人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教案，共22页。教案主要包含了策略学习，宏观分析，语篇解读，素养提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【策略学习】
叙事分析模式
宏观分析是对文章的语篇类型、组织结构等进行分析，通过文章的主题句或主题段落来确定文章的体裁到底是记叙文、说明文、议论文还是应用文。文体不同，文章的组织结构自然也不同。从近五年的高考可以看出，完形填空主要考查记叙文或夹叙夹议类的文章。因此，运用美国语言学家拉波夫的叙事分析模式对完形填空的语篇进行宏观分析，能帮助学生从整体上把握文章的结构。此模式包括点题、指向、进展、结局、评议和回应六个要素。
一、点题和指向
1. 点题是叙事者在叙事之前对要讲的内容进行简短的概述，会告诉读者“What was the stry abut？”。
2. 指向是指叙事者会在文章开头交代清楚故事中的人物以及故事发生的时间和地点等因素，会告诉读者“Wh was invlved in the stry？”以及“When and where did the stry happen？”等。有时候，点题和指向会一起出现在文章的首句中，这样不仅能使文章中心突出、主题鲜明，而且能给读者留下深刻的印象。
二、进展和结局
1. 进展是故事本身的发生和发展，是叙事语篇的核心部分。它回答的是“Hw des the stry develp？”。
2. 结局是指故事发展到最后是一个怎样的结果。它回答的是“Hw des the stry cme t an end？”。
三、评议和回应
1. 评议是作者对所描述的故事所做的一种评论，它体现出作者对故事的态度和看法。
2. 回应是对故事主题的一种升华，对读者起着某种启迪作用，能使读者对故事理解得更深刻并进行深入的思考。但是有时候，叙事者会把故事的意义留给读者去体会和思考，因此并不是所有的记叙文都具备回应这一要素。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
As a businesswman，I care deeply abut my custmers.But like anyne fr whm yu feel affectin，__41__ can als drive yu mad.They’ll cme rushing in，__42__ their handbag’s been stlen.They’ll __43__ that they left it in the changing rm，create havc(混乱) and then __44__ it had been in their car all the time.They’ll have ut half the __45__ in the shp，and want the nly style yu dn’t have left in a __46__ clur.I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get，but I try t persuade them t keep __47__.
I remember the first really __48__ custmer we had at Cvent Garden.She was __49__ abslutely everything，nthing was right and I was rather __50__ that she became a“regular”. After a while，she __51__ fr the way she behaved at the beginning.She had split up with her husband the week befre，was living in a flat __52__，and since she’d fund it t much t cpe with(应付)，she’d taken it ut n __53__ peple.
That taught me a valuable __54__ and I pass it n t the peple wh __55__ in the market.Dn’t take it __56__. If a custmer is rude r difficult，just think“Maybe she’s had a rw with her husband.Maybe her child’s nt __57__. ”Always water it dwn and dn’t let yur eg(自我) get __58__. If yu d，yu wn’t be able t __59__ it and the whle thing develps int an unpleasant scene and that __60__ everyne’s day.
41. A.shpkeepersB. custmers
C. salespersnsD. receptinists
42. A.sayingB. pretending
C. guessingD. replying
43. A.agreeB. prmise
C. imagineD. swear
44. A.frgetB. decide
C. discverD. assume
45. A.fdsB. catalgues
C. belngingsD. gds
46. A.particularB. different
C. matchingD. natural
47. A.fightingB. smiling
C. waitingD. changing
48. A.generusB. plite
C. carelessD. difficult
49. A.curius abutB. displeased with
C. patient withD. uncertain abut
50. A.relaxedB. delighted
C. surprisedD. embarrassed
51. A.searched B. argued
C. prayedD. aplgized
52. A.by chanceB. by herself
C. n purpseD. n duty
53. A.rudeB. such
C. therD. lnely
54. A.lessnB. trick
C. skillD. trade
55. A.wrkB. shp
C. meetD. quarrel
56. A.kindlyB. secretly
C. persnallyD. casually
57. A.readyB. away
C. upD. well
58. A.ut f sightB. in the way
C. behind the sceneD. abve the law
59. A.stressB. expect
C. handleD. blame
60. A.ruinsB. makes
C. startsD. saves
[尝试解答] 41.B 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.D 46.A 47.B 48.D 49.B
50. C 51.D 52.B 53.C 54.A 55.A 56.C 57.D 58.B 59.C 60.A
【宏观分析】
一、点题和指向
文章首段点明所讲故事的背景：As a businesswman，I care deeply abut my custmers.But like anyne fr whm yu feel affectin，__41__ can als drive yu mad.作为一名女商人，我很关心顾客，但是遇到难应付的顾客会让人抓狂。
二、进展和结局
虽然顾客所作所为让店员抓狂，但是我劝说店员笑迎顾客。
列举让人抓狂的顾客事例：顾客们冲进来，说他们的手提包被偷了→然后却发现手提包一直在车上。
⇩
作者的自身经历感悟：作者曾经遇到一位难对付的顾客，对一切不满意(She was __49__ abslutely everything，nthing was right.)
⇩
顾客为她的行为道歉(After a while，she __51__ fr the way she behaved at the beginning.)
⇩
面对离婚和其他过多的压力导致。
三、评议和回应
“我”把这一经验传给在市场工作的人们。(That taught me a valuable __54__ and I pass it n t the peple wh __55__ in the market.)
⇩
向人们传递宽以待人并保持乐观心态的重要性。
【语篇解读】
主题：人与社会(人际沟通)。话题：应对难对付的顾客。本文是一篇记叙文。商店工作人员经常会遇到难对付的顾客，作者通过自己的经历感悟到店员应该正确对待这类顾客，体谅并善待他们。
41. B [上下文语境题。根据上一句可知作者非常关心顾客，下文举例说明了顾客的一些挑剔行为，结合but可知，此处是指顾客(custmer)有时也会让人抓狂。shpkeeper店主；salespersn售货员；receptinist接待员。]
42. A [上下文语境题。根据上文的cme rushing in和下文的their handbag’s been stlen可知，此处是指顾客冲进来说(say)自己的手提包被偷了。pretend假装；guess猜想；reply回答。]
43. D [上下文语境题。结合语境，顾客既然认为手提包被偷，他们应该会信誓旦旦地说(swear)他们的手提包就放在更衣室了。agree同意；prmise许诺；imagine想象。]
44. C [上文语境题。承接上文，此处是指顾客最后发现(discver)手提包一直放在车里。frget忘记；decide决定；assume假定。]
45. D [上下文语境题。此处谈论的是在商店里发生的顾客挑剔商品的行为，他们让店员拿出店里一半的商品(gds)来选择。fd食物；catalgue目录；belngings财产，所有物。]
46. A [上文语境题。根据上文的want the nly style可知，店员拿出很多商品，但他们想要店里没有的特定(particular)颜色的。different不同的；matching相同的，相配的；natural自然的。]
47. B [上文语境题。根据上文中的upset可知顾客的这种做法让店员感到恼火，用but说明作者的意图是让他们保持良好的态度，也就是要保持微笑(smile)。fight打架；wait等待；change改变。]
48. D [下文语境题。根据下文可知，此处举例说出作者曾经遇到过的一个难对付的(difficult)顾客。generus慷慨的；plite有礼貌的；careless粗心的。]
49. B [下文语境题。根据下文的nthing was right可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意(be displeased with)。be curius abut对……好奇；be patient with对……有耐心；be uncertain abut对……不确定。]
50. C [上下文语境题。上文提到这位顾客对一切都不满意，下文提到她成了本店的常客，这令人感到意外(surprised)。relaxed放松的；delighted愉快的；embarrassed尴尬的。]
51. D [下文语境题。根据下文她解释的原因可知，此处是指她为她一开始的行为道歉(aplgize)。search寻找，搜寻；argue争论，争吵；pray祈祷，祈求。]
52. B [上文语境题。根据上文split up with her husband可知，她和丈夫离婚了，独自(by herself)住在公寓里。by chance偶然地；n purpse故意地；n duty值日。]
53. C [上文语境题。她面对离婚和其他过多的压力，难免会情绪不好，因而迁怒于其他(ther)人。此处take it ut n表示“迁怒于……，拿……出气”。]
54. A [下文语境题。结合下文作者的认识可知，这件事给作者上了宝贵的一课(lessn)。teach sb a lessn表示“给某人一个教训”。]
55. A [上下文语境题。作者对待顾客的经验自然是想传达给那些在商场里工作(wrk)的人员。]
56. C [下文语境题。根据下文可知，这些难应付的顾客可能有其他原因，店员不能太在意。take sth persnally意为“认为某事针对自己而不悦”。kindly体贴地；secretly秘密地； casually随意地。]
57. D [上文语境题。与上文的“Maybe she’s had a rw with her husband.(或许她和丈夫吵了一架)”相呼应，此处是说或许她的孩子身体不适(well)，此处well是形容词，意为“身体好的”。]
58. B [上文语境题。根据上文可知，顾客可能是因为自身遇到各种麻烦才变得挑剔，所以作者指出店员需要注意不能让个人的情绪妨碍(in the way)交流和沟通，要去理解顾客。ut f sight看不见；behind the scene在幕后；abve the law凌驾于法律之上。]
59. C [上下文语境题。本句用if来假设一种后果，如果不能放下个人情绪，可能没法处理(handle)这样的情况。stress强调；expect预料；blame责怪。]
60. A [上文语境题。根据上文的an unpleasant scene可知，遇到这种难处理的情况，处理不好会导致不愉快的场面，将会毁掉(ruin)大家的一天。]
【素养提升】
一、阅读理解
1
The htel n the mn may be just a few decades away, as the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA) is advising building a lunar vacatin spt. This "Lunar Village" wuld be the first structure f its kind, a unique achievement fr Eurpe, and the human race in general.
The Lunar Village wuld likely be built near the ples f the mn where water ice is trapped at the bttm f dark hles. Such places wuld nt nly prvide water fr the turists, but wuld als allw fr cnstant daylight, unlike ther lcatins n the lunar surface. Visitrs wuld wear nrmal clthing while inside the htel, putting n spacesuits when ut n the lunar surface.
The plan suggests that this htel culd huse scientists and prspectrs (勘探者) alng with the next generatin f space turists. Cnstructin f the facility wuld largely be financed by Russia, tgether with cntributins frm China, Japan and India.
ESA managers are warning the public f space travel dangers, including extreme temperatures and radiatin frm the sun.
By 2030, it may be pssible t cnstruct a base n the mn, prviding a supply statin fr space travelers n their jurneys t Mars r ther lcatins in the slar system, space engineers predicted
"The ESA space explratin strategy sets the mn as a pririty destinatin fr humans n the way t Mars, and the recent talk f a "Mn Village" certainly has spread a lt f psitive energy in Eurpe." said Kathy Laurini f NASA's Explratin Radmap Wrking Grup.
Althugh such a base is pssible, there are n dates set yet fr the public pening. Turists wishing t visiting the mn can affrd t wait t pack their bags-rckets taking passengers t the lunar surface are nt leaving anytime sn.
1.What wuld yu d if yu culd live in the "village"?
A.Yu culd live the same life as n the earth.
B.Yu shuld put n spacesuits when yu're ut.
C.Yu wuld live a life withut much light.
D.Yu wuld wear special clthes all the time.
2.What des the underlined wrd "financed" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Saved.B.Cntrlled.C.Supprted.D.Influenced.
3.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A.New Explratin f the Mn
B.Mn Village Is Waiting fr Visitrs
C.Eurpean Space Agency Built a Htel
D.Prepare Fr a Hliday n the Lunar Village
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。欧洲航天局（ESA）建议在月球上建造一个度假胜地，在月球上建造酒店可能只有几十年的时间了。这个“月球村”将是此类建筑的第一个结构，对欧洲乃至整个人类来说都是一个独特的成就。文章对这一计划进行了说明。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Such places wuld nt nly prvide water fr the turists, but wuld als allw fr cnstant daylight, unlike ther lcatins n the lunar surface. Visitrs wuld wear nrmal clthing while inside the htel, putting n spacesuits when ut n the lunar surface.(与月球表面的其他地方不同，这些地方不仅可以为游客提供水，还可以保持日照。游客在酒店内会穿着正常的衣服，到月球表面时就会穿上宇航服)”可知，这里是有持续日光存在的，而且你应该在外出的时候穿宇航服。A项未提及。C，D项表述不正确。故选B项。
2.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“tgether with cntributins frm China, Japan and India(加上来自中国、日本和印度的捐款)”可推知，该设施的建设将主要由俄罗斯提供资金。由此推知，划线词finance是“提供资金”的意思。故选C项。
3.主旨大意题。根据第一段“The htel n the mn may be just a few decades away, as the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA) is advising building a lunar vacatin spt.(随着欧洲航天局（ESA）建议在月球上建造一个度假胜地，在月球上建造酒店可能只有几十年的时间了)”及下文对该计划的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了月球度假胜地的计划。由此可知，D选项Prepare Fr a Hliday n the Lunar Village(为在月球村度假做准备)适合做本文最佳标题。故选D项。
2
My friend and I decided t g t Italy fr a hliday and we decided t travel there withut ging thrugh a travel agency. Yu knw, yu wuld be submerged（淹没）in crwds f turists and lse lts f pprtunities t get familiar with the cuntry mre clsely. We started t think ver ur trip and managed t cme up with a free tur f Italy.
The trip was nt very lng but it was still very pleasant. We lk frward t ging there again! Of curse, we spent lts f time arranging the trip, but it was well wrth it! Of curse I was afraid that smething wuld g wrng and I was especially anxius abut my visa, but everything went quite smthly in the end.
The mst difficult part was getting a visa withut an invitatin. In the Italian cnsulate（领事馆）, ne must hand in sme fficial paper prving that ne has a htel bked fr neself in rder t get the visa. Then we had t slve the ticket prblem. Airlines ften sell cheap tickets and we bught urs far in advance. The next step was t bk a htel. We finally bked a htel abut 30 km away frm the heart f Rme and it was the perfect chice fr ur trip.
Every day we tk a train that carried us t the heart f Rme. Our big huse, which was surrunded by the frest, was a rare place fr the fresh air and cmplete silence, beautiful views, hspitable hsts, cmfrtable living cnditins delighting us t n end. Besides this, we were very lucky that ur mistress, was Russian. She gave us a lt f advice that was f great use. She recmmended us what transprt we shuld chse and which best places we shuld g t.
Dn't be afraid t plan yur trip by yurself. It's nt difficult! The nly thing I'll say right nw is that we really enjyed traveling by urselves. We walked with a map and a guidebk t wherever we wanted and we even met sme f ur fellw cuntrymen n the way just tw r three times. S if yu're als planning a 'single' trip, dn't frget t take a Russian-Italian phrasebk as peple in Italy prefer t speak in their native tngue.
4.Why des the authr want t g t Italy again?
A.He didn't stay in Italy lng enugh.
B.Italy has a lt f attractins
C.His friend invited him there.
D.He had a great time there.
5.Frm the text we can knw the authr_________.
A.met with a lt f his cuntrymen in Italy
B.likes being accmpanied by tur guides
C.enjys travelling everywhere in the wrld
D.advises us t arrange trips by urselves
6.Which f the fllwing questins has NOT been answered in the passage?
A.Why did the authr decide t g t Italy fr a hliday fr the first time?
B.Hw did the authr get his visa
C.Hw did the authr prepare fr his trip?
D.Why did the authr decide nt t fllw a travel agency?
【答案】4.D 5.D 6.A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和朋友通过自己做计划去意大利旅行的事，同时也介绍了自己做计划的优点，并建议我们也自己安排旅程。
4.细节理解题。根据第二段“The trip was nt very lng but it was still very pleasant. We lk frward t ging there again!”（这趟旅程时间不是很长，但是仍然很快乐。我们期待再次来这儿。）可知，因为旅程愉快，所以作者想再次来意大利。故选D项。
5.推理判断题。根据第一段“we decided t travel there withut ging thrugh a travel agency.”（我们决定去那儿旅行，但不通过旅行社。）及最后一段“Dn't be afraid t plan yur trip by yurself. It's nt difficult!”（别担心自己计划旅行，一点都不难。）可知，本文主要讲述作者和朋友通过自己做计划去意大利旅行的事，同时也介绍了自己做计划的优点，并建议我们也自己安排旅行，故选D项。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段“The trip was nt very lng but it was still very pleasant. We lk frward t ging there again!”（这趟旅程时间不是很长，但是仍然很快乐。我们期待再次来这儿。）可推测，这是在回答作者为什么决定再次去意大利旅行，所以文章没有回答为什么作者第一次决定去意大利旅行。故选A项。
3
Why can’t sme peple even get an inch f what they dream f becming? Blame it n pure dreaming and lack f surrunding gals fr achieving their dreams.
Setting gals is very significant part f accmplishing and psitive actins. It is like scaling (攀爬) a 200 feet cnstructin and marking in the early hurs n what feet yu wuld like t reach at this specific perid.
Peple wh set gals literally generate a map f their gal settings in life, marking where they shuld start, where t pause, where t study a bit, and where and when t end. Once this map cmes int being, it allws the map drawer t check where he is in the scheme (安排) f things and whether r nt he is making sme planning that will take him clser t his gals.
By surrunding gals, peple will knw hw they are ding and what they shuld be ding t get their gals r dreams in life. They will knw if they can relax r if they have t duble their effrts when they are falling shrt f what is expected f them.
Gal surrundings means a persn ispractivein dealing with challenges that may affect his plans. Being practive means ne is able t utline pssible difficulties that may ccur as well as the slutins t these difficulties. By ding this, a persn is nt easily scared r defeated when challenges ccur because he has already prepared fr them. He knws they can happen and he has prepared a slutin r strategy when that time cmes.
Setting gals will enable peple t track their prgress in whatever hard wrk they set ut t d. It will help peple becme mre cnfident in themselves and mre mtivated t get their plans.
7.The purpse f this passage is t ________.
A.explain the difference between the tw gals
B.shw the imprtance f surrunding gals
C.tell us hw t set and achieve ne’s gals
D.tell us setting gals makes ne cnfident
8.The underlined wrd “practive” in paragraph 5 may have the clsest meaning t “________”.
A.psitiveB.careful
C.braveD.prepared
9.Frm the passage, we can reach the cnclusin that ________.
A.achievements cme t thse wh are well prepared
B.everyne faces the situatin which is scaring r threatening
C.the higher ne sets his gal, the mre achievements he will have
D.success never cmes t peple wh always blame
【答案】7.B 8.D 9.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。为什么有些人的梦想不能实现？本文从设定目标、周围的目标等角度说明了周围的目标对实现梦想的重要性。
7.细节理解题。根据首句“Why can’t sme peple even get an inch f what they dream f becming? Blame it n pure dreaming and lack f surrunding gals fr achieving their dreams.(为什么有些人不能得到一点点自己梦想得到的东西？归咎于纯梦想，还有缺乏为实现梦想而应有的周围的目标)”及下文中各段首句中的关键词“setting gals”“surrunding gals”可知，本文的中心内容讲的是周围的目标对实现梦想的重要性。故选B。
8.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“dealing with challenges that may affect his plans(应对可能影响他计划的挑战)”及后面的“Being practive means ne is able t utline pssible difficulties that may ccur as well as the slutins t these difficulties.(具Being practive意味着一个人能够概述出可能出现的困难和对这么困难的解决办法)”可推知，划线词与D项prepared(准备好的)意思接近。故选D。
9.推理判断题。根据第二段句子“Setting gals is very significant part f accmplishing and psitive actins. It is like scaling (攀爬) a 200 feet cnstructin and marking in the early hurs n what feet yu wuld like t reach at this specific perid.(设定目标是完成与积极行为中的非常有意义的部分。它就像攀爬一个200英尺高的建筑，在这特定时期里几小时前就要设定好你想达到哪个英尺的高度)”和句子“Being practive means ne is able t utline pssible difficulties that may ccur as well as the slutins t these difficulties. (具有前瞻性/积极主动意味着一个人能够概述出可能出现的困难和对这困难的解决办法)”可知，要想实现自己的梦想，一个人必需提前做好准备。故选A。
4
Sme families chse t take extravagant(奢侈的) vacatins, such as t the Grand Canyn. Hwever, my favrite family "vacatin"was different. Nine years ag, my parents made a plan t build the hme f their dreams in the neighbrhd.
Hme Number I gradually turned int the management ffice fr building Hme Number 2. As Hme Number 2 began t take shape, it drew ur attentin and ur primary hme became the place where we slept nly. The three f us children wrked and became sn-t-be-skilled wrkers. I quickly learned that persnalities are readily displayed when we painted a wall. Sme repeated his demand, refusing thers t enter the area. Others systematically painted the wall, wrking frm tp t bttm in an rganized fashin. And ne might lse interest quickly and drew smiley faces and signed his name n the wall.
Of curse, the jurney desn't cme withut a few lessns learned. I came t understand that paint wuld never be remved frm my clthes n matter hw many times I washed it. We learned ther imprtant lessns when my dad wanted t shingle(用瓦片覆盖) a rf in the air: Safety is indeed imprtant, and smetimes mney is well spent in the emplyment(雇用) f prfessinal.
And a Mther's Day dinner served n a table culd actually taste far better at the end f a lng day's wrk than the everyday meals we remembered back at Hme Number 1. Mst imprtantly, I learned that my family can understand each ther's' barks. When we finally“arrived after28 mnths,the“place f interest" we nw call hme was better than any ther places, and ur family grew clser because f it.
10.What makes the authr's family vacatin different frm thers'?
A.The way f spending the vacatin.
B.The cst f spending the vacati
C.The length f time they spent n vacatin.
D.Peple wh they spent the vacatin with.
11.Which f the fllwing can best replace the underlined wrd"displayed"in Paragraph 2?
A.Develped.B.Shwn.
C.Changed.D.Cntrlled.
12.What did the authr learn when seeing his father wrking in the air?
A.Hw hard the jb was!B.His father's prfessinal level.
C.The value f building the hme.D.The need t emply a prfessinal.
13.What can be the best title fr this text?
A.Creating clse family
B.Life lessns I learned frm a trip
C.A different huse---building vacatin
D.Why a family vacatin is imprtant
【答案】10.A 11.B 12.D 13.C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”家与众不同的假期规划---建造房子。
10.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sme families chse t take extravagant(奢侈的) vacatins, such as t the Grand Canyn. Hwever, my favrite family "vacatin"was different. Nine years ag, my parents made a plan t build the hme f their dreams in the neighbrhd.”可知。有些家庭选择奢侈的假期，比如去大峡谷。然而，我最喜欢的家庭“假期”是不同的，我的父母计划在附近建造他们梦想中的家园，故可知，度假的方式使作者的家庭假期不同于其他人。故选A。
11.词义猜测题。根据第二段中“ Sme repeated his demand, refusing thers t enter the area. Others systematically painted the wall, wrking frm tp t bttm in an rganized fashin.”可知，有些人会重复他的要求，拒绝其他人进入该地区。还有一些人有条不紊地刷墙，从上到下有条不紊地刷墙。所以很快就知道了，当我们粉刷墙的时候，每个人的个性就会展现出来。所以划线词的意思是“展示”。故选B。
12.细节理解题。根据第三段中“We learned ther imprtant lessns when my dad wanted t shingle(用瓦片覆盖) a rf in the air: Safety is indeed imprtant, and smetimes mney is well spent in the emplyment(雇用) f prfessinal.”可知，当我爸爸要用瓦片盖屋顶的时候，我们意识到了，请专业的团队来是非常有必要的，故选D。
13.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Sme families chse t take extravagant(奢侈的) vacatins, such as t the Grand Canyn. Hwever, my favrite family "vacatin"was different. Nine years ag, my parents made a plan t build the hme f their dreams in the neighbrhd.”可知。有些家庭选择奢侈的假期，比如去大峡谷。然而，我最喜欢的家庭“假期”是不同的，我的父母计划在附近建造他们梦想中的家园。所以短文的最佳标题“建造房子的假期”故选C。
二、七选五
Hw t Plan a Vacatin?
A vacatin is suppsed t be a fun and relaxing break frm yur everyday life.14. Be ready t enjy yur time ff by planning yur travel, accmmdatins, and activities ahead f time. Giving yurself plenty f time t plan can be a fun way t build up excitement fr yur vacatin.
Decide why yu want t f whether yur gal is t relax and unwind, have new adventures, see famus r ancient sights, r prvide yur children with lifelng memries will determine what kind f destinatin yu shuld chse.
16. Instead f making this a chre, have it be a fun activity. Over the curse f a few days, weeks r ther lng duratin yu wish, spend sme time talking abut each place and why it wuld make a gd destinatin.
Research destinatin csts. While yu may take mre time after chsing a destinatin t find great deals n travel and htel arrangements, ding a quick nline search f apprximate csts t travel t each destinatin may help yu narrw yur chices based n yur budget.
Chse a destinatin. 17. If there is disagreement, find a way t cmprmise.
Chse when t travel. Depending n the seasn, a destinatin which is nrmally t ht r cld fr yu t cnsider might have a mre enjyable climate at a different time f the year. 18.
A.Cnsider everyne wh will be traveling with yu.
B.Discuss pssible destinatins with yur fellw travelers.
C.Ideally, everyne wh is traveling will agree n the same place.
D.Hwever, a prly planned vacatin can end up being a majr headache.
E.If yu knw why yu want t leave hme, chsing a destinatin will be easier.
F.This might als be reflected in a lwer cst, if yu decide t travel ut f seasn.
G.Keep in mind expenses t travel, stay and eat while yu are develping yur estimates.
【答案】14.D 15.E 16.B 17.C 18.F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样计划假期。
14.根据上文“A vacatin is suppsed t be a fun and relaxing break frm yur everyday life.(假期应该是你从日常生活中得到的一个有趣和放松的休息)”和下文“Be ready t enjy yur time ff by planning yur travel, accmmdatins, and activities ahead f time t plan can be a fun way t build up excitement fr yur vacatin.(准备好享受你的假期提前计划你的旅行、住宿和活动是为你的假期建立兴奋感的一种有趣的方式)”可知，设空处承上启下，D. Hwever, a prly planned vacatin can end up being a majr headache.(然而，一个计划不周的假期最终会成为一个大问题)符合语境。故选D。
15.根据上文“Decide why yu want t travel.(决定你为什么要旅行)”可知，设空处对上文进行解释说明旅行的原因，E. If yu knw why yu want t leave hme, chsing a destinatin will be easier.(如果你知道你为什么要离开家，选择目的地就容易多了)符合语境。故选E。
16.设空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Over the curse f a few days, weeks r ther lng duratin yu wish, spend sme time talking abut each place and why it wuld make a gd destinatin.(在几天、几周或其他你希望的长时间里，花点时间谈谈每个地方以及为什么它会是一个好去处)”可知，本段主要讨论的是和同行的人讨论可能会去的目的地。B. Discuss pssible destinatins with yur fellw travelers.(和你的旅伴讨论可能的目的地)符合语境。故选B。
17.本段的主题句为“选择一个目的地”，根据下文的“If there is disagreement, find a way t cmprmise.(如果有分歧，找到妥协的方法)”可知，所填写的句子应该是说明没有分歧的时候。C. Ideally, everyne wh is traveling will agree n the same place.(理想情况下，每个旅行的人都对同一个地方意见一致)符合语境。故选C。
18.本段的主题句是Chse when t travel.(选择旅行的时间)可知，本段讨论的内容和旅行的时间有关，F. This might als be reflected in a lwer cst, if yu decide t travel ut f seasn.(如果你决定在淡季旅行，这也可以享受较低的费用)符合语境。故选F。
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I dream t be 19. ppular teacher in the future because I hpe I can bring knwledge and 20.（happy） t children.
With time passing by, my wnderful middle schl life is cming t the end. Just when I 21.（enter）Sunshine Schl, I was a childish by 22. liked playing cmputer games. I still remembered my first mid-term exam. I failed many subjects. I even thught abut 23.（give）up. It was Ms Zhang wh encuraged me 24.（face） the difficulties bravely. With the help f my teacher, I redubled my effrts. Nwadays, I vercame difficulties and always d well in the schl subjects. Thanks 25. Ms Zhang, I have gained a lt bth in my study 26. in my life. I hpe I can be as 27.（excellently） as my teacher.
All in all, I will learn harder t get 28.（much） knwledge s as t lay a gd fundatin fr my future. I will make full use f my every secnd and make my dream cme true. I believe I can succeed!
【答案】
19.a
20.happiness
21.entered
22.wh/that
23.giving
24.t face
25.t
26.and
27.excellent
28.mre
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己中学生活的回忆，体现了对老师的感恩，并表达了自己想成为一名老师的梦想。
19.考查冠词。句意：我梦想将来成为一名受欢迎的老师，因为我希望我能给孩子们带来知识和快乐。此处teacher是单数可数名词，泛指的概念，应用不定冠词限定，因连接的形容词ppular以辅音音素开头，故填a。
20.考查名词。句意：我梦想将来成为一名受欢迎的老师，因为我希望我能给孩子们带来知识和快乐。根据空格前I can bring knwledge and可知，此处应填名词和knwledge并列，作动词bring的宾语，happy的名词形式为happiness，不可数。故填happiness。
21.考查动词时态。句意：当我进入阳光学校时，我还是一个喜欢玩电脑游戏的幼稚男孩。根据上下文以及本句后文“was”可知，这里描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填entered。
22.考查定语从句引导词。句意：当我进入阳光学校时，我还是一个喜欢玩电脑游戏的幼稚男孩。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a childish by，指人可用wh或that引导从句，在从句中用作主语。故填wh/that。
23.考查动名词。句意：我甚至考虑过放弃。根据空格前的介词abut，可知此处应用give的动名词作介词宾语，think abut ding sth“考虑做某事”是固定搭配。故填giving。
24.考查动词不定式。句意：是张老师鼓励我勇敢地面对困难。encurage sb t d sth“鼓励某人做某事”是动词固定用法，动词不定式用作宾补。故填t face。
25.考查介词、固定搭配。句意：幸亏有张老师，我在学习和生活中都获得了很多。thanks t（sb/sth）“幸亏，由于”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填t。
26.考查连词。句意：幸亏有张老师，我在学习和生活中都获得了很多。bth…and…“两个都；既……又……”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填and。
27.考查形容词。句意：我希望我能像我的老师一样优秀。根据空格前的I can be可知，此处应用形容词作表语，根据as…as可知，应用形容词excellent原级。故填excellent。
28.考查形容词比较级。句意：总之，我会更加努力的学习，获得更多的知识，为我的未来打下良好的基础。根据前文“I will learn harder”的句意可知，此处应用形容词much的比较级，修饰名词knwledge。故填mre。
四、完形填空
1
Mnty Rberts was the sn f a hrse trainer wh wuld g frm farm t farm and ranch (大牧场) t ranch, 29 hrses. One day, while he was still in 30 , Rberts was asked t write a paper abut what he wanted t be in the future.
That night, he wrte a seven—page 31 describing his gal f smeday wning a hrse 32 . He wrte abut his 33 in great detail and even drew pictures f the ranch.
He put a great deal f heart int the 34 and the next day he handed it in t his teacher. Tw days later, he gt his paper 35 . On the frnt page was a large red F with a nte that 36 , “See me after class.”
37 , Rberts went t see his teacher 38 class and asked, “Why did I receive an 39 ?”
The teacher said, “This is a(n) 40 dream fr a yung by like yu. Yu have n mney. Yu cme frm a 41 family. Yu have n resurces (财力). Buying a hrse ranch takes a lt f 42 . There’s n way yu culd ever d it. Change it.”
Rberts went hme and thught lng and hard. One week later, the by 43 the same paper, making n changes at all.
He said, “Yu can keep the F 44 I’ll keep my dream.”
After that, Rberts wrked very hard, little by little, and many years later he 45 wned a 200—acre hrse ranch. He shared his 46 with his friends. “I culd succeed because I had enugh curage and determinatin nt t 47 n my dream. Dn’t let anyne 48 yur dreams. Fllw yur heart, n matter what.”
B.sellingC.trainingD.feeding
B.ranchC.hspitalD.high schl
B.letterC.nteD.bk
B.ranchC.sheD.carriage
B.argumentC.dreamD.decisin
B.respnsibilityC.hrseD.prject
B.backC.inD.dwn
B.cmmentedC.explainedD.made
B.ExcitedC.BredD.Cnfident
B.inC.afterD.during
39.A.AB.FC.ED.H
B.unrealisticC.frighteningD.great
B.shamedC.prD.greedy
B.effrtsC.energyD.mney
inB.turned dwnC.turned verD.turned up
B.untilC.unlessD.and
B.frtunatelyC.peacefullyD.curiusly
B.ambitinC.braveryD.experience
inB.give upC.give awayD.give thrugh
B.replaceC.stealD.educate
【答案】29.C 30.D 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.A 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.B 41.C 42.D
43.A 44.D 45.A 46.D 47.B 48.C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了蒙提·罗伯茨在高中时描述自己的梦想并被老师打分不及格，要求他更换一个能做到的理想。但是蒙提·罗伯茨没有放弃他的梦想，他非常努力地工作，许多年后，他终于实现了这个梦想。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：蒙提·罗伯茨的父亲是一名驯马师，他的父亲经常从一个农场跑到另一个农场，从一个大牧场跑到另一个大牧场，去训练马。A. buying购买，收买；B. selling出售； C. training训练；D. feeding饲养 。根据the sn f a hrse trainer可知此处表示训练马。故选C。
30.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当罗伯茨还在上高中的时候，有一天他被要求写一篇关于他将来想成为什么的作文。A. farm农场；B. ranch大牧场；C. hspital医院；D. high schl高中，中学。根据下文and the next day he handed it in t his teacher可知此处表示高中。故选D。
31.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，他写了一篇长达七页的作文，描述了自己将来有一天能拥有一座养马大牧场的目标。A. paper纸，论文，作文；B. letter字母，信；C. nte笔记，音符；D. bk书本 。根据上文Rberts was asked t write a paper可知表示论文。故选A。
32.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，他写了一篇长达七页的论文，描述了自己将来有一天能拥有一座养马大牧场的目标。A. trainer训练员；B. ranch大牧场；C. she鞋子； D. carriage运输，客车厢 。根据下文and even drew pictures f the ranch可知此处表示大牧场。故选B。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他详细地描述了他的梦想，甚至还画了大牧场的图画。A. discvery 发现；B. argument争论；C. dream梦想；D. decisin 结论。根据下文 I’ll keep my dream可知此处表示梦想。故选C。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他花了很多心思在这个课题上，第二天他把它交给了老师。A. adventure 冒险；B. respnsibility 责任，义务；C.hrse马；D. prject（学生的）课题。根据He wrte abut his 5 in great detail and even drew pictures f the ranch. 可知此处表示他花了很多心思在这个课题上。故选D。
35.考查副词词义辨析。句意：两天后，他拿回了作文。A. acrss穿过，横过；B. back在后面；C. in在…里面； D. dwn在下面，向下 。根据On the frnt page was a large red F with a nte that 8 ，可知此处他拿回了作文。故选B。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一页上有一个又红又大的F，旁边还写着：“下课后来找我。”A. read写着；B. cmmented评论；C. explained解释；D. made制造，造成。根据“See me after class.”可知此处表示旁边是老师写的话，写着“下课后见我。”。故选A。
37.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下课后，罗伯茨困惑地去找老师，问道：“为什么给我一个F呢?”A. Cnfused困惑的；B.Excited令人兴奋的；C. Bred无聊的；D. Cnfident自信的 。根据“Why did I receive an _____11_____ ?”可知此处表示他是困惑的。故选A。
38.考查连词词义辨析。句意：下课后，罗伯茨困惑地去找老师，问道：“为什么给我一个F呢?”A. befre在…之前；B.in在…里面；C. after在…之后；D. during在…期间 。根据上文See me after class可知此处表示下课后。故选C。
39.考查名词词义辨析。句意：下课后，罗伯茨困惑地去找老师，问道：“为什么给我一个F呢?” 根据上文On the frnt page was a large red F可知是得到一个F。故选B。
40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对你这样的孩子来说，这是不现实的梦想。A. hrrible可怕的；B. unrealistic不切实际的，不现实的；C. frightening令人恐惧的；D. great伟大的。根据下文There’s n way yu culd ever d it. Change it.可知表示老师说这是一个不现实的梦想。故选B。
41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你出身贫寒。A. classic经典的，古典的；B. shamed羞耻的；C. pr贫穷的，可怜的； D. greedy贪婪的，贪吃的 。根据Yu have n resurces (财力). 可知此处表示贫穷的。故选C。
42.考查名词词义辨析。句意：买一个养马大牧场要花很多钱。A. space空间，太空；B. effrts努力；C. energy能量；D. mney钱。根据Buying a hrse ranch 可知买一个养马大牧场要花很多钱。故选D。
43.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一周后，男孩交了同样的一篇作文，没有做任何修改。A. turned in交上，归还；B. turned dwn减小，关小，调低，拒绝；C. turned ver移交给，翻阅；D. turned up出现，发生，开大。根据making n changes at all可知此处表示上交了同样的一篇作文。故选A。
44.考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说：“你可以保留这个F，我将继续实现我的梦想。”A. s因此；B. until直到；C. unless除非；D. and并且。根据Yu can keep the F和I’ll keep my dream之间是并列关系，可知此处要用并列连词。故选D。
45.考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，罗伯茨非常努力地工作，一点一点地，许多年后，他终于拥有了一个200英亩的牧马场。A. finally最后，终于；B. frtunately幸运地；C.peacefully和平地，平静地；D. curiusly好奇地。根据many years later 可知此处表示最后的结果。故选A。
46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和朋友们分享了他的经历。A. preference偏爱；B.ambitin野心，抱负；C. bravery勇敢，勇气；D. experience 经验，经历。根据 “I culd succeed because I had enugh curage and determinatin nt t 19 n my dream.可知，他和朋友们分享了他的经历。故选D。
47.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我能成功是因为我有足够的勇气和决心不放弃我的梦想。A. give in屈服，让步；B. give up放弃，交出；C. give away泄露，赠送；D. give thrugh参加，经受，仔细检查，被通过。根据上文I’ll keep my dream可知此处表示不放弃自己的梦想。故选B。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要让任何人偷走你的梦想。A. appreciate欣赏，感激；B. replace取代，代替；C. steal偷窃，窃取；D. educate教育。根据Fllw yur heart, n matter what.可知此处表示不要让任何人偷走你的梦想。故选C。
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When I entered the 9th grade,I fell in lve with cllege,wanting t pursue art fr the rest f my life.T me, 49 means a chance t further my educatin and my abilities in art.I want t 50 in Game Art and Animatin t develp characters and their stries that I d nw thrugh drawing,hping t be recgnized in the game industry like
Rill Gates knwn in the cmputer wrld.I lng fr a kind f busy lifestyle 51 new things.s Game Art will nt be the 52 thing that I will be knwn fr.I plan t make a career ut f every talent I have,develping each talent t the fullest.
I think as I get lder my curisity will 53 t the height I have never thught pssible.I remember when in the 3rd grade my teacher Mrs Green said smething t us in Spanish.I never understd 54 she did that,but nw I realize she wanted t expand ur little brains,shwing us that there was 55 ur neighburhd in the wrld.I 56 her greatly fr that. Back then I didn't really care fr anybdy else' s 57 ,but nw l' m teaching myself Japanese and Spanish.Culture is a very imprtant part f life and cllege will help me 58 different cultures.
Cllege is als an pprtunity t meet new peple.Lking frward t attending cllege utside my 59 ,1 believe being in a different envirnment will 60 me t learn and create.I will feel 61 ,surrunded by peple with dreams and even mre individuals willing t help thers 62 their dreams.
I wish t inspire future generatins just like Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.did!Cllege will take much time and 63 ,but I am ready t cnsider it as bth a challenge and a fun experience.
B.cllegeC.gamesD.life
B.studyC.playD.learn
inB.rely nC.full fD.instead f
B.veryC.sameD.nly
B.expandC.raiseD.strengthen
B.whyC.hwD.where
thanB.rather thanC.better thanD.mre than
B.regretC.respectD.expect
B.cuntryC.languageD.culture
B.explreC.frgetD.like
B.huseC.neighburhdD.cllege. .
B.cause.C.frceD.inspire
B.cnnectedC.upsetD.unlucky
trueB.setC.findD.achieve
B.devtinC.prgressD.knwledge
【答案】49.B 50.A51.C 52.D 53.B 54.B 55.D 56.C 57.D 58.B 59.C 60.D 61.A 62.D 63.B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者爱上了大学，想通过大学这个机会继续教育并发挥自己的能力，扩展自己的眼界。
49.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，大学意味着一个机会来继续我的教育和我的艺术能力。A. art艺术；B. cllege大学；C. games游戏；D. life生活。根据上文说我爱上了大学，想要用我的余生去追求艺术，可以推断这里说的是大学，故选B。
50.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想学习游戏艺术和动画专业，通过绘画来开发我现在做的角色和他们的故事，希望在游戏行业得到认可，就像计算机世界里的Rill Gates一样。A. majr主修；B. study学习；C. play玩；D. learn学习。根据上文说上大学，可以推断这里应该是主修什么专业，故选A。
51.考查短语辨析。句意：我渴望一种充满新鲜事物的忙碌生活方式。A. filled in填充；B. rely n依靠；C. full f充满；D. instead f代替。根据上文说渴望这种生活方式，所以充满新鲜事物更符合语境，故选C。
52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以游戏艺术将不是我唯一被认可的东西。A. ne一个；B. very十分的；C. same同样的；D. nly唯一的。根据下文我计划利用我的每一项才能，将每一项才能发挥到极致。由此可推断这里不是唯一的，故选D。
53.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想，随着年龄的增长，我的好奇心会扩展到我从未想过的高度。A. narrw缩小；B. expand扩展；C. raise提升；D. strengthen加强。根据下文but nw I realize she wanted t expand ur little brains，可知这里为扩展，故选B。
54.考查宾语从句的连接副词。句意：我一直不明白她为什么这么做，但现在我意识到她是想扩展我们的小脑，向我们展示世界上不仅仅是我们的周围。A. when什么时候；B. why为什么；C. hw怎样；D. where哪里。根据下文说我现在意识到她是想扩展我们的小大脑，可推断上文我不明白她为什么这么做，故选B。
55.考查短语辨析。句意：同上。A. less than少于；B. rather than而不是；C. better than优于；D. mre than多于。根据上文说扩展我们的小脑，可知下文是让我们了解比我们周围更多的东西，故选D。
56.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我因此非常尊敬她。A. suspect怀疑；B. regret后悔；C. respect尊敬；D. expect期盼。根据上文说我的老师想扩展我的大脑，向我们展示在世界上有比我们周围更多的东西，因此是尊敬，故选C。
57.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候我不太喜欢别人的文化，但是现在我在自学日语和西班牙语。A. pinin意见；B. cuntry国家；C. language语言；D. culture文化。根据下文Culture is a very imprtant part f life，可知上文说的是文化，故选D。
58.考查动词词义辨析。句意：文化是生活中非常重要的一部分，大学将帮助我探索不同的文化。A. remember记住；B. explre探索；C. frget忘记；D. like喜欢。根据常识，大学应该是帮助我探索不同的文化，故选B。
59.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我期待在我的地区之外上大学，我相信在一个不同的环境中会激励我去学习和创造。A. talent天才；B. huse房子；C. neighbrhd 地区； D. cllege大学。根据下文说在一个不同的环境，所以应该是我所在地区之外，故选C。
60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. make制造；B. cause引起；C. frce迫使；D. inspire激励。根据下文说学习和创造，这里激励更符合语境，故选D。
61.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很舒服，周围都是有梦想的人，甚至有更多的人愿意帮助别人实现他们的梦想。A. cmfrtable舒服的；B. cnnected相关的；C. upset不安的；D. unlucky不幸运的。根据下文周围都是有梦想的人，可知应该是感到舒服的，故选A。
62.考查动词及词组辨析。句意：同意。A. cme true成为现实；B. set安排；C. find找到；D. achieve实现。根据上文我感到舒服，可知是有更多的人愿意帮助别人实现他们的梦想，cme true应该是理想作为主语，故选D。
63.考查名词词义辨析。句意：上大学需要很多时间和投入，但我已经准备好把它看作是一种挑战和有趣的经历。A. mney金钱；B. devtin奉献，投入；C. prgress成绩；D. knwledge知识。根据Cllege will take much time可知，上大学是需要时间和投入的，故选B。