江苏省镇江丹阳市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题含答案

这是一份江苏省镇江丹阳市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题含答案，共29页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，根据汉语意思填写单词，根据首字母填写单词，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

江苏省镇江丹阳市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Children love boats and our Canal Museum is a great place to bring them what will be both interesting and educational. They will love exploring the narrow boat cabin, and they will love the horse!
Children’s summer activities
On most Wednesdays, we offer special fun — filled days of activities for children. See the Watery Wednesdays page for more details!
Age and suitability
We recommend the museum for children aged six and over. Younger children are welcome but are probably not old enough to enjoy museum visits. Children under 14 years must visit accompanied by an adult.
The activity zone
The activity zone is a small area on the ground floor for our youngest visitors. There they can build a bridge, using the materials provided, and there is a whiteboard with magnetic letters and canal related images to be used to create artistic effects! There are children’s books, and things to colour in. Cut-out model boats to make are available free from reception.
Supervision（监管）
Parents and other adults in charge of children should remember that they are responsible for supervision at all times. Children should not be allowed to tour the building unaccompanied.
Henrietta’s trail
Henrietta’s trail is the most excellent journey around the museum led by Henrietta, the museum’s horse. In various places around the building you will see the image of Henrietta. There are free trail sheets available at reception. It is a journey of discovery — a fun way to explore the exhibitions and learn something at the same time.
1. What should you do when your 7-year-old son wants to visit the museum?
A. To tell him he can’t enjoy himself in the museum.
B. To ask him to read Watery Wednesdays page first.
C. To ask him to play all by himself.
D. To be with him when visiting it.
2. What can children do in the activity zone?
A. They can learn to draw pictures.
B. They can develop their operating ability.
C. They can build a bridge with whiteboards offered.
D. They can get some books for nothing.
3. Which of the following is the most attractive for children?
A. Reading children’s books. B. Making model boats.
C. Being with parents. D. Riding Henrietta.
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一家博物馆的活动安排及相关说明。
1. 细节理解题。根据Age and suitability中的“Children under 14 years must visit accompanied by an adult.(14岁以下儿童必须在成人陪同下参观。)”可知，当你7岁的儿子想参观博物馆时，你应该和他一起去参观。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据The activity zone中的“There they can build a bridge, using the materials provided, and there is a whiteboard with magnetic letters and canal related images to be used to create artistic effects! (在那里，他们可以使用提供的材料建造一座桥，还有一块带有磁性字母和运河相关图像的白板，用于创造艺术效果！)”可知，孩子们在活动区，儿童可以用白板搭一座桥。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Henrietta’s trail is the most excellent journey around the museum led by Henrietta, the museum’s horse. (亨丽埃塔的足迹是博物馆最精彩的旅程，由博物馆的马亨丽埃塔带领。)”可知，骑小马亨丽埃塔对孩子最有吸引力。故选D。
There is a constant struggle between talent and hard work. The topic of “hard work vs talent” has been researched by many scientists and even they do not have the only right conclusion.
Ericsson, Krampe, and Tech-Romer have pointed out that talent is irrelevant in distant 1993 yet. They connected success with a deliberate practice that lasts for over 10 thousand hours. Moreover, it must be goal-oriented, intensive and thoughtful for better results.
However, recent studies support another viewpoint. Both Malcolm Gladwell（2008）and David Brooks（2011）agree that there is no guarantee that a person with a higher IQ level will be more successful in life. At the same time, talent means nothing without hard work and this thought was formulated(阐述)by Stephen King several dozen years ago.
Why is talent important?
It goes without saying that there are no equal people in the world. Even siblings(兄弟姐妹) may look absolutely the same but be different in character and preferences. That means that their inborn talents are various as well.
For example, if you gather 10 children in one classroom and teach them the same information using a single approach, the results of this studying will be very different. Not only talent will play a significant role in that but also attention, desire, and even upbringing(家庭教育). Of course, it has been confirmed that intelligence is inherited but upbringing is not less important. Some parents work with their kids from the first day of pregnancy and these children will show better results than ones left on their own.
If you wish to become best of the best like an Olympic Games champion, talent appears to be a necessity here. But if you desire to get promotion and win the competition among young colleagues, hard work and desire are your keys to success even if you are not lucky to have been born talented.
4. What is Ericsson’s view on talent?
A. It’s harmful. B. It’s unimportant. C. It’s essential. D. It’s helpful.
5. Which one can best describe David Brooks’ idea?
A. Talent is of no use without effort.
B. Talent is useless without a desire for success.
C. People should attach more importance to effort.
D. Smart people are not necessarily more successful.
6. What does the author want to express by mentioning parents and children?
A. Upbringing is as important as talent.
B. Talent is more significant than desire.
C. Children with a good upbringing perform better.
D. Children from the same family have different IQ levels.
7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Talent can make a world champion.
B. Talent is the decisive factor in success.
C. Essential factors for success vary with goals.
D. Hard work is enough for promotion in the workplace.
【答案】4．B
5．D
6．A
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于天赋和勤奋之间到底哪个更重要，许多科学家都研究过，但是谁都没有正确的结论。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ericsson, Krampe, and Tech-Romer have pointed out that talent is irrelevant in distant 1993 yet. They connected success with a deliberate practice that lasts for over 10 thousand hours. Moreover, it must be goal-oriented, intensive and thoughtful for better results.(Ericsson，Krampe和Tech-Romer指出，早在1993年，天赋还无关紧要。他们将成功与持续1万小时以上的刻意练习联系起来。此外，它必须是目标导向的，密集和深思熟虑的更好的结果。)”可知，Ericsson认为天赋是不重要的。故选B。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, recent studies support another viewpoint. Both Malcolm Gladwell(2008) and David Brooks(2011) agree that there is no guarantee that a person with a higher IQ level will be more successful in life.(然而，最近的研究支持另一种观点。Malcolm Gladwell (2008)和David Brooks (2011)都认为，没有人能保证拥有更高智商的人在生活中会更成功。)”可知，David Brooks认为聪明的人不一定会更成功。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第六段提到父母和孩子之前的内容“Of course, it has been confirmed that intelligence is inherited but upbringing is not less important.(当然，已经证实智力是遗传的，但教养也同样重要。)”可知，作者提到父母从小照顾孩子是为了证明教养和天赋等是一样重要的。故选A。
7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If you wish to become best of the best like an Olympic Games champion, talent appears to be a necessity here. But if you desire to get promotion and win the competition among young colleagues, hard work and desire are your keys to success even if you are not lucky to have been born talented.(如果你想成为像奥运会冠军那样的精英中的精英，天赋似乎是必不可少的。但是，如果你想在年轻同事的竞争中获得晋升和胜利，即使你不是天生的天才，努力工作和欲望也是成功的关键。)”可知，最后一段主要告诉读者成功的要素因目标而异。故选C。
Household chores might seem a drag, but researchers have suggested tasks like dusting, scrubbing floors and washing the windows might help adults to stay healthy into old age.
Writing in the journal BMJ Open, a Singapore-based team of researchers said regular physical activity “improves physical and mental health, mitigates the risks and effects of chronic diseases, and reduces falls, immobility, dependency and mortality among older adults”.
The team randomly recruited adults from the town of Yishun in Singapore, and asked them to complete cognitive function tests as well as activities to assess their physical capabilities, such as standing up from a chair as quickly as they could. Participants were also quizzed on their levels of physical activity, including the amount of light housework (such as dusting) and heavy housework (such as floor-scrubbing) they did, and were assessed for their risk of having a fall based on measures such as knee extension strength.
The study involved 249 participants aged 21-64 and 240 participants aged 65-90. Most of those who reported doing high levels of heavy or light housework were women. After taking into account factors including age, sex, and the amount of light housework undertaken, the team found cognitive scores and attention scores were 8% and 14% higher respectively for older adults doing high amounts of heavy housework — on average 131 minutes a week — compared with low levels, which appeared to amount to none at all. Sit-to-stand times were lower for older adults reporting high amounts of heavy housework compared with low amounts, while they were also assessed as being at lower risk of having a fall.
The team also found cognitive scores were 5% higher for older adults who reported high levels of light housework — on average doing 902 minutes a week — and memory scores were also higher, compared with those undertaking low levels of such tasks, averaging 89 minutes a week.
8. What can we learn from the research?
A. The research involves participants of different ages worldwide.
B. Doing housework can protect old adults from suffering from diseases.
C. Old adults taking on more heavy housework tend to stand up faster than those doing less.
D. Women tend to do more household chores than men for health benefits.
9. What does the underlined word “mitigates” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Lessens. B. Strengthens. C. Stimulates. D. Shortens.
10. How does the writer demonstrate his viewpoint?
A. By giving examples. B. By showing statistics.
C. By presenting theories. D. By stating causes and effects.
11. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To encourage old adults to take on some housework for health benefits.
B. To recommend some new ways to keep fit.
C. To clarify the connection between health and doing housework.
D. To introduce some benefits of doing housework for old adults.
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．B
11．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，家务琐事似乎很累人，但研究人员表示，掸灰尘、擦地板和擦窗户等任务可能有助于成年人健康长寿。
8. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Sit-to-stand times were lower for older adults reporting high amounts of heavy housework compared with low amounts, while they were also assessed as being at lower risk of having a fall.(做大量家务的老年人由从坐下到站起来所花的时间比做少量家务的老年人要少，同时他们摔倒的风险也较低。)”可知，承担更多家务的老年人往往比那些做得少的人站得更快。故选C。
9. 词句猜测题。根据第二段的“improves physical and mental health(促进身心健康)”和“reduces falls, immobility, dependency and mortality among older adults(减少老年人摔倒、不活动、依赖和死亡率)”可知，有规律的身体活动可以改善身心健康，减轻慢性疾病的风险和影响，因此划线词mitigates的意思是“减少”，和lessen“减少”意思相近，故选A。
10. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“After taking into account factors including age, sex, and the amount of light housework undertaken, the team found cognitive scores and attention scores were 8% and 14% higher respectively for older adults doing high amounts of heavy housework — on average 131 minutes a week — compared with low levels, which appeared to amount to none at all.(在考虑了年龄、性别和轻家务量等因素后，研究小组发现，做大量重家务的老年人的认知得分和注意力得分分别高出8%和14%——平均每周131分钟——相比之下，做重家务的老年人的认知得分和注意力得分较低，似乎根本没有得分。)”和最后一段的“The team also found cognitive scores were 5% higher for older adults who reported high levels of light housework — on average doing 902 minutes a week — and memory scores were also higher, compared with those undertaking low levels of such tasks, averaging 89 minutes a week.(研究小组还发现，从事轻度家务的老年人的认知能力得分要高出5%——平均每周做902分钟；与从事轻度家务的老年人（平均每周做89分钟）相比，他们的记忆力得分也更高。)”可知，作者通过展示统计数据来证明他的观点，故选B。
11. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Household chores might seem a drag, but researchers have suggested tasks like dusting, scrubbing floors and washing the windows might help adults to stay healthy into old age.(家务琐事似乎很累人，但研究人员表示，掸灰尘、擦地板和擦窗户等任务可能有助于成年人健康长寿。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究人员表示，掸灰尘、擦地板和擦窗户等任务可能有助于成年人健康长寿，因此本文的目的是介绍老年人做家务的一些好处。故选D。
Billions will be spent trying to deal with a bargain in the approach to Christmas. But as close attention turns to whether or not the deals on offer are real discounts, instead of marketing tricks, spare a thought for the thousands of extra deliveries that will be made and the resulting crowding and blockage, CO2 emissions (释放), and stress that this shopping holiday creates.
Demand for more drivers highlights the highly seasonal nature of shopping, with similar increases on Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day and the run up to Christmas. Although the industry is constantly learning from past mistakes to better serve customers, it neglects extremely important energy, ability to move around and health issues. Behind the scenes, the basic equipment that makes all this online shopping possible is huge — the extra delivery vans add to already crowded and blocked roads, and drivers suffer from stress and tiredness. Seasonal shopping events like Black Friday harm people and the planet.
One medium-sized business in London recently told us that roughly 75% of the goods received by its front desk in the run up to Christmas were personal parcels. Extremely importantly, in a hub-and-spoke (辐射状的)model, not only do these parcels arrive from different vans travelling long distances from different warehouses, but delivery results in travelling on some of the most precious, crowded and blocked and polluted streets in London — simply to service online shopping preferences.
At this early stage of the next evolution of shopping, it is important that we consider the benefits and broader societal costs of different shopping and delivery options. Or else we risk hard-wiring in a set of expectations fighting with our responsibilities to cut carbon and improve air quality in cities.
12. What can we know about the result of extra holiday delivery?
A. It creates less pleasure. B. It produces more CO2 emissions.
C. It makes people crowd in the shops. D. It makes the drivers earn more money.
13. What can we infer about the drivers in Paragraph 2?
A. They harm the people and the planet.
B. They are needed less on Mother’s Day.
C. They lead to crowded and blocked roads.
D. They feel exhausted during the holiday shopping delivery.
14. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “highlights”?
A. Emphasizes. B. Suggests. C. Recommends. D. Challenges.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. The benefits of holiday shopping.
B. The concerns about the holiday shopping delivery.
C. The stress and tiredness caused by the holiday shopping.
D. The holiday shopping’s influence on society and environment.
【答案】12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了假期的配送发货由此带来的拥挤和堵塞、二氧化碳排放，以及给购物节日带来的压力，同时，作者也表达了对假日购物配送的担忧。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But as close attention turns to whether or not the deals on offer are real discounts, instead of marketing tricks, spare a thought for the thousands of extra deliveries that will be made and the resulting crowding and blockage, CO2 emissions, and stress that this shopping holiday creates.”（但是，当人们的密切关注转向所提供的交易是否是真正的折扣，而不是营销技巧时，不妨想想将会发生的数千次额外配送，以及由此带来的拥挤和堵塞、二氧化碳排放，以及这个购物节日带来的压力。）可知，额外的假期配送发货的结果是它产生更多的二氧化碳排放。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Although the industry is constantly learning from past mistakes to better serve customers, it neglects extremely important energy, ability to move around and health issues. Behind the scenes, the basic equipment that makes all this online shopping possible is huge — the extra delivery vans add to already crowded and blocked roads, and drivers suffer from stress and tiredness. Seasonal shopping events like Black Friday harm people and the planet.”（虽然这个行业不断从过去的错误中吸取教训，以更好地服务客户，但它忽略了极其重要的能源、移动能力和健康问题。在幕后，使所有这些网上购物成为可能的基本设备是巨大的——额外的快递货车增加了本已拥挤和堵塞的道路，司机们承受着压力和疲劳。像黑色星期五这样的季节性购物事件伤害了人类和地球。）可知，司机们承受着压力和疲劳，故可推断，他们在假日购物配送期间感到精疲力竭。故选D项。
14. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Demand for more drivers”（对更多司机的需求）以及设题句后“with similar increases on Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day and the run up to Christmas.”（在母亲节、情人节和圣诞节前也有类似的增长。）故可猜测，highlights为“凸显”的意思，即购物季凸显了需求更多司机的问题。结合选项A. Emphasizes“强调”意思一致。故选A项。
15. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“At this early stage of the next evolution of shopping, it is important that we consider the benefits and broader societal costs of different shopping and delivery options. Or else we risk hard-wiring in a set of expectations fighting with our responsibilities to cut carbon and improve air quality in cities.”（在购物的下一步发展的早期阶段，我们必须考虑不同的购物和送货选择的好处和更广泛的社会成本。否则，我们就有可能抱着一套不切实际的期望，与削减碳排放和改善城市空气质量的责任作斗争。）可知，文章主要讲的是关于假日购物配送的担忧。故选B项。
二、七选五
Group discussions are a great way to get things done. You can explore a topic, come up with a plan of action, or solve an issue, just to name a few. ____16____ Don’t worry. Here are some tips for you.
Allow everyone to introduce themselves. To start a group discussion, you will want to make sure everyone is comfortable. A good way to break the ice is to let everyone introduce themselves. Then, for a classroom setting, what could be a better icebreaker activity? ____17____
Establish some ground rules. Before launching into the discussion, make sure everyone knows the rules of conduct. Rules can be established as needed. Here are some general ones. Advise everyone to treat one another with respect. ____18____ Remind everyone to be aware of time. Encourage people to consider their comments seriously, and to avoid becoming defensive if someone disagrees.
Explain the topic. ____19____ Even if the participants know what that topic is, give them a quick refresher before the discussion begins. You can introduce the topic by asking questions. You can also quickly introduce the idea. Say something like, “As you know, today in class we’re going to discuss gun control.”
____20____ You do not want to ask questions with a simple “yes” or “no” answer, especially not initially. Your questions should encourage people to share meaningful thoughts and ideas. Questions can be confusing to the participants. Many participants may not know the answers right away themselves, so encourage them to think during discussion.
A. Encourage everyone to participate.
B. Ask open-ended questions to begin.
C. Make sure people know not to interrupt.
D. Not sure how to get your own group discussion started?
E. Usually, a group discussion will be based around a central issue.
F. You could, for example, have everyone share their favorite ice cream flavor.
G. You may invite each person to share what they have got from the discussion.
【答案】16．D
17．F
18．C
19．E
20．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条关于如何开启小组讨论的建议。
16. 根据下文“Don’t worry. Here are some tips for you.(别担心。这里有一些建议给你。)”可知，本句应该引出文章主上旨，再结合下文的各个段首句，本文主要就如何开启小组讨论给出了儿条建议。选项D“Not sure how to get your own group discussion started?(不知道如何开始自己的小组讨论？)”引出下文，与文意一致。故选D。
17. 根据上文“A good way to break the ice is to let everyone introduce themselves. Then, for a classroom setting, what could be a better icebreaker activity?(打破僵局的一个好方法是让每个人做自我介绍。那么，在课堂环境中，什么是更好的打破僵局的活动呢？)”可知，空处是在给出建议，如何在课堂环境中打破僵局。选项F“You could, for example, have everyone share their favorite ice cream flavor.(例如，你可以让每个人分享他们最喜欢的冰淇淋口味。)”正是介绍了一种打破僵局的方法。故选F。
18. 根据上文“Here are some general ones. Advise everyone to treat one another with respect.(这里有一些基本规则。建议大家互相尊重。)”以及下文“Remind everyone to be aware of time. (提醒每个人注意时间。)”可知，空处应承接上文，也是介绍小组讨论的基本规则，且形式上为祈使句。选项C“Make sure people know not to interrupt.(确保人们知道不要打断别人。)”既符合形式，内容也一致。故选C。
19. 根据上文“Explain the topic.(解释话题)”可知，本段讲的是要解释一下所给的话题。空后“Even if the participants know what that topic is, give them a quick refresher before the discussion begins.(即使参与者知道这个话题是什么，也要在讨论开始前让他们快速复习一下。)”可知，空处要围绕话题展开。选项E“Usually, a group discussion will be based around a central issue.(通常，小组讨论将围绕一个中心问题展开。)”承上启下，符合文意。故选E。
20. 空处为段首句，为本段中心句。根据下文“You do not want to ask questions with a simple “yes” or “no” answer, especially not initially. Your questions should encourage people to share meaningful thoughts and ideas.(你不会想问一个简单的“是”或“不是”的问题，尤其是一开始。你的问题应该鼓励人们分享有意义的想法和想法。)”可知，主要提出了用一些开放性问题来开启小组讨论这一建议。选项B“Ask open-ended questions to begin.(开始时问一些开放式的问题。)”正是此意。故选B。
三、完形填空
I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a goods yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I can dimly remember the ___21___ of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a(n) catastrophe(灾难) can do strange things to people.
It ___22___ to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn’t been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don’t mean that I would prefer to ___23___ without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.
Life, I believe, asks for a continuous series of ___24___ to reality. In spite of the fact that they are never easy, I had my parents and teachers to help. The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. If I hadn’t been able to do that, I would have ___25___ and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself, I am not talking about ___26___ the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an ___27___ staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite ___28___, a real, positive person; that there is a special place where I can make myself ___29___.
It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was laughing at me and I was hurt. “I can’t use this.” I said. “Take it with you,” he urged me, “and roll it around.” The words ___30___ in my head. “Roll it around!” By rolling the ball I could hear where it ___31___. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought ___32___: playing baseball. At Philadelphia’s Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to achieve them, one at a time. I had to learn my ___33___. It was no good crying for something that I knew at the start was wildly out of ___34___ because that only ___35___ the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway, but on the average, I made progress.
21. A. attraction B. brightness C. warmth D. charm
22. A. struck B. happened C. occurred D. appealed
23. A. choose B. stay C. go D. see
24. A. changes B. references C. trials D. adjustments
25. A. broken down B. broken up C. broken into D. broken with
26. A. possibly B. simply C. frankly D. essentially
27. A. unbelievable B. unstable C. unfamiliar D. unlikely
28. A. fear B. imperfection C. concern D. unfairness
29. A. fit B. live C. stand D. advocate
30. A. stuck B. hit C. slipped D. bent
31. A. stopped B. fell C. overthrew D. went
32. A. reasonable B. realistic C. impossible D. potential
33. A. dreams B. abilities C. limitations D. achievements
34. A. control B. pity C. charge D. reach
35. A. proposed B. invited C. included D. abandoned
【答案】21．B
22．C
23．C
24．D
25．A
26．B
27．C
28．B
29．A
30．A
31．D
32．C
33．C
34．D
35．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者四岁时由于事故导致失明，通过一次滚球的经历明白了自己也能完成以前认为不可能的事情。有了自信，一生就能为自己设定一系列的目标，然后努力一个个去实现它们。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我模糊地记得阳光的明媚和红色是什么颜色。A. attraction吸引；B. brightness亮度；C. warmth温暖；D. charm魅力。根据开头“I lost my sight when I was four years old”可知，作者四岁时失明，现在依稀记得阳光的“明亮”和红色是什么样子，这里指阳光的亮度。故选B项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前几天我突然想到，如果我没有失明，我可能不会像现在这样热爱生活。A. struck罢工；B. happened发生；C. occurred出现，发生；D. appealed呼吁。由后文“might not have come to love life ”，可知作者在假想，此处指作者“突然想到”如果作者不是盲人，他可能不会像现在这样热爱生活。表示“想到”是occur to，为固定搭配。故选C项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是说我宁愿没有眼睛，我只是想说，失去他们让我更加珍惜我所拥有的。A. choose选择；B. stay停留；C. go走，去，进展；D. see看见。由后文“I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.”可知，作者是并不喜欢没有眼睛地“走下去生活”，只是失去光明，让作者更加珍惜所拥有的。故选C项。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，生活需要不断地适应现实。A. changes改变；B. references参照；C. trials尝试；D. adjustments调整；适应。由前文“I lost my sight when I was four years old ”可知，作者变成了盲人，所以需要重新“调整适应”新的生活。故选D项。
25. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我不能做到相信自己，我就会崩溃，就会在轮椅上度过一生。A. broken down崩溃，倒塌；B. broken up分手；C. broken into闯进；D. broken with与……决裂。由上文“If I hadn't been able to do that”可知，如果作者不相信自己，那他会“崩溃”并在轮椅上度过一生。故选A项。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我说相信自己时，我并不是仅仅谈论那种帮我独自走下了一段不熟悉楼梯的自信。A. possibly可能地；B. simply简单地，仅仅；C. frankly坦白地；D. essentially本质上地。由后文“That is part of it”可知，不“仅仅”只有自信能帮作者走出，这只是一部分。故选B项。
27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. unstable不稳定的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. unlikely不太可能的。由上文“self-confidence”可知，此处指那种帮作者独自走下了一段不熟悉楼梯的自信，此空指“不熟悉的”楼梯。故选C项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我指的是比这更重要的东西：自信，尽管不完美，但是真实的积极的人。A. fear害怕；B. imperfection不完美；C. concern关心；D. unfairness不公平。由上文“despite”表转折和上下文语境可知，尽管作者因为盲了是一个“不完美”的人，但是作者是真实存在并积极的人。故选B项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个特别的地方，我可以使自己适合。指适合自己的地方。A. fit适合；适应；B. live居住；C. stand站立；D. advocate倡议，号召。由后文“All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to achieve them”可知，作者在经历调整让自己“适应”社会。故选A项。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些话在我脑子里挥之不去，指刺入了我的大脑。A. stuck刺，插入，卡住；B. hit打击；C. slipped打滑；D. bent弯曲。由后文“in my head”可知，这些话深深地“插入”萦绕在作者脑海中。故选A项。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过滚动球，我可以听出它滚动到了哪里。A. stopped停止；B. fell摔倒；C. overthrew推翻；D. went去。由前文“where”可知，作者可以通过听知道球最后“去”哪里了。故选D项。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：滚动球的经历给了我一个想法，如何实现一个我以前认为不可能的目标——打棒球。A. reasonable合理的；B. realistic现实的；C. impossible不可能的；D. potential潜在的。由前文“I thought he was laughing at me and I was hurt.”可知，作者原本认为滚球这件事对他来说是“不可能的”。故选C项。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一生都在为自己设定一系列的目标，然后努力一个个去实现它们。做事情时，我必须了解自己的局限性A. dreams梦想；B. abilities能力；C. limitations局限性；D. achievements业绩。由后文“I would fail sometimes anyway”可知，作者自身还是有“局限性”，还是会失败的。故选C项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一开始就知道有些东西是遥不可及的，但为了它而哭是没有用的。A. control控制；B. pity遗憾；C. charge控告；D. reach范围，延伸。由上文“It was no good crying for something”可知，此处指为那些遥不可及，够不着的东西哭泣没有任何用，“够不着”是out of reach，为固定搭配。故选D项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一开始就知道有些东西是遥不可及的，但为了它而哭是没有用的，因为那只会招致失败的痛苦。A. proposed提议；B. invited招致；C. included包括；D. abandoned抛弃。由前文“It was no good crying”可知，对一些无法企及的东西哭泣是没用的，这只会“招致”失败的痛苦。故选B项。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Under bright-blue morning skies, China launched ___36___(it) first crewed space mission in five years on June 17th, ___37___ (send) three pilots rocketing to a new orbiting station.
The astronauts are traveling in the Shenzhou-12 spaceship ___38___(launch) by a Long March-2F Y12 rocket ___39___ blasted off shortly after the target time of 9:22 a.m. (0122 GMT) with near-perfect visibility at the launch center on the edge of the Gobi Desert.
The two veteran astronauts and a newcomer making his first space flight are scheduled ___40___(stay) three months in the Tianhe, or Heavenly Harmony, conducting experiments, testing equipment ___41___ preparing the station for expansion. The mission is the third of 1l planned through next year to add the ___42___(addition) sections to the station and send up crews and supplies. A fresh three-member crew and a cargo ship with supplies ___43___ (go) into space in three months.
The mission brings to 12 ___44___ number of astronauts China has sent into space since its first crewed mission in 2003, making China become only the third country ____45____ the Soviet Union and the United States to do so on its own.
【答案】36．its
37．sending
38．launched
39．that##which
40．to stay
41．and
42．additional
43．will go
44．the
45．after
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国发射了神舟12号，将三名宇航员送上了太空，使得中国将宇航员送到太空的人数达到了12人。文章还说明了三名宇航员将在太空进行的任务。
36. 考查代词。句意：6月17日，在湛蓝的晨空下，中国发射了五年来首次载人航天任务，用火箭将三名飞行员送入一个新的轨道站。分析句子可知，空处后的space mission是名词短语，因此空处需填形容词作定语，故填it的形容词性物主代词。故填its。
37. 考查非谓语动词。句意：6月17日，在湛蓝的晨空下，中国发射了五年来首次载人航天任务，用火箭将三名飞行员送入一个新的轨道站。分析句子结构可知，launched是谓语动词，与动词send之间无连词连接，故send应填非谓语形式作伴随状语，与前文的句子为主动关系，应用sending。故填sending。
38. 考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员们乘坐由长征-2F Y12火箭发射的神舟12号飞船上太空。该火箭于目标时间上午9点22分(格林威治时间0122)后不久在能见度近乎完美的戈壁沙漠边缘的发射中心发射升空。分析句子结构可知，are traveling是谓语，与launch之间无连词连接，故launch应填非谓语形式作后置定语修饰前面的spaceship，再结合语意以及空处后面的介词by可知，launch与spaceship之间是被动关系，因此launch应填过去分词形式。故填launched。
39. 考查定语从句。句意：宇航员们乘坐由长征-2F Y12火箭发射的神舟12号飞船。该飞船于目标时间上午9点22分(格林威治时间0122)后不久在能见度近乎完美的戈壁沙漠边缘的发射中心发射升空。分析句子结构可知，blasted off是谓语动词，其主语为空处前面的rocket，因此空处考查的是限制性定语从句的连接词，连接词在从句中做主语并指代前面的rocket，rocket指物，应用that或which。故填that或which。
40. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两名资深宇航员和另一名首次进行太空飞行的宇航员计划在天和空间站待三个月。他们将进行实验，测试设备，并为空间站的扩建做准备。分析句子可知，are scheduled是谓语，stay与are scheduled之间无连词连接，故stay应用非谓语形式。再结合语意可知，此处考查be scheduled to do sth.的结构，意为“预计做某事”，因此应用to stay。故填to stay。
41. 考查并列连词。句意：两名资深宇航员和另一名首次进行太空飞行的宇航员计划在天和空间站待三个月。他们将进行实验，测试设备，并为空间站的扩建做准备。分析句子可知，空处前后都是现在分词形式，因此应用连接词连接，再结合句意可知，进行实验、测试设备以及为空间站的扩建做准备是宇航员们要做的三件事，它们之间是并列关系，故空处应填并列连词。故填and。
42. 考查形容词。句意：此次任务是11个计划中的第三个，计划持续到明年，目的是为空间站增加更多的部分，并将人员和供应品送上去。分析句子可知，空处前面是定冠词the，而空处后面的sections是名词，故空处应填形容词作定语修饰sections。故填additional。
43. 考查动词时态。句意：三个月后，一个新的三人组和一艘带有补给的货船将进入太空。分析句子可知，A fresh three-member crew and a cargo ship是句子的主语，而句子无谓语，故go充当谓语，再结合in three months可知，时态应为一般将来时，应用will do结构。故填will go。
44. 考查冠词。句意：此次载人航天飞行使中国自2003年首次载人航天飞行以来送入太空的宇航员人数达到12人，这使中国成为继苏联和美国之后第三个独自载人航天的国家。分析句子可知，此处考查的是the number of结构，意为“……的总数”，再结合语意，指的是进入太空的宇航员的总人数。故填the。
45. 考查介词。句意：此次载人航天飞行使中国自2003年首次载人航天飞行以来送入太空的宇航员人数达到12人，这使中国成为继苏联和美国之后第三个独自载人航天的国家。根据空处前面的the third country以及空处后面的the Soviet Union and the United States可知，中国是在这两个国家之后的第三个将宇航员送上太空的国家。由语意可知，此处应填一个词表示“在……之后”，再由the Soviet Union and the United States是专有名词可知，空处应填介词after，符合语意。故填after。
五、根据汉语意思填写单词
46. ______________(科学的) knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Scientific
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：科学知识使我们能够做和制造各种各样的东西。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词scientific“科学的”，形容词作定语修饰名词knowledge，满足句意要求，结合首字母大写。故填Scientific。
47. When wishing to go on holiday, you can make all your travel ________ (安排) just in front of the computer. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】arrangements
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前做所有的旅行安排。your后跟名词，“安排”的名词是arrangement，由all可知，空格处用复数arrangements。故填arrangements。
48. Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum has waged the Big Draw______________ (运动), where visitors are encouraged to keep their smartphones in their pockets or bags and pick up paper and pencils instead. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】campaign
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆发起了“Big Draw”运动，鼓励游客把智能手机放在口袋或包里，拿起纸和铅笔。由空前the定冠词可知，空格处为名词形式。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为单数名词campaign“运动”，满足句意要求。故填campaign。
49. Thanks to all this fine detail, the Qingming Scroll provides a______________ (全面的) look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】comprehensive
【解析】
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：多亏了这些精美的细节，《清明上河图》全面展现了北宋时期的生活。根据汉语提示“全面的”以及后文的名词look可知，此处应填形容词作定语。全面的为“comprehensive”。故填comprehensive。
50. Li Bai toured across the whole country. During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, ______________ (遇到) different customs and practices. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】encountering
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词。句意：李白走遍了全国。在他的旅行中，他游览了名山大川，遇到了不同的风俗习惯。逻辑主语Li Bai与encounter之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填encountering。
六、根据首字母填写单词
51. When the two lovers first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if w________to the audience.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】whispering##hispering
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词。句意：当两个恋人第一次见面时，音乐轻快宜人，仿佛对观众耳语。根据单词首字母以及句意“耳语”，可知应填动词whisper，分析句子结构可知在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语music构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填whispering。
52. The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often suggestive of countryside s________.(根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】surroundings
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：简单的曲调和美丽的自然画面常常使人联想到乡村环境。结合句意和首字母可知名词surrounding“环境”符合句意，可数名词，常用复数形式，countryside surroundings“乡村环境”。故填surroundings。
53. This unique c______________ between Chinese and Western elements has made me realize that music is a universal language. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】combination
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：这种中西元素的独特结合让我意识到音乐是一种世界通用的语言。由空前unique形容词可知，空格处为名词形式。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为名词combination“结合”为抽象名词不可数，满足句意要求。故填combination。
54. Having u______________ a process called industrialization, the UK became one of developed countries. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】underwent##nderwent
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词。句意：英国经历了工业化的过程，成为发达国家之一。结合首字母提示及句意动词undergo符合题意，句中已有谓语动词became，故空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语the UK与undergo之间为主动关系，且从句的动作发生在主句动作became之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。故填underwent。
55. Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are c______________ by the romantic style. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】characterized##haracterized
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态。句意：鉴于他的个人经历和历史背景，很自然地看出，李白的大部分诗歌都是以浪漫主义风格为特征。根据单词首字母以及句意“是以……为特征”可知，应填动词characterize，characterize是及物动词。再结合空格前的are与空格后的by可知，此处考查的是be characterized by这个结构，意为“是以……为特征”。故填characterized。
七、其他应用文
56．假如你是校学生会成员李华，你的英国笔友Tony来信询问你如何利用博物馆资源促进学习。请你给Tony回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的亲身经历；
2. 感受。
注意：
1. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 词数80左右。
Dear Tony,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tony,
I’m glad to hear from you. Personally, I find museums a great source of knowledge and beneficial to study.
Actually, my classmates and I often go to museums and attend exhibitions of all kinds. Such visits have helped us gain access to excellent resources and fresh perspectives on different subjects.
Once, in order to better understand “Ancient Chinese Inventions” in the history class, my class went to China Science and Technology Museum. Viewing delicate exhibits and listening to the guide’s introduction, I was deeply impressed by the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people. Many museums also offer online shows or lectures nowadays. Visiting their websites proves to be a rewarding experience.
By the way, London is home to many fantastic museums. How do you make the most of them? Do write and tell me about it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国必有Tony写信，告诉他你是如何利用博物馆资源促进学习的。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
事实上：actually→in fact
提供：offer→provide
充分利用：make the most of—make full use of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Personally, I find museums a great source of knowledge and beneficial to study.
拓展句：Personally, I find that museums are a great source of knowledge and beneficial to study.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Visiting their websites proves to be a rewarding experience.(运用了动名词作主语)
[高分句型2] Viewing delicate exhibits and listening to the guide’s introduction, I was deeply impressed by the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people.(运用了非谓语动词作状语)
八、读后续写
57．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请在答题纸的相应位置作答。
I was walking along the road to school one day and I met my friend Raine. He suggested that we skip school and go to the movies. I refused as my dad was very fierce and strict. After much persuasion, I gave in. There was a Will Smith movie on and I was a fan.
So we set off to the movies together, bought our tickets, popcorn and drinks and settled down comfortably. As we were early, the lights were still on. We watched people come in groups, families and there were couples too. Some of them looked like school students playing truant (逃学) like us.
As I turned around, I caught a glimpse of my uncle Andy and aunt Jane walking in. I sank into my seat quickly to avoid being spotted. I signaled to Raine that there was someone I didn't want to see and Raine made it more obvious by turning around and asking “Who? And where?” loudly. It made me sit even lower in my seat.
To make things worse, they came and sat in the row behind us and were saying to each other how I would have loved to come to this movie as I adored Will Smith. They were even commenting about the students playing truant. Soon the movie began and I was glad when the lights were turned off. But I didn’t enjoy the movie at all for fear of being spotted. So, I sat there like an astronaut, peering over the front seat. Every now and then I would sneak a peek at my aunt and uncle.
Paragraph 1:
I was sure they were looking at me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
As soon as the coast was clear (危险已过), I made a dash for the door and tried to make a quick exit via the stairs.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I was sure they were looking at me. Anyway, there was another trouble. I had to leave the cinema without being spotted. I watched for any chance to slip away, but without luck. Filled with foreboding and fears, I had to wait in the dark, not daring to sit up straight. After what seemed to be a century, the movie at last ended and the lights came on, I sat there waiting for everyone to leave but my uncle and aunt just sat there talking about how fabulous the movie was. After a little while, they got up and walked to the doors.
As soon as the coast was clear(危险已过), I made a dash for the door and tried to make a quick exit via the stairs. To my horror, my uncle and aunt were standing there smiling. I tried to say something but all that came out were sounds that meant nothing. I stuttered and spluttered so much! My uncle merely said, “I hope you have learnt your lesson. We saw you the moment we came in and I am sure your father will be very disappointed in you. We hope you won’t do it again.” After giving me a piece of their minds, they sent us to school. What an embarrassing moment!
【解析】
【导语】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和他的朋友Raine翘课去看电影，结果被自己的叔叔和婶婶遇见，最后接受批评，认识到错误的故事。
【详解】
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我确定他们在看我。”可知，第一段可描写作者害怕被发现的心理状态以及想如何走出电影院。
②由第二段首句内容“一旦没有危险了，我就向门口冲去，试图从楼梯上快速离开。”可知，第二段可描写作者被自己的叔叔婶婶发现了，接受了批评教育，认识到错误，最后作者和朋友一起被送回学校。
2. 续写线索：怕被发现——等待机会溜走——被发现——批评教育——认识到错误——被送回学校
3. 词汇激活
行为类：
①.溜走：slip away/leave stealthily /slope off
②.谈论：talk about/discuss
情绪类：
①.尴尬的：embarrassing/awkward
②.沮丧的：disappointed /downcast/spiritless
【点睛】
[高分句型1] I tried to say something but all that came out were sounds that meant nothing.（运用了that引导定语从句）
[高分句型2] After what seemed to be a century, the movie at last ended and the lights came on, I sat there waiting for everyone to leave but my uncle and aunt just sat there talking about how fabulous the movie was.（运用了what和how引导宾语从句）