高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection一课一练

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection一课一练，共8页。试卷主要包含了A.creatin B，A.changeably B，A.cntrlled B，A.kicked B，A.respnse B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·河北省保定市高二期末)
What fisherman Mul Thun frm a remte island in the Mekng River, in nrthern Cambdia, didn't knw was that stingray he hked wuld eventually be named the largest recrded freshwater fish. Fr Zeb Hgan, wh's been dcumenting large freshwater fishes fr almst tw decades, the discvery f the stingray, which was released alive back int the river, filled him with hpe. “It prves these underwater big fish, which are in critical danger, still exist，”says Hgan.
Hgan's pursuit fr big fish, called the Megafishes Prject and supprted by Natinal Gegraphic Sciety , began in 2005 when fishermen in nrthern Thailand pulled a 646-pund cafish ut f the Mekng River. The species is knwn that it was the largest, that is, the heaviest-ever caught in the area.
Arriving at the island, the team fund Thun's fish, a female that appeared t be in gd health. It was mre than 13 feet frm nse t tail. The researchers were shcked t see her weight at 661 punds. She set a new wrld recrd. The riginal aim f the Megafishes Prject was t find, study, and prtect the wrld's largest freshwater fishes. The prject fcused n species that culd grw t at least the size f a human and that lived nly in freshwater.
Hgan initially drew up a list f rughly 30 species t fcus n.
The challenge, as Hgan sn learned, was that many f these fish are hard t find. They live in remte, inaccessible places, and ften in deep waters. Early n in the search, there were relatively few scientists studying them.
What was clear was that the river giants were shrinking in number, threatened by a hst f factrs including verfishing, water pllutin, and the presence f dams, which blck migrating fish frm cmpleting their life cycles. As Hgan's wrk prgressed, its fcus increasingly turned t cnservatin. “It was never abut just finding the biggest fish，” Hgan says, “but lking fr ways t prtect these extrardinary animals that, in sme cases, have been n Earth fr hundreds f millins f years but are nw drifting ut f entities.”
语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Zeb Hgan近20年来一直在记录大型淡水鱼，他成立了“巨型鱼项目”，并得到了国家地理学会的支持。
1．Why was Zeb Hgan full f hpe？ B
A．Freshwater fishes weren't in danger.
B．Sme large fishes didn't die ut
C．The stingray was put int the river.
D．Many large fishes existed in rivers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘It prves these underwater big fish, which are in critical danger, still exist，’says Hgan.(霍根说：“这证明了这些处于极度危险中的水下大鱼仍然存在。”)”可知，泽布·霍根充满希望是因为一些大鱼并没有灭绝。故选B。
2．What can we knw abut the 646-pund catfish? D
A．It was als caught by Mul Thun.
B．It's the largest recrded freshwater fish.
C．It was injured very seriusly.
D．It was caught in the Mekng River.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句 (霍根对大鱼的追求被称为“巨型鱼项目”，并得到了国家地理学会的支持。该项目始于2005年，当时泰国北部的渔民从湄公河打捞出一条646磅重的鲶鱼)”可知，这条646磅重的鲶鱼是在湄公河被捕获的。故选D。
3．Which f the fllwing is the riginal gal f the Megafishes Prject？ C
A．Finding abut 30 species f big fishes.
B．Studying fishes smaller than humans.
C．Prtecting big freshwater fishes.
D．Setting new recrd in finding fishes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The riginal aim f the Megafishes Prject was t find, study, and prtect the wrld's largest freshwater fishes.(巨型鱼类项目的最初目的是发现、研究和保护世界上最大的淡水鱼)”可知，保护大型淡水鱼是巨型鱼项目的最初目标。故选C。
4．What des the underlined part “drifting ut f entities” in the last paragraph mean? A
A．Dying ut. B．Getting ill.
C．Being prtected. D．Living well.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“but lking fr ways t prtect these extrardinary animals that, in sme cases, have been n Earth fr hundreds f millins f years but are nw”可知，but表示转折，说明在某些情况下，这些动物已经在地球上存在了数亿年，但现在正濒临灭绝。故画线词意思是“灭绝”。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·吉林省吉林市第一中学高二期末)
Climate change has increased average temperatures by 1℃ ver the past century, making heat waves mre frequent and intense than thse frm any ther pint in recrded histry. 1.A A study published in the jurnal Nature Climate Change fund glbal warming respnsible fr 37 percent f heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.
The fllwing is what happens if yu're the next t be killed.First, yur brain sends a series f messages t yur sweat glands telling them t increase sweat prductin.Then yur heart starts beating faster t pump bld t the skin while bld flw is directed away frm imprtant rgans(器官) like yur liver, kidneys and gut. 2.F
If heat strke ccurs, yur bdy might get ht and direct s much xygen-rich bld t the skin that it suffcates(把……闷死) vital internal rgans.If yur bdy fails t cl yu dwn, its internal temperature might start t climb frm a nrmal level t abut 104 degrees.
3.D Yu may feel it start as a dull headache.Befre lng, yu might lse cnsciusness.Yur brain might begin t swell.
While yu struggle t stay awake and avid dizzying cnfusin, the excessive internal heat is damaging yur gut, cnsequently causing an inflammatry(发炎的) respnse. 4.G
That's just part f what we knw abut hw extreme heat kills yu. 5.B A lt f what we knw cmes frm studies n animal mdels, like mice and rats, r frm examinatins f peple dying f heat strke.
A．As the heat rises quickly, s des the death number.
B．That's because we can't study it in humans in the labratry.
C．As temperatures tick ever higher, that figure may well rise.
D．At that temperature, yur brain becmes affected.
E．Surviving the rgan failure might require an emergency transplant.
F．Smetimes that alne is enugh t create prblems fr a weak r aging heart.
G．Left untreated, what fllws is a fld f rgan failure that leads t yur death.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了极端高温导致人类生病或死亡的原因。
解析：
1．根据空后的“A study published in the jurnal Nature Climate Change fund glbal warming respnsible fr 37 percent f heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.(发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的一项研究发现，1991年至2018年期间，37%的与热相关死亡是由全球变暖造成的。)”可知，前文应该强调的是热浪造成死亡即二者之间的关系。A选项(随着气温迅速上升死亡人数也随之上升。)符合语境，引起下文。故选A。
2．设空处前文从热浪对身体各个器官产生影响的机理入手，对热浪造成死亡的原因进行分析，由此后文应该阐述的该消极影响所产生的后果。F选项(有时，这本身就足以给虚弱或衰老的心脏带来问题。)中的that指代的是前文中“First, yur brain sends a series f messages t yur sweat glands telling them t increase sweat prductin.”及“Then yur heart starts beating faster t pump bld t the skin while bld flw is directed away frm imprtant rgans(器官) like yur liver, kidneys and gut.”的任何一种情况。故选F。
3．根据前文的“If yur bdy fails t cl yu dwn, its internal temperature might start t climb frm a nrmal level t abut 104 degrees.(如果你的身体不能给你降温，它的内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到104华氏度左右。)”可知，后文强调身体内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到104华氏度左右的结果。D选项(在那种温度下，你的大脑会受到影响。)中的that temperature与前文呼应。故选D。
4．根据前文“While yu struggle t stay awake and avid dizzying cnfusin, the excessive internal heat is damaging yur gut, cnsequently causing an inflammatry(发炎的) respnse.(当你努力保持清醒，避免眼花缭乱的混乱时，过多的内热正在损害你的肠道，从而导致炎症反应。)”可知，后文应该承接的是应该及时治疗由内热正在损害你的肠道，从而导致炎症，否则会造成死亡。G选项(如果不及时治疗，随之而来的是大量器官衰竭，最终导致死亡。)符合语境。故选G。
5．根据后文的“A lt f what we knw cmes frm studies n animal mdels, like mice and rats, r frm examinatins f peple dying f heat strke.(我们知道的很多信息都来自于对动物模型的研究，比如小鼠和大鼠，或者来自对中暑死亡者的检查。)”可知，关于极端高温造成人类死亡的原因我们仅仅知道其中一部分的原因，是因为我们所获得的很多信息都来自于对动物模型的研究，因为我们不能对人类机体本身进行研究。故B选项(这是因为我们无法在实验室中对人类进行研究。)承上启下。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023·浙江省浙南名校联盟高二期中)
Pltu ran straight t his study table.There, in an empty bttle, was the treasure, a clurful butterfly, nce keeping flying away frm his 1.C .But nw it was ging t be part f his bilgy prject in schl.
Pltu lved the different 2.A n the wings.He had made a few hles n the cap f the bttle t let air pass 3.D .He dressed hurriedly, 4.C schl and 5.B the bttle n the windwsill.That day's bilgy class was the mst interesting! Pltu's teacher was happy with his 6.A and asked everyne t thank him.
On the way back hme, the butterfly still fluttered its wings 7.D .Whatever small creature Pltu came acrss, he felt like putting int the bttle.But he 8.A himself as he wanted t give breathing space t his butterfly.
Waking up arund midnight suddenly, he lightly 9.C the bttle.The butterfly did nt mve.He shk the bttle sme mre, but still n 10.A .He pured a little water.The water seemed t help as the butterfly 11.D a little.Pltu heaved a sigh f 12.C .After a while Pltu quickly pened the bttle and gave it a 13.B shake.
T Pltu, the tiny nise f the fluttering wings was 14.D .He sat staring at the empty bttle, but he was happy that he had sent the butterfly back t where it 15.B —nature.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Pltu抓了一只彩色的蝴蝶并把它放进空瓶子里，并最终让它回归大自然的故事。
1．A.sense B．ability
C．grasp D．view
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，在一个空瓶子里，是宝藏，一个彩色的蝴蝶，一度从他紧握的手中飞走了。根据“ keeping flying away frm...”可知，蝴蝶在一度从Pltu紧握的手中飞走。A.sense感觉；B.ability能力；C.grasp紧握；D.view观点。故选C。
2．A.clurs B．spts
C．shapes D．lines
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pltu喜欢翅膀上不同的颜色。根据上文“a clurful butterfly”可知，这是一只彩色的蝴蝶，所以Pltu喜欢蝴蝶翅膀上不同的颜色。B.spts地点；C.shapes形状；D.lines线。故选A。
3．A.past B．acrss
C．ver D．thrugh
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：他在瓶盖上凿了几个洞，好让空气通过。pass thrugh穿过； 透过。根据“He had made a few hles n the cap f the bttle...”可知，Pltu在瓶盖上凿洞是为了让瓶子透气。故选D。
4．A.called n B．left ff
C．left fr D．drpped in
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他匆忙穿好衣服，去学校，把瓶子放在窗台上。根据“He dressed hurriedly...”可知，Pltu匆忙穿好衣服，出发去学校。A.called n号召；B.left ff中断；C.left fr出发去；D.drpped in顺便走访。故选C。
5．A.abandned B．placed
C．threw D．pulled
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他匆忙穿好衣服，去学校，把瓶子放在窗台上。根据“the bttle n the windwsill”可知，Pltu把装有蝴蝶的瓶子放在教室的窗台上。A.abandned抛弃；B.placed放置；C.threw 扔；D.pulled拉。故选B。
6．A.creatin B．cnditin
C．intentin D．expectatin
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pltu的老师对他的创作很满意，并请大家感谢他。根据上文“But nw it was ging t be part f his bilgy prject in schl.”和空后“and asked everyne t thank him”可知，老师对Pltu的创作很满意。A.creatin创作；B.cnditin 状况；C.intentin打算；D.expectatin期望。故选A。
7．A.changeably B．reasnably
C．weakly D．energetically
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，蝴蝶仍然精力充沛地拍打着翅膀。根据“ butterfly still fluttered its wings...”可知，蝴蝶精力充沛地拍打着翅膀。A.changeably易变地；B.reasnably合理地；C.weakly虚弱地；D.energetically精力充沛地。故选D。
8．A.cntrlled B．seized
C．managed D．hid
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他控制住了自己，因为他想给他的蝴蝶喘息的空间。根据“ he wanted t give breathing space t his butterfly”可知，Pltu学会了自我控制。A.cntrlled控制；B.seized抓取；C.managed管理；D.hid隐藏。故选A。
9．A.kicked B．embraced
C．patted D．beat
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：半夜左右，他突然醒来，轻轻地拍了拍瓶子。根据“He shk the bttle sme mre, but still n 10 .”可知，Pltu轻轻地拍了拍瓶子，看蝴蝶是否在动。A.kicked踢；B.embraced拥抱；C.patted轻怕；D.beat打。故选C。
10．A.respnse B．appearance
C．symptm D．signal
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他又摇了摇瓶子，但还是没有反应。根据“He shk the bttle sme mre”可知，瓶子中的没有反应。A.respnse反应；B.appearance外表；C.symptm症状；D.signal信号。故选A。
11．A.climbed B．jumped
C．turned D．trembled
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当蝴蝶微微颤抖时，水似乎帮了大忙。根据“The water seemed t help”可知，Pltu倒入一点水，蝴蝶开始微微颤抖。C.turned转身；D.trembled颤抖。故选D。
12．A.regret B．shck
C．relief D．depressin
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Plu松了一口气。heave a sigh f relief“松一口气，如释重负”。根据“The water seemed t help as the butterfly 11 a little.”可知，Pltu看到蝴蝶动了，松了一口气。A.regret遗憾；B.shck震惊；C.relief欣慰；D.depressin沮丧。故选C。
13．A.vilent B．gentle
C．sudden D．natural
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，Pltu迅速打开瓶子，轻轻地摇了摇。根据“After a while Pltu quickly pened the bttle...”可知，Pltu轻轻地摇了摇瓶子。A.vilent猛烈的；B.gentle轻轻的；C.sudden突然的；D.natural自然的。故选B。
14．A.terrible B．unbelievable
C．cnfusing D．musical
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Pltu来说，扇动翅膀发出的微小声音是悦耳的。根据“Pltu heaved a sigh f 12 .”可知，Pltu知道蝴蝶还活着，所以蝴蝶扇动翅膀发出的微小声音是悦耳的。A.terrible可怕的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.cnfusing使人困惑的；D.musical音乐的，悦耳的。故选D。
15．A.disappeared B．belnged
C．survived D．died
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他坐在那里盯着空瓶子，但他很高兴他把蝴蝶送回了属于它的地方——大自然。根据“nature”可知，Pltu把蝴蝶送回了属于它的大自然。A.disappeared消失；B.belnged 属于；C.survived幸存。故选B。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
大熊猫是中国的国宝。请根据下列提示写一篇英语短文，介绍大熊猫。
1．大熊猫是中国的稀有动物，也是世界稀有动物之一；
2．大熊猫生长在山里，以竹笋为食；由于山林遭到破坏，竹子被砍伐，觅食越来越困难，濒临灭绝；
3．我国已经建立数个自然保护区，但需要更多的资金；
4．希望大家伸出援助之手来保护它们。
注意：词数80左右。
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参考范文：
The giant panda is a rare animal in China, and als ne f the rare animals in the wrld.
The giant panda lives in the muntains, which feeds n bamb shts.With frests being destryed and bambs cut dwn，it's difficult fr giant pandas t find fd fr themselves.T prtect pandas，China has set up sme nature reserves, but mre mney is needed t carry ut this imprtant rescue prject.
We hpe that peple will lend a helping hand t save the giant pandas.