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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精练
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精练，共8页。
A
Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient times.Twelve wmen have wn the Nbel Prize fr Science, ne f the highest hnrs in the wrld.Sme wmen scientists never married, sme wrked with their husbands, and thers raised large families.It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries abut the ancient histry f the earth.Mary and her father cllected fssils (化石) in their village n the suth cast f Great Britain.Fssils are parts f plants r animals that have been saved in rcks fr millins f years.
When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns (骨架) f several animals that n lnger existed n the earth.She didn't becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.
In 1891, a yung Plish wman named Marie Skldwska traveled t Paris t study physics.She did s because she culd nt get a cllege educatin in Pland.She began wrking in the labratry f a man named Pierre Curie.Marie and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether.They received the Nbel Prize fr Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist.Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911, this time fr Chemistry.Marie Curie was ne f the few wmen at the time wh became famus as a scientist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。
1．The authr believes that wmen scientists ．
A．have mre pprtunities t becme successful
B．can nt get the highest hnrs in the wrld
C．g thrugh difficulties t be successful
D．had better pay mre attentin t their families
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，作者认为女性科学家要经历很多艰难才能走向成功。
2．Mary Anning was ne f the first wmen t ．
A．win the Nbel Prize fr Science after getting married
B．make achievements in the study f ancient earth
C．research animals and their bnes
D．study the mystery f all kinds f plants
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries abut the ancient histry f the earth.”可知选B。
3．What can we learn abut Marie Skldwska?
A．She studied physics in Pland and gt a cllege educatin.
B．She received the Nbel Prize fr Physics in 1903 n her wn.
C．She nly gt ne Nbel Prize during her lifetime.
D．She made many discveries after she gt married.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Marie and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether.”可知D项正确。
4．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．Ancient discveries.
B．Wmen scientists.
C．Successful marriages.
D．Different prizes.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。故选B。
B
I．M.Pei, a ChineseAmerican, wh was regarded as ne f the last great mdernist architects, has died at the age f 102.
Althugh he wrked mstly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered fr a Eurpean prject: His redevelpment f the Luvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s.He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main curtyard, alng with three smaller pyramids and a vast subterranean (地下的) additin t the museum entrance.
Pei was the first freign architect t wrk n the Luvre in its lng histry, and initially his designs were fiercely ppsed.But in the end, the French — and everyne else—were wn ver.Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, he was thught as giving the 20th century “sme f its mst beautiful inside spaces and utside frms talent and skill in the use f materials apprach the level f petry.”
After studying architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard, Pei set up his wn architectural practice in New Yrk in 1955.
Designing the Jhn F．Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum in 1964 established him as a name.His East Building f the Natinal Gallery f Art in Washingtn in 1978 changed peple's ideas f a museum.The site was an dd trapezid (梯形) shape.Pei's slutin was t cut it in tw.The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant—ne f the first crwdpleasing cathedrals f mdern art.
Thugh knwn as a mdernist, and ntable fr his frms based n arrangements f simple gemetric (几何的) shapes, he nce urged Chinese architects t lk mre t their architectural traditin rather than designing in a western style.
In persn, I．M.Pei was gdhumred, charming and unusually mdest.His wrking prcess was evlutinary, but innvatin (创新) was never an intended gal.
“Stylistic riginality is nt my purpse，” he said.“I want t find the riginality in the time, the place and the prblem.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了享誉世界的现代主义建筑大师之一——贝聿铭。
5．What can we learn abut the result f redevelpment f the Luvre Museum?
A．It was criticized by the French.
B．It was a success.
C．It made the Luvre Museum lk strange.
D．It changed the functin f the Luvre Museum.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Pei was the first freign architect t wrk n the Luvre in its lng histry, and initially his designs were fiercely ppsed.But in the end, the French—and everyne else—were wn ver [贝聿铭是卢浮宫悠久历史上的第一位外国建筑师，最初他的设计遭到强烈反对。但最终，法国人，以及全世界，都被(他的精妙设计)折服].”可以推测，卢浮宫博物馆的重建非常成功。故选B。
6．What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A．He is a master in applying materials.
B．He is skilled in writing pems.
C．He ften cmbines petry and cnstructin.
D．He gets inspiratin frm petry in designing.
解析：选A 句义理解题。根据画线句中的关键词talent and skill和the use f materials可知，此句字面含义为：他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界，即他是应用材料方面的专家。故选A。
7．What's the crrect rder f the fllwing events?
a．Design the Jhn F．Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum.
b．Study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard.
c．Design the Natinal Gallery f Art.
d．Win the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize.
A．a, b, c, d B．b, a, c, d
C．b, c, a, d D．d, a, c, b
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，1955年，贝聿铭在麻省理工学院和哈佛大学学习建筑学；根据第五段中的第一、二句可知，1964年，贝聿铭设计了约翰·肯尼迪总统图书馆和博物馆；1978年设计了华盛顿国家美术馆东馆；根据第三段中的Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983可知贝聿铭于 1983 年获得普利兹克建筑奖。故B项为正确的事情的发展顺序。
8．What can we learn abut I．M.Pei?
A．Innvatin was his first gal in design.
B．He was talented and serius.
C．He preferred western style t the east.
D．He liked simple gemetric shapes.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第六段可知，贝聿铭设计的建筑物以简单几何形状排列的形式而闻名，从而推断出，他喜欢简单的几何形状。故选D。
C
Maria (1718－1799) was a famus Italian mathematician.She was described in a bk as fllws：“Maria was a child prdigy (神童), but was als shy.”
She stayed at hme, teaching the yunger children and fllwing her wn studies.When her mther died after giving birth t twentyne children, Maria tk ver the running f the husehld.At the age f twenty she started a tenyear prject, a bk bringing tgether the wrk n calculus (微积分学) f Leibnitz and Newtn titled Analytic Institutins.Smetimes she wuld have truble with a prblem, but her mind went n wrking even in her sleep；she wuld sleepwalk t her study and back t bed.In the mrning, she wuld find the answer t the prblem waiting n her desk.Her bk made her famus；she was living prf f what she had argued at nine years ld that wmen had a right t study science.But Maria had ther interests in her life apart frm mathematics.She had always wrked with the pr peple in her area, and she had asked her father fr separate rms and turned them int a private hspital.She wrked at the hspital (and anther) until she died at the age f eightyne.Maria wrte an imprtant bk n mathematics, as well as anther unpublished bk.She ran a husehld f ver twenty peple, and she wrked fr peple wh had nt had her luck and pprtunities.Each ne f these things was remarkable, but she did them all.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了意大利著名数学家玛丽亚的成功经历和她为一些穷人做出的贡献。9.We knw frm the text that Maria ．
A．was a maths teacher when she was yung
B．lived a rich life in her childhd
C．was brn in a large family
D．was t shy t teach thers
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，她妈妈有21个孩子，所以她出生在一个大家庭。
10．It can be inferred frm the text that ．
A．there were sme gd schls fr children when Maria was yung
B．wmen were nt allwed t study science when Maria was a little girl
C．wmen had equal rights t learn anything as bys did
D．Maria had the ability t make enugh mney t bring up her brthers and sisters when her mther died
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段第六句中的she was living prf f what she had argued at nine years ld that wmen had a right t study science可推知，当时是不允许女性学科学的。
11．Accrding t the text, Maria was s devted t maths that she ．
A．frgt everything when she was studying
B．spent ver ten years writing her mst famus bk
C．never slept while ding researches
D．wuld g n with her study in her dream
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句可知，她对工作执着到睡觉时也会梦游进书房工作。
12．We knw frm the text that Maria was als a wman.
A．kindhearted B．beautiful
C．wellbrn D．rich
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章后半部分的描述可知，她为穷人做了很多事，说明她不仅是一位伟大的数学家，还是一个热心善良的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
He was fast f fist and ft — lip, t — a heavyweight champin wh prmised t shck the wrld and did. 1 He is Muhammad Ali, wh died at age 74, in 2016.
With a wit as sharp as the punches, Ali dminated sprts fr tw decades befre time and Parkinsn's disease caused by thusands f blws t the head, ravaged (损害) his magnificent bdy, muted (减弱) his majestic vice and ended his stried career in 1981. 2 Hwever, the effect f the punches lasted lng after mst f the mney was gne. Parkinsn tk such a tll n his bdy that the sight f him in his later years shcked and saddened thse wh remembered him in his prime. 3
Despite his illness, he traveled the wrld t rapturus receptins even after he was left t cmmunicate with a wink r a weak smile. While slwed in later years, he still managed t make numerus appearances, including the trip t the 2012 Lndn Olympics.
“Peple naturally are ging t be sad t see the effects f his disease，” Hana, ne f Ali's daughters said. “ 4 He's at cmplete peace, and he's here learning a greater lessn.”
“I dn't call him the best bxer f all time, but he's the greatest human being I ever met，” a friend said. 5 They believed that the values f hard wrk, cnvictin (坚定的信念) and cmpassin that Ali develped while grwing up indeed helped him becme a glbal icn.
A．They respect Ali's religius beliefs.
B．Sme peple cnsider him the greatest fighter f all time.
C．The man wh invented the Ali Shuffle was nw barely able t walk.
D．Members f Ali's inner circle had lng knwn Ali as a humanitarian.
E．Ali is regarded as the leading heavyweight bxer f the 20th century.
F．Ali nce calculated he had taken 29，000 punches t the head and made $57 millin.
G．But if they culd really see him in the calm f his everyday life, they wuld nt be srry fr him.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了拳王阿里被病痛折磨的晚年生活及人们对他的评价。
1．选B 第一段的最后一句点出上文所指的人是阿里，该空应承接上一句描述他的成就，故选B项。
2．选F 该空的前一句提到阿里的头部遭受数千次的拳击，该空的后一句语气一转，指出打拳击挣到的钱很快消失，但拳击后对身体的影响持续很长时间，故空处应提到拳击和金钱，结合选项可知F项符合语境。
3．选C 该空的前一句描写阿里晚年的身影让人很震惊难过，故本句应接着描写他的身体状况。
4．选G 由后一句的提示可知，该句的语气应有所转折，谈到阿里虽然身体孱弱但依旧平静自得，人们不必为他难过。
5．选D 选项D中的Members f Ali's inner circle与后一句的主语they呼应，同属阿里的朋友们对他的评价：他的人道主义精神，他的努力、信念和同情心使他成为全球的偶像。
A
Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient times.Twelve wmen have wn the Nbel Prize fr Science, ne f the highest hnrs in the wrld.Sme wmen scientists never married, sme wrked with their husbands, and thers raised large families.It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries abut the ancient histry f the earth.Mary and her father cllected fssils (化石) in their village n the suth cast f Great Britain.Fssils are parts f plants r animals that have been saved in rcks fr millins f years.
When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns (骨架) f several animals that n lnger existed n the earth.She didn't becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.
In 1891, a yung Plish wman named Marie Skldwska traveled t Paris t study physics.She did s because she culd nt get a cllege educatin in Pland.She began wrking in the labratry f a man named Pierre Curie.Marie and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether.They received the Nbel Prize fr Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist.Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911, this time fr Chemistry.Marie Curie was ne f the few wmen at the time wh became famus as a scientist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。
1．The authr believes that wmen scientists ．
A．have mre pprtunities t becme successful
B．can nt get the highest hnrs in the wrld
C．g thrugh difficulties t be successful
D．had better pay mre attentin t their families
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，作者认为女性科学家要经历很多艰难才能走向成功。
2．Mary Anning was ne f the first wmen t ．
A．win the Nbel Prize fr Science after getting married
B．make achievements in the study f ancient earth
C．research animals and their bnes
D．study the mystery f all kinds f plants
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries abut the ancient histry f the earth.”可知选B。
3．What can we learn abut Marie Skldwska?
A．She studied physics in Pland and gt a cllege educatin.
B．She received the Nbel Prize fr Physics in 1903 n her wn.
C．She nly gt ne Nbel Prize during her lifetime.
D．She made many discveries after she gt married.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Marie and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether.”可知D项正确。
4．What's the passage mainly abut?
A．Ancient discveries.
B．Wmen scientists.
C．Successful marriages.
D．Different prizes.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。故选B。
B
I．M.Pei, a ChineseAmerican, wh was regarded as ne f the last great mdernist architects, has died at the age f 102.
Althugh he wrked mstly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered fr a Eurpean prject: His redevelpment f the Luvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s.He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main curtyard, alng with three smaller pyramids and a vast subterranean (地下的) additin t the museum entrance.
Pei was the first freign architect t wrk n the Luvre in its lng histry, and initially his designs were fiercely ppsed.But in the end, the French — and everyne else—were wn ver.Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, he was thught as giving the 20th century “sme f its mst beautiful inside spaces and utside frms talent and skill in the use f materials apprach the level f petry.”
After studying architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard, Pei set up his wn architectural practice in New Yrk in 1955.
Designing the Jhn F．Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum in 1964 established him as a name.His East Building f the Natinal Gallery f Art in Washingtn in 1978 changed peple's ideas f a museum.The site was an dd trapezid (梯形) shape.Pei's slutin was t cut it in tw.The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant—ne f the first crwdpleasing cathedrals f mdern art.
Thugh knwn as a mdernist, and ntable fr his frms based n arrangements f simple gemetric (几何的) shapes, he nce urged Chinese architects t lk mre t their architectural traditin rather than designing in a western style.
In persn, I．M.Pei was gdhumred, charming and unusually mdest.His wrking prcess was evlutinary, but innvatin (创新) was never an intended gal.
“Stylistic riginality is nt my purpse，” he said.“I want t find the riginality in the time, the place and the prblem.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了享誉世界的现代主义建筑大师之一——贝聿铭。
5．What can we learn abut the result f redevelpment f the Luvre Museum?
A．It was criticized by the French.
B．It was a success.
C．It made the Luvre Museum lk strange.
D．It changed the functin f the Luvre Museum.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Pei was the first freign architect t wrk n the Luvre in its lng histry, and initially his designs were fiercely ppsed.But in the end, the French—and everyne else—were wn ver [贝聿铭是卢浮宫悠久历史上的第一位外国建筑师，最初他的设计遭到强烈反对。但最终，法国人，以及全世界，都被(他的精妙设计)折服].”可以推测，卢浮宫博物馆的重建非常成功。故选B。
6．What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A．He is a master in applying materials.
B．He is skilled in writing pems.
C．He ften cmbines petry and cnstructin.
D．He gets inspiratin frm petry in designing.
解析：选A 句义理解题。根据画线句中的关键词talent and skill和the use f materials可知，此句字面含义为：他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界，即他是应用材料方面的专家。故选A。
7．What's the crrect rder f the fllwing events?
a．Design the Jhn F．Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum.
b．Study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard.
c．Design the Natinal Gallery f Art.
d．Win the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize.
A．a, b, c, d B．b, a, c, d
C．b, c, a, d D．d, a, c, b
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，1955年，贝聿铭在麻省理工学院和哈佛大学学习建筑学；根据第五段中的第一、二句可知，1964年，贝聿铭设计了约翰·肯尼迪总统图书馆和博物馆；1978年设计了华盛顿国家美术馆东馆；根据第三段中的Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983可知贝聿铭于 1983 年获得普利兹克建筑奖。故B项为正确的事情的发展顺序。
8．What can we learn abut I．M.Pei?
A．Innvatin was his first gal in design.
B．He was talented and serius.
C．He preferred western style t the east.
D．He liked simple gemetric shapes.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第六段可知，贝聿铭设计的建筑物以简单几何形状排列的形式而闻名，从而推断出，他喜欢简单的几何形状。故选D。
C
Maria (1718－1799) was a famus Italian mathematician.She was described in a bk as fllws：“Maria was a child prdigy (神童), but was als shy.”
She stayed at hme, teaching the yunger children and fllwing her wn studies.When her mther died after giving birth t twentyne children, Maria tk ver the running f the husehld.At the age f twenty she started a tenyear prject, a bk bringing tgether the wrk n calculus (微积分学) f Leibnitz and Newtn titled Analytic Institutins.Smetimes she wuld have truble with a prblem, but her mind went n wrking even in her sleep；she wuld sleepwalk t her study and back t bed.In the mrning, she wuld find the answer t the prblem waiting n her desk.Her bk made her famus；she was living prf f what she had argued at nine years ld that wmen had a right t study science.But Maria had ther interests in her life apart frm mathematics.She had always wrked with the pr peple in her area, and she had asked her father fr separate rms and turned them int a private hspital.She wrked at the hspital (and anther) until she died at the age f eightyne.Maria wrte an imprtant bk n mathematics, as well as anther unpublished bk.She ran a husehld f ver twenty peple, and she wrked fr peple wh had nt had her luck and pprtunities.Each ne f these things was remarkable, but she did them all.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了意大利著名数学家玛丽亚的成功经历和她为一些穷人做出的贡献。9.We knw frm the text that Maria ．
A．was a maths teacher when she was yung
B．lived a rich life in her childhd
C．was brn in a large family
D．was t shy t teach thers
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，她妈妈有21个孩子，所以她出生在一个大家庭。
10．It can be inferred frm the text that ．
A．there were sme gd schls fr children when Maria was yung
B．wmen were nt allwed t study science when Maria was a little girl
C．wmen had equal rights t learn anything as bys did
D．Maria had the ability t make enugh mney t bring up her brthers and sisters when her mther died
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段第六句中的she was living prf f what she had argued at nine years ld that wmen had a right t study science可推知，当时是不允许女性学科学的。
11．Accrding t the text, Maria was s devted t maths that she ．
A．frgt everything when she was studying
B．spent ver ten years writing her mst famus bk
C．never slept while ding researches
D．wuld g n with her study in her dream
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句可知，她对工作执着到睡觉时也会梦游进书房工作。
12．We knw frm the text that Maria was als a wman.
A．kindhearted B．beautiful
C．wellbrn D．rich
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章后半部分的描述可知，她为穷人做了很多事，说明她不仅是一位伟大的数学家，还是一个热心善良的人。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
He was fast f fist and ft — lip, t — a heavyweight champin wh prmised t shck the wrld and did. 1 He is Muhammad Ali, wh died at age 74, in 2016.
With a wit as sharp as the punches, Ali dminated sprts fr tw decades befre time and Parkinsn's disease caused by thusands f blws t the head, ravaged (损害) his magnificent bdy, muted (减弱) his majestic vice and ended his stried career in 1981. 2 Hwever, the effect f the punches lasted lng after mst f the mney was gne. Parkinsn tk such a tll n his bdy that the sight f him in his later years shcked and saddened thse wh remembered him in his prime. 3
Despite his illness, he traveled the wrld t rapturus receptins even after he was left t cmmunicate with a wink r a weak smile. While slwed in later years, he still managed t make numerus appearances, including the trip t the 2012 Lndn Olympics.
“Peple naturally are ging t be sad t see the effects f his disease，” Hana, ne f Ali's daughters said. “ 4 He's at cmplete peace, and he's here learning a greater lessn.”
“I dn't call him the best bxer f all time, but he's the greatest human being I ever met，” a friend said. 5 They believed that the values f hard wrk, cnvictin (坚定的信念) and cmpassin that Ali develped while grwing up indeed helped him becme a glbal icn.
A．They respect Ali's religius beliefs.
B．Sme peple cnsider him the greatest fighter f all time.
C．The man wh invented the Ali Shuffle was nw barely able t walk.
D．Members f Ali's inner circle had lng knwn Ali as a humanitarian.
E．Ali is regarded as the leading heavyweight bxer f the 20th century.
F．Ali nce calculated he had taken 29，000 punches t the head and made $57 millin.
G．But if they culd really see him in the calm f his everyday life, they wuld nt be srry fr him.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了拳王阿里被病痛折磨的晚年生活及人们对他的评价。
1．选B 第一段的最后一句点出上文所指的人是阿里，该空应承接上一句描述他的成就，故选B项。
2．选F 该空的前一句提到阿里的头部遭受数千次的拳击，该空的后一句语气一转，指出打拳击挣到的钱很快消失，但拳击后对身体的影响持续很长时间，故空处应提到拳击和金钱，结合选项可知F项符合语境。
3．选C 该空的前一句描写阿里晚年的身影让人很震惊难过，故本句应接着描写他的身体状况。
4．选G 由后一句的提示可知，该句的语气应有所转折，谈到阿里虽然身体孱弱但依旧平静自得，人们不必为他难过。
5．选D 选项D中的Members f Ali's inner circle与后一句的主语they呼应，同属阿里的朋友们对他的评价：他的人道主义精神，他的努力、信念和同情心使他成为全球的偶像。
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