高中英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection导学案及答案

UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Ⅰ.匹配词义

a．匹配下列单词词义

(　　)1.emission　  A．vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服

(　　)2.fuel B．vt.对……处以罚款

(　　)3.worldwide   C．vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造

 n．改革；变革；改良

(　　)4.broadcast D．n.公司；企业；事业

(　　)5.policy   E．vt.恢复；使复原；修复

(　　)6.reform   F．n.燃料；刺激性言行

(　　)7.submit   G．n.政策；方针；原则

(　　)8.enterprise   H．vt.&vi.播送；广播；传播

 n．广播节目；电视节目

(　　)9.restore   I．n.排放物；散发物；排放

(　　)10.fine   J．adv.遍及全球地

 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的

[答案]　1—5　IFJHG　6—10　CADEB

b．匹配下列短语词义

(　　)1.result in　 A．许多；很多

(　　)2.take action B．对……产生影响

(　　)3.carry out   C．指的是

(　　)4.dozens of D．被困在；陷入困境；陷入

(　　)5.have an impact on E．采取措施

(　　)6.refer to   F．导致

(　　)7.be trapped in   G．执行；实施

(　　)8.on behalf of   H．代表(代替)某人

[答案]　1—5　FEGAB　6—8　CDH

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．melt vi.&vt.　 (使)融化；熔化；软化

2．implement vt.   使生效；贯彻；执行

3．moderate adj.    适度的；中等的；温和的

         vi.&vt.    缓和；使适中

4．annual adj.   每年的；一年的

n.   年刊；年鉴

5．volume n.   量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷

6．campaign n.    运动；战役

vi.&vt.    参加运动；领导运动

7．sensitive adj.    敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的

8．nuclear adj.    原子能的；核能的；原子核的

9．garbage n.   垃圾；废物

10．ecology n.   生态；生态学

Ⅰ.选词填空

restore；trend；sensitive；release；melt；submit；campaign；worldwide；undergo；policy

1．The snow had melted，but the lake was still frozen solid.

2．Humour is wonderful for releasing tension.

3．His books have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide．

4．There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement.

5．The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.

6．Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers.

7．They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.

8．She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.

9．She may not have the money to maintain or restore her house.

10．Today police launched a campaign to reduce road accidents.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．Over three hundred people have died of starvation(starve) since the beginning of the year.

2．Making the house habitable(habit) was a major undertaking.

3．This is why the focus now is on sustainable(sustain) development.

4．The Rough Guide to Nepal is a comprehensive(comprehension) guide to the region.

5．I frequently(frequent) use sunflowers as symbols of strength.

6．The government has agreed to lift restrictions(restrict) on press freedom.

7．It is a harmonious(harmony) community where pupils are happy and industrious.

8．Yet much of their success reflects good management and good regulations(regular)．

9．All products have to pass strict inspection(inspect) before they go out.

10．His toleration(tolerate) of her behaviour amazed me.

1．According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.

据发现其尸体的科学家称，北极熊仅存的只是“皮包骨头”。

2．Experts claimed that low sea­ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.

专家称，由于气候变化导致的海洋冰川位置低意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。

3．Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect.

气候学家经常提到一个关键的过程，叫作“温室效应”，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。

4．Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as methane and carbon dioxide，trap some of the heat，keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable.

大气层中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕获了一些热量，保持了地球气候的温暖和宜居。

5．There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.

有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。

名师圈点

①decade n．十年

②graph n．图；图表；曲线图

③atmosphere n．大气层；氛围

④melt vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化

melting ice正在融化的冰

⑤evidence n．证据；根据

⑥dramatic adj.巨大的；令人震惊的；戏剧性的

⑦Svalbard斯瓦尔巴群岛(又译斯瓦尔巴特、斯匹次卑尔根群岛)意为冷岸海岸。位于北极地区的群岛，是挪威最北界国土范围的属地，它坐落在欧洲大陆北方，于挪威大陆与北极点两者之间。

⑧skin and bone皮包骨头

⑨starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死

starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死

⑩claim vt.宣称；声明；断言

⑪alarming adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的；引起恐慌的

⑫have an impact on...对……产生影响

⑬ecology n．生态；生态学

⑭average adj.平均的

n．平均数

⑮refer to指的是；参考；查阅

⑯short­wave短波的

⑰release vt.&n.排放；释放；发布

⑱length n．长；长度

⑲methane n．甲烷；沼气

⑳ carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

habitable adj.适合居住的

sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住

extra adj.额外的

fossil n．化石

be trapped in被困在；陷入困境；陷入

comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的

extreme adj.极度的；极端的

worldwide adj.遍及全球地

appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的

trend n．趋势；趋向；动向

broadcast vt.&vi.播送；广播；传播

emission n．排放物；散发物；排放

result in导致

 long­lasting 持久的；长期的

individual n．个人

 carbon footprint 碳足迹

restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚

seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制

原文呈现

CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES

THE WORLD'S ATTENTION

We have known about climate change for decades①. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph②)．[1] A warming ocean and atmosphere③ along with melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate.

[1]There is no doubt that...……不容置疑的。

In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on[2] Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard⑦. According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones⑧”．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body[3]，the bear appeared to have starved⑨ and died. Experts claimed⑩ that low sea­ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming⑪ case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on⑫ Earth's ecology⑬.

[2]that引导定语从句，修饰a dead bear。

[3]who引导定语从句修饰an expert；that引导宾语从句。

Then what is causing the increase in the global average⑭ surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings[4]: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to⑮ the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short­wave⑯ radiation[5]．The heat is released⑰ back into space at longer wave lengths⑱. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as methane⑲ and carbon dioxide⑳，trap some of the heat，keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. Without this process，Earth could not sustain life. However，the “man­made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.

[4]called...是过去分词短语作定语；which引导非限定性定语从句。

[5]that引导同位语从句，解释the fact。

There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives[6]．Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact，news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.

[6]that引导同位语从句，解释evidence；causing和costing在句中作结果状语。

Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long­lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help？

译文参考

气候变化需要全

世界的关注

我们已经知道气候变化几十年了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和(如图所示)。海洋和大气的变暖，冰的融化和海平面的上升，为全球气候的剧烈变化提供了证据。

2013年，挪威北极斯瓦尔巴特岛发现一只北极熊死亡的新闻照片，令很多人震惊。据发现其尸体的科学家称，北极熊仅存的只是“皮包骨头”。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿死的。专家称，由于气候变化导致的海洋冰川位置低意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。这一令人担忧的案例表明，温度的升高是如何影响地球生态的。

那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？气候学家经常提到一个关键的过程，叫作“温室效应”，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应是指太阳产生的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气并使地球表面变暖。热量以较长的波长释放回太空。大气层中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕获了一些热量，保持了地球气候的温暖和宜居。没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。然而，“人为”的温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。

有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去，并将付出更高的代价。事实上，有关极端暴雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道经常播出。

温室气体排放量的持续增加将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的长期变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策，采取适当行动和措施减少温室气体排放。我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育大家认识全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为全球变暖是影响我们地球上所有人的最严重问题。那么你会做些什么来帮忙呢？