高中Unit 5 The Value of Money学案及答案

这是一份高中Unit 5 The Value of Money学案及答案，共8页。学案主要包含了情态动词，过去将来时等内容，欢迎下载使用。

情态动词和过去将来时
一、情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。初中阶段大家已经学习了一些情态动词，这里将对情态动词的特征、功能和用法进行总结。
[观察例句]
1．Oliver believes that with a millin­pund bank nte a man culd live a mnth in Lndn.
2．Yung man，wuld yu step inside a mment，please?
3．May we ask what yu're ding in this cuntry and what yur plans are?
4．I can't say that I have any plans.
5．Anyway，I didn't dare t try again.
6．Yu mustn't wrry abut that.
7．If yu'll excuse me，I ught t be n my way.
[归纳用法]
1．情态动词的基本特征
(1)在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有culd，wuld，had t，might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must，ught t等的过去式皆与现在式同形。
(2)在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力”“可能”“许可”等。
(3)在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，需后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。
2．情态动词的否定式及缩略形式
3.情态动词的主要表意功能
4.情态动词难点透视
英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。下面结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。
(1)can/culd/be able t
①can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：
Accidents can happen；anybdy can make mistakes.
如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may，culd或might等。
We may spend ur summer hlidays in Hangzhu this year.
Will yu answer the telephne？It culd/may/might be yur mther.
②culd用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用culd，因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：
—Culd I use yur telephne?
—Yes，please g ahead.
③在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was/were able t而不能用culd。如：
It was a hliday and the children were able t g t the seaside.
The girl wrked hard s she was able t pass the final test.
[即学即练1] 选词填空can，culd，be able t
①My grandma is well ver eighty，but she can read withut glasses.
②Being a wise persn，he finally was able t find the place.
③The cheater said that he culd turn the stne int gld.
(2)must/have t
must与have t都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别：
①must只有现在时，而have t有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：
We must wrk hard，r we'll fail in the examinatin.Years ag，the pr girl had t leave schl fr lack f mney.
②must表示主观看法，have t则侧重于客观需要。如：
We must be strict with urselves in everything.
In cities with many cars，sme peple have t wear masks.
③“must＋动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must＋be＋v.­ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：
The mathematics teacher must be in the ffice nw，isn't he?
④“must＋have＋过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didn't；否则，疑问部分用haven't或hasn't。如：
The children must have watered the tmates yesterday，didn't they?
The minister must have arrived in Shanghai，hasn't he?
[名师点津] 回答must引出的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或dn't have t。
—Must we hand in ur exercise bks nw?
—Yes，yu must.(N，yu needn't./N，yu dn't have t.)
——我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？
——是的，必须。(不，不必。)
[即学即练2] 用适当的情态动词填空
①My sister is ill；my mther has t lk after her.
②There's a lt f nise frm next dr. They must be having a party.
③—Must I return all the bks in three days?
—Yes, yu must．(N, yu needn't/dn't have t．)
④If yu must g, at least wait until the strm is ver.
(3)shall/will
①shall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：
Shall she g t the cncert with us this evening？(征求意见)
Yu shall g t the frnt at nce.(命令)
Dn't wrry.Yu shall get the answer this very afternn.(允诺)
He shall be srry ne day.I tell yu.(警告)
Nthing shall stp us frm fighting against pllutin.(决心)
②在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will。如：
If it will rain tmrrw，we shall nt g t the muntain village.(误)
If it rains tmrrw，we shall nt g t the muntain village.(正)
当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句中。如：
If yu will listen t me，I'll give yu sme advice n hw t learn English.
If yu will cme this way，the manager will meet yu.
[即学即练3] 写出下列句子中shall表示的含义
①Yu shall fail if yu dn't wrk harder.警告
②Yu shall get an answer frm me tmrrw.允诺
③Yu shall be punished fr what yu've dne.威胁
④Shall I watch TV fr a while？征求意见
(4)shuld/ught t
①shuld除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测。如：
The American friends shuld be here nw.
“shuld/ught t＋have＋过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表示惊讶、责备、赞叹等情绪。如：
Yu shuld have tld her abut it the day befre yesterday.
It's wnderful that yu shuld have achieved s much in these years.
②ught t与shuld意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是shuld谈的是自己的主观看法，ught t则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：
We shuld/ught t help each ther and learn frm each ther in ur wrk.
She is yur mther，s yu ught t supprt her.
We ught t g and see Mary tmrrw，but I dn't think we will.
[即学即练4] 用适当的情态动词填空
①Such a clever by shuld fail the exam.
②We shuld bey the schl rules and wrk hard.
③It's already 10.She prmised t cme by 10. She shuld be here at any mment.
(5)dare/need
①dare作为情态动词，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，一般不用于肯定句。
a．Hw dare yu say I'm unfair?
b．He daren't speak English befre such a crwd，dare he?
c．If he dare break the rule，he will be punished.
②need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词用时，仅用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，意为“有……必要”。在肯定句中一般用must，have t，ught t或shuld代替。
a．Yu needn't cme s early.
b．—Need I finish the wrk tday?
—Yes，yu must./N，yu needn't.
c．If yu need g there，please let me knw.
③dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带t的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare后可接带t或不带t的不定式。
a．I dare t swim acrss the river.
b．He desn't dare(t)answer.
c．We need time and mney.
d．The dining rm needs/wants/requires cleaning every day.
＝The dining rm needs/wants/requires t be cleaned every day.
e．Des he need t take the medicine three times a day?
[即学即练5] 用dare/need填空
①Hw dare yu fight against him?
②N ne dare say he had nthing n.
③—Must I stay here?
—N, yu needn't．
④Yu need nt be tld twice abut ne single thing.
(6)需要注意的几点：
①表示猜测，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈”。这时can可以表示客观的可能性，并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生；要表示某事发生的可能性时需要用culd，may，might。
Children can ften get ill suddenly.
Certain things in the hme can be dangerus，especially if yu have yung children.
上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话，属“经验之谈”。
②may和might表可能性的推测时都不用于疑问句中。如：
Can/Culd it be cludy tmrrw？(正)
May/Might it be cludy tmrrw？(误)
③must表肯定推测时的否定式是can't/culdn't，不是needn't或mustn't。
④shuld/ught t＋动词原形：想必现在/将来会……The dinner shuld/ught t be ready nw.
He shuld/ught t ring up this afternn.
⑤will＋动词原形：将来一定/准会……
Try yur best，and yur wish will cme true.
二、过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day，sn等。
[观察例句]
1．I was abut t get the letter.
2．They said the letter inside wuld explain what it was all abut.
3．The directr said he wuld meet the famus actr the next day.
4．They were ging t find smene t take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking n the street utside.
[归纳用法]
1．过去将来时的基本构成和用法
过去将来时由“wuld＋动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。
Jeff knew he wuld be tired the next day.
He prmised that he wuld nt pen the letter until 2 'clck.
She said that she wuldn't d that again.
2．表示过去将来时的其他表达法
(1)was/were ging t＋动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。
I thught it was ging t rain.
(2)was/were t＋动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。
She said she was t get married next mnth.
(3)was/were abut t＋动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
I was abut t g t bed when the phne rang.
(4)was/were＋现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词有cme，g，leave，arrive，begin，start，stp，clse，pen，die，jin，brrw，buy等瞬间动词。
Jack said he was leaving tmrrw.
[即学即练6] 完成句子
1．莉莉说晚上将有一场音乐会。
Lily said there wuld be a cncert that evening.
2．她确信她会成功。
She was sure she wuld succeed．
3．我想知道我们什么时候出发。
I wanted t knw when we were ging t set ff．
4．他说运动会就要开始了。
He said the sprt meet was abut t begin．
5．他说他今晚要走。
He said he was leaving tnight.
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．—Can't yu stay a little lnger?
—It's getting late.I really must g nw.My daughter is at hme alne.
2．He culdn't sleep，when he gt n such a hunt fr an idea until he had caught it.
3．Yu mustn't park here！It's an emergency exit.
4．Yu needn't give me a lift.I want t walk hme fr exercise.
5．Will she be ten years ld next mnth?
6．The plice still haven't fund the lst child，but they're ding all they can．
7．—Why are yur eyes s red？Yu can't have slept well last night.
—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a reprt.
8．Accrding t the newly­made traffic regulatin，whever drives thrugh red lights shall be fined at least 200 dllars.
9．Gerge can't have gne t far.His cffee is still warm.
10．Afraid f water，I wnder if I dare jump int the pl and swim.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I'm srry t learn that yu've failed in the examinatin.Yu said yu culd 1.have passed(pass) it but yu were t nervus.
But things 2.may nt be like that.If yu had made enugh 3.preparatins(preparatin)，yu wuldn't 4.have been t nervus.I think the real reasn fr yur failure 5.must be that yu didn't d yur best.
When an pprtunity cmes，we 6.shuld/ught t grasp it 7.tightly(tight)．But if we nly wait fr the gd pprtunity 8.t cme(cme)，it will never cme.
As a saying 9.ges(g)，practice makes perfect.If yu 10.will take mre effrts n yur study，yu are sure t make it next time.情态动词
否定式
缩略形式
情态动词
否定式
缩略形式
can
cannt/
can nt
can't
shall
shall nt
shan't
culd
culd nt
culdn't
shuld
shuld nt
shuldn't
may
may nt
/
will
will nt
wn't
might
might
nt
mightn't
wuld
wuld nt
wuldn't
must
must nt
mustn't
need
need nt
needn't
dare
dare nt
daren't
ught t
ught
nt t
ughtn't t
用法
例句
表示能力
The little by can read and write.
I culd feel the grund shaking.
表示可能和推测
Thse f yu wh are familiar with the game will knw this.
They made a bet which wuld settle their argument.
Oh，yu must be Sylvia's husband.
It may seem lucky t yu but nt t me.
That might nt be true.
There ught t be enugh space fr all f us.
表示不可能
It can't be Mary，she is in New Yrk nw.
表示许可或禁止
Yu can g ff duty nw.
Yu can't pen it until tw 'clck.
Yu may nt smke here.
Yu shuldn't take her help fr granted.
Yu mustn't d that.
表示发出指示或提出请求
Will yu please take her t the library?
Culd yu ffer me wrk here?
Can I ask a questin?
May we ask what yu're ding in this cuntry？
表示提出帮助或发出邀请
Will yu stay fr lunch?
Wuldn't yu like t cme with me?
May I help yu?
Shall I put it in a bx？
表示提出建议
Yu culd ask the teacher fr help.
Yu shuld write him a letter.
The ckies Susan made are delicius，yu ught t try sme.
表示愿望
Wuld yu recmmend the play t ther peple?
I wuld like t knw the date.
I'd lve t g t yur birthday party.
I'd rather nt pay yu nw.
表示义务和需要
Yu must cme at nce.
We have t wear unifrms at schl.
I ught t be n my way.