人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 5 The Value of Money优秀精练

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When a person first from his heart began to struggle, he is a man of value.当一个人先从自己的内心开始奋斗，他就是个有价值的人。
Using Language & Other Parts
目标导航


重点词汇
1．organic adj.　
2．pesticide n.
3．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)
4．fertiliser/fertilizer n.
5．mineral n.
6．grocery n.
7．widespread adj.
8．digest vt.& vi.
9．essential adj.
10．alternative n.
11．root n.
12．prohibit vt.
13. prohibition n.
14．instance n.
词汇拓展
1．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→ adj.深的→ v．加深
2．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→ adj.全部的
重点词组
1．In turn　
2．At the expense of
3．take...into account
4．Desperate for
5．Focus on
6．Without (a) doubt
7．For instance
8．Start up
9．In every aspect
重点句型
1．过去分词短语作后置定语
They often change the kind of crop every few years.
他们每隔几年就会把每块地里种植的作物变换一下。
2．现在分词短语作状语，表示一种自然而然的结果
Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground， .
轮换种植的原因就是这些作物会把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤中，为种植下一批庄稼作好准备。
3．that引导的同位语从句
What keeps them from doing so is the fact .
阻止他们这样做的是这样一个事实，即化学耕作满足了全世界对粮食的高需求。


知识精讲

知识点01 原文呈现
CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING
Chemical pesticides① and artificial② fertilisers have been in widespread③ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production【1】．Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their long－term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
【1】此处为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a great way。
For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria④ and insects，but also helpful ones.In addition，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources⑤ for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn⑥，the animals and humans who digest⑦ them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for⑧ chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition【2】．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential⑨ minerals⑩，and they often have less flavour as well.
【2】画线部分为简单句。grown with them为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰crops；句子包含“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
As an alternative⑪，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery⑫.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.For example，many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air，soil，water，and crops free of chemicals.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance⑬，they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops 【3】．Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths⑭ of soil to help keep it rich.For example，peanuts grow on the ground’s surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots⑮.The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.
【3】本句为主从复合句。其中Why different crops are grown为Why引导的主语从句；because they...ground为because引导的表语从句；making it...crops为现在分词短语作结果状语。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man－made chemicals in agriculture entirely⑯.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves⑰ the high demand for food around the world 【4】．Organic farming is nowhere near⑱ able to meet that need.Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible【5】．
【4】此处为that引导的同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。
【5】本句为复合句。其中to find...possible为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a long way；that puts...possible为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution。在该定语从句中，while keeping...possible属于“连词＋现在分词”结构。
课文译文
化学农业与有机农业
自20世纪中叶以来，化学杀虫剂和化肥在农业生产中得到广泛使用。它们最初被引入时，作为防治作物病虫害、增加产量的良方，深受农民欢迎。然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人类健康。
例如，杀虫剂不仅会杀死有害细菌和害虫，也会消灭有益的细菌和昆虫，从而损害土地。此外，这些化学物质能长期滞留在土壤和地下水源当中。这影响生长在土地上的农作物，转而又影响消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心，这些化学物质可能导致他们生病，乃至于引发癌症。实际上，在大多数国家，诸如DDT之类的某些杀虫剂已被禁止(使用)，因为它们对人类和环境造成了损害。至于化学肥料，施加了这些化学肥料的农作物通常会因生长得太快而缺少营养。它们的外观或许好看，但内部的水分往往比必需的矿物质要多，味道一般也较差。
一些农民转向(选择)有机农业作为替代方案，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也会选择有机食品。有机农业，就是不使用任何化学物质的农业。采用有机种植的农民致力于通过自然手段来保持土壤肥沃，免受病虫侵害。例如，许多采用有机种植的农民将天然的动物粪便用作肥料。这使得田间土壤含有更多的矿物质，还能让空气、土壤、水以及农作物都免受化学物质的侵蚀。
采用有机种植的农民还使用许多其他方法来提高土壤肥力。他们通常会每年改变一次田间种植的农作物种类。例如，他们也许一年在田间种植玉米或小麦，下一年就种植豆类。之所以要种植不同种类的作物，是因为它们能将重要的矿物质放回地下，让土地为下一批农作物(的生长)做好准备。采用有机种植的农民也会利用不同深度的土壤耕种不同的作物，以帮助保持土壤的肥沃。例如，花生在土地表面生长，而许多其他蔬菜则扎根深处。采取不同的有机耕种方式，目的在于种植优质的食品，同时又避免对环境或人类健康造成损害。
有些人宁愿在农业中完全停止使用人造化学物质。阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全球对于食品的高度需求。有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求。因此，要找到合适的解决方案，还有很长的路要走。这里所说的方案，既要让餐桌上有足够的食物，同时又得尽可能地保证人类和环境的健康。
知识点2 stand vi.& vt.达到水平 vt.忍受，容忍 vt.经受；经得起 vi.立；位于(某处)
(world hunger) stands at around 11% of the world’s population
(世界饥饿人口)约占世界人口的11%
①His former workforce of 1，300 now at 220.
他以前有1 300名职工，现在只有220人。
②I can’t stand when you do that.
你那么做，我受不了。
③I can’t stand people (smoke) around me when I’m eating.
我受不了吃饭时有人在我旁边抽烟。
④His poetry will the test of time.
他的诗将经得起时间的考验。
⑤The train station to be completed next year far away from the city.
明年将要竣工的那个火车站离城市很远。
[链接写作]　写出下列句子中stand的含义/单句语法填空
⑥As you can see，between the two main roads stands the teaching building.
⑦I can’t stand him interrupting (插嘴) all the time in the meeting.
⑧A classic is a piece of literary work that has stood the test of time.
⑨The building stands nearly a hundred feet high.
⑩He can’t stand (drive) in the rush hour.
他受不了在交通高峰时期开车。
知识点3 essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavor as well.
它们外表看起来可能很漂亮，但里面通常含水比必需矿物质多，而且它们的味道也往往较淡。
be essential to/for　对……很重要
It is essential that...(should) do... “做……是完全必要的”
It is essential for sb to do... “对某人来说做……是完全必要的”
①History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.It is an
part of who we are today and who we will become.
历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部分。
②Sun and water the growth of crops.
阳光和水是作物生长不可或缺的。
③These words and grammar everybody to learn English.
这些词和语法对于每一个学英语的人来说都是必备的。
[名师提醒]　It is essential that...(should) do sth＝It is essential (for sb) to do sth(对某人来说)做某事是必要的/极其重要的
④It is essential that you (get) a visa before you travel to the USA.
到美国旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。
⑤ high－new technology enterprises competitive power.
增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说非常重要。
[链接写作]　翻译句子
⑥对我们而言，打赢这场抗击新冠病毒肺炎(COVID －19)的战斗极其重要。
.
⑦和睦的家庭是孩子个人成长所必需的。
.
知识点4 alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种选择，一些农民已转向有机农业，并且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向有机食品。
(1)have no alternative but (to do)
除(做)……外别无选择
(2)(同义词)choice n. 选择，选择权
make a choice 做选择
have no choice but to do 别无选择只好做
①We had no alternative but (fire) Gibson.
我们别无他法，只能辞退吉布森。
②Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer expensive taxis and crowded public transport.
相对于昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通工具，有着12座的小型公共汽车提供了另一种选择。
③I went on an trip and had my life totally transformed by that experience.
我进行了一次非传统的旅行，那次经历完全改变了我的生活。
[链接写作]　补全句子
④As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring new ways of making use of
(替代能源)，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.
⑤If you don’t like the school lunch，you bringing your own.
要是你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以自己带饭。
⑥Finding himself under fire from all quarters，he abandon his scheme.
在这四面楚歌的情况下，他除了放弃他的计划没有别的选择。
⑦Vilnius Airport in Lithuania has unveiled its festive tree—made entirely of items confiscated from passengers.
立陶宛的维尔纽斯机场的另类节日树亮相——都是用从乘客那里没收的物品做成的。
知识点5 depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
从事有机种植的农民也种植多种多样的农作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。
at/to a depth of...　在/到……深度
in depth 深入地；详细地
be out of one’s depth 在水深没顶的地方；不能理解
the depths of winter 隆冬
the depths of one’s heart 某人的内心深处
deep adj. 深的
deepen v. (使)变强烈；加强
①I haven’t looked at the report yet.
我还没有细看这份报告。
②He has studied Scottish history .
他已经深入地研究了苏格兰历史。
③Water was found at a depth of 30 feet.
在30英尺深的地方找到了水。
[名师提醒]　
(1)deep adj.深的；厚的；深沉的；低沉的 adv.深深地
(2)deeply adv.非常；深刻地；强烈地
(3)deepen v．(使情感、感觉等)加强，变强烈；(使)变深
deep和deeply均可以用作副词，deep表示具体的“深”，而deeply表示抽象含义。
④The gold lies in the earth.
黄金埋藏于地下深处。
⑤He went on studying into the night.
他一直学习到深夜。
⑥My mindless words must have hurt him ．
我那些愚蠢的话一定深深地伤害了他。
[链接写作]　补全句子
⑦ ，many things I did with my father still live.
在我记忆深处，我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。
⑧This subject will be covered next term.
这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。
⑨On June 27，2012，the Jiaolong reached 7062 meters in the Pacific Ocean.
2012年6月27日，“蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7 062米的深度。
知识点6 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.
这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响了食用它们的动物和人类。
in return　作为回报
by turns 轮流
take turns to do sth(＝do sth by turns) 轮流做某事
wait one’s turn to do sth 等候轮到某人做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
①The young parents had to look after their sick baby.
这对年轻父母不得不轮流照顾他们生病的孩子。
②I think it’s our turn (drive) the kids to school this week.
我想这周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。
③The girls called out their names .
这些女孩们依次说出了自己的名字。
④Theory is based on practice and serves practice.
理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。
[链接写作]　补全句子
⑤Reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction，which
can lower stress levels.
阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动，转而降低压力水平。
⑥We offer an excellent education to our students. ，we expect students to work hard.
我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。
⑦He treated us to a big meal our assistance.
他请我们吃了一顿大餐，以报答我们的帮助。
知识点7 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.
许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。
sb＋make＋sb/sth＋宾补
本句式中可作宾补的有：形容词、名词、动词原形、过去分词。make sb/sth do sth在被动语态中要补充不定式符号to，用sb/sth be made to do sth结构。make oneself heard/understood/known表示“让人听到/理解/知道自己”。
①I four hours before I was examined by a doctor.我被迫等了四个小时才有医生给我检查。
②I had to shout to make myself (hear) above the music.
我得大声喊才能让我的声音盖过音乐让人听到。
[链接写作]　补全句子
③She ．
她让他做她的秘书。
④My teacher thinks I am excellent and that I can do well in my study，which ．
我的老师认为我很优秀，能在学习上做得很好，这使我更自信了。
⑤What he said ．
他的话让我们都大笑起来。
知识点8 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全球对于食品的高度需求。
that引导的同位语从句
(1)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。
(2)在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，也无具体意义，只起连接作用，但是一般不省略，亦不可用which替换。
①Many parents hold teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.
很多父母都持有这样的观点：青少年不应该花太多时间上网。
② the human being’s behaviour causes environmental pollution is known to us all.
人类的行为导致了环境污染是众所周知的事实。
[名师提醒]　如果同位语从句意义不完整，引导词的选择取决于其所表达的含义：
(1)表示“是否”的含义时，同位语从句要用whether引导(if一般不引导同位语从句)；whether在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
(2)表示“谁”“哪个”“什么”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用who，which，what引导。
(3)表示“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“如何”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用when，where，why，how引导。
③I have no idea he will come.
我不知道他是否会来。
④The committee hasn’t solved the problem should be in charge of the key project.
委员会还没有解决谁应该负责那项重点项目的问题。
[链接写作]　补全句子
⑤I have no idea ．
我不知道她现在正在隔壁房间里做什么。
⑥There arose the question ．
这样就产生了一个问题：我们到哪里贷款。
⑦All in all，I hold the firm belief ．
总之，我坚信我们一定会做好工作的。
分层提分


题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1． (化学的) factories do great harm to the air.
2．The elderly and children are having a hard time in the (最深处) of winter.
3．Plants in desert usually have long (根)．
4．The government has taken measures to help people get rid of (贫穷)．
5．The population of the (城市的) area is larger than that of the rural area.
6．Computers are now in (广泛的) use all over the world.
7． (有机的) food，which is green and healthy，is on sale at the local grocery.
8．The Chinese and the Westerners have (完全地) different views of life.
9．Foreigners tend to be impressed with the spicy (味道) of Sichuan dishes.
10．Technological change is everywhere and affects every (方面) of life.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Water was found at a (deep) of 30 meters.
2．She devoted herself (entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
3．I wish I could do something in return the kindness I have received from him.
4．Your camp provides a good chance for me，where I can know more about other countries，and
turn tell them something about China.
5．There is only one earth on which we can live，so we cannot afford (waste) any land resources.
6． (essential)，he is not a man of career.
7．Chewing plays an important role in one’s (digest)．
8．Food produced from chemical farming is not (nutrition)．
9．Modern means of (fertilise)can be energy－saving and environmentally friendly.
10．Nowadays physical therapy (理疗) has gradually been used as an (alter)to medicine.
Ⅲ.选词填空
nowhere near，(be)free of，for instance，in turn，be rooted in，turn to，(be) rich in
1．Many natural means have been used in organic farming. ，animal wastes are used to keep the soil fertile.
2．He’s as influential as he used to be.
3．He prefers to eat snacks sugar.
4．I like the orange，which is juicy and vitamins.
5．The advancement of technology can boost education. ，the development of education can contribute to technological progress.
6．Being gentle the British people’s mind.
7．People should psychological counseling if necessary.
Ⅳ.补全句子
1． is his mastery of several languages.
使他脱颖而出的是他精通几门语言。
2．He owes a lot to the teacher he has made great progress in study.
他非常感谢那位老师，在老师的帮助下他学习上取得了巨大的进步。
3． organic food is because it is tasty and nutritious.
消费者更喜欢有机食品的原因是有机食品既美味又有营养。
4．Diverse crops are grown in the same field ．
同一块地上种不同的作物是为了保持土壤肥沃。
5．The book is written in simple words and full of the rhythm， for children to remember.
这本书用简单的语言写成并充满韵律，使其对儿童来说容易记住。
6．Conventionally，women are expected to take care of the children ．
传统上，人们希望女性照顾孩子同时做家务。

题组B 能力提升练
课文语法填空
Given the fact that chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers can fight crop disease and increase production，they 1.____________ (be)in widespread use since the 1950s.However，with time going by，they have been proved 2.____________ (harm)to the environment and human health if 3.____________ (use) for a long time.To tackle the problems，farmers have switched to organic farming 4.____________ an alternative.And organic food has become 5.____________ favorite for many customers.Organic farmers rely on it that natural means could keep their soil fertile and free of disease.Different organic methods have come up，6.____________ goal is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to the human health.7.____________，organic farming cannot replace chemical farming with a huge number of people 8.____________ (feed) worldwide.There is still a long way to go 9.____________ scientists find a suitable 10.____________ (solve) that can satisfy the high demand for food while protecting the environment.
七选五
Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits.Sure，it is nice to have the additional help with chores (家庭杂务)，but it also fosters so much growth，sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become.It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming.__1__
Through caring for farm animals，kids learn that in life others often come before self.__2__It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired.What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.
__3__If the work on a farm does not get done，the operation fails.It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day，and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude.They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive.__4__Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.
Additionally，farming teaches patience.__5__Cattle will be difficult to control.Horses will run away when you try to catch them.Goats will kick over that bucket of hard－earned milk.A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money.In spite of all these，kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.
There may not be any instant reward，but in the long term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days.
A．At the same time，they learn to work with others.
B．Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.
C．Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose.
D．Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use.
E．There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way.
F．However，what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives.
G．Animals need to be fed，watered，and cared for before we get to sit down and relax.

题组C 培优拔尖练
完形填空
A little boy almost considered himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because a terrible illness made his leg lame (瘸的)．He __1__ played with his classmates；when the teacher asked him to answer questions，he always __2__ his head without a word.
One spring，the boy’s father got some saplings (树苗) and told his __3__ to plant one each person.The father also __4__ to buy a favourite gift for whoever grew best.The boy also wanted to get his father’s __5__．But seeing his brothers and sisters carry water actively，he lost __6__．So after watering it once or twice，he never __7__ it.
A few days later，when the little boy went to see his tree again，he was __8__ to find that it appeared greener and stronger than his sisters’ and brothers’．His father __9__ his promise，and said that he would surely become an outstanding botanist (植物学家) when he __10__ up.
From then on，the little boy slowly became __11__．One night，he suddenly recalled what the __12__ teacher once said: Plants generally grow at night.Then he came to the courtyard and unexpectedly found his father __13__ under his tree with a big spoon.Suddenly，he understood his father had been secretly watering his small tree!
Decades passed.The little boy didn’t become a botanist，but he was elected President of the United States.His name was Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
__14__ is the best nutrition (营养) of life；even if it is just one spoonful of clear __15__，it can make the tree of life lively.
1．A.always B．seldom C．frequently D．sometimes
2．A.lowered B．raised C．kept D．nodded
3．A.daughters B．sons C．children D．neighbours
4．A.demanded B．promised C．agreed D．wished
5．A.gift B．praise C．tool D．help
6．A.touch B．sight C．heart D．face
7．A.looked after B．looked for C．looked around D．looked into
8．A.disappointed B．excited C．worried D．surprised
9．A.changed B．made C．kept D．broke
10．A.grew B．woke C．gave D．stayed
11．A.hopeless B optimistic C．guilty D．generous
12．A.history B．physics C．chemistry D．biology
13．A.working B．resting C．sleeping D．singing
14．A.Help B．love C．Work D．Promise
15．A.sand B．soup C．soil D．water