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牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Grammar and usage学案
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这是一份牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Grammar and usage学案，共4页。
[观察例句]
写出下列句中动词ed形式的作用
①We shuld drink biled water. 前置定语
②A water and sil cnservatin prject set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crps with trees r grass.后置定语
③Seen frm the mn，the earth，with water cvering abut 70% f its surface，appears t be a blue ball.时间状语
④Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did nt dare t sleep alne in her rm.原因状语
⑤Given anther chance，he will d it better.条件状语
⑥ The by sat at the table buried in his hmewrk.伴随状语
⑦We need t get the machine repaired at nce as we want t use it in ur experiment tmrrw.宾语补足语
⑧ With all the wrk dne，we went t play basketball. 宾语补足语
[归纳用法]
一、作定语
及物动词的ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的ed形式仅仅表示完成。
1．前置定语：单个的动词的ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
He is a respected teacher in ur schl.
在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。
2．后置定语：动词的ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。
This is a letter written in blue ink.
这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
[名师点津]
(1)如果被修饰词是由sme/any/n＋thing/bdy/ne构成的不定代词或指示代词thse等时，即使是单个的动词的ed形式作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。
There is almst nthing changed since I left the twn tw years ag.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单个的动词的ed形式置于被修饰的名词之后。
They decided t change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的材料。
(3)动词的ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。
The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained)will be f great value t us.
获得的经验将对我们很有价值。
The suggestin sent t the cmmittee(＝which/that had been sent t the cmmittee)was adpted.
呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Because f pllutin，the caught(catch)fish were nt fit t eat.
②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students.
③The bk, written(write)by Lu Xun，is ppular with many Chinese peple.
④D yu remember the prblems discussed(discuss)at the last meeting?
二、作状语
动词ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。
1．作时间状语。
When ffered help，ne ften says“Thank yu”r“It's kind f yu”．
当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。
2．作原因状语。
Praised in class，Anne felt happy.
在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。
3．作条件状语。
If taken accrding t the directins，the drug has n side effects.
如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
4．作伴随状语。
The teacher came int the lab，fllwed by sme students.
老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
[名师点津] 动词ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Raised(raise)in the prest area f Glasgw，he had a lng，hard rad t becme a ftball star.
②Apprached(apprach)in this way，yur friendship will sn be repaired.
③The lady returned hme, fllwed(fllw)by Hlmes.
三、作宾语补足语
作宾补的多是及物动词的ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1．以下两类动词后可接动词的ed形式作宾补：
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，bserve，find，hear，feel，ntice，think等。
①I heard the sng sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
②He fund his purse lst.
他发现他的钱包丢了。
(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。
③I'll have my hair cut tmrrw.
明天我要理发。
④He gt his tth pulled ut yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
2．动词的ed形式作宾补表示的意义。
(1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lst表示的动作显然先于谓语动词fund。
(2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull ut his tth是动宾关系。
[名师点津] 1.使役动词have接动词的ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况：
(1)动词的ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。
He had his mney stlen.
他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)
(2)动词的ed形式表示句子主语的经历。
He had his leg brken.
他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历)
2．在with/withut复合结构中也可用动词的ed形式作宾补。
With this sum added，we will have enugh mney fr the trip.
如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。
[即学即练3] 完成句子
①村民们那时种了很多树。
The villagers had many trees planted then.
②无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完
Hwever tired I am，I must get the wrk finished．
③她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。
She still culdn't make herself understd in English.
④她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
She saw the thief caught by plicemen.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man std utside the huse silently, mved(mve)t tears.
2．Caught(catch)in a heavy rain，the new manager missed the imprtant meeting.
3．Attracted(attract)by a particular article in a magazine，she bught it.
4．The speaker asked them t find the ballns that had their name written(write)n within five minutes.
5．He felt his cllar pulled (pull)by smene frm behind.
6．Funded(fund)n lve and mutual respect，their marriage is a happy ne.
7．It is a large city surrunded(surrund)by muntains and the climate is nice.
8．Influenced(influence)mainly by Jy，mst f Riley's memries are happy nes.
9．These interests were increased with mre time spent(spend)in the deserts f Arizna.
10．Prevented(prevent)frm playing her rle in Riley's emtinal develpment，Sadness feels annyed.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Tny：If my pet dies，I wn't clne it.Even if the 1.clned (clne)pet lks the same as the riginal ne，it wn't behave in the same way.Besides，it wn't remember me.I think clning 2.dne(d)by scientists is dangerus.The prblems 3.created(create)by clning will sn becme clear.I think we shuld be cautius and use gd judgment when 4.making(make)decisins abut clning.We wn't want beasts 5.prduced(prduce)by scientists t replace us ne day.
Brian：I think clning pets is a great idea.I feel s 6.excited (excite).Families with pets ften becme 7.disappinted (disappint)when their pets die.With clning，if yur pet dies，yu can have a new ne that lks the same as the riginal pet.The technlgy 8.used (use)amazing.The nly thing 9.needed(need)is a cell frm yur ld pet.We will help yu clne yur pet！Thugh it csts sme mney，yu will be 10.delighted (delight)t be with her again.
[观察例句]
写出下列句中动词ed形式的作用
①We shuld drink biled water. 前置定语
②A water and sil cnservatin prject set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crps with trees r grass.后置定语
③Seen frm the mn，the earth，with water cvering abut 70% f its surface，appears t be a blue ball.时间状语
④Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did nt dare t sleep alne in her rm.原因状语
⑤Given anther chance，he will d it better.条件状语
⑥ The by sat at the table buried in his hmewrk.伴随状语
⑦We need t get the machine repaired at nce as we want t use it in ur experiment tmrrw.宾语补足语
⑧ With all the wrk dne，we went t play basketball. 宾语补足语
[归纳用法]
一、作定语
及物动词的ed形式通常表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的ed形式仅仅表示完成。
1．前置定语：单个的动词的ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
He is a respected teacher in ur schl.
在我们学校他是一位受尊敬的老师。
2．后置定语：动词的ed形式短语作定语通常要置于被修饰的名词之后。
This is a letter written in blue ink.
这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
[名师点津]
(1)如果被修饰词是由sme/any/n＋thing/bdy/ne构成的不定代词或指示代词thse等时，即使是单个的动词的ed形式作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。
There is almst nthing changed since I left the twn tw years ag.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单个的动词的ed形式置于被修饰的名词之后。
They decided t change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的材料。
(3)动词的ed形式及其短语作定语时，一般均可以转换为一个定语从句。
The experience gained(＝which/that has been gained)will be f great value t us.
获得的经验将对我们很有价值。
The suggestin sent t the cmmittee(＝which/that had been sent t the cmmittee)was adpted.
呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Because f pllutin，the caught(catch)fish were nt fit t eat.
②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students.
③The bk, written(write)by Lu Xun，is ppular with many Chinese peple.
④D yu remember the prblems discussed(discuss)at the last meeting?
二、作状语
动词ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等，有时可带有连词。
1．作时间状语。
When ffered help，ne ften says“Thank yu”r“It's kind f yu”．
当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真好”。
2．作原因状语。
Praised in class，Anne felt happy.
在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。
3．作条件状语。
If taken accrding t the directins，the drug has n side effects.
如果按照说明服用，这种药没有副作用。
4．作伴随状语。
The teacher came int the lab，fllwed by sme students.
老师进了实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
[名师点津] 动词ed形式作时间、原因和条件状语时均可以转换成相应的状语从句。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Raised(raise)in the prest area f Glasgw，he had a lng，hard rad t becme a ftball star.
②Apprached(apprach)in this way，yur friendship will sn be repaired.
③The lady returned hme, fllwed(fllw)by Hlmes.
三、作宾语补足语
作宾补的多是及物动词的ed形式，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1．以下两类动词后可接动词的ed形式作宾补：
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，bserve，find，hear，feel，ntice，think等。
①I heard the sng sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
②He fund his purse lst.
他发现他的钱包丢了。
(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。
③I'll have my hair cut tmrrw.
明天我要理发。
④He gt his tth pulled ut yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
2．动词的ed形式作宾补表示的意义。
(1)表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如例句②，lst表示的动作显然先于谓语动词fund。
(2)表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句③及④中cut my hair和pull ut his tth是动宾关系。
[名师点津] 1.使役动词have接动词的ed形式作宾补，还有两种情况：
(1)动词的ed形式所表示的动作由他人完成。
He had his mney stlen.
他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)
(2)动词的ed形式表示句子主语的经历。
He had his leg brken.
他的腿断了。(句子主语的经历)
2．在with/withut复合结构中也可用动词的ed形式作宾补。
With this sum added，we will have enugh mney fr the trip.
如果加上这笔金额，我们这次旅行的钱就够了。
[即学即练3] 完成句子
①村民们那时种了很多树。
The villagers had many trees planted then.
②无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完
Hwever tired I am，I must get the wrk finished．
③她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。
She still culdn't make herself understd in English.
④她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
She saw the thief caught by plicemen.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man std utside the huse silently, mved(mve)t tears.
2．Caught(catch)in a heavy rain，the new manager missed the imprtant meeting.
3．Attracted(attract)by a particular article in a magazine，she bught it.
4．The speaker asked them t find the ballns that had their name written(write)n within five minutes.
5．He felt his cllar pulled (pull)by smene frm behind.
6．Funded(fund)n lve and mutual respect，their marriage is a happy ne.
7．It is a large city surrunded(surrund)by muntains and the climate is nice.
8．Influenced(influence)mainly by Jy，mst f Riley's memries are happy nes.
9．These interests were increased with mre time spent(spend)in the deserts f Arizna.
10．Prevented(prevent)frm playing her rle in Riley's emtinal develpment，Sadness feels annyed.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Tny：If my pet dies，I wn't clne it.Even if the 1.clned (clne)pet lks the same as the riginal ne，it wn't behave in the same way.Besides，it wn't remember me.I think clning 2.dne(d)by scientists is dangerus.The prblems 3.created(create)by clning will sn becme clear.I think we shuld be cautius and use gd judgment when 4.making(make)decisins abut clning.We wn't want beasts 5.prduced(prduce)by scientists t replace us ne day.
Brian：I think clning pets is a great idea.I feel s 6.excited (excite).Families with pets ften becme 7.disappinted (disappint)when their pets die.With clning，if yur pet dies，yu can have a new ne that lks the same as the riginal pet.The technlgy 8.used (use)amazing.The nly thing 9.needed(need)is a cell frm yur ld pet.We will help yu clne yur pet！Thugh it csts sme mney，yu will be 10.delighted (delight)t be with her again.
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