more and more often. Babysitting is always a good way to make money as a teenager, and finding jobs as a babysitter is often easier than finding a job at a store.
Doing landscaping (绿化) is something that most adults do not like to do, and teens can usually find jobs around their neighborhood doing the landscaping of friends and family Some teens are good at something such as writing or photography. These teens can make money by doing things such as writing articles for newspapers or magazines or selling their photos online.
Teens who live in a country area can try raising their own animals such as chickens, and selling them or their products.
Looking for jobs can seem hard at first, but if you have a try, it should not be too hard to find a job or way to make money.
15. What problem do teenagers have to face when finding a job in local stores?
A. Low pay. B. Competition with grown-ups.
C. Long working hours. D. Heavy work
16. What can we learn from the text?
A. Getting a part-time job is hard for teens.
B. Most grown-ups hate doing landscaping.
C. Pocket money from parents is often enough for teens.
D. Looking after babies is easier than serving customers in a restaurant.
17. Which of the following is easier for teens from the country if they want to earn extra money?
A. Babysitting. B. Doing landscaping.
C. Raising animals. D. Selling photos online.
18. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The Necessary Skills to Make Money
B. How Important Is Money to a Teenager
C. How Can a Teenager Make Extra Money
D. Teenagers Should Depend on Themselves

【答案】15. B 16. B 17. C 18. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了几种青少年做兼职赚钱的方法。并且提出，虽然有困难， 但是只要去找总能找到赚钱的方法。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“But getting a job somewhere like this might be hard, considering many jobs in local stores are being taken by adults more and more often.” 很多商店的工作经常由成年人做。由此可以推断，青少年想要找在当地商店的工作面临的问题是要跟成年人竞争。故选B。
16. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Doing landscaping (绿化) is something that most adults do not like to do”可知，做绿化是大多数成年人不喜欢做的事情。故选B。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Teens who live in a country area can try raising their own animals such as chickens, and selling them or their products. ”可知，对于住在乡村地区的青少年来说，他们可以饲养动物，通过出售它们或它们的产品赚钱。 故选C。
18. 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，文章第一段最后一句提出“If you’re wondering how a teenager can make good money, some ideas might be.”（如果想知道青少年怎么赚钱，这里有一些方法）；第二、三、四段分别提到几种青少年做兼职赚钱的方法，如在商店工作、帮人照顾孩子、做园林绿化、饲养动物等；文章最后一段提出：只要尝试，总能找到能赚钱的方法。由此可知，文章讲述的是青少年做兼职赚钱的方式。所以短文的最佳标题为“青少年怎么能赚外快”。故选C。

二、七选五
Three Key Steps to Motivate Your Team to Strive for Excellence
It is a known fact that one of the most compelling reasons employees leave their job is because they feel unappreciated, or that they bring no real value to their team.19. In order to motivate and build up a team for excellence, there are some key steps that you should follow.
20. This does not mean that you should hang out with them at the local bar, or become one of their weekend buddies. What it does mean is that if you want to motivate your team to excellence, then you should take the time to get to know your team personally by talking individually to them at different times, asking basic questions, and letting them see that you are human and accessible. 21. Recognize them as a person, not just their ability.
Too often, we are quick to praise people for a job well done, but we fail to let the person know that we appreciate them as a person. Praise them for that job well done, but take notice of their personal qualities and talents and how they bring value to the team.22. For example: “Hey Johnny, those were some great ideas you came up with in the team meeting today, I like the way you think!”
Make their success public.
Take time in your team meetings each week to recognize and talk about the people who made a difference that week.23. This makes others want to push harder and do more as they see that hard work is valued. Many times other team members do not know what has happened in other departments, or the accomplishments that they have had, so this is also a great way for your team to keep up with the latest and greatest.
A. Build a relationship with your team.
B. Treat your team to something special.
C. Let the rest of the team see that you took notice and you appreciate it.
D. People will find it difficult to “go along” with you if they cannot “get along” with you.
E.Something special happens when we hear our name—it tells us that we are important.
F.If you want to motivate your team to do their very best, you have to let them know that they are a vital part of your team.
G.This should be done in person randomly so that they can see that you are the one who noticed and you know they are on your team.

【答案】19. F 20. A 21. D 22. G 23. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。众所周知，员工离开工作岗位最令人信服的原因之一就是他们觉得自己不受赏识，或者他们没有给团队带来真正的价值。如果你想激励你的团队做到最好，你必须让他们知道他们是你团队的重要组成部分。文章主要说明了激励团队的三个关键步骤。
19. 根据上文“It is a known fact that one of the most compelling reasons employees leave their job is because they feel unappreciated, or that they bring no real value to their team.(众所周知，员工离开工作岗位最令人信服的原因之一就是他们觉得自己不受赏识，或者他们没有给团队带来真正的价值)”以及后文“In order to motivate and build up a team for excellence, there are some key steps that you should follow.(为了激励和建立一个卓越的团队，有一些关键步骤，你应该遵循)”可知，上文提到了员工辞职的原因，后文则提到了要激励和建立卓越的团队，可知本句承上启下，说明要激励团队做到最好的方式，后文中motivate and build up a team与F选项中motivate your team相对应。故F选项“如果你想激励你的团队做到最好，你必须让他们知道他们是你团队的重要组成部分”符合语境，故选F。
20. 根据后文“This does not mean that you should hang out with them at the local bar, or become one of their weekend buddies. What it does mean is that if you want to motivate your team to excellence, then you should take the time to get to know your team personally by talking individually to them at different times, asking basic questions, and letting them see that you are human and accessible.(这并不意味着你应该和他们一起去当地的酒吧，或者成为他们的周末伙伴。这意味着，如果你想激励你的团队走向卓越，那么你应该花时间亲自了解你的团队，在不同的时间单独与他们交谈，问一些基本的问题，让他们看到你是人，是可以接近的)”可知，本段主要是在说明花时间了解自己的团队，和团队成员培养关系，故A选项“与你的团队培养关系”符合语境，故选A。
21. 根据上文“This does not mean that you should hang out with them at the local bar, or become one of their weekend buddies. What it does mean is that if you want to motivate your team to excellence, then you should take the time to get to know your team personally by talking individually to them at different times, asking basic questions, and letting them see that you are human and accessible.(这并不意味着你应该和他们一起去当地的酒吧，或者成为他们的周末伙伴。这意味着，如果你想激励你的团队走向卓越，那么你应该花时间亲自了解你的团队，在不同的时间单独与他们交谈，问一些基本的问题，让他们看到你是人，是可以接近的)”可知，上文主要是在说明要和团队培养关系，让他们看到领导也是人，是可以接近的，本句为本段最后一句，可推知是在承接上文说明这么做的原因。故D选项“如果人们不能和你愉快相处，他们会发现很难和你共事”符合语境，故选D。
22. 根据上文“Too often, we are quick to praise people for a job well done, but we fail to let the person know that we appreciate them as a person. Praise them for that job well done, but take notice of their personal qualities and talents and how they bring value to the team.(很多时候，我们很容易因为别人的工作做得很好而表扬他们，但我们没有让那个人知道我们是从个人角度来欣赏他们的。赞扬他们出色的工作，但要注意他们的个人素质和才能，以及他们如何为团队带来价值)”以及后文“For example: “Hey Johnny, those were some great ideas you came up with in the team meeting today, I like the way you think!”(例如：“嘿，约翰尼，你今天小组会议上提出的一些好主意，我喜欢你的思考方式!”)”可知，本段主要在说明如何表扬员工，且强调了要注意到的是员工的个人素质和才能，故本句应当承上启下，继续说明表扬员工个人素质和才能的作用和意义，故G选项“这应该随机地亲自去做，这样他们就可以看到你是注意到他们的人，而且你能了解到他们是你的团队成员”符合语境，故选G。
23. 根据上文“Take time in your team meetings each week to recognize and talk about the people who made a difference that week.(每周花点时间在团队会议上，找出并讨论当周做出不同贡献的人)”以及后文“This makes others want to push harder and do more as they see that hard work is valued. (这让其他人看到努力工作是有价值的，就会想要更努力地工作，做得更多)”可知，上文提到讨论团队中做出了不同贡献的人，后文提到让其他人看到努力工作有价值，可推知本句是在说明讨论做出不同贡献的人的行为要让其他成员看到，C选项中the rest of the team与后文others相对应。故C选项“让团队的其他成员看到你注意到了这一点，并对此表示感谢。”符合语境，故选C。

三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上.
A reporter was interviewing an astronaut. She asked him, "How have you become an astronaut and, 24. （general）speaking, what are the requirements to become an astronaut?"
The astronaut answered, "My experience as an astronaut was born thanks to the Aeronautica Militare. When I 25. （enter）the Air Force in 1995, my project was to become a pilot of tactical aircraft. After 26. （complete）my training at the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot training school, at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, I returned to Italy to be a fighter pilot. Then, I was allowed 27. （become）an experimental pilot and I graduated from the EPNER, the French test pilot school, in Istres. In 2008, with the experimental pilot identity, I could apply 28. a career as an ESA astronaut. There were （and there still are） two 29. （path）to make oneself become an astronaut: a pilot method, for those who have pilot experience, and a non-pilot method for those who have a science（engineering, physics, medical, etc）background. If you are in the pilot path, being a test pilot gives you more points in the selection（选拔） because there 30. （be）much similarity between the pilot's work and 31. of the astronaut. When I applied, back in 2008, two astronauts 32. （choose）from the pilot method and four-actually five, including one 33. was later added-came from the non-pilot method. "

【答案】
24. generally
25. entered
26. completing
27. to become
28. for
29. paths
30. is
31. that
32. were chosen
33. who
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名宇航员的成长经历。
24. 考查固定短语。句意：她问他:“你是怎么成为一名宇航员的? 一般来说，成为一名宇航员需要具备哪些条件?” generally speaking“一般来说”，该短语是固定短语，副词修饰动词，所以填generally。
25. 考查时态。句意：当我在1995年进入空军时，我的计划是成为一名战术飞机飞行员。根据时间状语in 1995，可知这是在描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填entered。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在德克萨斯州Sheppard空军基地，Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot 训练学校完成训练后，我回到意大利，成为一名战斗机飞行员。分析句子结构，介词After后用动名词作宾语，所以填completing。
27. 考查动词不定式。句意：后来，我被允许成为一名试验飞行员，并从位于伊斯特雷斯的法国试飞员学校EPNER毕业。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，该句型是固定句型，其被动语态为sb. be allowed to do sth.某人被允许做某事，所以填to become。
28. 考查固定短语。句意：2008年，有了实验飞行员的身份，我就可以申请成为欧洲航天局的宇航员了。apply for“申请”，该短语是固定短语，所以填for。
29. 考查名词的数。句意：有(现在仍然有)两种方法让自己成为宇航员：一个是飞行员方法，针对那些有飞行员经验的人；一个是非飞行员方法，针对那些有科学背景(工程、物理、医学等)的人。分析句子结构，该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有two修饰，用名词复数，所以填paths。
30. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你在飞行员的道路上，成为一个试飞员会给你更多的选择，因为飞行员的工作和宇航员的工作有很多相似之处。根据“If you are in the pilot path, being a test pilot gives you more points in the selection（选拔）”可知描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，主语much similarity，在这里用作不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，所以填is。
31. 考查代词。句意：如果你在飞行员的道路上，成为一个试飞员会给你更多的选择，因为飞行员的工作和宇航员的工作有很多相似之处。这里指代前文出现的“work”,不可数名词，如果代指在前文中出现的对等的部分（不是同一个事物，只是对等）就用that。所以填that。
32. 考查时态和语态。句意：当我在2008年申请时，从飞行员方法中选出了两名宇航员，还有四名——实际上是五名——来自非飞行员方法，其中一名后来加入。根据时间状语in 2008，可知描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语“two astronauts”和谓语动词“choose”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数，所以填were chosen。
33. 考查定语从句。句意：当我在2008年申请时，从飞行员方法中选出了两名宇航员，还有四名——实际上是五名——来自非飞行员方法，其中一名后来加入。分析句子结构，___10___ was later added-came from the non-pilot method.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词one，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导该从句，先行词是one时，不用that引导定语从句，所以填who。

四、完形填空
1
Katie Whetsell has been enjoying Disney movies from an early age and would often watch them with her mom, Karen. Confident about herself, Katie knew she 34 would be a performer in the future.
When Katie was nine years old, her family were shocked by an unexpected 35 . Katie’s mother was diagnosed(诊断）with cancer. When the doctor told the Whetsell family that Karen's disease was serious, and that she was 36 to get well again, they made a(n) 37 . Disney World had been a longtime dream for Karen. So the family headed to Disney World for a trip that none of them would ever 38 .
While they were watching a light show, a performer put her hands on Karen's shoulder. They exchanged smiles and, to this day, Katie still remembers how 39 her mom looked. This was the day Katie decided she wanted to 40 for Disney. Sadly, Katie's mom Karen lost her 41 . Her family members 42 her every day and often think of that Disney vacation.
Katie went on to pursue(追求）performing for a living. She 43 for years, working as a waitress and trying to make it as a(n) 44 . Her effort finally 45 when she was hired as a performer in Disney.
Katie says she could help other families get away from the 46 in their lives, whether it's a battle with cancer or simply helping adults feel like kids again. “Everything we do at the parks makes a 47 . We give people an opportunity to 48 with their childhood.”
34. A. fortunately B. surely C. normally D. hardly
35. A. proposal B. target C. turn D. detail
36. A. unnecessary B. unusual C. unwise D. unlikely
37. A. decision B. rule C. judgment D. choice
38. A. expect B. imagine C. enjoy D. forget
39. A. surprised B. delighted C. concerned D. awkward
40. A. answer B. head C. account D. work
41. A. battle B. confidence C. balance D. anger
42. A. remind B. consider C. remember D. comfort
43. A. struggled B. rented C. survived D. pressed
44. A. volunteer B. performer C. star D. operator
45. A. got off B. paid off C. paid back D. got back
46. A. tension B. failure C. suffering D. loss
47. A. difference B. effort C. response D. adventure
48. A. agree B. compare C. live D. reconnect

【答案】34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. C
47. A 48. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Katie Whetsell从小梦想成为迪斯尼乐园的表演者，陪同身患绝症的妈妈一起去迪斯尼乐园的旅行坚定了她要为迪斯尼工作，并给人们带来快乐的决心，奋斗数年，终成现实的故事。
34. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Katie对自己很有信心，她知道自己将来一定会成为一名表演者。A. fortunately幸运地；B. surely确定地；C. normally正常地；D. hardly几乎不。根据前文“Confident about herself”可知，Katie很有信心，所以确信自己一定能成功。故选B项。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Katie九岁的时候，她的家人被一个意想不到的变故震惊了。A. proposal方案；B. target目标；C. turn转变，变化；D. detail细节。根据后文“Katie’s mother was diagnosed(诊断）with cancer.”可知，妈妈得了癌症，所以对家人来说，是大的变故。故选C项。
36. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当医生告诉Whetsell一家Karen的病很严重，她不可能再好起来时，他们做出了一个决定。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unwise不明智的；D. unlikely不可能的。根据前文“the doctor told the Whetsell family that Karen's disease was serious”可知，她不可能好转了。故选D项。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当医生告诉Whetsell一家凯伦的病很严重，她不可能再好起来时，他们做出了一个决定。A. decision决定；B. rule规则；C. judgment判断；D. choice选择。根据后文“Disney World had been a longtime dream for Karen. So the family headed to Disney World for a trip that none of them would ever ___5___ .”，可知，他们做出了去迪斯尼乐园旅行的决定。故选A项。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们一家前往迪斯尼乐园进行一次他们都不会忘记的旅行。A. expect期望；B. imagine想象；C. enjoy喜欢，欣赏；D. forget忘记。根据前文“Karen's disease was serious”和“Disney World had been a longtime dream for Karen.”可知，妈妈病得很严重，为了实现她的梦想，大家去迪斯尼乐园是为了进行一次值得留念的旅行，即不会忘记的旅行。故选D项。
39. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们交换了微笑，直到今天，Katie仍然记得她妈妈看起来是多么高兴。A. surprised 吃惊的；B. delighted高兴的；C. concerned关心的，担忧的；D. awkward令人尴尬的。根据前文“They exchanged smiles”可知，妈妈看起来很高兴。故选B项。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那天Katie决定要为迪斯尼工作。A. answer回答；B. head朝向；C. account视为；D. work工作。根据前文“Confident about herself, Katie knew she ___1___ would be a performer in the future.”以及“They exchanged smiles and, to this day, Katie still remembers how ___6___ her mom looked.”可知，Katie原本就有要做迪斯尼乐园表演者的想法，当看到迪斯尼表演者给妈妈带来微笑的时候，便决心要为迪斯尼工作。故选D项。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，Katie的妈妈Karen输了。A. battle战斗；B. confidence信心；C. balance平衡；D. anger愤怒。根据后文“Her family members ___9___ her every day and often think of that Disney vacation.”可以推知，妈妈去世了，所以说，妈妈输掉了对病魔的战斗（抗争）。后文“a battle with cancer”可以验证。故选A项。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的家人每天都想念她，经常想起那次迪斯尼度假。A. remind提醒；B. consider考虑；C. remember记住，想起；D. comfort安慰。根据语境以及后文“often think of that Disney vacation”可知，她的家人都想念她。故选C项。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她奋斗了好几年，当了一名女招待，并试图成为一名表演者。A. struggled斗争，奋斗；B. rented租用；C. survived生存；D. pressed按压。根据前文“Katie went on to pursue(追求）performing for a living.”和后文“working as a waitress and trying to make it”信息可知，她努力拼搏，奋斗了好几年。故选A项。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她当了一名女招待，奋斗了好几年，并努力成为一名表演者。A. volunteer志愿者；B. performer表演者；C. star明星；D. operator操作员。根据前文“Katie went on to pursue(追求）performing for a living.”以及后文“Her effort finally ___12___when she was hired as a performer in Disney.”可知，她努力成为一名表演者。故选B项。
45. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她被聘为迪斯尼的表演者时，她的努力终于得到了回报。A. got off下车；B. paid off还清，取得成功，得到好结果；C. paid back偿还；D. got back取回。根据后文“when she was hired as a performer in Disney”可知，她成功了，所以说，她的努力得到好结果。故选B项。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Katie说，她可以帮助其他家庭摆脱生活中的痛苦，无论是与癌症作斗争，还是仅仅帮助成年人重新感觉自己是孩子。A. tension紧张；B. failure失败；C. suffering苦难；D. loss损失。根据后文“whether it's a battle with cancer or …”可知，此处指生活中的“苦难”。故选C项。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在公园里做的每一件事都很有意义。A. difference不同点；B. effort努力；C. response响应；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“Katie says she could help other families get away from the ___13___ in their lives, whether it's a battle with cancer or simply helping adults feel like kids again.”以及后文“We give people an opportunity to ___15___ with their childhood.”可知，Katie指他们做的事情很有意义，有作用，make a difference意为“有影响，有作用”，符合句意。故选A项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们给了人们一个重温童年的机会。A. agree同意；B. compare比较；C. live居住；D. reconnect重新连接。根据前文“or simply helping adults feel like kids again”可知，此处指给人们“重温（重新连接）”童年的机会。故选D项。
2
I'm standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls as they throw paper and howl with laughter. They won't listen to me. I never wanted to 49 . I wanted to be a writer. But when I arrived in London, they were 50 of teachers.
My efforts at teaching were 51 . When the bell finally rang, I 52 to the staff room, red with anger. The other teachers weren't 53 . “That's 4B, the worst class in the school.”
But I couldn't give up. I 54 formal lessons. Instead, I brought topics for class 55 . One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments they had 56 their parents. They paid attention and 57 about their lives. I was very interested, 58 , I had them write about themselves. As time went on, their articles became a 59 between us. I admired their humor, toughness and insight, and I think they 60 my interest in their lives.
The musical My Fair Lady was playing in the West End, I asked if they'd like to see the musical. They thought I was joking and did not take it 61 , since no teacher had ever 62 taking them out. A few weeks later, 4B and I were sitting in a theater. They 63 the music and the characters. It was the highlight of their year, and they talked about it for days.
Near the end of 64 , someone knocked on the door of the staff room. The two most rebellious(叛逆的) girls in 4B were there-- with flowers. I was 65 to know I had touched their lives, but they had also touched mine. I enjoyed teaching and getting along with 66 .
When I returned to Australia several years later, I still 67 to be a writer. Teaching wasn't the end of my writing career, it was the 68 .
49. A. guide B. perform C. select D. leach
50. A. ashamed B. short C. careful D. fond
51. A. hopeless B. successful C. great D. special
52. A. marched B. gathered C. skipped D. rushed
53. A. terrified B. convinced C. surprised D. delighted
54. A. adapted B. abandoned C. prepared D. missed
55. A. discussions B. proposals C. decisions D. options
56. A. over B. with C. around D. for
57. A. commented B. debated C. quarreled D. shared
58. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Otherwise
59. A. memory B. bridge C. secret D. barrier
60. A. appreciated B. caught C. ignored D. inspired
61. A. slightly B. equally C. seriously D. generously
62. A. practiced B. suggested C. minded D. regretted
63. A. loved B. challenged C. followed D. created
64. A. show B. class C. journey D. term
65. A. anxious B. proud C. confused D. shocked
66. A. actors B. teachers C. teenagers D. writers
67. A. wanted B. failed C. doubted D. improved
68. A. belief B. symbol C. honor D. beginning

【答案】49. D 50. B 51. A 52. D53. C54. B 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. B60. A 61. C
62. B 63. A 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. A 68. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者作为一个老师改变差生班4班的情况，最终得到学生的理解和感激。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们从来不听我的，我从来不想教书。A. guide指导；B. perform执行；C. select选择；D. teach教，教授。根据前面I'm standing in a class of wild 1 4-year-old girls以及下文“I wanted to be a writer.”可知作者不想教书。故选D。
50. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我到伦敦时，他们缺少老师。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. short 短的；C. careful小心的；D. fond 喜欢的。结合“I never wanted to____1____. I wanted to be a writer.”可知，作者想成为作家，但这里缺少老师，最终成为了一名老师。 be short of“缺少”，故选B。
51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的教学努力是没有希望的。当下课铃声想起，我被气得冲进教工办公室。A. hopeless绝望的；B. successful成功的；C. random 随机的；D. special 特别的。由下文“I____4____ to the staff room, red with anger.”可知，教全校最差的班，推测是没有希望的，故选A。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当下课铃声想起，我被气得冲进教工办公室。其他老师一点也不惊讶。A. marched行进；B. gathered聚集；C. skipped跳，略过；D. rushed猛冲。由下句red with anger可知作者很生气，所以动作也是比较急。故选D。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他老师一点也不惊讶。四班是学校里最差的班。A. terrified害怕的；；B. convinced 确信的；C. surprised 惊讶的； D. delighted 高兴的。由下文“That's 4B, the worst class in the school.”这是学校里最差的班，所以作者被气成这样，一点也不吃惊。故选C。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想就这样放弃。我放弃了正式的课程。A. adapted改编；B. abandoned放弃，废弃；C. prepared准备；D. missed 错过。根据下文“Instead，I brought topics for class可知是放弃了正式的课堂了，采取了其他措施。故选B。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我不想就这样放弃。我放弃了正式的课程。相反，我带来话题进行班级讨论。A. discussions讨论；B. proposals 建议；C. decisions 决定；D. options选择。根据下文“One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments.”可知是带话题进行讨论。故选A。
56. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：最活跃的话题之一是他们与父母的争吵。 A. over结束；B. with与；C. around周围；D. for为了。have an argument with sb与某人争吵，固定搭配。故选B。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：他们关注并分享他们的生活。A. commented评论；B. debated 辩论；C. quarreled争吵；D. shared 共享。他们讲与父母的争吵。可知是在分享生活。故选D。
58. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我非常感兴趣。因此，我让他们写写自己。A. However然而；B. Meanwhile 同时；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise 否则。根据上文I was interested可知是递进关系，进一步写下来。故选C。
59. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，他们的文章成了我们之间的桥梁。A. memory记忆；B. bridge 桥梁；C. secret秘密；D. barrier 障碍物。由文中“their articles became a ____11____ between us.”可知，作者读他们的文章来了解他们，所以文章成为了一种沟通的桥梁。故选B。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很欣赏他们的幽默，韧性和洞察力。我想他们感谢我对他们的生活产生兴趣。A. appreciated感谢；B. caught抓住；C. ignored忽视；D. inspired 鼓舞，获得灵感。由下文“I was ____17____ to know I had touched their lives, but they had also touched mine.”作者由触动到他们的生活，可推知学生们对于老师是感谢的。故选A。
61. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：音乐剧《我的淑女》在西区演出，我问他们是否想看音乐剧。他们以为我在开玩笑，并没有当真。A. slightly轻微地；B. equally平等地；C. seriously认真地；D. generously慷慨得。根据上文句子“They thought I was joking”可知是没有当真，故选C。
62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以为我在开玩笑，并没有当真。因为从来没有老师建议带他们出去。 A. practiced实践；B. suggested 建议； C. minded介意；D. regretted后悔，遗憾。由上文“I asked if they'd like to see the musical.”可知作者在询问他们是否想去看，所以是其他老师从来没有这样的建议过。故选B。
63. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期后，我和4班的学生们坐在剧院里。他们喜欢音乐和角色。A. loved爱；B. challenged 挑战；C. followed跟随；D. created 创建。由下文“It was the highlight of their year, and they talked about it for days.”可推知是很喜欢，故选A。
64. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学期末，有人敲了教工办公室的门。A. show表演；B. class 班级；C. journey 旅行；D. term 任期。根据前文“Near the end of _____, someone knocked on the door of the staff room.”可推知是学期末，有学生来办公室找作者。故选D。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：4班中两个最叛逆的女孩带着花站在那里。我很骄傲知道我触动了他们的生活，但他们也触动了我的生活。A. anxious焦虑的；B. proud 骄傲的；C. confused困惑的；D. shocked 震惊的。由下文中“I had touched their lives, but they had also touched mine.”可推知，对于这样的一个差班，我得以触动他们，作者是骄傲的。故选B。
66. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很骄傲知道我触动了他们的生活，但他们也触动了我的生活。 我喜欢教书以及与青少年相处。A. actor演员；B. teachers教师；C. teenagers青少年；D. writers作家。根据第一段“I'm standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls.”可知是青少年，故选C。
67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，当我回到澳大利亚时，我仍然想当作家。A. wanted想要；B. failed失败，衰败；C. doubted怀疑；D. improved提高。根据第一段“I wanted to be a writer.”可知，是想成为作家。故选A。
68. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：教学并不是写作生涯的结束，而是开始。A. belief信仰；B. symbol符号，象征； C. honor荣誉；D. beginning开始。根据上文“Teaching wasn't the end of my writing career”中end相对应，所以是beginning。故选D。