牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usage导学案及答案

省略

为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。

[观察例句]

①(You)Come in，please!

②(Are you)OK?

③(You come)This way，please.

④John is a lawyer，and his wife (is)a cleaner.

⑤The boy wanted to play football in the street，but his mother did not allow him to(play football in the street).

⑥His advice made me happy，but (his advice made)Jim angry.

⑦You'd better look out when (you are)crossing the street.

⑧He is the man (who/whom/that)you can depend on.

⑨He said (that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.

[归纳用法]

一、简单句中的省略

1．省略主语：主要是祈使句中的you (如例①)。

2．省略主语和谓语的一部分(如例②)；主语和谓语都很明确时，可将二者同时省略(如例③)。

3．省略宾语：当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。

—Do you know Miss Gao?

—I don't know (Miss Gao).

[即学即练1]　补全下列省略句

①Have a seat，please!

You have a seat，please!

②Looks like rain.

It looks like rain.

③Understand?

Do you understand?

二、并列句中的省略

在由and或but等连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。

1．省略重复的动词(如例④)

2．省略重复的短语(如例⑤)

3．省略重复的主语与谓语动词(如例⑥)

[即学即练2]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分

①Some of us study Japanese，and others study English.others后的study

②Let's do the dishes.I wash the dishes and you dry the dishes.wash和dry后的the dishes

③He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't have a knowledge of first aid.doesn't 后的 have a knowledge of first aid

三、复合句中的省略

1．状语从句中的省略

(1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略(如例⑦)。

(2)当状语从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。

They don't use more water than (it is)necessary.

他们不会用太多水。

(3)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句中的相同时，从句中谓语常被省略。

He runs as fast as Bob (runs).

他跑的和Bob一样快。

 [即学即练3]

(1)把下列句子改为省略句

①If it is so，I hope you will have a wonderful time.

→If so，I hope you will have a wonderful time.

②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.

→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as in Guangzhou．

(2)用省略形式完成句子

①When surfing the Internet(在网上浏览时)，I downloaded the film.

②He shook his head as if to say no/refuse(好像要拒绝)．

2．定语从句中的省略

(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词who/whom/that 可省略(如例⑧)。

(2)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词which/that 可省略。

The exact year (which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.

Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2018年。

(3)在限制性定语从句中，作状语用的关系代词which/that 可省略。

The way (that/in which)he speaks to us is really annoying.

他跟我们说话的方式真烦人。

[名师点津]　当whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。

[即学即练4]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分

①Among the many dangers which sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.which

②Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.that

3．宾语从句中的省略

(1)由that 引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略(如例⑨)。

(2)由when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。

I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).

我知道一个电影明星要来我们的城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。

[即学即练5]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分

①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.that

②She didn't go to school yesterday.I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday.why后面的she didn't go to school yesterday

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．As scheduled(schedule)，we took part in several instructive activities.

2．Video games can be a poor influence if left(leave)in the wrong hands.

3．It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.

4．When walking(walk)，she found a nice shining thing on the ground.

5．Children，when accompanied(accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.

6．If possible，you should try it again.

7．I will keep silent even if asked(ask)about this matter.

8．When in America，he made many friends with the local people.

9．Why not go(go)to the teacher's office and ask for some advice?

10．I hear Tom is ill.If so ，let's go to see him.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

Dealing with homeless families 1.is(be)one part of my job.It was from a single mother 2.that the very first call I had was.She was weeping.Not until I promised to help her 3.did she stop weeping.After being told that she had got into a terrible car accident，I learned that accident made her lose her job.Because of this，she fell behind with her rent 4.and she was being forced to leave her apartment.She had to pay for the rent.5.If not，nowhere could she and her two children go.

Having explained the situation，she stopped，saying，“I'm so sorry！Thank you for letting me tell my story.I've tried every shelter and charity in the area but no one 6.does listen or care.”

7．What an unfortunate thing！At that time there being no openings for family housing，I took her number down and told her I'd call her right back.Later，hardly 8.had  I found an opening for a family in a shelter in her area when I called her back.She was shocked when 9.answering (answer)my call.She said，“Never 10.did I really expect you to call me back.” I gave her the good news and she started weeping again.But this time they were tears of happiness and hope.