还剩14页未读，
继续阅读
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement优秀单元测试课后测评
展开
这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement优秀单元测试课后测评，共17页。
人教版英语选择性必修一第一章测试
英语
姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相).”
Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials.” He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona(0.93 million US dollars), and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million; €950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.
1．How much price money does Thouless get?
A．8 million Swedish krona.
B．6 million Swedish krona.
C．4 million Swedish krona.
D．2 million Swedish krona.
2．According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work_________
A．was far from ending
B．was based on many previous studies
C．had perfectly been completed
D．had surprised the whole world
3．The amount of prize money _________. .
A．has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B．has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C．remains 880,000 SEK each year after 2012
D．differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability
4．What does the last paragraph talk about?
A．The purpose of the award money.
B．How the award money is dealt with.
C．How the laureates are selected.
D．The number of laureates per prize.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives(炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He even set up the Peace Prize, hoping that there would be no war in the world.
He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund(基金). He wanted the interest(利润) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
5．Alfred Nobel did the following EXCEPT ______________
A．choosing the winners of Nobel Prize
B．making and selling weapons
C．setting up the Nobel Prize
D．making and selling explosives
6．Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because _____.
A．he hated war
B．he liked to be honored by people
C．he made enough money
D．he wanted to get more interest from the fund
7．Nobel Prizes come from _____.
A．all Nobel’s money in the fund
B．all Nobel’s money in his company
C．the interest from the fund
D．people’s donation
8．Nobel was a (an) _____ person in the world.
A．interesting B．unselfish
C．kind-hearted D．richest
9．Which statement of the following is Right according to the passage?
A．Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.
B．Most of Nobel’s money was used for the world wars.
C．Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D．Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set it up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器). Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Nobel Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
10．What was Alfred’s business?
A．Making explosives and selling weapons. B．Not making and selling weapons.
C．Making and selling explosives and weapons. D．Making weapons and selling explosives.
11．Where do the Nobel Prizes come from?
A．All the interest from the fund. B．All Nobel’s money in his company.
C．All Nobel’s money in the fund. D．Some of the interest in the fund.
12．Nobel was a ( an ) person in the world.
A．interesting B．kind-hearted C．unselfish D．richest
二、七选五
Most Valuable Possessions on Earth
Marie was a single mother of two children in a rural Missouri community. ____13____ She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.
Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly. ____14____
Soon , Marie witnessed what she had always known: although she was not financially wealthy, she already had the most valuable possessions on earth. Hundreds in her community and surrounding areas teamed up to help her and her family.
Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated appreciation for Marie’s life. ____15____ However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served.
The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared. ____16____ Giving selflessly was a value that Marie displayed all her life, and her spirit of giving lived after her in those who knew and loved her.
All her life, Marie had demonstrated（演示） the truth of this simple principle : ____17____ Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have. We can find the happiness we seek if we will first share it with others. Then —— and only then——we will have the most valuable possessions on earth: love, happiness, and increasing gratitude.
A．Happiness is the result of sharing love and gratitude.
B．She worked full-time during the day and sold handcrafted leather gifts on weekends.
C．She lived a rather poor and hard life with the two children.
D．Marie didn’t live to see the day when her bills were fully paid.
E．Love is second to none.
F．She had barely enough resources to put a cent in the medical treatments she would need.
G．Happiness will not come from worldly possessions of fortune.
三、完形填空
I have made a New Year’s determination to give back. Whether it is time or money, just to give back to people who need some motivation or help.
Daryl is a nightly ____18____ at my gym. I did not get a picture of him. Tonight I could not fall asleep, so I ____19____ to go stretching. Daryl worked hard at ____20____ the floors and cleaning the equipment that people didn’t clean after they used. ____21____ you, this was 3 a.m.
I ____22____ to Daryl and asked him a few questions: does he have a family, how is everything ____23____ and so on. He was very skeptical at first, and you could tell he was ____24____ to provide information for a stranger. I told him that I had made a New Year’s ____25____ to simply give back — give back to those who work hard day and night to ____26____ their family and take pride in their work. Daryl ____27____ did that. I gave Daryl $100 in cash. I told him he ____28____ this and not to treat it ____29____ as a donation. He worked for it and it was my personal ____30____ to reward folks that often got ____31____. Just at that very moment, Daryl ____32____ and said no one had ____33____ done this for him before and that he was struggling. Then he started to ____34____. He said he was old and people like me didn’t ____35____ anymore. I simply told him he deserved it.
When the time and resources come, just ____36____ suit and do something for someone who is working hard and is ____37____. Big or small.
18．A．performer B．operator C．cleaner D．inspector
19．A．managed B．volunteered C．tried D．decided
20．A．washing B．smoothing C．mopping D．scratching
21．A．Warm B．Mind C．Require D．Confirm
22．A．went up B．turned around C．looked up D．pulled over
23．A．developing B．going C．functioning D．running
24．A．sensitive B．willing C．satisfied D．dying
25．A．dream B．blessing C．ambition D．determination
26．A．unite B．protect C．support D．expand
27．A．definitely B．naturally C．fortunately D．tentatively
28．A．possessed B．desired C．ignored D．deserved
29．A．partly B．merely C．certainly D．mostly
30．A．matter B．right C．preference D．goal
31．A．overlooked B．separated C．abandoned D．cheated
32．A．stood up B．barked out C．opened up D．watched out
33．A．just B．ever C．even D．never
34．A．scream B．cry C．reflect D．smile
35．A．live B．survive C．struggle D．exist
36．A．follow B．press C．conduct D．bring
37．A．in demand B．in power C．in need D．in sight
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence ___38___ (suggest) a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed ___39___ medical properties. ___40___ (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
五、根据首字母填写单词
41．After several tests, the scientists drew a c ________that the theory was practical. (根据首字母单词拼写)
42．According to a widely accepted t______, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. (根据首字母单词拼写)
43．We will have a further discussion before we draw a final c___________(根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
44．The other day she had a(n) ____________(偶遇) with a celebrity in a shopping mall. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
45．Tu Youyou spends a great deal of time ________ (分析)malaria patients to find an effective botanical treatment. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
46．The new technique is targeted at mobile _________（仪器）. （根据汉语意思填空）
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
47．One c________ (结果) of global warming is extinction. (根据中英文提示填空)
48．As a matter of fact, happiness doesn’t lie in how much p________(财产) you own. （根据中英文提示填空）
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
49．He________(坚持) discipline in the classroom. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
50．___________________(常言道), “Practice makes perfect”. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
51．It is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of ________ ________ ________(磨损). （根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、句型转换
52．The Amazon river is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
The rainforest gets its name from the Amazon river. (用“介词+关系代词”合并)
53．The government came to power two years ago.(同义句转换)
→The government__________________________________for two years.
十、汉译英（整句）
54．这部最近上映的电影旨在唤起公众对于边防军人的关注，他们冒着生命危险，不惜一切代价捍卫国家尊严。 (concern) (汉译英)
55．完善自我是一个抽象的理想，无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性。(incapable) （汉译英）
56．现在电视上播放各种各样的节目，丰富了人们的生活。（diverse，broadcast）(汉译英)
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
57．__________n.荣誉；尊重；荣幸
58．__________n.荣誉；光荣；赞美
59．__________n.奖章；勋章
60．__________n.锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
61．__________n.冠军；优胜者
62．__________n.决心；决定
63．__________vt.分离；分开；成碎片
64．__________vt.使受伤；损害
65．__________adj.受伤的；有伤的
66．__________n.伤害；损伤
十二、完成句子
67．不管怎样，她都不想作出承诺。
She didn’t want ________ one way or the other.
68．他说以前从没见过她，那不是真的。
He said that he had never seen her before, _______ _______ _______ _______.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D
【分析】瑞典皇家科学院宣布，2016年诺贝尔物理学奖由三位科学家共同分享。奖金的数量取决于诺贝尔基金会每年提供的数量。当年的奖金总额为800万瑞典克朗(约合0.93万美元)，并在这三位获奖者之间分配。
1．C 简单计算题。2016年诺贝尔物理学奖金被分为两部分，一半授予大卫。即大卫获得400万瑞典克朗。
2．A细节理解题。Haldane说，他对这一消息感到“非常惊讶”， 还特别指出，许多工作仍在进行中。由此可知，选A。
3．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，奖金的数量每年都有变化，它取决于诺贝尔基金会每年提供的数量。选D。
4．D 主旨大意题。如果某一奖项有两名获奖者，奖金将平分给获奖者。如果有三名的话，奖励委员会可以选择将钱平分，或者一半分给一名得主，另一半分给另两名得主。获奖者通常会捐出奖金，以造福于科学、文化或慈善事业。本段讲述了奖金的分配和处理。
5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D
【分析】试题分析：文章主要讲述了诺贝尔奖的设立者诺贝尔的事迹。诺贝尔是一个伟大的科学家和发明家，他拥有自己的公司，主要制售炸药和武器。诺贝尔厌恶战争，他期望世界和平。在诺贝尔去世以后，人们根据他的遗嘱设立了诺贝尔奖。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. ...He made and sold explosives ...His companies even made and sold weapons.”可知，Alfred Nobel设立了诺贝尔奖，他有自己的公司，生产、售卖炸药，甚至武器。诺贝尔奖是诺贝尔去世后根据他的遗嘱设立的，A项错误，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world.”可知，诺贝尔讨厌战争，他立下遗嘱，把积蓄用于设立诺贝尔奖，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段“most of his money was placed in a fund(基金). He wanted the interest(利润) from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”可知，诺贝尔的大部分积蓄都放在了一个基金里，所得的利息用于各项奖项，故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“He was one of the richest in Europe.”可知，诺贝尔是当时欧洲最富有的人之一，排除D；根据最后一段“Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. ...he left the world share his wealth”可知，诺贝尔把一生都献给了工作、研究和人类的福祉，他甚至让全世界的人都有机会分享他的财富，说明他是一个大公无私的人，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“He made and sold explosives(炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons.”可知，诺贝尔建立的公司制作和销售炸药与武器，排除A；根据第二段“ he hated war... most of his money was placed in a fund(基金)”可知，诺贝尔讨厌战争，他不可能把钱用在战争上。诺贝尔立下遗嘱把积蓄用于奖励对人类有贡献的人，排除B；根据第二段“Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.”可知，每个人都有可能因自己所从事的工作而荣获诺贝尔奖，排除C；故选D。
10．C 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了诺贝尔奖的创办人Alfred Nobel是一位著名的发明家和工业家，其一生努力工作，也是欧洲最富有的人之一，他无私的把自己攒下的积蓄和世界分享的故事。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器).”（他的生意可能会让你大吃一惊。他制造并销售炸药。他的公司甚至制造和销售武器。）可知，生意是制作炸药和武器。故答案选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”(根据他的遗嘱，他的大部分钱都存入了一个基金。他希望每年都把基金的利息用作奖金。)可知，诺贝尔的奖金来自于基金的利息。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.”(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生都献给了他的研究和工作，以及造福人类。他所有的钱都是靠自己的努力赚来的，但他让世界分享他的财富。他的发明和财富将永远与世人同在。)可知，他与全世界分享他的发明和财富，他是一个无私的人。故选C。
13．B 14．F 15．D 16．A 17．G
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过玛丽的故事说明幸福是分享爱和感激的结果，而不是来自物质财富。
13．下文She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.说她还把大量的业余时间用于许多慈善事业和社区项目，该空引起下文，B选项“她白天全职工作，周末卖手工制作的皮革礼物。”切题，故选B。
14．上文Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly.说一天，玛丽从她的医生那里得到了一个令人震惊的消息。她得了癌症，而且扩散得很快。该空承接上文，F选项“她几乎没有足够的资源用于她需要的医疗”切题，故选F。
15．上文Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated appreciation for Marie’s life.说许多关心过的人都表达了对玛丽生活的感激之情，下文However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served.说然而，她活了足够长的时间去感受那些她快乐地服务过的人的爱，该空承上启下，D选项“玛丽没能活到帐单全部付清的那一天”切题，故选D。
16．上文The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared.说当他们分享时，爱和感恩的精神相加，下文无私的奉献是玛丽一生所表现出的价值，她奉献的精神在她死后仍存在于那些认识她、爱她的人心中，该空承上启下，A选项“幸福是分享爱和感激的结果”切题，故选A。
17．下文Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have.说相反，这是一种来自于欣赏我们已经拥有的东西的态度，该空引出下文，G选项“幸福不会来自物质财富”切题，故选G。
18．C 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．C
【分析】试题分析：这是一篇记叙文。作者做了一个新年决定，回报那些需要动力和帮助的人。夜晚清洁工Daryl工作努力，凌晨还在工作，作者给了他100美元，告诉他因为他的努力他值得这些，这让Daryl很感动。最后作者呼吁大家效仿他，为那些努力工作，处于困境中的人做些事情。
18．考查名词词义辨析。A. performer演奏者；B. operator经营者；C. cleaner保洁员；D. inspector检查员。由下文的“cleaning the equipment that people didn’t clean ”可推断，Daryl是夜晚保洁员。故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。A. managed设法；B. volunteered自愿去做；C. tried尝试；D. decided决定。由上文“Tonight I could not fall asleep”可知，我不能入睡，因此我决定去做一些伸展运动。故选D，
20．考查动词词义辨析。A. washing洗；B. smoothing使平滑；C. mopping用拖把拖地；D. scratching擦。Daryl是清洁工，因此他努力擦地板并清理人们没有清理的设备。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。A. Warm加热；B. Mind介意；C. Require要求；D. Confirm证明。由下文“this was 3 a.m.”可推断，此处作者提醒读者，请注意，时间是凌晨3点。mind you“注意；留心”。故选B。
22．考查动词短语辨析。A. went up走向前；上升；B. turned around转过身；C. looked up查询；D. pulled over停下车。由下文“asked him a few questions”可推断，我走向Daryl，问了他几个问题。go up to sb.“走向某人”。故选A。
23．考查固定句型。A. developing发展；B. going去；C. functioning运转；D. running跑。how is everything going表示“一切进展如何；过得怎样”，是常用句型。故填B。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。A. sensitive敏感的；B. willing愿意的；C. satisfied满足的；D. dying濒临死亡的。由上文“He was very skeptical at first”可推断，起初他很怀疑，你可以辨别出他对于提供信息给陌生人是敏感的。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。A. dream梦；B. blessing祝福；C. ambition抱负；D. determination决定。由文章第一句“I have made a New Year’s determination to give back.”可推断，我告诉他我做了一个新年决定。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。A. unite联合；B. protect保护；C. support养活；D. expand扩张。由上文“work hard day and night”可推断，我要回报那些日日夜夜努力工作养活家人并以他们的工作为骄傲的人。故选C。
27．考查副词词义辨析。A. definitely肯定地；B. naturally自然地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. tentatively暂时地。由上文第二段可推断，Daryl肯定是一个辛苦工作养活全家并以工作为骄傲的人。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。A. possessed拥有；B. desired渴望；C. ignored忽视；D. deserved应得。由下文“He worked for it ”可推断，Daryl是一个努力工作的人，我给了Daryl100美元现金，告诉他他应该得到这些，不要只是把它看做捐赠。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。A. partly部分地；B. merely只是；仅仅；C. certainly当然；D. mostly主要地。我给了Daryl100美元现金，告诉他他应该得到这些，不要只是把它看做捐赠。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。A. matter事情；B. right权利；C. preference偏爱；D. goal目标。由上文“I have made a New Year’s determination to give back.”可知，回报人们是我的个人目标。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。A. overlooked忽视；B. separated分开；C. abandoned废弃；抛弃；D. cheated欺骗。根据语境可知，我要回报那些经常被忽视的人。故选A。
32．考查动词短语辨析。A. stood up站起来；B. barked out大声公布；C. opened up畅所欲言；打开；D. watched out地方。由上文“ He was very skeptical at first”可推断，起初Daryl是怀疑的，只是在那时，Daryl才畅所欲言，说以前没有人曾为他做过这些。故选C。
33．考查副词词义辨析。A. just刚刚；B. ever曾经；C. even甚至；D. never从不。根据语境可知，Daryl说以前从来没有人为他做过这些。故选B。
34．考查名词辨析。A. scream尖叫；B. cry哭；C. reflect反射；D. smile微笑。由上文可知，Daryl说以前从没有人给过他钱，并说他是努力的，因此推断他感动的哭了。故选B。
35．考查动词辨析。A. live活；居住；B. survive幸存；C. struggle努力；奋斗；D. exist存在。由上文“ no one had 16 done this for him before and that he was struggling”可知，Daryl说从来没有人为他做过这些，，因此推断他说像我这样的人不再存在了。故选D。
36．考查固定短语。A. follow跟随；B. press压；按；C. conduct引导；D. bring带来。
当时间和物力允许的时候，你只是效仿，为那些努力工作的出于困难中的人做些事情，无论大小。follow suit“效仿；照着做”。故选A。
37．考查 介词短语辨析。A. in demand需要的；B. in power当权的； C. in need处于困难中的；D. in sight看得见的。本句时是对文章的总结。当时间和物力允许的时候，你只是效仿，为那些努力工作的出于困难中的人做些事情，无论大小。故选C。
38．suggesting 39．its 40．Using
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了屠呦呦发现处理艾草的新方法的过程。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：她再次分析了医学文献，偶然间，她发现了其中一句话，建议用一种不同的方法处理艾草。分析句子可知，suggest(建议)作后置定语修饰名词sentence，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语sentence之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填suggesting。
39．考查代词。句意：她的结论是，煮沸艾草显然破坏了它的药用性能。根据句意，指“艾草的药用性能”，用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词properties。故填its。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：用较低的温度提取出汁液，她发现了一种有效的物质。分析句子可知，“(use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract”作方式状语，动词use(使用)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填Using。
41．conclusion##onclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过几次试验，科学家们得出了这个理论是可行的结论。根据句意和首字母可知，此次表示“结论”，应用名词conclusion作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填conclusion。
42．theory##heory
【详解】考查名词。句意：根据一个被广泛接受的理论，宇宙始于一次将物质抛向四面八方的“大爆炸”。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填入名词theory作宾语，意为“理论”，结合空格前不定冠词a可知，应用单数名词。故填theory。
43．conclusion##onclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：在得出最终结论之前，我们将进一步讨论。空格前final意为“最终的”，形容词词性，后接名词，作动词draw的宾语，根据句意可知，空格处应填conclusion，意为“结论”，名词词性，“draw a conclusion”意为“得出结论”，该短语是固定短语。故填conclusion。
44．encounter
【详解】考查名词。句意：前几天她在一家购物中心遇到一个名人。短语：have an encounter with sb.“与某人偶遇”，结合汉语提示，故填encounter。
45．analyzing##analysing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：屠呦呦花了大量时间分析疟疾患者，以找到一种有效的植物疗法。spend some time doing sth.是固定短语，因此空格处是动名词，作宾语，“分析”的动词是analyze/analyse，其动名词是analyzing/analysing，故填analyzing/analysing。
46．devices
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项新技术针对的是移动设备。device表示“仪器、设备”，是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填devices。
47．consequence##onsequence
【详解】考查名词。句意：全球变暖的一个结果是物种灭绝。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“结果”可知，空格处涉及单词“consequence”，意为“结果”，为可数名词，根据句中“One”可知，应用“consequence”的单数形式，在句中作主语。故填consequence。
48．property##roperty
【详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“财产”对应的名词property，作宾语。故填property。
49．insists on##insist upon
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：他坚持保持课堂纪律。“坚持”用固定短语insist on/upon，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词insist应用三单形式，故填insists on/upon。
50．As the saying goes
【详解】考查as引导非限制性定语从句。句意：常言道“熟能生巧”。表示“常言道”，英语用As the saying goes。as指代整个主句Practice makes perfect。又由于在句首，首字母要大写。故填As the saying goes。
51． wear and tear
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：这些地点遭受一些磨损是很自然的。根据汉语提示，空处应用名词短语wear and tear，表示“磨损”，作动词suffer的宾语。故填wear and tear。
52．The Amazon river, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚马逊河全长约6400公里，热带雨林也因此得名。两句中相同的部分是The Amazon river，故将其处理为先行词，在非限定性定语从句中作介词from的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。根据句意，故填The Amazon river, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
53．has been in power
【详解】考查时态。句意：政府已经执政两年了。“for two years”是“for +一段时间”，时态用现在完成时（has/have done），谓语动作应用延续性动作（be in power执政）， come to power（执政）是短暂性动词短语，主语The government是单数，谓语也用单数。故改写为：has been in power。
54．The recently-released movie is intended to arouse the public’s concern about the border soldiers, who risk/take the risk of their lives to defend national dignity at all costs.
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。be intended to旨在；arouse唤起，此处用其原形；concern about……的关注；border soldier边防军人；risk/take the risk of one’s life冒着生命危险；defend national dignity捍卫国家尊严；at all costs不惜一切。句中先行词为the border soldiers，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。根据句意，故翻译为The recently-released movie is intended to arouse the public’s concern about the border soldiers, who risk/take the risk of their lives to defend national dignity at all costs.
55．Self perfection is an abstract ideal, which is incapable of inspiring some students to fight against inertia.
【详解】考查形容词、固定短语和定语从句等。根据汉语句意可知，“无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性”可处理为一个定语从句；表示“完善自我”可用self perfection；表示“一个抽象的理想”可用an abstract ideal；表示“无法激励学生真正对抗惰性”可用be incapable of inspiring some students to fight against inertia；结合句意可知，此处是在陈述一般事实，直接用一般现在时即可，故翻译为Self perfection is an abstract ideal, which is incapable of inspiring some students to fight against inertia.
56．Nowadays diverse programmes are broadcast on TV, which enriches people’s life.
【详解】考查形容词、动词和定语从句。句子陈述现在的状况，应用一般现在时，“现在电视上播放各种各样的节目”作为主句，“丰富了人们的生活”表达为非限制性定语从句。主句：主语“各种各样的节目”表达为diverse programmes，谓语“播放”表达为broadcast，主谓之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；从句：用which指代上文句子，在从句中作主语，谓语“丰富”表达为enrich，宾语“人们的生活”表达为people’s life。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Nowadays diverse programmes are broadcast on TV, which enriches people’s life.
57．honor 58．glory 59．medal 60．championship 61．champion 62．determination 63．separate 64．injure 65．injured 66．injury
【分析】汉译英
57．考查名词。“荣誉；尊重；荣幸”的英文表达是honor。故答案为honor。
58．考查名词。“荣誉；光荣；赞美”的英文表达是glory。故答案为glory。
59．考查名词。“奖章；勋章”的英文表达是medal。故答案为medal。
60．考查名词。“锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号”的英文表达是championship。故答案为championship。
61．考查名词。“冠军；优胜者”的英文表达是champion。故答案为champion。
62．考查名词。“决心；决定”的英文表达是determination。故答案为determination。
63．考查动词。“分离；分开；成碎片”的英文表达是separate。故答案为separate。
64．考查动词。“使受伤；损害”的英文表达是injure。故答案为injure。
65．考查形容词。“受伤的；有伤的”的英文表达是injured。故答案为injured。
66．考查名词。“伤害；损伤”的英文表达是injury。故答案为injury。
67．to commit herself
【详解】考查动词短语。动词短语commit oneself意为“作出承诺，保证”符合句意，根据句意“她都不想作出承诺”可知want后应接动词不定式作宾语，want to do sth意为“想做某事，想要做某事”，主语为“She”，因此，设空处应填to commit herself。故填to commit herself。
68． which was not true
【详解】考查定语从句。“真的”使用形容词true，分析句子可知，空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，根据前面的said可知，此处用一般过去时，be动词用was，故填①which②was③not④true。
人教版英语选择性必修一第一章测试
英语
姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相).”
Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials.” He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona(0.93 million US dollars), and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million; €950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.
1．How much price money does Thouless get?
A．8 million Swedish krona.
B．6 million Swedish krona.
C．4 million Swedish krona.
D．2 million Swedish krona.
2．According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work_________
A．was far from ending
B．was based on many previous studies
C．had perfectly been completed
D．had surprised the whole world
3．The amount of prize money _________. .
A．has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B．has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C．remains 880,000 SEK each year after 2012
D．differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability
4．What does the last paragraph talk about?
A．The purpose of the award money.
B．How the award money is dealt with.
C．How the laureates are selected.
D．The number of laureates per prize.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives(炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He even set up the Peace Prize, hoping that there would be no war in the world.
He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund(基金). He wanted the interest(利润) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
5．Alfred Nobel did the following EXCEPT ______________
A．choosing the winners of Nobel Prize
B．making and selling weapons
C．setting up the Nobel Prize
D．making and selling explosives
6．Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because _____.
A．he hated war
B．he liked to be honored by people
C．he made enough money
D．he wanted to get more interest from the fund
7．Nobel Prizes come from _____.
A．all Nobel’s money in the fund
B．all Nobel’s money in his company
C．the interest from the fund
D．people’s donation
8．Nobel was a (an) _____ person in the world.
A．interesting B．unselfish
C．kind-hearted D．richest
9．Which statement of the following is Right according to the passage?
A．Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.
B．Most of Nobel’s money was used for the world wars.
C．Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D．Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set it up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器). Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Nobel Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
10．What was Alfred’s business?
A．Making explosives and selling weapons. B．Not making and selling weapons.
C．Making and selling explosives and weapons. D．Making weapons and selling explosives.
11．Where do the Nobel Prizes come from?
A．All the interest from the fund. B．All Nobel’s money in his company.
C．All Nobel’s money in the fund. D．Some of the interest in the fund.
12．Nobel was a ( an ) person in the world.
A．interesting B．kind-hearted C．unselfish D．richest
二、七选五
Most Valuable Possessions on Earth
Marie was a single mother of two children in a rural Missouri community. ____13____ She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.
Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly. ____14____
Soon , Marie witnessed what she had always known: although she was not financially wealthy, she already had the most valuable possessions on earth. Hundreds in her community and surrounding areas teamed up to help her and her family.
Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated appreciation for Marie’s life. ____15____ However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served.
The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared. ____16____ Giving selflessly was a value that Marie displayed all her life, and her spirit of giving lived after her in those who knew and loved her.
All her life, Marie had demonstrated（演示） the truth of this simple principle : ____17____ Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have. We can find the happiness we seek if we will first share it with others. Then —— and only then——we will have the most valuable possessions on earth: love, happiness, and increasing gratitude.
A．Happiness is the result of sharing love and gratitude.
B．She worked full-time during the day and sold handcrafted leather gifts on weekends.
C．She lived a rather poor and hard life with the two children.
D．Marie didn’t live to see the day when her bills were fully paid.
E．Love is second to none.
F．She had barely enough resources to put a cent in the medical treatments she would need.
G．Happiness will not come from worldly possessions of fortune.
三、完形填空
I have made a New Year’s determination to give back. Whether it is time or money, just to give back to people who need some motivation or help.
Daryl is a nightly ____18____ at my gym. I did not get a picture of him. Tonight I could not fall asleep, so I ____19____ to go stretching. Daryl worked hard at ____20____ the floors and cleaning the equipment that people didn’t clean after they used. ____21____ you, this was 3 a.m.
I ____22____ to Daryl and asked him a few questions: does he have a family, how is everything ____23____ and so on. He was very skeptical at first, and you could tell he was ____24____ to provide information for a stranger. I told him that I had made a New Year’s ____25____ to simply give back — give back to those who work hard day and night to ____26____ their family and take pride in their work. Daryl ____27____ did that. I gave Daryl $100 in cash. I told him he ____28____ this and not to treat it ____29____ as a donation. He worked for it and it was my personal ____30____ to reward folks that often got ____31____. Just at that very moment, Daryl ____32____ and said no one had ____33____ done this for him before and that he was struggling. Then he started to ____34____. He said he was old and people like me didn’t ____35____ anymore. I simply told him he deserved it.
When the time and resources come, just ____36____ suit and do something for someone who is working hard and is ____37____. Big or small.
18．A．performer B．operator C．cleaner D．inspector
19．A．managed B．volunteered C．tried D．decided
20．A．washing B．smoothing C．mopping D．scratching
21．A．Warm B．Mind C．Require D．Confirm
22．A．went up B．turned around C．looked up D．pulled over
23．A．developing B．going C．functioning D．running
24．A．sensitive B．willing C．satisfied D．dying
25．A．dream B．blessing C．ambition D．determination
26．A．unite B．protect C．support D．expand
27．A．definitely B．naturally C．fortunately D．tentatively
28．A．possessed B．desired C．ignored D．deserved
29．A．partly B．merely C．certainly D．mostly
30．A．matter B．right C．preference D．goal
31．A．overlooked B．separated C．abandoned D．cheated
32．A．stood up B．barked out C．opened up D．watched out
33．A．just B．ever C．even D．never
34．A．scream B．cry C．reflect D．smile
35．A．live B．survive C．struggle D．exist
36．A．follow B．press C．conduct D．bring
37．A．in demand B．in power C．in need D．in sight
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence ___38___ (suggest) a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed ___39___ medical properties. ___40___ (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
五、根据首字母填写单词
41．After several tests, the scientists drew a c ________that the theory was practical. (根据首字母单词拼写)
42．According to a widely accepted t______, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. (根据首字母单词拼写)
43．We will have a further discussion before we draw a final c___________(根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
44．The other day she had a(n) ____________(偶遇) with a celebrity in a shopping mall. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
45．Tu Youyou spends a great deal of time ________ (分析)malaria patients to find an effective botanical treatment. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
46．The new technique is targeted at mobile _________（仪器）. （根据汉语意思填空）
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
47．One c________ (结果) of global warming is extinction. (根据中英文提示填空)
48．As a matter of fact, happiness doesn’t lie in how much p________(财产) you own. （根据中英文提示填空）
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
49．He________(坚持) discipline in the classroom. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
50．___________________(常言道), “Practice makes perfect”. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
51．It is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of ________ ________ ________(磨损). （根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、句型转换
52．The Amazon river is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
The rainforest gets its name from the Amazon river. (用“介词+关系代词”合并)
53．The government came to power two years ago.(同义句转换)
→The government__________________________________for two years.
十、汉译英（整句）
54．这部最近上映的电影旨在唤起公众对于边防军人的关注，他们冒着生命危险，不惜一切代价捍卫国家尊严。 (concern) (汉译英)
55．完善自我是一个抽象的理想，无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性。(incapable) （汉译英）
56．现在电视上播放各种各样的节目，丰富了人们的生活。（diverse，broadcast）(汉译英)
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
57．__________n.荣誉；尊重；荣幸
58．__________n.荣誉；光荣；赞美
59．__________n.奖章；勋章
60．__________n.锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
61．__________n.冠军；优胜者
62．__________n.决心；决定
63．__________vt.分离；分开；成碎片
64．__________vt.使受伤；损害
65．__________adj.受伤的；有伤的
66．__________n.伤害；损伤
十二、完成句子
67．不管怎样，她都不想作出承诺。
She didn’t want ________ one way or the other.
68．他说以前从没见过她，那不是真的。
He said that he had never seen her before, _______ _______ _______ _______.
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D
【分析】瑞典皇家科学院宣布，2016年诺贝尔物理学奖由三位科学家共同分享。奖金的数量取决于诺贝尔基金会每年提供的数量。当年的奖金总额为800万瑞典克朗(约合0.93万美元)，并在这三位获奖者之间分配。
1．C 简单计算题。2016年诺贝尔物理学奖金被分为两部分，一半授予大卫。即大卫获得400万瑞典克朗。
2．A细节理解题。Haldane说，他对这一消息感到“非常惊讶”， 还特别指出，许多工作仍在进行中。由此可知，选A。
3．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，奖金的数量每年都有变化，它取决于诺贝尔基金会每年提供的数量。选D。
4．D 主旨大意题。如果某一奖项有两名获奖者，奖金将平分给获奖者。如果有三名的话，奖励委员会可以选择将钱平分，或者一半分给一名得主，另一半分给另两名得主。获奖者通常会捐出奖金，以造福于科学、文化或慈善事业。本段讲述了奖金的分配和处理。
5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D
【分析】试题分析：文章主要讲述了诺贝尔奖的设立者诺贝尔的事迹。诺贝尔是一个伟大的科学家和发明家，他拥有自己的公司，主要制售炸药和武器。诺贝尔厌恶战争，他期望世界和平。在诺贝尔去世以后，人们根据他的遗嘱设立了诺贝尔奖。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. ...He made and sold explosives ...His companies even made and sold weapons.”可知，Alfred Nobel设立了诺贝尔奖，他有自己的公司，生产、售卖炸药，甚至武器。诺贝尔奖是诺贝尔去世后根据他的遗嘱设立的，A项错误，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world.”可知，诺贝尔讨厌战争，他立下遗嘱，把积蓄用于设立诺贝尔奖，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段“most of his money was placed in a fund(基金). He wanted the interest(利润) from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”可知，诺贝尔的大部分积蓄都放在了一个基金里，所得的利息用于各项奖项，故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“He was one of the richest in Europe.”可知，诺贝尔是当时欧洲最富有的人之一，排除D；根据最后一段“Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. ...he left the world share his wealth”可知，诺贝尔把一生都献给了工作、研究和人类的福祉，他甚至让全世界的人都有机会分享他的财富，说明他是一个大公无私的人，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“He made and sold explosives(炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons.”可知，诺贝尔建立的公司制作和销售炸药与武器，排除A；根据第二段“ he hated war... most of his money was placed in a fund(基金)”可知，诺贝尔讨厌战争，他不可能把钱用在战争上。诺贝尔立下遗嘱把积蓄用于奖励对人类有贡献的人，排除B；根据第二段“Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.”可知，每个人都有可能因自己所从事的工作而荣获诺贝尔奖，排除C；故选D。
10．C 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了诺贝尔奖的创办人Alfred Nobel是一位著名的发明家和工业家，其一生努力工作，也是欧洲最富有的人之一，他无私的把自己攒下的积蓄和世界分享的故事。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器).”（他的生意可能会让你大吃一惊。他制造并销售炸药。他的公司甚至制造和销售武器。）可知，生意是制作炸药和武器。故答案选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”(根据他的遗嘱，他的大部分钱都存入了一个基金。他希望每年都把基金的利息用作奖金。)可知，诺贝尔的奖金来自于基金的利息。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.”(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生都献给了他的研究和工作，以及造福人类。他所有的钱都是靠自己的努力赚来的，但他让世界分享他的财富。他的发明和财富将永远与世人同在。)可知，他与全世界分享他的发明和财富，他是一个无私的人。故选C。
13．B 14．F 15．D 16．A 17．G
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过玛丽的故事说明幸福是分享爱和感激的结果，而不是来自物质财富。
13．下文She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.说她还把大量的业余时间用于许多慈善事业和社区项目，该空引起下文，B选项“她白天全职工作，周末卖手工制作的皮革礼物。”切题，故选B。
14．上文Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly.说一天，玛丽从她的医生那里得到了一个令人震惊的消息。她得了癌症，而且扩散得很快。该空承接上文，F选项“她几乎没有足够的资源用于她需要的医疗”切题，故选F。
15．上文Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated appreciation for Marie’s life.说许多关心过的人都表达了对玛丽生活的感激之情，下文However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served.说然而，她活了足够长的时间去感受那些她快乐地服务过的人的爱，该空承上启下，D选项“玛丽没能活到帐单全部付清的那一天”切题，故选D。
16．上文The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared.说当他们分享时，爱和感恩的精神相加，下文无私的奉献是玛丽一生所表现出的价值，她奉献的精神在她死后仍存在于那些认识她、爱她的人心中，该空承上启下，A选项“幸福是分享爱和感激的结果”切题，故选A。
17．下文Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have.说相反，这是一种来自于欣赏我们已经拥有的东西的态度，该空引出下文，G选项“幸福不会来自物质财富”切题，故选G。
18．C 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．C
【分析】试题分析：这是一篇记叙文。作者做了一个新年决定，回报那些需要动力和帮助的人。夜晚清洁工Daryl工作努力，凌晨还在工作，作者给了他100美元，告诉他因为他的努力他值得这些，这让Daryl很感动。最后作者呼吁大家效仿他，为那些努力工作，处于困境中的人做些事情。
18．考查名词词义辨析。A. performer演奏者；B. operator经营者；C. cleaner保洁员；D. inspector检查员。由下文的“cleaning the equipment that people didn’t clean ”可推断，Daryl是夜晚保洁员。故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。A. managed设法；B. volunteered自愿去做；C. tried尝试；D. decided决定。由上文“Tonight I could not fall asleep”可知，我不能入睡，因此我决定去做一些伸展运动。故选D，
20．考查动词词义辨析。A. washing洗；B. smoothing使平滑；C. mopping用拖把拖地；D. scratching擦。Daryl是清洁工，因此他努力擦地板并清理人们没有清理的设备。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。A. Warm加热；B. Mind介意；C. Require要求；D. Confirm证明。由下文“this was 3 a.m.”可推断，此处作者提醒读者，请注意，时间是凌晨3点。mind you“注意；留心”。故选B。
22．考查动词短语辨析。A. went up走向前；上升；B. turned around转过身；C. looked up查询；D. pulled over停下车。由下文“asked him a few questions”可推断，我走向Daryl，问了他几个问题。go up to sb.“走向某人”。故选A。
23．考查固定句型。A. developing发展；B. going去；C. functioning运转；D. running跑。how is everything going表示“一切进展如何；过得怎样”，是常用句型。故填B。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。A. sensitive敏感的；B. willing愿意的；C. satisfied满足的；D. dying濒临死亡的。由上文“He was very skeptical at first”可推断，起初他很怀疑，你可以辨别出他对于提供信息给陌生人是敏感的。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。A. dream梦；B. blessing祝福；C. ambition抱负；D. determination决定。由文章第一句“I have made a New Year’s determination to give back.”可推断，我告诉他我做了一个新年决定。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。A. unite联合；B. protect保护；C. support养活；D. expand扩张。由上文“work hard day and night”可推断，我要回报那些日日夜夜努力工作养活家人并以他们的工作为骄傲的人。故选C。
27．考查副词词义辨析。A. definitely肯定地；B. naturally自然地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. tentatively暂时地。由上文第二段可推断，Daryl肯定是一个辛苦工作养活全家并以工作为骄傲的人。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。A. possessed拥有；B. desired渴望；C. ignored忽视；D. deserved应得。由下文“He worked for it ”可推断，Daryl是一个努力工作的人，我给了Daryl100美元现金，告诉他他应该得到这些，不要只是把它看做捐赠。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。A. partly部分地；B. merely只是；仅仅；C. certainly当然；D. mostly主要地。我给了Daryl100美元现金，告诉他他应该得到这些，不要只是把它看做捐赠。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。A. matter事情；B. right权利；C. preference偏爱；D. goal目标。由上文“I have made a New Year’s determination to give back.”可知，回报人们是我的个人目标。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。A. overlooked忽视；B. separated分开；C. abandoned废弃；抛弃；D. cheated欺骗。根据语境可知，我要回报那些经常被忽视的人。故选A。
32．考查动词短语辨析。A. stood up站起来；B. barked out大声公布；C. opened up畅所欲言；打开；D. watched out地方。由上文“ He was very skeptical at first”可推断，起初Daryl是怀疑的，只是在那时，Daryl才畅所欲言，说以前没有人曾为他做过这些。故选C。
33．考查副词词义辨析。A. just刚刚；B. ever曾经；C. even甚至；D. never从不。根据语境可知，Daryl说以前从来没有人为他做过这些。故选B。
34．考查名词辨析。A. scream尖叫；B. cry哭；C. reflect反射；D. smile微笑。由上文可知，Daryl说以前从没有人给过他钱，并说他是努力的，因此推断他感动的哭了。故选B。
35．考查动词辨析。A. live活；居住；B. survive幸存；C. struggle努力；奋斗；D. exist存在。由上文“ no one had 16 done this for him before and that he was struggling”可知，Daryl说从来没有人为他做过这些，，因此推断他说像我这样的人不再存在了。故选D。
36．考查固定短语。A. follow跟随；B. press压；按；C. conduct引导；D. bring带来。
当时间和物力允许的时候，你只是效仿，为那些努力工作的出于困难中的人做些事情，无论大小。follow suit“效仿；照着做”。故选A。
37．考查 介词短语辨析。A. in demand需要的；B. in power当权的； C. in need处于困难中的；D. in sight看得见的。本句时是对文章的总结。当时间和物力允许的时候，你只是效仿，为那些努力工作的出于困难中的人做些事情，无论大小。故选C。
38．suggesting 39．its 40．Using
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了屠呦呦发现处理艾草的新方法的过程。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：她再次分析了医学文献，偶然间，她发现了其中一句话，建议用一种不同的方法处理艾草。分析句子可知，suggest(建议)作后置定语修饰名词sentence，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语sentence之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填suggesting。
39．考查代词。句意：她的结论是，煮沸艾草显然破坏了它的药用性能。根据句意，指“艾草的药用性能”，用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词properties。故填its。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：用较低的温度提取出汁液，她发现了一种有效的物质。分析句子可知，“(use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract”作方式状语，动词use(使用)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填Using。
41．conclusion##onclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过几次试验，科学家们得出了这个理论是可行的结论。根据句意和首字母可知，此次表示“结论”，应用名词conclusion作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填conclusion。
42．theory##heory
【详解】考查名词。句意：根据一个被广泛接受的理论，宇宙始于一次将物质抛向四面八方的“大爆炸”。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应填入名词theory作宾语，意为“理论”，结合空格前不定冠词a可知，应用单数名词。故填theory。
43．conclusion##onclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：在得出最终结论之前，我们将进一步讨论。空格前final意为“最终的”，形容词词性，后接名词，作动词draw的宾语，根据句意可知，空格处应填conclusion，意为“结论”，名词词性，“draw a conclusion”意为“得出结论”，该短语是固定短语。故填conclusion。
44．encounter
【详解】考查名词。句意：前几天她在一家购物中心遇到一个名人。短语：have an encounter with sb.“与某人偶遇”，结合汉语提示，故填encounter。
45．analyzing##analysing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：屠呦呦花了大量时间分析疟疾患者，以找到一种有效的植物疗法。spend some time doing sth.是固定短语，因此空格处是动名词，作宾语，“分析”的动词是analyze/analyse，其动名词是analyzing/analysing，故填analyzing/analysing。
46．devices
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项新技术针对的是移动设备。device表示“仪器、设备”，是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填devices。
47．consequence##onsequence
【详解】考查名词。句意：全球变暖的一个结果是物种灭绝。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“结果”可知，空格处涉及单词“consequence”，意为“结果”，为可数名词，根据句中“One”可知，应用“consequence”的单数形式，在句中作主语。故填consequence。
48．property##roperty
【详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“财产”对应的名词property，作宾语。故填property。
49．insists on##insist upon
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：他坚持保持课堂纪律。“坚持”用固定短语insist on/upon，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词insist应用三单形式，故填insists on/upon。
50．As the saying goes
【详解】考查as引导非限制性定语从句。句意：常言道“熟能生巧”。表示“常言道”，英语用As the saying goes。as指代整个主句Practice makes perfect。又由于在句首，首字母要大写。故填As the saying goes。
51． wear and tear
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：这些地点遭受一些磨损是很自然的。根据汉语提示，空处应用名词短语wear and tear，表示“磨损”，作动词suffer的宾语。故填wear and tear。
52．The Amazon river, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚马逊河全长约6400公里，热带雨林也因此得名。两句中相同的部分是The Amazon river，故将其处理为先行词，在非限定性定语从句中作介词from的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。根据句意，故填The Amazon river, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
53．has been in power
【详解】考查时态。句意：政府已经执政两年了。“for two years”是“for +一段时间”，时态用现在完成时（has/have done），谓语动作应用延续性动作（be in power执政）， come to power（执政）是短暂性动词短语，主语The government是单数，谓语也用单数。故改写为：has been in power。
54．The recently-released movie is intended to arouse the public’s concern about the border soldiers, who risk/take the risk of their lives to defend national dignity at all costs.
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。be intended to旨在；arouse唤起，此处用其原形；concern about……的关注；border soldier边防军人；risk/take the risk of one’s life冒着生命危险；defend national dignity捍卫国家尊严；at all costs不惜一切。句中先行词为the border soldiers，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。根据句意，故翻译为The recently-released movie is intended to arouse the public’s concern about the border soldiers, who risk/take the risk of their lives to defend national dignity at all costs.
55．Self perfection is an abstract ideal, which is incapable of inspiring some students to fight against inertia.
【详解】考查形容词、固定短语和定语从句等。根据汉语句意可知，“无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性”可处理为一个定语从句；表示“完善自我”可用self perfection；表示“一个抽象的理想”可用an abstract ideal；表示“无法激励学生真正对抗惰性”可用be incapable of inspiring some students to fight against inertia；结合句意可知，此处是在陈述一般事实，直接用一般现在时即可，故翻译为Self perfection is an abstract ideal, which is incapable of inspiring some students to fight against inertia.
56．Nowadays diverse programmes are broadcast on TV, which enriches people’s life.
【详解】考查形容词、动词和定语从句。句子陈述现在的状况，应用一般现在时，“现在电视上播放各种各样的节目”作为主句，“丰富了人们的生活”表达为非限制性定语从句。主句：主语“各种各样的节目”表达为diverse programmes，谓语“播放”表达为broadcast，主谓之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；从句：用which指代上文句子，在从句中作主语，谓语“丰富”表达为enrich，宾语“人们的生活”表达为people’s life。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Nowadays diverse programmes are broadcast on TV, which enriches people’s life.
57．honor 58．glory 59．medal 60．championship 61．champion 62．determination 63．separate 64．injure 65．injured 66．injury
【分析】汉译英
57．考查名词。“荣誉；尊重；荣幸”的英文表达是honor。故答案为honor。
58．考查名词。“荣誉；光荣；赞美”的英文表达是glory。故答案为glory。
59．考查名词。“奖章；勋章”的英文表达是medal。故答案为medal。
60．考查名词。“锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号”的英文表达是championship。故答案为championship。
61．考查名词。“冠军；优胜者”的英文表达是champion。故答案为champion。
62．考查名词。“决心；决定”的英文表达是determination。故答案为determination。
63．考查动词。“分离；分开；成碎片”的英文表达是separate。故答案为separate。
64．考查动词。“使受伤；损害”的英文表达是injure。故答案为injure。
65．考查形容词。“受伤的；有伤的”的英文表达是injured。故答案为injured。
66．考查名词。“伤害；损伤”的英文表达是injury。故答案为injury。
67．to commit herself
【详解】考查动词短语。动词短语commit oneself意为“作出承诺，保证”符合句意，根据句意“她都不想作出承诺”可知want后应接动词不定式作宾语，want to do sth意为“想做某事，想要做某事”，主语为“She”，因此，设空处应填to commit herself。故填to commit herself。
68． which was not true
【详解】考查定语从句。“真的”使用形容词true，分析句子可知，空处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，根据前面的said可知，此处用一般过去时，be动词用was，故填①which②was③not④true。
相关试卷
人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试课堂检测： 这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试课堂检测，共14页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分5分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品达标测试： 这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品达标测试，共11页。
英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品复习练习题： 这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品复习练习题，共11页。
