高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists随堂练习题

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

[基础训练]

Ⅰ　单词拼写

1．He has always lived in the          (影子) of his brother.

答案：shadow

2．A          (彩虹) hung high in the sky.

答案：rainbow

3．(·天津高考)I liked facts, things that are          (确凿的)．

答案：concrete

4．This tradition can          (追溯) back to the early 19th century.

答案：trace

5．The boy who won the scholarship was a quite          (出色的) student.

答案：outstanding

6．(·天津高考)I thought anything a         left too much room for argument.

答案：abstract

7．Don't p         hot water into the glass, or it will crack.

答案：pour

8．(·全国卷Ⅲ)Monica Stansfield is a sales a        . 

答案：assistant

9．The plane was shot down in error by a US m        .

答案：missile

10．A small baby has no c         of right and wrong.

答案：concept

Ⅱ　单句语法填空

1．The sun          (cast) its golden rays on the calm sea.

答案：cast

2．The          (mechanical) soon fixed up the motor.

答案：mechanic

3．Rebuilding and          (defend) our homeland is our duty.

答案：defending

4．Under his          (leader) we won one victory after another.

答案：leadership

5．Su Bingtian is a          (gift) athlete.

答案：gifted

Ⅲ　单句写作

1．战争爆发后，两国间断绝了外交关系。

When the war                 ， the two countries broke off their diplomatic relation.

答案：broke out

2．由她分管计划生育工作。

She is put                  the family planning affairs.

答案：in charge of

3．他一定是感冒了，因为他嗓子沙哑。

He must have                  a bad cold, for he has got a sore throat.

答案：come down with

4．首要的是，更多的人需要创业。

                ， more people need to start a business.

答案：Above all

5．这篇文章通过分析，在科学思维训练的基础上，构建科学方法。

This article is to build a scientific method based on                  training through the analysis.

答案：scientific thought

[思维训练]

Ⅰ　阅读

(·山东省青岛市高二适应性考试)

British Museum

Located in Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, the British Museum houses a vast collection of world art and artifacts and is free to all visitors. The British Museum's remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history and culture, and it has more than 7 million objects, so it would probably take a week to see everything.

Over 6 million visitors every year experience the collection, including world－famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone and Egyptian mummies.

Admission and opening times

Free, open daily 10：00 to 17：30.

Open until 20：30 on Fridays, except Good Friday.

Closed on 24, 25 and 26 December and 1 January.

Large luggage, suitcases and cabin baggage

For everyone's safety, all bags, packages and personal items may be searched before entry. Wheeled cases and large items of luggage are not allowed on British Museum for safety and security reasons. Storage for luggage is available at major rail stations, including Euston, King's Cross and Charing Cross.

Membership

Membership allows you to discover 2 million years of human history with free unlimited entry to special exhibitions, an exclusive discount offer on magazine subscription and many more benefits.

Individual membership: ￡74

Under 26 membership: ￡54

Young friends (ages 815): ￡25

Shops

The Museum has four shops where you can buy books, souvenirs, and family gifts.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大英博物馆的规模、展览内容、开放时间等。

1．When can you visit the British Museum?

A．At 9：00 Friday. B．At 12：00 Monday.

C．On Christmas Day. D．On Good Friday.

答案：B　细节理解题。根据Admission and opening times部分中的“... open daily 10：00 to 17：30”可知，你可以在星期一中午12点去参观。故选B。

2．Where can visitors store their large luggage?

A．At major train stations.

B．At some crossings.

C．In the hall of the Museum.

D．At the entrance to the Museum.

答案：A　细节理解题。根据Large luggage, suitcases and cabin baggage部分中最后一句“Storage for luggage is available at major rail stations, including Euston, Kings Cross and Charing Cross.”可知，游客可以在主要的铁路站寄存行李。故选A。

3．If two friends aged 14 and 18 apply for membership of the Museum, how much should they pay?

A．￡25. B．￡79.

C．￡50. D．￡148.

答案：B　细节理解题。根据Membership部分中的“Individual membership: ￡74; Under 26 membership: ￡54; Young friends(ages 815)：￡25”可知，他们申请会员证需要25＋54＝79英镑。故选B。

4．What can we learn about the British Museum from the passage?

A．Visitors are not allowed to do shopping in the museum.

B．You can become a member only through magazine subscription.

C．The museum enjoys a high popularity around the world.

D．You need to take a week to see all the objects in the museum.

答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章前两段可知，大英博物馆历史悠久，藏品丰富，每年有六百多万游客参观。由此可推知，大英博物馆在全球都很受欢迎。故选C。

1．security n. 安全工作 2.subscription n. 订阅，订购

1．a vast collection of 大量的

2．be free to 对……免费

Ⅱ　七选五

(·重庆市万州区高二月考)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.   1 

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.   2   We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.   3 

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.   4   The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.   5   “You keep what matters，” Tononi says.

A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家关于睡眠对人体的影响的研究成果。

1．C　该段首句指出每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜。接下来是具体例证，如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，因此可推知“而同样的，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病”符合文意。故选C。

2．E　该段首句提出了第一个观点，睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。与这个论点相呼应的例子是E项，该项中的that指代的就是前面的观点，也就是说，这个观点能够解释“为什么学生如果能在学习之后睡觉休息，会在考试中发挥得更好”。

3．F　由下段首句中的代词he可知，该空中必然包含一个人名。只有F项能与本段的内容衔接，也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除记忆，为新记忆腾出空间。“按照研究人员Tononi的说法，‘睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价’”。

4．G　该段首句说“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的观点是对的”，那接下来应该是具体描述该证据。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。故G项符合语境。

5．B　由空格后的“You keep what matters(你记住要紧的事情)”可知选B项“似乎大脑在保存它最重要的记忆”。