人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language (Grammar)

 [基础训练]

Ⅰ　单词拼写

1．The          (发现) might apply to other species, researchers say.

答案：finding

2．(·北京高考)Positive          (思维) and action result in success.

答案：thinking

3．Milk products are an excellent source of          (蛋白质).

答案：protein

4．This v         infected thousands of computers within days.

答案：virus

5．Every animal or plant is made up of millions of c        .

答案：cells

Ⅱ　单句语法填空

1．Water may change from a liquid to a          (solid).

答案：solid

2．The police suspect him          carrying out two bomb attacks.

答案：of

3．That was          I really thought then.

答案：what

4．It seems          I were speaking to you for the first time.

答案：as if

5．This was          (initial) a theoretical concern.

答案：initially

6．I worry a lot about          I can handle this new job.

答案：whether

7．Can you tell me          blue shirt is on the bed?

答案：whose

8．I don't subscribe          such views.

答案：to

9．All the windows are open, that's          it is so windy.

答案：why

10．I think it is          he doesn't know her.

答案：because

Ⅲ　单句写作

1．首先，设计好分析的理论框架。

First, we lay out the                  for our analysis.

答案：theoretical framework

2．这不能怪他，只怪我没有交代清楚。

This is not his fault. I am                  not having made it clear to him.

答案：to blame for

3．这个角色使他成为了家喻户晓的人物。

This role has turned him into                 .

答案：a household name

4．我所怀疑的是你们得到的数据是否准确。

What I suspect of is                  of yours are accurate.

答案：whether the statistics

5．我们应该考虑的是如何在战“疫”中减少病死率。

What we should think about is                        the death rate in fighting the disease.

答案：how we can decrease

[思维训练]

Ⅰ　语言运用

(·西安市莲湖区高二检测)Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full   1   of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not   2   on obvious facts, and therefore   3   to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas   4   and makes experiments to prove them.

The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to   5   as far back as the time of Roger Bacon. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to   6   that we should learn science   7   observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself   8   many important truths.

Galileo (15641642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England,   9   began to show how many important   10   could be discovered by observation by degrees. It is Galileo's spirit of going direct to nature, and proving our   11   and theories by experiment, that has   12   all the discoveries of modern science.

What   13   those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know   14   that successful scientists are those whose observations have   15   better results.

篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了一位科学家应该具有的品质：不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。

1．A.use  B．sense

C．speed  D．trust

答案：A　根据第一段第二句可知，一位成功的科学家通常是一位好的观察者，故此处应填use。 make full use of “充分利用，充分使用”为固定词组。故选A。

2．A.relied  B．based

C．insisted  D．centered

答案：B　根据该空前的“He doesn't accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处应用be based on这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。故选B。

3．A.refuses  B．desires

C．intends  D．regrets

答案：A　由空格前的“doesn't accept ideas ...”和“and therefore”可知，此处应选refuses，表示拒绝把权威作为对真理的唯一解释。故选A。

4．A.casually  B．carefully

C．quickly  D．privately

答案：B　根据前面“He always checks ideas”和后面的“and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示仔细地(carefully)核查这些观点。故选B。

5．A.date  B．keep C．look  D．come

答案：A　由空格后的“the time of Roger Bacon”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date back是固定词组，意为“追溯到”。故选A。

6．A.command  B．suspect

C．suggest  D．conclude

答案：C　根据空格后的内容可知，这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议，故选C。

7．A.in  B．with

C．on  D．by

答案：D　根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故选D。

8．A.brought  B．discovered

C．handled  D．announced

答案：B　结合空格后的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现(discover)了很多重要的真理。第10空后的discovered也是提示。故选B。

9．A.who  B．when

C．that  D．where

答案：A　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词great men进行补充说明，故用who引导定语从句。故选A。

10．A.truths  B．problems

C．investigations  D．subjects

答案：A　由空格后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。truth “事实，真理”。第8空后的“many important truths”也是提示。故选A。

11．A.plans  B．opinions

C．world  D．ability

答案：B　与后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinion)和理论。故选B。

12．A.led to  B．turned to

C．set up  D．put forward

答案：A　这里是说正是伽利略对自然不断探索的精神使得现代科学能有发现。lead to “导致，造成”。故选A。

13．A.makes  B．prevents

C．considers  D．promises

答案：A　结合下文中的“successful scientists are those ...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。make “使变得，使成为”。故选A。

14．A.likely  B．clearly

C．naturally  D．unwillingly

答案：B　结合上文所举的例子我们可以清楚地(clearly)知道，科学家之所以成功是因为他们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选B。

15．A.foreseen  B．rejected

C．produced  D．challenged

答案：C　这里是说成功的科学家是那些他们的观察产生了(produce)更好的结果的人。结合语境，应选C。

Ⅱ　阅读

(·江苏省苏州枫华高级中学高二测试) Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in England.While she was growing up, two of her brothers and six of her sisters died. Elizabeth decided to become a doctor.

Her father was a sugar businessman. He encouraged equalitybetween boys and girls, so, unlike most girls, Elizabeth had the same education as boys.

One night, when Elizabeth was eleven, a fire destroyed her family's business. The family became so poor that Mr Blackwell decided to go to America. When the family reached New York, Mr Blackwell tried to start a new business, but failed. In 1837, he died.

After being refused several times by medical schools, Elizabeth was finally accepted by Geneva Medical College in New York, largely as a joke. People there, even women, thought she was indecent and asked her to leave. But with great determination, Elizabeth graduated with high honors. After graduation, Elizabeth went to Paris to learn more about medicine. Elizabeth returned to America in 1851. There she helped other women become doctors and opened a medicine store. Then, she begged her rich friends to give money to build a hospital.

Elizabeth's dream came true in 1857 when the New York Infirmary For Women And Children opened its doors. It was the first true hospital for women, run by women doctors in the world. In 1868, the hospital opened a medical college for women. After that, Elizabeth received a letter from Europe asking her to come to her homeland and do for the women of Europe what she had done in America. She returned to England in 1869. There she served for forty years, which made her a hero.

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了西方首位取得医学博士学位成为医生的伟大女性Elizabeth Blackwell以及她为妇女、儿童所作的贡献。

1．What made Elizabeth want to be a doctor?

A．Her poor family.

B．Her father's advice.

C．Her family members' early death.

D．The inequality between girls and boys.

答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。

2．Why did Elizabeth's family move to America?

A．To sell more sugar.

B．To look for chances to live.

C．To open a hospital for women.

D．To help Elizabeth study medicine.

答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。

3．It can be inferred from Para. 4 that in America         .

A．hardly any women studied medicine

B．studying medicine was considered decent

C．women were not allowed to receive education

D．women and children suffered a lot from poor health

答案：A　推理判断题。第四段讲到Elizabeth一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝，在她被纽约的一家医学院录取后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离开，由此可知当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。

4．Which is the right order of the following events about Elizabeth?

a．She opened the first hospital for women.

b．She opened a medicine store in America.

c．Her family moved to New York.

d．She graduated from a medical school.

e．She returned to England to serve.

f．Her family's business was destroyed.

g．She went to Paris to study medicine.

A．c－f－d－g－b－a－e B．f－c－d－g－b－a－e

C．f－c－g－d－b－a－e  D．f－c－g－d－b－e－a

答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章内容可知所列事件的正确顺序是：Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产→她全家搬到纽约谋生→她从医学院毕业→她到巴黎进修→她在美国开了一家药店→她开了第一家妇幼医院→她返回家乡作贡献。

1．equality n. 平等 2.indecent adj. 下流的

serve for 为……服务

Ⅲ　语法填空

What is discovered by scientists in a recent research about health is   1   staying in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat—a type of fat   2   produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, which helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results   3   weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant and   4   (comfort) temperatures, our body's need for brown fat has decreased. They found that: “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who   5   (expose) to cold temperature have   6   significant amount of brown fat when   7   (compare) to same－aged indoor workers.”

The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice.   8   group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high­fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity (肥胖症). People who are obese have   9   (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could be very important for the research, the target of which is   10   we can treat and prevent obesity and obesity－related diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could possibly lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”

1．        　2.        　3.        　4.       

5．        　6.        　7.        　8.       

9．        　10.       

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家在最近一项关于健康的研究中发现，寒冷可以帮助我们减肥。

1．that　考查表语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，that引导的从句为is的表语。从句不缺少任何成分，故引导词应为that。

2．which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指物，所以应填which/that。

3．in　考查介词。句意：白色脂肪储存额外的能量，这会导致体重增加。result in “导致；造成”。故填in。

4．comfortable　考查词性转换。所填词和constant并列作temperatures的定语，所以应填形容词。故填comfortable。

5．are exposed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。定语从句中缺少谓语，expose与先行词之间是被动关系，且表示经常性的动作，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，又因who代指workers，所以根据主谓一致原则应填are exposed。

6．a　考查冠词。significant的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

7．compared　考查非谓语动词。此处是“when＋分词”结构在句中作状语，compare与其逻辑主语Outdoor workers之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填compared。

8．One　考查限定词。从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，应填限定词One。

9．lower　考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处用形容词的比较级，故填lower。

10．how　考查表语从句的连接词。此处作系动词is的表语，连接词应为how，在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何”。