人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration导学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration导学案，共4页。

不定式作定语和状语
不定式由“t＋动词原形”构成，有时t可以省略，其否定形式是“nt t d”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定语和状语的用法。
[观察例句]
1．Sme scientists were determined t help humans realise their dream t explre space.
2．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space.
3．First f all，yu must be intelligent enugh t get a related cllege degree.
分析上面的句子：句1和句2中黑体部分是动词不定式用作定语；句3中黑体部分是动词不定式用作状语。
[归纳用法]
一、动词不定式用作定语
1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him smething t eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
We have much hmewrk t d tnight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
2．名词前有first，last，next，nly等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。
He was the first ne t think f the idea.
他是第一个想到这个主意的人。
3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determinatin，decisin，plan，way或不定代词smething，nthing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire t d useful wrk.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4．当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
I usually have a lt f meetings t attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
She is a nice persn t wrk with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a persn t d the jb.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
We need smene t g and get a dctr.
我们需要有人去请医生。
6．当名词与定语有同位关系时。
We gt the rder t leave the city.
我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①The airprt t be cmpleted(cmplete)next year will help prmte turism in this area.
②D yu have anything t d(d)tnight?
③The best way t imprve(imprve)yur English is t jin an English club.
二、动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1．目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in rder或s as组成短语。
A grup f yung peple gt tgether t discuss this questin.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
In rder t help him，we wuld d everything we can.
为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。
[名师点津] 不定式作目的状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
I said that t encurage him.
我这么说是为了鼓励他。
(2)置于句首时只用t d/in rder t d。如用于表示否定，in rder或s as不能省略，用in rder nt t d或s as nt t d形式。
I walked quietly s as nt t disturb the baby.
我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。
(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为s that/in rder that或引导的目的状语从句。
He wrked very hard t pass the exam.
→He wrked s hard that he culd pass the exam.
→He wrked hard s that/in rder that he culd pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2．原因状语，多见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋t d...”结构句中。
I was very sad t hear the news.
听到这个消息我很难过。
3．结果状语，多见于；enugh t...；nly t d(表示意料之外的结果的发生)； t(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。
I'm t tired t d well.我太累了做不好。
He is ld enugh t g t schl.他到上学的年龄了。
He rushed back，nly t find the bk missing.
他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。
She is s prud as t lk dwn upn thers.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
4．独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
I'd like t stay healthy，but t be hnest，I nly eat fd that tastes gd.
我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。
[名师点津] 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiusly，she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n，nly t find it didn't fit.
她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。
(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。
His father passed away，leaving him a little mney.
他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①T wrk(wrk)ut the difficult maths prblem，I have cnsulted Prfessr Russell several times.
②T learn(learn)mre abut Chinese culture，Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse.
③He hurried t the statin nly t find(find) the train had left.
④We were astnished t find(find) the temple in its riginal cnditin.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Her friends were very surprised t hear(hear) that they had brken up.
2．T find(find) ut mre abut the cmputer curse，visit this website.
3. He is always the first t cme (cme) t schl.
4．T tell(tell) the truth, I am nt happy at the mment.
5．Henry was s careless as t make(make) sme spelling mistakes.
6．The animals befre the earthquake were t nervus t eat(eat)．
7．Lamb and mther reunited，I turned back t the tractr nly t see(see) it mve suddenly away frm me.
8．T help(help) us prepare fr the exam，the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
9．They did all they culd t save(save) the child.
10．I am glad t be wrking(wrk) with yu nw.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Recently in the US，mre students prefer 1.t leave(leave) the campus and study in a freign cuntry fr half 2.r ne year.
Sme peple may be 3.frightened(frighten)：cmmunicating in a freign language，leaving friends and adjusting t a new envirnment are very difficult fr students 4.t study(study) abrad.Hwever，the experience students have abrad is ften impssible t gain at their hme universities.
“Glbally，there is s much 5.t d(d)．I'm hping 6.t g(g) smewhere and experience smething I wuldn't get at hme，”a student wh intended 7.t study(study) abrad said.
It was said that the increase had smething t d with the universities' prmise that they encurage students t study verseas.The universities have been 8.really(real) gd abut saying that students need 9.t g(g) abrad.
Fr many American students，sme f the mst imprtant lessns abrad are thse 10.experienced(experience) utside the classrm.Students can have deep pinins.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students.