高中英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时训练

这是一份高中英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时训练，共10页。试卷主要包含了语言基础训练，培优提升训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The river basin (流域)is hme t this rare species f fish.
2．China has been pushing frward with the refrm (改革)f the welfare system fr the benefit f all its citizens.
3．As is knwn t all, a balanced diet and mderate (适度的) exercise every day are beneficial t health.
4．He is giving the annual (每年的) reprt t the cmmittee.
5．Vaccine develpment takes mnths and even years because the vaccines must underg (经历) extensive testing.
6．Only when we realize the imprtance f helping each ther can we be devted t building a harmnius (和谐的) sciety.
7．Cmpleted prjects must be submitted (提交) by 10 March.
8．Heavy snw has caused ttal chas (混乱) n the rads.
9．He is very sensitive (敏感) t climate change.
10．The muntain area is cvered entirely in dense jungle (丛林)．
Ⅱ.将直接引语变成间接引语
1．Jhn said，“I want t take part in the 2020 Olympic Games.”
→Jhn said that he wanted t take part in the 2020 Olympic Games.
2．He said t Kate，“Hw is yur sister nw？”
→He asked Kate hw her sister was then .
3．Mr. Smith said，“His vice is wnderful.”
→Mr. Smith said that his vice was wnderful .
4．He said，“My sister wants t g with me.”
→He said that his sister wanted t g with him .
5．She said (t me), “I like this bk very much.”
→She tld me that she liked that bk very much.
6．She said (t him), “Yu haven't returned me my bk.”
→She tld him that he hadn't returned her her bk .
7．He said，“The film had begun when I gt t the cinema.”
→He said that the film had begun when he gt t the cinema .
8．I asked the teacher，“When shall we have ur sprts meeting？”
→I asked the teacher when we shuld have ur sprts meeting.
9．“Let's g t the cuntry fr a picnic，” Peter said t me.
→Peter advised me t g t the cuntry fr a picnic with him .
10．“Give me a hand, please，” she said t the by.
→She asked the by t give her a hand .
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He asked wh culd tell the exact time when the prblem wuld be slved.
解析：句意：他问谁能告知这个问题能够被解决的确切时间。间接引语用陈述语序；wh应位于间接引语的开头。故填wh。
2．“Have yu ever been t the seaside？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I had ever been t the seaside.
解析：句意：他问我是否去过海边。直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语要变成由whether/if引导的宾语从句；主句动词用了过去时态，直接引语为现在完成时，变成间接引语时要用过去完成时。故填had。
3．A turist explained t a freigner why the flag flew (fly) at half-mast (下半旗)．
解析：句意：一位游客向一个外国人解释为什么降半旗。根据主句谓语可知应用过去时。故填flew。
4．We were tld that there was (be)ging t be an English crner in the hall at 7 'clck p．m.
解析：句意：有人告诉我们下午七点在大厅有一个英语角。主句为一般过去时，在间接引语中，要用过去时态。而且an English crner为单数，因此用was。故填was。
5．He asked, “When did Cambdia's frmer King pass away？”
→He asked when Cambdia's frmer King had passed away.
解析：句意：他问柬埔寨前国王是何时去世的。直接引语是一般过去时，变为间接引语时要变成过去完成时。故填had passed。
6．He said，“Mther, the by is very naughty.”
→He tld his mther that the by was very naughty.
解析：句意：他跟妈妈说那个男孩很淘气。陈述句变间接引语时，主句动词可以用tell。故填tld。
7．He tld us last night that the flight t Shanghai takes (take) ff at eight tmrrw.
解析：句意：昨晚他告诉我们到上海的航班明天八点起飞。直接引语表达的为客观现象，为时刻表规定的内容，变为间接引语时谓语动词需用一般现在时。故填takes。
8．The head teacher tld us that mst f the students were (be) brn in the 1990s.
解析：句意：校长告诉我们大多数学生出生于20世纪90年代。有具体的过去时间作状语的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，仍然用一般过去时。故填were。
9．“Did the cld weather really begin？” the child said t his mther.
→The child asked his mther whether/if the cld weather had really begun.
解析：句意：孩子问妈妈寒冷的天气是否已真正开始。变间接引语时一般疑问句变为whether/if引导的宾语从句。故填whether/if。
10．A spkesman said the ther day that the cmpany had said (say)“srry” t sme underage (未成年的) wrkers fr hiring them.
解析：句意：几天前一位发言人说这家公司因雇用未成年工人已向他们道歉。故填had said。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·辽宁省锦州市高二期末)
As climate change becmes severe summer after summer, millins f peple are finding themselves cvered in wildfire smke, including thse in Nrth America just this past mnth.It is bad fr ur health.It is als really disturbing, but we dn't talk abut that as much.
We ften use the terms “atmsphere” r “climate” t refer t the md f a situatin.We use metaphrs(比喻) t describe affective states, such as “feeling under the weather” r “n clud nine”．Such language suggests that we understand that human emtins are intimately related t the atmspheric phenmena.Yet rarely d we pay attentin t the ways we feel climate change.
But wildfire smke shws hw affective climate change can be.Fr example, wildfire smke is ften referred t using emtinal phrases such as “air f dread”．Thrugh living with the smke and the panic it generates, we can think mre carefully abut the ways we experience climate change, and crucially, why and hw we need t respnd t it.
We ften think f climate change impacts as far away, separate frm ur bdies, because science typically uses glbal representatins and statistical infrmatin.But wildfire smke spreads and pllutes ur bdies, and indeed, crsses many ther bundaries; it drifts frm rural areas int big cities; and it crsses state and natinal brders with ease.Of curse, sme brders are mre permeable(渗透的), and sme bdies mre sensitive t the smke.
Thrugh its ability t pass thrugh and becme part f ur very being, wildfire smke is clser in nature t the air pllutin we nrmally think f as ne f the causes f climate change.Wildfire smke is bth an impact and a cause f climate change.It explains the nature f climate change impacts and the self-reinfrcing (自我强化) feedback circles that can, and may, lead t the planet warming itself independent f human actins.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。
1．What can we learn abut peple's reactin t climate change? D
A．They are curius abut it.
B．They take it very seriusly.
C．They feel pwerless abut it.
D．They pay little attentin t it.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“It is bad fr ur health.It is als really disturbing, but we dn't talk abut that as much.(它对我们的健康有害。这也很令人不安，但我们很少谈论这个。)”和第二段最后一句“Yet rarely d we pay attentin t the ways we feel climate change.(然而，我们很少会关注我们对气候变化的感受。)”可知，虽然气候变化会造成野火，且其产生的烟雾会对人们的健康造成损害，但人们很少谈论它，也很少关注对于气候变化的感受。故选D。
2．What des the underlined wrd “intimately” in Paragraph 2 mean? A
A．Clsely. B．Naturally.
C．Certainly. D．Unexpectedly.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的前两句可知，人们经常使用“大气”或“气候”之类的词汇来指代某种情况下的情绪；经常用比喻来描述情感状态，如“feeling under the weather (感觉不舒服)”和“n clud nine (在九霄云上；狂喜)”。再结合画线词所在句 (这种语言表明，我们可以理解，人类的情感与大气现象intimately相关) 可知，这些语言表明我们人类的情绪与大气现象有着非常密切的关系。由此可知，画线词intimately与clsely“密切的”意思相近。故选A。
3．What des the authr think f wildfire smke? A
A．It allws peple t sense climate change.
B．It des little harm t peple's health.
C．It influences peple's md.
D．It attracts scientists' deep cncerns wrldwide.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知，作者认为野火烟雾让人们确切地感受到了气候变化带来的影响。故选A。
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text? C
A．Why Smke frm Wildfires Harms Us
B．Hw We Can Observe Climate Change
C．What Smke frm Wildfires Can Teach Us
D．What We Can D t Avid Smke frm Wildfires
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及下文可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。由此可知，C选项(野火产生的烟雾能教会我们什么)最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。
B
(2023·湖南省部分学校高三联考)
Researchers have develped a device that turns sunlight, carbn dixide and water int xygen and frmic acid(甲酸)—a stable fuel that can either be used directly r be changed int hydrgen, withut requiring any additinal cmpnents r electricity.The device, develped by a team frm the University f Cambridge, is a significant step tward achieving artificial phtsynthesis(光合作用)．
Harvesting slar energy t turn carbn dixide int fuels is a prmising way t reduce carbn emissins.Hwever, it is challenging t prduce these clean fuels withut unwanted by-prducts.“In additin, strage f gaseus fuels can be cmplicated—we want t get t the pint where we can cleanly prduce a liquid fuel that can als be easily stred and transprted，” said Prfessr Eisner, senir authr f the study.
In 2019, researchers frm Eisner's grup develped a slar reactr based n an “artificial leaf” design, which als uses sunlight, carbn dixide and water t prduce a fuel, knwn as syngas.The new technlgy is quite similar t the artificial leaf but wrks in a different way and prduces frmic acid, which can be chemically cnverted int different types f fuel.
The artificial leaf used cmpnents frm slar-cells, while the new device desn't require these cmpnents and relies entirely n phtcatalysts(光催化剂) placed n a sheet.The sheets are made up f semicnductr pwders, which can be prepared in large quantities easily and cst-effectively.In additin, this new technlgy prduces clean fuels that are easier t stre.
“We were surprised hw well it wrked—it prduced almst n by-prducts，” said Eisner.“Smetimes things dn't wrk as well as yu expected, but this was a rare case where it actually wrked better.”
The researchers are nw wrking t further imprve efficiency.Additinally, they are explring ther catalysts t get different slar fuels.“We hpe this technlgy will pave the way tward sustainable and practical slar fuel prductin，” said Eisner.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员模拟光合作用发明了一种新设备，可将阳光、二氧化碳和水转化成清洁能源。
5．What was a prblem with artificial phtsynthesis? C
A．It cnsumes t much electricity.
B．It prduces t many by-prducts.
C．The energy it prduces is nt easy t stre.
D．The energy it prduces cannt be used directly.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In additin, strage f gaseus fuels can be cmplicated—we want t get t the pint where we can cleanly prduce a liquid fuel that can als be easily stred and transprted(此外，气体燃料的储存可能很复杂——我们希望达到这样一种程度，即我们可以清洁地生产出一种液体燃料，同时也可以方便地储存和运输)”可知，人工光合作用的一个问题就是产生的气态燃料不易储存。故选C。
6．What advantage des the new device have ver the artificial leaf? C
A．It is mre envirnment-friendly.
B．It is lighter and easier t carry.
C．It is mre ecnmical and efficient.
D．It uses less energy-demanding slar cells.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，与人造叶子相比，新设备既经济又高效。故选C。
7．What d the researchers fcus n ding nw? A
A．Trying ut new catalysts.
B．Making full use f by-prducts.
C．Explring ther sustainable fuels.
D．Mass-prducing their new device.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Additinally, they are explring ther catalysts t get different slar fuels.(此外，他们正在探索其他催化剂以获得不同的太阳能燃料。)”可知，研究人员现在专注于试验新的催化剂。故选A。
8．What can be the best title fr the text? B
A．The prspect f artificial phtsynthesis
B．A new device fr artificial phtsynthesis
C．Opprtunities and challenges f phtcatalysts
D．Artificial leaf: great prgress n making clean energy
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种可用于人工光合作用的新设备。由此可知，B.(人工光合作用的新装置) 适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·辽宁营口市高二期末)
As ur Earth's temperature warms up because f climate change, it is having unexpected effects n ur wrld's frests.When temperatures rise, trees clse their skins t 1.B the lss f water, and this, in turn, slws dwn the 2.C f phtsynthesis(光合作用)．As a result, these trees are shrter and grw slwly, as well as have a 3.A death rate.
Climate change als increases the 4.D f drughts and wildfires.After wildfires, it takes a while fr the frest systems t 5.C , and in sme cases, the frests are 6.B permanently.Trees that are stressed are als 7.A t attacks by bacteria(细菌)．In trpical frests, vines that use the trees as 8.D can ften chke the trees and rb them f nutrients.Finally, humans have 9.C the frest landscape thrugh lgging.When trees are replanted n the sil, they will never grw as large as the 10.B trees that were cut dwn.
As these frests disappear, species that nce called them “hme” are frced t change, 11.A the variety f thse systems. 12.D , sme endangered species are unable t 13.C and die.Old-grwth frests are disappearing in all regins f ur wrld.When frests die, yunger frests that are reestablished in the same area grw back weaker and smaller 14.A pr vegetatin.With trees dying increasingly and cntinuusly, will future generatins 15.B ut n the wnders f frests?
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，地球温度上升，这对我们世界的森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生改变，甚至死亡。
1．A.prtect B．prevent
C．save D．free
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。根据后文“the lss f water”可知树木将皮肤闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。A.prtect 保护；B.prevent阻止；C.save拯救；D.free释放。故选B。
2．A.mvement B．situatin
C．prcess D．peratin
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程(prcess)。A.mvement活动；B.situatin情况；C.prcess进程；D.peratin操作。故选C。
3．A.higher B．firmer
C．lighter D．smaller
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。根据上文“these trees are shrter and grw slwly”可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。B.firmer较坚固的。故选A。
4．A.chice B．measure
C．qualificatin D．chance
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。根据后文“After wildfires”可知全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。A.chice选择；B.measure测量；C.qualificatin资格；D.chance可能性，机会。故选D。
5．A.grw B．rescue
C．recver D．decline
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。结合上文“After wildfires, it takes a while fr the frest systems t”可知野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要时间才能恢复。B.rescue营救；C.recver恢复；D.decline下降。故选C。
6．A.ignred B．lst
C．hurt D．left
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林也可能不能恢复了。A.ignred被忽视的；B.lst无法恢复的，失去的；C.hurt受伤的；D.left左边的，剩下的。故选B。
7．A.accessible B．enjyable
C．acceptable D．favrable
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。根据后文“t attacks by bacteria(细菌)”可知树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be accessible t“容易进入的，容易接近的”。A.accessible易接近的；B.enjyable快乐的；C.acceptable 可接受的；D.favrable赞成的。故选A。
8．A.attentin B．cmmand
C．trust D．supprt
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常会窒息树木，并剥夺树木的营养。结合上文“vines that use the trees as”可知藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，A.attentin注意力；B.cmmand命令；C.trust信任；D.supprt支撑，支持。故选D。
9．A.frightened B．paid
C．ruined D．wasted
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。结合后文“the frest landscape thrugh lgging”可知人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。A.frightened 使害怕；B.paid支付；C.ruined毁灭；D.wasted 浪费。故选C。
10．A.cmmn B．riginal
C．distant D．strng
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。结合后文“trees that were cut dwn”可知此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。A.cmmn普通的；B.riginal 原来的；C.distant遥远的。故选B。
11．A.affecting B．imprving
C．frgetting D．reflecting
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，影响了这些系统的多样性。承接上文“As these frests disappear, species that nce called them ‘hme’ are frced t change”可知森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。A.affecting影响；D.reflecting反射。故选A。
12．A.Besides B．Surprisingly
C．Otherwise D．Unfrtunately
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。根据后文“sme endangered species are unable t”可知某些物种很不幸地是，无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。A.Besides而且；B.Surprisingly惊人地；C.Otherwise否则；D.Unfrtunately 不幸地。故选D。
13．A.devte B．keep
C．adapt D．lead
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。根据上文“species that nce called them ‘hme’ are frced t change”可知物种被迫发生改变了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。A.devte贡献；C.adapt适应；D.lead带领。故选C。
14．A.due t B．in additin t
C．instead f D．in spite f
解析：考查短语辨析。句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。根据后文“pr vegetatin”可知此处指年轻森林由于(due t)植被不良，而变得更弱更小。A.due t因为；B.in additin t除……之外；C.instead f 而不是；D.in spite f尽管。故选A。
15．A.pass B．miss
C．break D．bring
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？结合后文“ut n the wnders f frests”可知此处指错过森林的奇迹。短语miss ut“错过”。故选B。