高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试

课时作业(二)

[基础训练]

Ⅰ　单词拼写

1．(·浙江高考)The principle for dealing with praise is to consider the          (联系) between praise and effort.

答案：link

2．The driver of the crashed car received          (多处) injuries.

答案：multiple

3．The          (统计数字) for the number of patients getting COVID－19 (新冠肺炎) were falling day by day.

答案：statistics

4．(·北京高考)Who is to          (责怪) for the problem of robocalls?

答案：blame

5．She is preparing a          (丰盛的) meal for his return.

答案：substantial

6．The damaged area is examined under a m        .

答案：microscope

7．(·浙江高考)She s         his honesty about his statement.

答案：suspected

8．Peanuts are delicious both r         and cooked.

答案：raw

9．Mary had to work extra hours to help cover h         expenses.

答案：household

10．I turned the h         and found the door was open.

答案：handle

Ⅱ　单句语法填空

1．The answers to this question were various and          (contradict).

答案：contradictory

2．It's not right to make a decision without          (investigate) and study.

答案：investigation

3．Air, water, clothing and insects are all means of          (infect).

答案：infection

4．My suggestion is          we pay the guide accordingly.

答案：that

5．“We can solve our own problems and no          (intervene), please，” he continued.

答案：intervention

6．I prefer          (purely) water to coffee at any time.

答案：pure

7．His blood pressure had dropped          (severe).

答案：severely

8．Your life would get          (transform) after this event.

答案：transformed

9．John brought the absolute          (prove) that we needed.

答案：proof

10．Population growth is          (decrease) by 1.4% each year.

答案：decreasing

Ⅲ　单句写作

1．我从来不赞同顾客永远是对的这种理论。

I never                  the theory that the customer is always right.

答案：subscribe to

2．这种水泵的主要特点是操作简便。

The main characteristic of this                  is easy to operate.

答案：water pump

3．多亏近来的研究才有了有效的疗法。

                 recent research, effective treatments are available.

答案：Thanks to

4．钟南山院士向我们解释了新冠肺炎是如何扩散开来的。

NA Zhong Nanshan explained to us        COVID－19        .

答案：how; spread

5．但事实是，这种情况只会发生在一小部分病人身上。

But                      this happens for only a minority of patients.

答案：the truth is that

[思维训练]

阅读

A

(·河北省石家庄新华区高二检测) Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?

Sometimes, people think they have already known the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.

Charles Darwin didn't settle for just thinking he knew something. And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.

Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything.

But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present－day understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.

Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.

篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。最简单的想法都可能动摇科学的根基，因此作者建议我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。

1．The passage tells us that Charles Darwin         .

A．was a great English scientist

B．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult

C．thought even the simplest thing was important

D．didn't get on well with others

答案：C　细节理解题。文中并没有说查尔斯·达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；文中说法是别人认为达尔文的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的情况，可排除D。由第三段最后一句可知答案为C。

2．The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means “        ”．

A．throw away  B．store up

C．put to use  D．realize

答案：A　词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单的实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此此处意为这些理解“推翻”了一些古希腊物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。

3．The author of the passage tries to         .

A．convince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world

B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things

C．prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed

D．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us

答案：D　推理判断题。文章最后一段点明作者的观点：最简单的想法都可能动摇科学的根基，即告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。

4．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Darwin really did foolish experiments.

B．According to some people, Darwin did foolish experiments.

C．It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.

D．Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.

答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，有些人认为达尔文做了愚蠢的实验。

1．present－day adj. 当今的 2.foundation n. 基础

settle for 满足于

B

(·山东省新泰市高二月考) Louis Pasteur was a world－famous French chemist and biologist.

He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine. The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals—rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation.

On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.

On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world.

Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint－Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名的化学家和生物学家路易斯·巴斯德在狂犬病治疗方面的杰出贡献。

5．A person can develop rabies         .

A．if he is bitten by a rabbit

B．if he touches infected saliva

C．if infected saliva enters his wounds

D．if he touches an infected animal

答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，人类感染狂犬病的途径有两种，一种是被已传染的动物咬伤；另一种是通过传染性唾液进入伤口。C项对应的是第二种途径。

6．Rabies probably can destroy a person's         .

A．nervous system  B．blood

C．skin  D．saliva

答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，动物感染狂犬病后，病毒便附着在其身体的中枢神经上，由此可推知，人类感染的话情况也是一样的。故A项正确。

7．What can we learn about Pasteur's test of his vaccine on the man?

A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later.

B．It didn't save the man's life.

C．It proved to be a great success.

D．The man was his second patient.

答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，路易斯·巴斯德第一次在人身上试验他研制的疫苗就获得了成功。故C项正确。

8．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Pasteur's rabies vaccine is out of date.

B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients.

C．Injections of vaccine still take much time.

D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine.

答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，改进过的巴斯德方法到今天仍然在使用，新的疫苗比旧的更加安全，注射时长也更短，因此推断D项正确。

1．biologist n. 生物学家

2．existing adj. 现存的；现行的

3．infected adj. 感染的；带菌的

1．be urged to do 被催促做某事

2．state funeral 国葬(国家级葬礼)