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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品同步练习题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品同步练习题，共20页。试卷主要包含了500 years等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（2023春·江苏南通·高二校考阶段练习）Praise fr Pineers in Science
In memry f Marie Curie n her birthday n Saturday, the fficial website f the Nbel Prize psted a phtgraph f her ntebk saying. “Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk. Even tday her labratry ntebk frm 1899-1902, is 1 and will be fr 1.500 years.”
The tales f Marie and ther scientists f her time are in sme sense very 2 .
Wilhelm Cnrad Rentgen discvered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antine Henri Becquerel fund that sme natural substances 3 rays, t. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 4 , radiactivity.
Hwever, the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radiactive substances fr decades using little r n prtectin. Marie’s death is a reminder abut the risks pineers in science 7 . It was nly after peple handling radiactive substances began t get similar 8 that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin. Tday, medical health wrkers and patients wear heavy prtective 9 during X-rays.
It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers. There is a(n) 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers, but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn. Fr example, the space suits astrnauts wear 12 them against radiatin. Hwever, nly 13 will tell if there are sme ther unknwn dangers.
The cntributins and sacrifices by such pineers t the field f science are 14 and deserving f ur respect. Because the pineers nt nly 15 new frntiers, but als help us better prtect urselves frm unknwn surrundings.
1．A．extrardinaryB．radiactiveC．prtectiveD．creative
2．A．tragicB．inspiratinalC．rmanticD．meaningful
3．A．blckedB．absrbedC．reflectedD．emitted
4．A．privilegeB．nameC．nticeD．identity
5．A．scientificB．nvelC．sensitiveD．harmful
6．A．cntempraryB．cnservativeC．curiusD．cautius
7．A．deliverB．relieveC．undertakeD．generate
8．A．rewardsB．warningsC．diseasesD．titles
9．A．glassesB．glvesC．shesD．cvers
10．A．ddB．inevitableC．criticalD．intimidating
11．A．fcusB．evlutinC．demandD．breakthrugh
12．A．prtectB．fightC．warnD．frbid
13．A．spaceB．timeC．technlgyD．histry
14．A．unmatchedB．upliftingC．glriusD．cncrete
15．A．extendB．prceedC．muntD．explre
（2023·江苏·模拟预测）N tw snwflakes are alike?Wilsn A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meterlgist, sught t answer that questin, dedicating himself t 16 flakes f snw fr 50 years.
Bentley was brn in 1865 and 17 n a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mther gave him an ld 18 .It was snwing that day, and the by 19 getting a glimpse f a six-sided snwflake with the 20 . When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents t buy him a new, better micrscpe and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste f time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wden frame t 21 the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring ut hw t take a picture f a snwflake 22 a micrscpe. On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the wrld’s first pht f snwflake. Every winter fr the rest f his life, Bentley studied snwflakes in a(n) 23 rm in the back f the huse. The prcess was difficult and cld. (Outdrs, he cllected snwflakes n a wden tray that was painted 24 t bserve it. Whenever it snwed, Bentley caught and captured flakes, smetimes wrking all night. He fund that mst snwflakes had six sides, 25 thers lked like triangles, r clumns—n tw were alike.
Bentley 26 his snwflakes with anyne wh was interested. He wrte articles fr scientists and fr 27 such as Natinal Gegraphic. Occasinally, he felt 28 that few peple seemed t care abut his wrk.Still,he 29 stpped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as ne f the first members f the American Meterlgical Sciety, which later 30 him its first research grant in 1924.
16．A．creatingB．prducingC．bservingD．cleaning
17．A．wrkedB．raisedC．ranD．helped
18．A．bagB．cameraC．micrscpeD．tray
19．A．succeeded inB．turned inC．gave upD．gave in
20．A．timeB．frameC．instructinD．instrument
21．A．hldB．fixC．adjustD．buy
22．A．withutB．alngC．underD．abve
23．A．ldB．unheatedC．smallD．czy
24．A．blackB．whiteC．newD．dd
25．A．rB．andC．sD．but
26．A．sldB．sharedC．carriedD．presented
27．A．magazinesB．newspaperC．cllegesD．cmpanies
28．A．amazedB．excitedC．discuragedD．encuraged
29．A．alwaysB．nceC．everD．never
30．A．wedB．awardedC．praisedD．cnsidered
（2022秋·江苏南京高二单元测试）Finding Hme “I hate New Orleans! I wanna g hme!” I 31 t my mther as we mved bxes. 32 ging hme was nt easy because my hme was 1,100 miles away.
I was brn and 33 in nrthern Virginia. Virginia was my hme, and I never expected that t 34 In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, s my parents decided t mve t my mm’s hmetwn f New Orleans.
Only three mnths after my parents made the 35 t mve I fund myself mving bxes int ur new huse. My annuncement t my mther that I 36 the new envirnment was partly mtivated by hw ht it was, but it was mstly due t the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside dwn 1,100 miles away frm everyne and everything I had ever knwn, I was 37 . T make matters wrse, I was starting high schl in tw weeks. Beginning high schl is a scary 38 n its wn.
I spent my first few mnths in New Orleans, 39 wanting t g hme t Virginia. But after a few mnths f missing hme, I 40 that I had a chice. I culd cntinue thinking abut hw much I missed my ld hme, 41 I culd start trying t build a new hme right here. I chse the latter.
As sn as I stpped giving all my 42 t hw much I missed Virginia I was able t begin accepting the lve that peple were already giving me. I jined sme clubs at schl, which gave me the chance t make friends. My neighbr taught me hw t ck sme New Orleans fd, and I fund a wnderful 43 f fellw cks and neighbrs. Overall, I seized every pssible pprtunity t 44 myself and t rebuild my life.
Because f my resilience (适应力) in creating a new hme fr myself and the 45 that peple have shwn t me, hme is right here.
31．A．annuncedB．repliedC．insistedD．pinted
32．A．TherefreB．InsteadC．HweverD．Besides
33．A．evaluatedB．raisedC．prmtedD．fed
34．A．develpB．cntinueC．btainD．change
35．A．attemptB．suggestinC．excuseD．decisin
36．A．preferredB．missedC．hatedD．imagined
37．A．surprisedB．frightenedC．delightedD．relieved
38．A．perfrmanceB．activityC．presentatinD．experience
39．A．partlyB．badlyC．slightlyD．gradually
40．A．realizedB．rememberedC．inferredD．cmplained
41．A．andB．butC．rD．s
42．A．attentinB．patienceC．trustD．cnfidence
43．A．generatinB．cmmunityC．raceD．schl
44．A．teachB．acceptC．judgeD．better
45．A．beliefB．freedmC．lveD．interest
（2023春·江苏苏州高二单元测试）The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible 46 peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nbel was brn in 1833 t a family f engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascani Sbrer, the inventr f nitrglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 47 f explding under pressure r heat, Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a 48 explsive (爆炸物). After years f 49 , in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives. He 50 his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.
When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 51 published Alfred’s bituary (讣告). Reading his wn bituary, Nbel was 52 t find ut his public image. Then newspaper strngly 53 Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became 54 by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.”
T Alfred, this bituary was a(n) 55 . He spent his lifetime alne 56 things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered. This unfrtunate event inspired him t make changes in his will. s as t 57 his public image, and t be remembered fr a gd cause. In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last 58 , saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great 59 t mankind in physics, chemistry,physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace. T widespread astnishment, Dr. Alfred Nbel 60 94% f his ttal wealth t fund the five Nbel Prizes.
46．A．.rememberingB．hnuringC．creditingD．negating
47．A．natureB．.cnductC．flavurD．benefit
48．A．deadlyB．bitterC．usable.D．mild
49．A．innvatinsB．effrtsC．hesitatinD．assciatin
50．A．brught upB．put upC．brke upD．built up
51．A．mistakenlyB．purpsefullyC．unintentinallyD．scientifically
52．A．satisfiedB．relievedC．impressedD．disappinted
53．A．praisedB．blamedC．appreciatedD．favured
54．A．greedyB．essentialC．richD．sufficient
55．A．errrB．warningC．threatD．cnsequence
56．A．destryingB．inventingC．cmbiningD．stimulating
57．A．imprveB．establishC．illustrateD．secure
58．A．requestB．illustratinC．willD．frtune
59．A．chicesB．decisinsC．prfitsD．cntributins
60．A．gave awayB．gave backC．gave ffD．gave ut
（2020·高二课时练习）In 1896, 17-year-ld Einstein went t Zurich t study physics. There he met Marits, a girl frm Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brught the tw tgether and they became gd 61 . Befre lng, they fell in lve with each ther. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he 62 Marits, wh was fur years lder than he. 63 their marriage, Einstein 64 himself t the research f the great thery f relativity. T give her husband mre help, Marits gave 65 her wn wrk, and became a gd wife and 66 . She tried her best t encurage him 67 pssible. She was sure that her husband wuld succeed. They ften discussed the thery while walking utside r sitting tgether in the rm. They 68 did that in their letters when ne f them was 69 frm hme.
In 1914, the Einsteins mved t Berlin and 70 dwn there. At that time, Einstein's thery 71 t be crrect and he became famus all ver the wrld.
Marits was very 72 her husband with his success. But it was nt lng 73 the First Wrld War 74 . Marits as well as her tw sns, wh were 75 hliday in Switzerland, culdn't cme back t Berlin any lnger. The war nt nly stpped Einstein's wrk but als brke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had t get divrced.
61．A．pairsB．cuplesC．friendsD．classmates
62．A．savedB．defeatedC．marriedD．blamed
63．A．SinceB．FrC．WithD．After
64．A．gaveB．fferedC．frcedD．devted
65．A．ffB．utC．upD．in
66．A．ckB．mtherC．friendD．assistant
67．A．whateverB．wheneverC．hweverD．wherever
68．A．evenB．neverC．seldmD．smetimes
69．A．beyndB．ffC．utD．away
70．A．putB．settledC．tkD．sat
71．A．seemedB．appearedC．prvedD．lked
72．A．prud fB．praised frC．pleased withD．wrried abut
73．A．whenB．befreC．sinceD．as
74．A．figured utB．wrked utC．turned utD．brke ut
75．A．inB．atC．nD．fr
（2023秋·高二课时练习）Life is t be lived. N excuses. N hlding back.
A stry abut the vilinist Fritz Kreisler tells hw he nce 76 a beautiful instrument he wanted t get. When he 77 raised the mney fr the vilin, he returned t buy it and learned that it had already been sld t a(n) 78 .
He went t the new wner’s hme in rder t try t 79 him t sell the vilin. Hwever, the cllectr said it was ne f his valuable pssessins and he culd nt let it g. Kreisler felt 80 and turned t leave, but then asked a favur, “May I play the instrument nce mre 81 it is put away?”
82 was given and the great musician began t play. The vilin sang ut a quality f music which was s beautiful that the cllectr himself culd nly listen in 83 . “I have n right t keep that t myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The vilin is yurs, Mr. Kreisler. Take it int the wrld, and let peple 84 it. ”
Fr yu and I are excellent vilins—ur 85 is meant t be heard.
I want t live my 86 that way—t take it int the wrld and live it fully. I’d rather be 87 than die nt having dne whatever I culd.
I’m nt talking abut 88 urselves by ding t much. Happiness is never fund in excessive business. But it is fund in applying ur lives t helping thers. Say yes when asked fr a hand. 89 t wrk fr a charity rganizatin. Spend an hur with a lnely relative.
In the end, I knw that my happiness is nt abut what I can r cannt d. It is abut hw much I 90 t thers. My life is meant t be lived.
76．A．fund utB．gave upC．tk verD．came acrss
77．A．pssiblyB．recentlyC．finallyD．seriusly
78．A．cllectrB．musicianC．perfrmerD．inventr
79．A．expectB．persuadeC．helpD．frce
80．A．angryB．disappintedC．helplessD．brave
81．A．s thatB．unlessC．as ifD．befre
82．A．PermissinB．JudgmentC．AwardD．Mney
83．A．painB．amazementC．secretD．srrw
84．A．discussB．useC．knwD．hear
85．A．stryB．musicC．messageD．vice
86．A．wrdB．instrumentC．lifeD．wrk
87．A．dressed upB．used upC．beaten upD．wken up
88．A．prtectingB．cntrllingC．amusingD．exhausting
89．A．VlunteerB．StruggleC．CntinueD．Wait
90．A．talkB．turnC．giveD．adapt
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名科学家玛丽·居里夫人及其他科学先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，她1899年至1902年的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，将持续1500年。A. extrardinary非凡的；B. radiactive放射性的；C. prtective保护性的；D. creative有创意的。根据上文“Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk.”可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家的故事是非常悲惨的。A. tragic悲惨的；B. inspiratinal鼓舞人心的；C. rmantic浪漫的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk.”可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学作出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出射线。A. blcked阻塞；B. absrbed吸收；C. reflected反映；D. emitted发出。根据空后“rays”可知，此处指发出射线。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。A. privilege特权；B. name名字；C. ntice注意；D. identity身份。根据空后“radiactivity”可知，此处指起了一个名字。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，放射性的有害影响直到几十年后才被发现。A. scientific科学的；B. nvel新奇的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. harmful有害的。根据上文“Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk.”可知，放射性会产生有害的影响。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，玛丽和她同时代的科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎没有防护措施。A. cntemprary同时代的；B. cnservative保守的；C. curius好奇的；D. cautius谨慎的。根据语境可知，此处指和玛丽同时代的科学家们。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担的风险。A. deliver交付；B. relieve缓解；C. undertake承担；D. generate生成。根据上文“the risks pineers in science”可知，此处指科学先驱所承担的风险。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有在接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似疾病后，医学专家才要求人们采取防护措施。A. rewards奖励；B. warnings警告；C. diseases疾病；D. titles标题。根据空前“get similar”及空后“that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin.”可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人的疾病。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。A. glasses眼镜；B. glves手套；C. shes鞋子；D. cvers防护罩。根据常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎不可避免的是，那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险中。A. dd奇怪的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. critical关键的；D. intimidating令人生畏的。根据下文“There is a(n) 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers, but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn.”及常识可知，探索新领域时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的。A. fcus焦点；B. evlutin进化；C. demand要求；D. breakthrugh突破。根据空后“fr better prtectin fr the pineers”可知，有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护他们免受辐射。A. prtect保护；B. fight战斗；C. warn警告；D. frbid禁止。根据空后“against radiatin”可知，此处指保护宇航员免受辐射。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。A. space太空；B. time时间；C. technlgy技术；D. histry历史。根据上文“Hwever, the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later.”可知，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。故选B。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。A. unmatched无与伦比的；B. uplifting人振奋的；C. glrius光荣的；D. cncrete具体的。根据上文“It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers.”可知，这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为先驱者不仅探索了新的领域，而且还帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未知环境的影响。A. extend扩展；B. prceed进行；C. munt开展；D. explre探索。根据上文“It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers.”及空后“new frntiers”可知，此处指探索新的领域。故选D。
16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了本特利Bentley将拍摄雪花作为终身爱好和事业的故事。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民兼业余气象学家威尔逊·A·本特利（Wilsn A.Bentley）试图回答这个问题，他致力于50年来的观察雪花。 A. creating创造；B. prducing产生；C. bserving观察；D. cleaning打扫。由后文“ Bentley studied snwflakes in a(n) 8 rm in the back f the huse. ”可知，本特利花时间“观察”雪花。故选C项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利出生于1865年，在农场长大。 A. wrked工作；B. raised举起，抚养；C. ran运行；D. helped帮助。由前文“Bentley was brn in 1865 and”可知，这里应讲他的成长，他是在农场上被“抚养”大的。故选B项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他15岁生日那天，本特利的母亲给了他一个旧的显微镜。A. bag袋子；B. camera摄像机；C. micrscpe显微镜；D. tray盘。由后文“ a new, better micrscpe”可知，这里讲母亲给他一个旧的“显微镜”。故选C项。
19．考查动词词组辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. succeeded in成功；B. turned in上交；C. gave up放弃；D. gave in屈服。由后文“getting a glimpse f a six-sided snwflake”可知，本特利“成功”地观察到了雪花。故选A项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. time时间；B. frame框架；C. instructin指令；D. instrument仪器。由前文“Bentley’s mther gave him an ld ”可知，本特利用这旧的显微镜“仪器”观察到了雪花。故选D项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. hld举行，托住；B. fix修复；C. adjust调整；D. buy购买。由“ a wden frame”可知，这木制框架是用来“托住”显微镜的。故选A项。
22．考查介词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. withut没有；B. alng沿着；C. under在...下；D. abve在...上面。由前文“getting a glimpse f a six-sided snwflake with the 5 ”可知，本特利是“在显微镜下”观察拍摄雪花的。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他余生的每一个冬天，本特利都会在房子后面一间没有暖气的房间里研究雪花。A. ld旧的；B. unheated未加热的，无暖气的；C. small小的；D. czy舒适的。由“ snwflakes”可知，只有在“没有暖气”寒冷的地方才能观察雪花，否则雪花会融化。故选B项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在室外，他把雪花收集在一个漆成黑色的木托盘上观察。A. black黑色的；B. white白色的；C. new新的；D. dd古怪的。由后文“t bserve it”可知，雪花是白色的，所以只有在“黑色”背景下才好观察。故选A项。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他发现大多数雪花都有六个边，但其他雪花看起来像三角形，或是柱子，没有两个雪花是相同的。A. r或；B. and和；C. s因此；D. but但是。由后文“thers lked like triangles, r clumns”可知，这和前面一句话形成转折关系。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利与任何感兴趣的人分享了雪花。A. sld出售；B. shared分享；C. carried携带；D. presented呈现。由后文“anyne wh was interested”可知，他应该是和有相同爱好的人“分享”自己的发现。故选B项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为科学家和《国家地理》等杂志撰写文章。A. magazines杂志；B. newspaper报纸；C. clleges大学；D. cmpanies公司。由后文“Natinal Gegraphic”可知，这是一本“杂志”。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，他觉得似乎很少有人关心他的工作。A. amazed惊讶的；B. excited激动的；C. discuraged沮丧的；D. encuraged受鼓舞的。由后文“few peple seemed t care abut his wrk.”可知，没人关注他的工作，这会让他“感到沮丧的”。故选C项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是没有停了下来。 A. always总是；B. nce一次；C. ever曾经；D. never从不。由“Still”以及前文可知，虽然很少人关注他，他仍然“不”停下来，继续他的爱好。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1920年，本特利当选为美国气象学会首批成员之一，该学会后来于1924年向他颁发了第一笔研究资助。A. wed欠；B. awarded授予；C. praised称赞；D. cnsidered考虑。由后文“ its first research grant in 1924”可知，这是给他“授予”的奖励。故选B项。
31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．D 45．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和父母搬到了新奥尔良，作者厌恶这个地方，后来得到了当地人的关爱，最终决定把这里当作自己的家。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们搬箱子的时候，我向妈妈宣布。A. annunced宣布；B. replied回答；C. insisted坚持；D. pinted指出。根据上文“I hate New Orleans! I wanna g hme!”可知，此处表示作者向妈妈宣布。故选A。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，回家并不容易，因为我的家在1100英里之外。A. Therefre因此；B. Instead相反，反而；C. Hwever然而；D. Besides另外。根据上文“I hate New Orleans! I wanna g hme!”以及下文“ging hme was nt easy because my hme was 1, 100 miles away.”可知，句子前后是转折关系，空处应用hwever，表示“然而”。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在北弗吉尼亚出生并长大。 A. evaluated评价；B. raised养育；C. prmted提升；D. fed喂养。根据下文“Virginia was my hme”可知，作者在弗吉尼亚长大。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗吉尼亚是我的家，我从没想过那会改变。A. develp开发；B. cntinue继续；C. btain获得；D. change改变。根据上文“Virginia was my hme, and I never expected that t”以及下文“In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, s my parents decided t mve t my mm’s hmetwn f New Orleans.”可知，作者没有想过改变。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我父母做出搬家决定后仅仅三个月，我发现自己正在把箱子搬进我们的新房子。A. attempt试图；B. suggestin建议；C. excuse借口；D. decisin决定。根据下文“I fund myself mving bxes int ur new huse.”可知，作者一家做出了搬家的决定。故选D。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对母亲说我讨厌新环境，部分原因是它太热了，但主要是因为我觉得我的整个生活都被颠覆了。A. preferred更喜欢；B. missed错过；C. hated 厌恶；D. imagined想象。根据下文“partly mtivated by hw ht it was, but it was mstly due t the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside dwn”可知，作者厌恶新的环境。故选C。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在距离我所熟悉的人和事1100英里之外的地方，我感到害怕。A. surprised感到吃惊的；B. frightened感到害怕的；C. delighted感到高兴的；D. relieved感到宽慰的。根据上文“1,100 miles away frm everyne and everything I had ever knwn”可知，此处表示作者感到害怕。故选B。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：开始高中生活本身就是一段可怕的经历。A. perfrmance表演；B. activity活动；C. presentatin展示；D. experience经历。根据上文“Beginning high schl is a scary”可知，此处表示开始高中生活的经历是可怕的。故选D。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在新奥尔良度过了前几个月，非常想回到弗吉尼亚的家。A. partly部分地；B. badly非常；C. slightly稍微；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“wanting t g hme t Virginia.”可知，作者非常想家。故选B。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在几个月的想家之后，我意识到我有一个选择。A. realized意识到；B. remembered记得；C. inferred推断；D. cmplained抱怨。根据下文“I had a chice”可知，此处表示作者意识到自己有选择。故选A。
41．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我可以继续思考我有多想念我的老房子，或者我可以开始尝试在这里建一个新家。A. and和；B. but但是；C. r或者；D. s所以。根据下文“I culd start trying t build a new hme right here. I chse the latter.”可知，作者是在两个抉择中做出的选择，空处应用连词r，表示“或者”。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 当我不再关注我有多想念弗吉尼亚时，我开始接受人们已经给予我的爱。A. attentin注意力，关注；B. patience耐心；C. trust信任；D. cnfidence信心。根据下文“hw much I missed Virginia, I was able t begin accepting the lve that peple were already giving me.”可知，此处表示作者不再关注想家这件事。故选A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居教我做一些新奥尔良的食物，我找到了一个很棒的厨师和邻居社区。A. generatin世代；B. cmmunity社区；C. race种族；D. schl 学校。根据上文“My neighbr taught me hw t ck sme New Orleans fd”可知，作者找到一个很棒的社区。故选B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我抓住每一个可能的机会来改善自己，重建我的生活。A. teach教；B. accept接受；C. judge判断；D. better改善。根据下文“myself and t rebuild my life”以及语境可知，作者开始新生活，改善自己。故选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我为自己创造了一个新家的适应力和人们对我的爱，家就在这里。A. belief信仰；B. freedm自由；C. lve爱；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“I was able t begin accepting the lve that peple were already giving me.”以及下文“that peple have shwn t me”可知，作者在新地方得到了人们的爱。故选C。
46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．D 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. hnuring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. cnduct行为、举动；C. flavur味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“explding under pressure r heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innvatins创新；B. effrts努力；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. assciatin协会。根据上文“Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a ___3___ explsive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
50．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brught up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. brke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purpsefully故意地；C. unintentinally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappinted失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strngly ___8___ Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became ___9___ by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. errr错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. cnsequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destrying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. cmbining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. imprve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustratin说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. frtune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. chices选择；B. decisins决定；C. prfits利润；D. cntributins贡献。根据第一段“The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible ___1___ peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
60．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave ff散发；D. gave ut分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
61．C 62．C 63．D 64．D 65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A 69．D 70．B 71．C 72．A 73．B 74．D 75．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦和他的前妻Marits的故事。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在同一个班级学习，对物理的相同兴趣使他们走到一起，成为了好朋友 A. pairs一对；B. cuples夫妻；C. friends朋友；D. classmates同学。由空前句意“……对于在物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，这里是指他们成为好朋友。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1903年，爱因斯坦24岁时娶了比他大4岁的Marits。A. saved拯救；B. defeated打败；C. married娶，结婚；D. blamed责备。根据后文 3 their marriage,…可知，此处指爱因斯坦娶了Marits。故选C。
63．考查介词词义辨析。句意：婚后，爱因斯坦致力于伟大相对论的研究。A. Since自从；B. Fr为了；C. With有；D. After在……之后。由语境可知，他们结婚以后，爱因斯坦投身于对相对论的研究。故选D。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gave给；B. ffered提供；C. frced强迫；D. devted投身于，致力于。devte neself t sth.致力于某事，是固定搭配。故选D。
65．考查介词和动词短语词义变成。句意：为了给丈夫更多的帮助，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了一名好妻子和好助手。所给选项可以和空前动词give构动词短语。A. give ff发出（光和热等）；B. give ut发出，分发；C. give up放弃；D. give in屈服，投降。根据后文and became a gd wife and…可知，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了丈夫的好妻子和好助手。故选C。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ck厨师；B. mther母亲；C. friend朋友；D. assistant助手。由上文中的 husband mre help及下文可知，此处指Marits成为爱因斯坦的贤妻和助手。故选D。
67．考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，她都尽力去鼓励他。A. whatever无论什么；B. whenever无论何时；C. hwever 无论如何；D. wherever无论何地。结合句意和语境可知，此处需用whenever，表示不管何时，只要有时间，Marits 都会去鼓励爱因斯坦。故选B。
68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至在信中讨论问题，当他们中的一个人不在家的时候。A. even甚至；B. never从不；C. seldm几乎不；D. smetimes有时候。由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题。此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。故选A。
69．考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beynd超出；B. ff离开（某地）；C. ut出去；D. away离开。由上文中的in their letters可知，此处是说他们其中一个不在家的时候。be away frm hme不在家，符合语境。故选D。
70．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1914年，爱因斯坦一家搬到柏林定居下来。A. put放；B. settled定居，解决；C. tk带走；D. sat坐。根据空前的mved t Berlin可知，爱因斯坦一家在柏林定居。settle dwn定居。故选B。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，他在全世界闻名。A. seemed似乎，好像；B. appeared看起来像；C. prved证明；D. lked看，看起来。由空格后的t be crrect和he became famus all ver the wrld可推知，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。故选C。
72．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：Marits为她丈夫的成功感到骄傲。A. prud f以……感到骄傲；B. praised fr因……赞扬……；C. pleased with对……感到满意；D. wrried abut对……感到担忧。由上下文和常识来看，因为爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，所以Marits为丈夫的成功感到自豪。故选A。
73．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但不久，第一次世界大战爆发了。A. when当……时候；B. befre在……之前；C. since因为；D. as当……时候。It was nt lng befre... 为固定句式，意为“不久就……”。故选B。
74．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. figured ut弄清楚，弄明白；B. wrked ut算出；C. turned ut结果是；D. brke ut战争/火灾/疾病的爆发。根据the First Wrld War可知，战争的爆发需用动词短语brke ut。故选D。
75．考查介词词义辨析。句意：Marits和她在瑞士度假的两个儿子再也回不来柏林了。A. in后接年份/月份/季节的时间词；B. at后接具体的时刻；C. n后接具体的某一天的上午，下午或晚上；D. fr后接一段时间。be n hliday在度假，固定短语。故选C。
76．D 77．C 78．A 79．B 80．B 81．D 82．A 83．B 84．D 85．B 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．A 90．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小提琴家Fritz Kreisler为一位收藏家演奏小提琴的故事中，感悟到幸福存在于帮助他人之中，幸福与能做什么或不能做什么无关，而是和给予了别人多少有关。
76．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一个关于小提琴家Fritz Kreisler的故事，讲述了他有一次是如何遇到一件他想要得到的漂亮乐器的。A. fund ut查明；B. gave up放弃；C. tk ver接管；D. came acrss偶遇。结合后文“a beautiful instrument he wanted t get”可知此处指小提琴家Fritz Kreisler偶然看到他钟爱的小提琴。故选D。
77．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. pssibly可能地；B. recently目前；C. finally终于；D. seriusly严肃地。结合后文“raised the mney fr the vilin, he returned t”可知Kreisler准备去买琴，说明终于凑足了钱。故选C。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. cllectr收藏家；B. musician音乐家；C. perfrmer表演者；D. inventr发明者。根据后文“the cllectr said”可知是收藏家买了这把琴。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去了新主人的家，试图说服他卖掉这把小提琴。A. expect期望；B. persuade说服；C. help帮助；D. frce迫使。根据后文“him t sell the vilin”可推知是Kreisler试图说服买家把这把琴卖给自己。故选B。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. angry愤怒的；B. disappinted失望的；C. helpless无助的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“he culd nt let it g”可知卖家不肯卖，因此Kreisler感到很失望。故选B。
81．考查连词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. s that以便；B. unless除非；C. as if好像；D. befre在……之前。根据前后文语境“May I play the instrument nce mre 6 it is put away?”可推知是在琴收起来之前，用它演奏一次，应用befre。故选D。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：得到允许后，这位伟大的音乐家开始演奏。A. Permissin允许；B. Judgment判断；C. Award奖；D. Mney金钱。根据后文“the great musician began t play”可知收藏家允许Kreisler用小提琴演奏。故选A。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小提琴发出了美妙的音乐，连收藏家自己也听得惊叹不已。A. pain痛苦；B. amazement惊异；C. secret秘密；D. srrw悲伤。根据上文“sang ut a quality f music which was s beautiful that the cllectr himself culd nly listen in”以及收藏家后来决定把琴送给Kreisler，可推知收藏家对小提琴发出的美妙音乐惊叹不已，in amazement惊讶地。故选B。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它带向世界上，让人们听到。A. discuss讨论；B. use使用；C. knw知道；D. hear听见。结合后“is meant t be heard”可知是指让人们听到这美妙的音乐。故选D。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为你我都是优秀的小提琴手，我们的音乐是为了让别人听到。A. stry故事；B. music音乐；C. message信息；D. vice声音。结合上文“sang ut a quality f music which was s beautiful”可知，小提琴手演奏出的音乐就是为了让别人听到。故选B。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想要那样的生活——带着它走进世界，充实地生活。A. wrd话语；B. instrument仪器；C. life生活；D. wrk工作。根据下一段中“t take it int the wrld and live it fully”可知此处是在对生活的感悟，故选C。
87．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿未竟而死。A. dressed up打扮；B. used up用完，耗尽；C. beaten up殴打；D. wken up醒来。结合后文“than die nt having dne whatever I culd”可知此处想要表达的是，宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿还未做任何力所能及的事就死去。故选B。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是说要做太多事情来让自己筋疲力尽。A. prtecting保护；B. cntrlling控制；C. amusing逗乐；D. exhausting使……筋疲力尽。根据后文“urselves by ding t much”可知此处指做太多的事情让自己筋疲力尽。故选D。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：志愿为慈善组织工作。A. Vlunteer志愿；B. Struggle挣扎；C. Cntinue继续；D. Wait等待。根据后文“t wrk fr a charity rganizatin”可知此处指为慈善组织做志愿工作。故选A。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是关于我给予了别人多少。A. talk谈话；B. turn转弯；C. give给予；D. adapt适应。根据上一段中“But it is fund in applying ur lives t helping thers. Say yes when asked fr a hand.”可知作者认为幸福在于帮助他人，给予别人力所能及的帮助。故选C。
（2023春·江苏南通·高二校考阶段练习）Praise fr Pineers in Science
In memry f Marie Curie n her birthday n Saturday, the fficial website f the Nbel Prize psted a phtgraph f her ntebk saying. “Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk. Even tday her labratry ntebk frm 1899-1902, is 1 and will be fr 1.500 years.”
The tales f Marie and ther scientists f her time are in sme sense very 2 .
Wilhelm Cnrad Rentgen discvered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antine Henri Becquerel fund that sme natural substances 3 rays, t. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 4 , radiactivity.
Hwever, the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radiactive substances fr decades using little r n prtectin. Marie’s death is a reminder abut the risks pineers in science 7 . It was nly after peple handling radiactive substances began t get similar 8 that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin. Tday, medical health wrkers and patients wear heavy prtective 9 during X-rays.
It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers. There is a(n) 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers, but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn. Fr example, the space suits astrnauts wear 12 them against radiatin. Hwever, nly 13 will tell if there are sme ther unknwn dangers.
The cntributins and sacrifices by such pineers t the field f science are 14 and deserving f ur respect. Because the pineers nt nly 15 new frntiers, but als help us better prtect urselves frm unknwn surrundings.
1．A．extrardinaryB．radiactiveC．prtectiveD．creative
2．A．tragicB．inspiratinalC．rmanticD．meaningful
3．A．blckedB．absrbedC．reflectedD．emitted
4．A．privilegeB．nameC．nticeD．identity
5．A．scientificB．nvelC．sensitiveD．harmful
6．A．cntempraryB．cnservativeC．curiusD．cautius
7．A．deliverB．relieveC．undertakeD．generate
8．A．rewardsB．warningsC．diseasesD．titles
9．A．glassesB．glvesC．shesD．cvers
10．A．ddB．inevitableC．criticalD．intimidating
11．A．fcusB．evlutinC．demandD．breakthrugh
12．A．prtectB．fightC．warnD．frbid
13．A．spaceB．timeC．technlgyD．histry
14．A．unmatchedB．upliftingC．glriusD．cncrete
15．A．extendB．prceedC．muntD．explre
（2023·江苏·模拟预测）N tw snwflakes are alike?Wilsn A．Bentley, a farmer and amateur meterlgist, sught t answer that questin, dedicating himself t 16 flakes f snw fr 50 years.
Bentley was brn in 1865 and 17 n a farm.On his 15th birthday,Bentley’s mther gave him an ld 18 .It was snwing that day, and the by 19 getting a glimpse f a six-sided snwflake with the 20 . When he was 17, Bentley asked his parents t buy him a new, better micrscpe and a camera.His father argued that it was a waste f time. Finally, his father gave in. Bentley built a wden frame t 21 the new equipment and then spent 2 years figuring ut hw t take a picture f a snwflake 22 a micrscpe. On January 15,1885,he did it,creating the wrld’s first pht f snwflake. Every winter fr the rest f his life, Bentley studied snwflakes in a(n) 23 rm in the back f the huse. The prcess was difficult and cld. (Outdrs, he cllected snwflakes n a wden tray that was painted 24 t bserve it. Whenever it snwed, Bentley caught and captured flakes, smetimes wrking all night. He fund that mst snwflakes had six sides, 25 thers lked like triangles, r clumns—n tw were alike.
Bentley 26 his snwflakes with anyne wh was interested. He wrte articles fr scientists and fr 27 such as Natinal Gegraphic. Occasinally, he felt 28 that few peple seemed t care abut his wrk.Still,he 29 stpped.In 1920,Bentley was elected as ne f the first members f the American Meterlgical Sciety, which later 30 him its first research grant in 1924.
16．A．creatingB．prducingC．bservingD．cleaning
17．A．wrkedB．raisedC．ranD．helped
18．A．bagB．cameraC．micrscpeD．tray
19．A．succeeded inB．turned inC．gave upD．gave in
20．A．timeB．frameC．instructinD．instrument
21．A．hldB．fixC．adjustD．buy
22．A．withutB．alngC．underD．abve
23．A．ldB．unheatedC．smallD．czy
24．A．blackB．whiteC．newD．dd
25．A．rB．andC．sD．but
26．A．sldB．sharedC．carriedD．presented
27．A．magazinesB．newspaperC．cllegesD．cmpanies
28．A．amazedB．excitedC．discuragedD．encuraged
29．A．alwaysB．nceC．everD．never
30．A．wedB．awardedC．praisedD．cnsidered
（2022秋·江苏南京高二单元测试）Finding Hme “I hate New Orleans! I wanna g hme!” I 31 t my mther as we mved bxes. 32 ging hme was nt easy because my hme was 1,100 miles away.
I was brn and 33 in nrthern Virginia. Virginia was my hme, and I never expected that t 34 In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, s my parents decided t mve t my mm’s hmetwn f New Orleans.
Only three mnths after my parents made the 35 t mve I fund myself mving bxes int ur new huse. My annuncement t my mther that I 36 the new envirnment was partly mtivated by hw ht it was, but it was mstly due t the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside dwn 1,100 miles away frm everyne and everything I had ever knwn, I was 37 . T make matters wrse, I was starting high schl in tw weeks. Beginning high schl is a scary 38 n its wn.
I spent my first few mnths in New Orleans, 39 wanting t g hme t Virginia. But after a few mnths f missing hme, I 40 that I had a chice. I culd cntinue thinking abut hw much I missed my ld hme, 41 I culd start trying t build a new hme right here. I chse the latter.
As sn as I stpped giving all my 42 t hw much I missed Virginia I was able t begin accepting the lve that peple were already giving me. I jined sme clubs at schl, which gave me the chance t make friends. My neighbr taught me hw t ck sme New Orleans fd, and I fund a wnderful 43 f fellw cks and neighbrs. Overall, I seized every pssible pprtunity t 44 myself and t rebuild my life.
Because f my resilience (适应力) in creating a new hme fr myself and the 45 that peple have shwn t me, hme is right here.
31．A．annuncedB．repliedC．insistedD．pinted
32．A．TherefreB．InsteadC．HweverD．Besides
33．A．evaluatedB．raisedC．prmtedD．fed
34．A．develpB．cntinueC．btainD．change
35．A．attemptB．suggestinC．excuseD．decisin
36．A．preferredB．missedC．hatedD．imagined
37．A．surprisedB．frightenedC．delightedD．relieved
38．A．perfrmanceB．activityC．presentatinD．experience
39．A．partlyB．badlyC．slightlyD．gradually
40．A．realizedB．rememberedC．inferredD．cmplained
41．A．andB．butC．rD．s
42．A．attentinB．patienceC．trustD．cnfidence
43．A．generatinB．cmmunityC．raceD．schl
44．A．teachB．acceptC．judgeD．better
45．A．beliefB．freedmC．lveD．interest
（2023春·江苏苏州高二单元测试）The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible 46 peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nbel was brn in 1833 t a family f engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascani Sbrer, the inventr f nitrglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 47 f explding under pressure r heat, Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a 48 explsive (爆炸物). After years f 49 , in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives. He 50 his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.
When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 51 published Alfred’s bituary (讣告). Reading his wn bituary, Nbel was 52 t find ut his public image. Then newspaper strngly 53 Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became 54 by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.”
T Alfred, this bituary was a(n) 55 . He spent his lifetime alne 56 things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered. This unfrtunate event inspired him t make changes in his will. s as t 57 his public image, and t be remembered fr a gd cause. In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last 58 , saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great 59 t mankind in physics, chemistry,physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace. T widespread astnishment, Dr. Alfred Nbel 60 94% f his ttal wealth t fund the five Nbel Prizes.
46．A．.rememberingB．hnuringC．creditingD．negating
47．A．natureB．.cnductC．flavurD．benefit
48．A．deadlyB．bitterC．usable.D．mild
49．A．innvatinsB．effrtsC．hesitatinD．assciatin
50．A．brught upB．put upC．brke upD．built up
51．A．mistakenlyB．purpsefullyC．unintentinallyD．scientifically
52．A．satisfiedB．relievedC．impressedD．disappinted
53．A．praisedB．blamedC．appreciatedD．favured
54．A．greedyB．essentialC．richD．sufficient
55．A．errrB．warningC．threatD．cnsequence
56．A．destryingB．inventingC．cmbiningD．stimulating
57．A．imprveB．establishC．illustrateD．secure
58．A．requestB．illustratinC．willD．frtune
59．A．chicesB．decisinsC．prfitsD．cntributins
60．A．gave awayB．gave backC．gave ffD．gave ut
（2020·高二课时练习）In 1896, 17-year-ld Einstein went t Zurich t study physics. There he met Marits, a girl frm Hungary. They studied in the same class and the same interest in physics brught the tw tgether and they became gd 61 . Befre lng, they fell in lve with each ther. In 1903, when Einstein was 24, he 62 Marits, wh was fur years lder than he. 63 their marriage, Einstein 64 himself t the research f the great thery f relativity. T give her husband mre help, Marits gave 65 her wn wrk, and became a gd wife and 66 . She tried her best t encurage him 67 pssible. She was sure that her husband wuld succeed. They ften discussed the thery while walking utside r sitting tgether in the rm. They 68 did that in their letters when ne f them was 69 frm hme.
In 1914, the Einsteins mved t Berlin and 70 dwn there. At that time, Einstein's thery 71 t be crrect and he became famus all ver the wrld.
Marits was very 72 her husband with his success. But it was nt lng 73 the First Wrld War 74 . Marits as well as her tw sns, wh were 75 hliday in Switzerland, culdn't cme back t Berlin any lnger. The war nt nly stpped Einstein's wrk but als brke up the warm, happy family. In 1919, Einstein and Marits had t get divrced.
61．A．pairsB．cuplesC．friendsD．classmates
62．A．savedB．defeatedC．marriedD．blamed
63．A．SinceB．FrC．WithD．After
64．A．gaveB．fferedC．frcedD．devted
65．A．ffB．utC．upD．in
66．A．ckB．mtherC．friendD．assistant
67．A．whateverB．wheneverC．hweverD．wherever
68．A．evenB．neverC．seldmD．smetimes
69．A．beyndB．ffC．utD．away
70．A．putB．settledC．tkD．sat
71．A．seemedB．appearedC．prvedD．lked
72．A．prud fB．praised frC．pleased withD．wrried abut
73．A．whenB．befreC．sinceD．as
74．A．figured utB．wrked utC．turned utD．brke ut
75．A．inB．atC．nD．fr
（2023秋·高二课时练习）Life is t be lived. N excuses. N hlding back.
A stry abut the vilinist Fritz Kreisler tells hw he nce 76 a beautiful instrument he wanted t get. When he 77 raised the mney fr the vilin, he returned t buy it and learned that it had already been sld t a(n) 78 .
He went t the new wner’s hme in rder t try t 79 him t sell the vilin. Hwever, the cllectr said it was ne f his valuable pssessins and he culd nt let it g. Kreisler felt 80 and turned t leave, but then asked a favur, “May I play the instrument nce mre 81 it is put away?”
82 was given and the great musician began t play. The vilin sang ut a quality f music which was s beautiful that the cllectr himself culd nly listen in 83 . “I have n right t keep that t myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The vilin is yurs, Mr. Kreisler. Take it int the wrld, and let peple 84 it. ”
Fr yu and I are excellent vilins—ur 85 is meant t be heard.
I want t live my 86 that way—t take it int the wrld and live it fully. I’d rather be 87 than die nt having dne whatever I culd.
I’m nt talking abut 88 urselves by ding t much. Happiness is never fund in excessive business. But it is fund in applying ur lives t helping thers. Say yes when asked fr a hand. 89 t wrk fr a charity rganizatin. Spend an hur with a lnely relative.
In the end, I knw that my happiness is nt abut what I can r cannt d. It is abut hw much I 90 t thers. My life is meant t be lived.
76．A．fund utB．gave upC．tk verD．came acrss
77．A．pssiblyB．recentlyC．finallyD．seriusly
78．A．cllectrB．musicianC．perfrmerD．inventr
79．A．expectB．persuadeC．helpD．frce
80．A．angryB．disappintedC．helplessD．brave
81．A．s thatB．unlessC．as ifD．befre
82．A．PermissinB．JudgmentC．AwardD．Mney
83．A．painB．amazementC．secretD．srrw
84．A．discussB．useC．knwD．hear
85．A．stryB．musicC．messageD．vice
86．A．wrdB．instrumentC．lifeD．wrk
87．A．dressed upB．used upC．beaten upD．wken up
88．A．prtectingB．cntrllingC．amusingD．exhausting
89．A．VlunteerB．StruggleC．CntinueD．Wait
90．A．talkB．turnC．giveD．adapt
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名科学家玛丽·居里夫人及其他科学先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，她1899年至1902年的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，将持续1500年。A. extrardinary非凡的；B. radiactive放射性的；C. prtective保护性的；D. creative有创意的。根据上文“Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk.”可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家的故事是非常悲惨的。A. tragic悲惨的；B. inspiratinal鼓舞人心的；C. rmantic浪漫的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk.”可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学作出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出射线。A. blcked阻塞；B. absrbed吸收；C. reflected反映；D. emitted发出。根据空后“rays”可知，此处指发出射线。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。A. privilege特权；B. name名字；C. ntice注意；D. identity身份。根据空后“radiactivity”可知，此处指起了一个名字。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，放射性的有害影响直到几十年后才被发现。A. scientific科学的；B. nvel新奇的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. harmful有害的。根据上文“Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) n 4 July 1934, a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk.”可知，放射性会产生有害的影响。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，玛丽和她同时代的科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎没有防护措施。A. cntemprary同时代的；B. cnservative保守的；C. curius好奇的；D. cautius谨慎的。根据语境可知，此处指和玛丽同时代的科学家们。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担的风险。A. deliver交付；B. relieve缓解；C. undertake承担；D. generate生成。根据上文“the risks pineers in science”可知，此处指科学先驱所承担的风险。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有在接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似疾病后，医学专家才要求人们采取防护措施。A. rewards奖励；B. warnings警告；C. diseases疾病；D. titles标题。根据空前“get similar”及空后“that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin.”可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人的疾病。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。A. glasses眼镜；B. glves手套；C. shes鞋子；D. cvers防护罩。根据常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎不可避免的是，那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险中。A. dd奇怪的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. critical关键的；D. intimidating令人生畏的。根据下文“There is a(n) 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers, but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn.”及常识可知，探索新领域时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的。A. fcus焦点；B. evlutin进化；C. demand要求；D. breakthrugh突破。根据空后“fr better prtectin fr the pineers”可知，有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护他们免受辐射。A. prtect保护；B. fight战斗；C. warn警告；D. frbid禁止。根据空后“against radiatin”可知，此处指保护宇航员免受辐射。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。A. space太空；B. time时间；C. technlgy技术；D. histry历史。根据上文“Hwever, the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later.”可知，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。故选B。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。A. unmatched无与伦比的；B. uplifting人振奋的；C. glrius光荣的；D. cncrete具体的。根据上文“It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers.”可知，这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为先驱者不仅探索了新的领域，而且还帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未知环境的影响。A. extend扩展；B. prceed进行；C. munt开展；D. explre探索。根据上文“It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers.”及空后“new frntiers”可知，此处指探索新的领域。故选D。
16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了本特利Bentley将拍摄雪花作为终身爱好和事业的故事。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民兼业余气象学家威尔逊·A·本特利（Wilsn A.Bentley）试图回答这个问题，他致力于50年来的观察雪花。 A. creating创造；B. prducing产生；C. bserving观察；D. cleaning打扫。由后文“ Bentley studied snwflakes in a(n) 8 rm in the back f the huse. ”可知，本特利花时间“观察”雪花。故选C项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利出生于1865年，在农场长大。 A. wrked工作；B. raised举起，抚养；C. ran运行；D. helped帮助。由前文“Bentley was brn in 1865 and”可知，这里应讲他的成长，他是在农场上被“抚养”大的。故选B项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他15岁生日那天，本特利的母亲给了他一个旧的显微镜。A. bag袋子；B. camera摄像机；C. micrscpe显微镜；D. tray盘。由后文“ a new, better micrscpe”可知，这里讲母亲给他一个旧的“显微镜”。故选C项。
19．考查动词词组辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. succeeded in成功；B. turned in上交；C. gave up放弃；D. gave in屈服。由后文“getting a glimpse f a six-sided snwflake”可知，本特利“成功”地观察到了雪花。故选A项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天正在下雪，男孩用仪器成功地瞥见了一片六面雪花。A. time时间；B. frame框架；C. instructin指令；D. instrument仪器。由前文“Bentley’s mther gave him an ld ”可知，本特利用这旧的显微镜“仪器”观察到了雪花。故选D项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. hld举行，托住；B. fix修复；C. adjust调整；D. buy购买。由“ a wden frame”可知，这木制框架是用来“托住”显微镜的。故选A项。
22．考查介词词义辨析。句意：本特利建造了一个木制框架来托住新设备，然后花了两年时间研究如何在显微镜下拍摄雪花。A. withut没有；B. alng沿着；C. under在...下；D. abve在...上面。由前文“getting a glimpse f a six-sided snwflake with the 5 ”可知，本特利是“在显微镜下”观察拍摄雪花的。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他余生的每一个冬天，本特利都会在房子后面一间没有暖气的房间里研究雪花。A. ld旧的；B. unheated未加热的，无暖气的；C. small小的；D. czy舒适的。由“ snwflakes”可知，只有在“没有暖气”寒冷的地方才能观察雪花，否则雪花会融化。故选B项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在室外，他把雪花收集在一个漆成黑色的木托盘上观察。A. black黑色的；B. white白色的；C. new新的；D. dd古怪的。由后文“t bserve it”可知，雪花是白色的，所以只有在“黑色”背景下才好观察。故选A项。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他发现大多数雪花都有六个边，但其他雪花看起来像三角形，或是柱子，没有两个雪花是相同的。A. r或；B. and和；C. s因此；D. but但是。由后文“thers lked like triangles, r clumns”可知，这和前面一句话形成转折关系。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本特利与任何感兴趣的人分享了雪花。A. sld出售；B. shared分享；C. carried携带；D. presented呈现。由后文“anyne wh was interested”可知，他应该是和有相同爱好的人“分享”自己的发现。故选B项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为科学家和《国家地理》等杂志撰写文章。A. magazines杂志；B. newspaper报纸；C. clleges大学；D. cmpanies公司。由后文“Natinal Gegraphic”可知，这是一本“杂志”。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：偶尔，他觉得似乎很少有人关心他的工作。A. amazed惊讶的；B. excited激动的；C. discuraged沮丧的；D. encuraged受鼓舞的。由后文“few peple seemed t care abut his wrk.”可知，没人关注他的工作，这会让他“感到沮丧的”。故选C项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是没有停了下来。 A. always总是；B. nce一次；C. ever曾经；D. never从不。由“Still”以及前文可知，虽然很少人关注他，他仍然“不”停下来，继续他的爱好。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1920年，本特利当选为美国气象学会首批成员之一，该学会后来于1924年向他颁发了第一笔研究资助。A. wed欠；B. awarded授予；C. praised称赞；D. cnsidered考虑。由后文“ its first research grant in 1924”可知，这是给他“授予”的奖励。故选B项。
31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．D 45．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和父母搬到了新奥尔良，作者厌恶这个地方，后来得到了当地人的关爱，最终决定把这里当作自己的家。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们搬箱子的时候，我向妈妈宣布。A. annunced宣布；B. replied回答；C. insisted坚持；D. pinted指出。根据上文“I hate New Orleans! I wanna g hme!”可知，此处表示作者向妈妈宣布。故选A。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，回家并不容易，因为我的家在1100英里之外。A. Therefre因此；B. Instead相反，反而；C. Hwever然而；D. Besides另外。根据上文“I hate New Orleans! I wanna g hme!”以及下文“ging hme was nt easy because my hme was 1, 100 miles away.”可知，句子前后是转折关系，空处应用hwever，表示“然而”。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在北弗吉尼亚出生并长大。 A. evaluated评价；B. raised养育；C. prmted提升；D. fed喂养。根据下文“Virginia was my hme”可知，作者在弗吉尼亚长大。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗吉尼亚是我的家，我从没想过那会改变。A. develp开发；B. cntinue继续；C. btain获得；D. change改变。根据上文“Virginia was my hme, and I never expected that t”以及下文“In 2014, my family experienced a tragedy, s my parents decided t mve t my mm’s hmetwn f New Orleans.”可知，作者没有想过改变。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我父母做出搬家决定后仅仅三个月，我发现自己正在把箱子搬进我们的新房子。A. attempt试图；B. suggestin建议；C. excuse借口；D. decisin决定。根据下文“I fund myself mving bxes int ur new huse.”可知，作者一家做出了搬家的决定。故选D。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对母亲说我讨厌新环境，部分原因是它太热了，但主要是因为我觉得我的整个生活都被颠覆了。A. preferred更喜欢；B. missed错过；C. hated 厌恶；D. imagined想象。根据下文“partly mtivated by hw ht it was, but it was mstly due t the fact that I felt like my entire life had been turned upside dwn”可知，作者厌恶新的环境。故选C。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在距离我所熟悉的人和事1100英里之外的地方，我感到害怕。A. surprised感到吃惊的；B. frightened感到害怕的；C. delighted感到高兴的；D. relieved感到宽慰的。根据上文“1,100 miles away frm everyne and everything I had ever knwn”可知，此处表示作者感到害怕。故选B。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：开始高中生活本身就是一段可怕的经历。A. perfrmance表演；B. activity活动；C. presentatin展示；D. experience经历。根据上文“Beginning high schl is a scary”可知，此处表示开始高中生活的经历是可怕的。故选D。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在新奥尔良度过了前几个月，非常想回到弗吉尼亚的家。A. partly部分地；B. badly非常；C. slightly稍微；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“wanting t g hme t Virginia.”可知，作者非常想家。故选B。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在几个月的想家之后，我意识到我有一个选择。A. realized意识到；B. remembered记得；C. inferred推断；D. cmplained抱怨。根据下文“I had a chice”可知，此处表示作者意识到自己有选择。故选A。
41．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我可以继续思考我有多想念我的老房子，或者我可以开始尝试在这里建一个新家。A. and和；B. but但是；C. r或者；D. s所以。根据下文“I culd start trying t build a new hme right here. I chse the latter.”可知，作者是在两个抉择中做出的选择，空处应用连词r，表示“或者”。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 当我不再关注我有多想念弗吉尼亚时，我开始接受人们已经给予我的爱。A. attentin注意力，关注；B. patience耐心；C. trust信任；D. cnfidence信心。根据下文“hw much I missed Virginia, I was able t begin accepting the lve that peple were already giving me.”可知，此处表示作者不再关注想家这件事。故选A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居教我做一些新奥尔良的食物，我找到了一个很棒的厨师和邻居社区。A. generatin世代；B. cmmunity社区；C. race种族；D. schl 学校。根据上文“My neighbr taught me hw t ck sme New Orleans fd”可知，作者找到一个很棒的社区。故选B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我抓住每一个可能的机会来改善自己，重建我的生活。A. teach教；B. accept接受；C. judge判断；D. better改善。根据下文“myself and t rebuild my life”以及语境可知，作者开始新生活，改善自己。故选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我为自己创造了一个新家的适应力和人们对我的爱，家就在这里。A. belief信仰；B. freedm自由；C. lve爱；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“I was able t begin accepting the lve that peple were already giving me.”以及下文“that peple have shwn t me”可知，作者在新地方得到了人们的爱。故选C。
46．B 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．D 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. hnuring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. cnduct行为、举动；C. flavur味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“explding under pressure r heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innvatins创新；B. effrts努力；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. assciatin协会。根据上文“Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a ___3___ explsive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
50．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brught up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. brke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purpsefully故意地；C. unintentinally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappinted失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strngly ___8___ Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became ___9___ by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. errr错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. cnsequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destrying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. cmbining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. imprve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustratin说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. frtune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. chices选择；B. decisins决定；C. prfits利润；D. cntributins贡献。根据第一段“The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible ___1___ peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
60．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave ff散发；D. gave ut分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
61．C 62．C 63．D 64．D 65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A 69．D 70．B 71．C 72．A 73．B 74．D 75．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦和他的前妻Marits的故事。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在同一个班级学习，对物理的相同兴趣使他们走到一起，成为了好朋友 A. pairs一对；B. cuples夫妻；C. friends朋友；D. classmates同学。由空前句意“……对于在物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，这里是指他们成为好朋友。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1903年，爱因斯坦24岁时娶了比他大4岁的Marits。A. saved拯救；B. defeated打败；C. married娶，结婚；D. blamed责备。根据后文 3 their marriage,…可知，此处指爱因斯坦娶了Marits。故选C。
63．考查介词词义辨析。句意：婚后，爱因斯坦致力于伟大相对论的研究。A. Since自从；B. Fr为了；C. With有；D. After在……之后。由语境可知，他们结婚以后，爱因斯坦投身于对相对论的研究。故选D。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gave给；B. ffered提供；C. frced强迫；D. devted投身于，致力于。devte neself t sth.致力于某事，是固定搭配。故选D。
65．考查介词和动词短语词义变成。句意：为了给丈夫更多的帮助，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了一名好妻子和好助手。所给选项可以和空前动词give构动词短语。A. give ff发出（光和热等）；B. give ut发出，分发；C. give up放弃；D. give in屈服，投降。根据后文and became a gd wife and…可知，Marits放弃了自己的工作，成为了丈夫的好妻子和好助手。故选C。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ck厨师；B. mther母亲；C. friend朋友；D. assistant助手。由上文中的 husband mre help及下文可知，此处指Marits成为爱因斯坦的贤妻和助手。故选D。
67．考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，她都尽力去鼓励他。A. whatever无论什么；B. whenever无论何时；C. hwever 无论如何；D. wherever无论何地。结合句意和语境可知，此处需用whenever，表示不管何时，只要有时间，Marits 都会去鼓励爱因斯坦。故选B。
68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至在信中讨论问题，当他们中的一个人不在家的时候。A. even甚至；B. never从不；C. seldm几乎不；D. smetimes有时候。由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题。此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。故选A。
69．考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beynd超出；B. ff离开（某地）；C. ut出去；D. away离开。由上文中的in their letters可知，此处是说他们其中一个不在家的时候。be away frm hme不在家，符合语境。故选D。
70．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1914年，爱因斯坦一家搬到柏林定居下来。A. put放；B. settled定居，解决；C. tk带走；D. sat坐。根据空前的mved t Berlin可知，爱因斯坦一家在柏林定居。settle dwn定居。故选B。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，他在全世界闻名。A. seemed似乎，好像；B. appeared看起来像；C. prved证明；D. lked看，看起来。由空格后的t be crrect和he became famus all ver the wrld可推知，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。故选C。
72．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：Marits为她丈夫的成功感到骄傲。A. prud f以……感到骄傲；B. praised fr因……赞扬……；C. pleased with对……感到满意；D. wrried abut对……感到担忧。由上下文和常识来看，因为爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的，所以Marits为丈夫的成功感到自豪。故选A。
73．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但不久，第一次世界大战爆发了。A. when当……时候；B. befre在……之前；C. since因为；D. as当……时候。It was nt lng befre... 为固定句式，意为“不久就……”。故选B。
74．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. figured ut弄清楚，弄明白；B. wrked ut算出；C. turned ut结果是；D. brke ut战争/火灾/疾病的爆发。根据the First Wrld War可知，战争的爆发需用动词短语brke ut。故选D。
75．考查介词词义辨析。句意：Marits和她在瑞士度假的两个儿子再也回不来柏林了。A. in后接年份/月份/季节的时间词；B. at后接具体的时刻；C. n后接具体的某一天的上午，下午或晚上；D. fr后接一段时间。be n hliday在度假，固定短语。故选C。
76．D 77．C 78．A 79．B 80．B 81．D 82．A 83．B 84．D 85．B 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．A 90．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小提琴家Fritz Kreisler为一位收藏家演奏小提琴的故事中，感悟到幸福存在于帮助他人之中，幸福与能做什么或不能做什么无关，而是和给予了别人多少有关。
76．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一个关于小提琴家Fritz Kreisler的故事，讲述了他有一次是如何遇到一件他想要得到的漂亮乐器的。A. fund ut查明；B. gave up放弃；C. tk ver接管；D. came acrss偶遇。结合后文“a beautiful instrument he wanted t get”可知此处指小提琴家Fritz Kreisler偶然看到他钟爱的小提琴。故选D。
77．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. pssibly可能地；B. recently目前；C. finally终于；D. seriusly严肃地。结合后文“raised the mney fr the vilin, he returned t”可知Kreisler准备去买琴，说明终于凑足了钱。故选C。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. cllectr收藏家；B. musician音乐家；C. perfrmer表演者；D. inventr发明者。根据后文“the cllectr said”可知是收藏家买了这把琴。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去了新主人的家，试图说服他卖掉这把小提琴。A. expect期望；B. persuade说服；C. help帮助；D. frce迫使。根据后文“him t sell the vilin”可推知是Kreisler试图说服买家把这把琴卖给自己。故选B。
80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. angry愤怒的；B. disappinted失望的；C. helpless无助的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“he culd nt let it g”可知卖家不肯卖，因此Kreisler感到很失望。故选B。
81．考查连词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. s that以便；B. unless除非；C. as if好像；D. befre在……之前。根据前后文语境“May I play the instrument nce mre 6 it is put away?”可推知是在琴收起来之前，用它演奏一次，应用befre。故选D。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：得到允许后，这位伟大的音乐家开始演奏。A. Permissin允许；B. Judgment判断；C. Award奖；D. Mney金钱。根据后文“the great musician began t play”可知收藏家允许Kreisler用小提琴演奏。故选A。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小提琴发出了美妙的音乐，连收藏家自己也听得惊叹不已。A. pain痛苦；B. amazement惊异；C. secret秘密；D. srrw悲伤。根据上文“sang ut a quality f music which was s beautiful that the cllectr himself culd nly listen in”以及收藏家后来决定把琴送给Kreisler，可推知收藏家对小提琴发出的美妙音乐惊叹不已，in amazement惊讶地。故选B。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它带向世界上，让人们听到。A. discuss讨论；B. use使用；C. knw知道；D. hear听见。结合后“is meant t be heard”可知是指让人们听到这美妙的音乐。故选D。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为你我都是优秀的小提琴手，我们的音乐是为了让别人听到。A. stry故事；B. music音乐；C. message信息；D. vice声音。结合上文“sang ut a quality f music which was s beautiful”可知，小提琴手演奏出的音乐就是为了让别人听到。故选B。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想要那样的生活——带着它走进世界，充实地生活。A. wrd话语；B. instrument仪器；C. life生活；D. wrk工作。根据下一段中“t take it int the wrld and live it fully”可知此处是在对生活的感悟，故选C。
87．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿未竟而死。A. dressed up打扮；B. used up用完，耗尽；C. beaten up殴打；D. wken up醒来。结合后文“than die nt having dne whatever I culd”可知此处想要表达的是，宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿还未做任何力所能及的事就死去。故选B。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是说要做太多事情来让自己筋疲力尽。A. prtecting保护；B. cntrlling控制；C. amusing逗乐；D. exhausting使……筋疲力尽。根据后文“urselves by ding t much”可知此处指做太多的事情让自己筋疲力尽。故选D。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：志愿为慈善组织工作。A. Vlunteer志愿；B. Struggle挣扎；C. Cntinue继续；D. Wait等待。根据后文“t wrk fr a charity rganizatin”可知此处指为慈善组织做志愿工作。故选A。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是关于我给予了别人多少。A. talk谈话；B. turn转弯；C. give给予；D. adapt适应。根据上一段中“But it is fund in applying ur lives t helping thers. Say yes when asked fr a hand.”可知作者认为幸福在于帮助他人，给予别人力所能及的帮助。故选C。
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