高中英语Unit 6 Space and beyond课后练习题

这是一份高中英语Unit 6 Space and beyond课后练习题，文件包含2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondDevelopingideas课时素养评价含解析外研版选择性必修4doc、2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondStartingoutUnderstandingideas课时素养评价含解析外研版选择性必修4doc、2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondUsinglanguage课时素养评价含解析外研版选择性必修4doc等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. They have n way t dispse f the hazardus(hazard)waste they prduce.
2. He went t an unexceptinal(exceptinal) state schl, nt a fancy private ne.
3. Self-driving shuttles (shuttle)and slar cars were als n display at the 2014 shw.
4. Neighburs have invited us ut, given us clthes, and taken us n excursins(excursin).
5. The beauty f the Internet, experts say, is that it has rekindled(rekindle) the jy f writing.
6. “Hw much lnger must I g n like this? ” she asked herself tragically(tragic).
7. One f the back wheels shattered his skull and killed him instantaneusly(instantaneus).
8. He walked alng in the shadws (shadw), hping n ne wuld recgnize him.
9. I think he fell dwn the stairs, and he screamed (scream)fr tw r three minutes.
10. Julie was suspended (suspend)frm her jb shrtly after the incident.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
set ft n; becme accustmed t; be aware f; take ff; tune in; be abut t; a sense f; n bard; cast a shadw n; take ne’s place
1. Just after he finished repairing, he was aware f his mistake right away.
2. This is the first time I have left my cuntry and set ft n freign sil.
3. The six astrnauts n bard will spend ten days in space.
4. We have becme accustmed t his way f speaking.
5. He tk ff at nce and headed back t the mtel.
6. Mre than six millin yungsters tune in t Blckbusters every day.
7. It makes me extremely angry that he has nt turned up when the train is abut t leave.
8. Mr Chen is ill tday. I’ll take his place t give yu a lessn.
9. The tree cast a shadw n the grass.
10. Bringing up a child alne shuld give yu a sense f achievement.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1. 他回到家里, 又饿又累。(形容词作状语)
He arrived hme, hungry and tired.
2. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(介词+宾语从句)
We are talking abut whether we admit students int ur club.
3. 听到这个消息, 他们都高兴得跳了起来。(现在分词作状语)
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.
4. 当我出门时, 开始下雨了。
As I was ging ut, it began t rain.
5. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
The next train t arrive was frm New Yrk.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astrnaut gets ut f a spacecraft while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astrnauts g n spacewalks fr many reasns. Fr example, experiments can be placed n the utside f a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn hw being in space affects different things. By ging n spacewalks, astrnauts can als fix certain things instead f bringing them back t the earth t fix.
When astrnauts g n spacewalks, they wear spacesuits t keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astrnauts have the xygen they need t breathe and the water they need t drink. T keep the astrnauts and the spacecraft safe, the astrnauts must leave and g back t the spacecraft thrugh a special dr. When n a spacewalk, astrnauts use safety tethers t stay clse t their spacecraft, which cnnect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astrnauts frm flating away int space. Anther way astrnauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is wrn like a backpack. It helps an astrnaut mve arund in space.
Hw d astrnauts train fr spacewalks? One way is by ging fr a swim. Flating in space is a lt like flating in water. Astrnauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pl. Fr every ne hur they will spend n a spacewalk, astrnauts need t train seven hurs in the pl. Anther way astrnauts practice fr a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It lks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Tday, nly three cuntries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first persn t g n a spacewalk in the wrld was Alexei Lenv frm Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astrnaut t g n a spacewalk. The wrld recrd f spacewalks is held by Russian astrnaut Anatly Slvyev. He has been n 16 spacewalks and spent mre than 82 hurs utside in space.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因, 太空行走的流程和宇航员如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有三个国家独立完成了太空行走, 列举了这三个国家在太空行走方面取得的成就。
1. What can an astrnaut d by ging n a spacewalk?
A. Fix different bjects.
B. Cllect any thing he wants.
C. Carry ut an experiment.
D. Study hw things change in space.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知宇航员进行太空行走的原因有很多。例如, 实验可以放在航天器的外部。这让科学家了解在太空环境中是如何影响不同事物的。由此可知, 宇航员进行太空行走能进行实验。故选C。
2. What des the underlined wrd “tethers” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Special rpes. B. Spacesuits.
C. Spacecraft. D. Special backpacks.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据后文which cnnect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知tethers是连接太空行走者和宇宙飞船的, 可推测tethers是指一种特殊的绳子。由此可知, 画线单词意思为“特殊的绳子”。故选A。
3. What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Walking in space is as easy as ging swimming.
B. A virtual reality shuld be used in a spacewalk.
C. Only three cuntries have ever tried spacewalk.
D. Russia keeps the wrld recrd f spacewalks.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知太空行走的世界纪录由俄罗斯宇航员Anatly Slvyev保持。他已经进行了16次太空行走, 在太空中度过了82个多小时。由此可知, 俄罗斯保持着太空行走的世界纪录。故选D。
4. Where is this passage mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A magazine.
C. A nvel. D. A guidebk.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因, 太空行走的流程和宇航员如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有三个国家独立完成了太空行走, 列举了这三个国家在太空行走方面取得的成就。可知文章属于科学知识类, 结合选项可知最有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。
B
Phtgraphic self-prtraits have existed fr as lng as cameras have been in human hands. But what abut selfies in space? On Twitter last year, NASA astrnaut Edwin Aldrin, wh famusly became the secnd man t walk n the mn in July 1969, laid claim t a spaceflight first: taking the first selfie in space during the Gemini XII missin in 1966.
“Fr me, it needs t be digital t be selfie, ” argues Jennifer Levasseur, a directr at the Smithsnian Natinal Air and Space Museum. Accrding t Levasseur, the cncept f a selfie is directly linked t internet culture. “The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it, ” she says.
Still, astrnauts have been carrying cameras abard space vehicles since the 1960s. In 1966, Aldrin used a Hasselblad camera designed specifically fr space. Hasselblad als painted the first camera in space a matte(不光亮的)black t reduce reflectins in the rbiter windw. But cameras used in space need t survive extreme cnditins, like temperature swings frm -149°F t 248°F, s Hasselblad painted later mdel silver.
Astrnauts visiting the mn then had t take ut the film and leave their camera bdies behind when they returned t Earth, because early space missins were limited by a weight limit n the returned trip. Then a big change in space camera technlgy came after the space shuttle Clumbia brke apart n its return t Earth in 2003, Levasseur ntes. “Fear that they’d never be able t bring film back frm space and lse all that hard wrk accelerated the push fr digital, ” she says.
Tday, astrnauts als have access t internet and scial platfrms in space and can pst true space selfies made using digital cameras. Similarly, space rbts are participating in selfie culture, capturing remte pictures f themselves in space r n ther planets and sending them back t Earth.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空自拍的历史。
5. Why d selfies in space need t be digital accrding t Jennifer Levasseur?
A. Astrnauts are fnd f studying technlgy.
B. Astrnauts are eager t be famus n the Internet.
C. Astrnauts desire t cmmunicate n scial platfrms.
D. Astrnauts want t vercme the fear in space.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“对我来说, 自拍必须是数码的, ”史密森国家航空航天博物馆的主管Jennifer Levasseur说。Levasseur表示, 自拍的概念与网络文化直接相关。“自拍的关键在于分享, ”她说。可推断出Jennifer Levasseur认为太空自拍之所以需要数字化是因为宇航员想在人类的社交平台交流与互动。故选C。
6. Why can the Hasselblad camera adjust t the temperature changes in space?
A. It is painted silver.
B. Its matte black gathers light.
C. Its design is special.
D. It can reduce reflectin itself.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知但在太空中使用的相机需要在极端条件下, 比如温度从-149°F到248°F的波动中还能使用的, 所以Hasselblad在后来的模型上涂上了银色。由此可推断出, Hasselblad的照相机能适应太空气温的变化是因为它被漆成了银色。故选A。
7. What cntributed t the faster develpment f camera technlgy in space?
A. The heavy space tasks.
B. A returned space shuttle.
C. A spaceflight crash.
D. The imprved film.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的第二、三句可知2003年哥伦比亚号航天飞机在返回地球时爆炸解体后, 太空摄影技术发生了重大变化。莱瓦瑟说: “担心他们永远无法把胶卷从太空带回来, 使所有的辛苦工作没有了, 这加速了数字化的发展。”由此可知, 是一次太空飞行事故促成了太空摄像技术的快速发展。故选C。
8. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Origin f Selfies in Space
B. The Brief Histry f Selfies in Space
C. The Significance f Selfies in Space
D. The Ppularity f Selfies in Space
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文第一段最后一句引出太空自拍的话题后, 下文介绍了自拍的起源, 以及太空自拍的现状。由此可推断出, 本文简单介绍了太空自拍的历史。所以最适合这篇文章的题目是“太空自拍的简史”。故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Ways t Get Yur Kids int Nature
Being in nature fr kids has tremendus health benefits. There are many ways yu can incrprate nature int yur children’s lives, even if yu live in the city.
Inspire curisity by being curius yurself. A parent’s excitement can be spread t the children, and when yu shw respect fr nature, yur children fllw suit. 1 . “I dn’t knw! Let’s find ut tgether. ” is a wnderful way t get the ball rlling. Be pen t a mutual adventure and allw yur curius inner child t cme ut while yu explre nature with yur children.
2 . If yu have t carpl(拼车)in the mrning, turn ff the devices instead and encurage yur children t lk ut f the windw. The early mrning fall skies are beautiful with clr and migrating birds. After all, even views f nature frm the car windw are calming and beneficial.
Stp thinking abut nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in yur children’s health and well-being. If yu view nature time as essential t gd health, yu will be mre likely t engage in it. 3 , nurturing creativity and wnder are part f yur respnsibility as parents.
Lk at the stars. Visit yur lcal bservatry, and then drive ut f the city sme mrning r evening fr yur wn stargazing(天体观察)with a blanket and telescpe. Observing the stars ffers a deeper and wider understanding f the universe. 4 .
Plant a small garden. 5 . Bean and pea plants grw quickly and can be eaten when mature, s teach yur children abut fd and the wnder f grwth.
A. Limit electrnic devices while driving
B. Encurage questins yu dn’t knw the answers t
C. If yu want t raise yur healthy, well-balanced children
D. If yu have the space, help yur children plant a few vegetables
E. It will teach teamwrk, pride in the cmmunity, and family tgetherness
F. If yur child is interested, encurage him t get invlved in the cmmunity
G. Allw yurself t think abut it, and talk t yur children abut that wnder
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。
1. 【解析】选B。由后一句可知, “我不知道! 让我们一起找到答案”这是一个非常棒的可以让活动继续下去的方式。此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题, 从而引起好奇心。选项B中的“不知道答案的问题”和后一句中的“我不知道! 让我们一起找到答案”相呼应, 符合语境。故选B。
2. 【解析】选A。由后一句可知, 如果你必须在早上拼车, 那么关掉电子设备, 然后鼓励你的孩子们往窗外看看。选项A表达的是“开车的时候限制电子设备”, 和后一句中的“关掉电子设备”相呼应。故选A。
3. 【解析】选C。由空格前两句可知, 与自然接触是对你孩子健康和幸福的必要投资。选项C表达的是“如果你想要培养出健康而且明智的孩子”, 是对空格前两句中的“对孩子健康和幸福的必要投资”的承接。故选C。
4. 【解析】选G。由空格前一句可知, 观察星空能够加深对宇宙的理解。选项G表达的是“允许你自己去思考它, 并且和你的孩子们谈论那种神奇”, 选项G种的“那种神奇”指代的是前一句表达的“对宇宙的理解”, 前后呼应。故选G。
5. 【解析】选D。由空前后可知, 开辟一个小菜园。豆角和豌豆可以快速生长, 当成熟的时候就可以食用, 这样可以教会你的孩子们关于食物和生长的奇迹。选项D表达的是“如果你有空间, 帮助你的孩子们种一些蔬菜”, 是对前后的承接与呼应。故选D。
完形填空
Space explratin has always been the prvince f 1 : The human imaginatin readily sars where human ingenuity (聪明才智)struggles t fllw. A Vyage t the Mn, ften cited as the first science fictin stry, was written by Cyran de Bergerac in 1649. Cyran was dead and buried fr a gd three centuries 2 the first manned rckets started t fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America wuld send a man t the mn by the 3 ’s end, thse wrds, t, had a dreamlike quality. They resnated with ptimism and ambitin in much the same way as the mst famus 4 speech f all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. tw years later. By the end f the decade, bth visins had yielded cncrete results and 5 American sciety. And yet in many ways the tw dreams ended up 6 each ther. The fight fr racial and ecnmic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的)and immediate in its impact. The urge t explre space is just the ppsite. It is figuratively and literally therwrldly in its 7 .
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lst ut. There was n grand fllw-up t the Apll missins. The technlgically cmprmised space shuttle prgram has just cme t an end, with n 8 . The perpetual argument is that 9 are tight, that we have mre pressing prblems here n Earth. Amid the current cncerns abut the federal deficit, reaching tward the stars seems a dispensable luxury— 10 saving ne-thusandth f a single year’s budget wuld slve ur prblems.
But human ingenuity struggles n. NASA is develping a series f rbtic prbes that will get the mst bang frm a buck. They will serve as mdern Magellans, 11 ut the slar system fr whatever explrers fllw, whether man r machine. On the flip side, cmpanies like Virgin Galactic are pltting a bttm-up assault n the space dream by making it a reality t the public. Private spaceflight culd lie within 12 f rich civilians in a few years. Anther decade r tw and it culd g mainstream.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all f us—nt just because f the way they expand human knwledge, r because f the spin-ff 13 they prduce, but because the tw types f dreams feed ff each ther. Bth Martin Luther King and Jhn Kennedy appealed t the idea that humans can 14 what were nce cnsidered inherent limitatins. Tday we face seeming challenges in energy, the envirnment, health care. Tmrrw we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lt f the credit. The mre evidence we cllect that ur species is 15 greatness, the mre we will actually achieve it.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直是梦想家的领域, 它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。而人类的聪明才智也紧追不舍, 最终将人类送上了太空。
1. A. dreamers B. explrers
C. astrnmersD. nvelists
【解析】选A。句意: 太空探索一直是梦想家的领域: 人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力追随的地方翱翔。 dreamers梦想家; explrers探险家; astrnmers天文学家; nvelists小说家。该空格对应着后句中的the human imaginatin, 因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。
2. A. after B. befre C. until D. while
【解析】选B。句意: 直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。 after在……之后; befre在……之前; until直到……才……; while当……时候。根据句意和常识可知, 是在他死后才有的人造飞船。故选B。
3. A. yearB. quarterC. centuryD. decade
【解析】选D。句意: 1961年, 当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时, 那些话也有一种梦幻般的意味。 year年; quarter一刻钟; century世纪; decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by the end f the decade, 因此选用decade。故选D。
4. A. inspiringB. public
C. dreamD. freedm
【解析】选C。句意: 这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志, 就像马丁·路德·金发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。 inspiring鼓舞人心的; public公众的; dream梦想; freedm自由。全文集中讲述梦想, 所以是梦想演讲。故选C。
5. A. attackedB. industrialized
C. transfrmedD. accessed
【解析】选C。句意: 在这十年结束前, 这两种愿景都取得了具体成果, 改变了美国社会。 attacked攻击; industrialized使工业化; transfrmed转变; accessed接近。故选C。
6. A. in cnflict withB. in line with
C. in cmmn withD. keeping pace with
【解析】选A。句意: 然而, 这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。 in cnflict with和……冲突; in line with符合, 与……一致; in cmmn with与……一样; keeping pace with 跟上。句子中yet 形成转折, 因此选择两种梦想互相冲突。故选A。
7. A. aimsB. influences
C. cncernsD. terms
【解析】选A。句意: 探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上, 无论是比喻上还是字面上, 它都是超凡脱俗的。 aims目标; influences影响; cncerns关心; terms条款。根据上文The fight fr racial and ecnmic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge t explre space is just the ppsite. 可知, 此处是指目标上。故选A。
8. A. ancestrB. successr
C. frefatherD. advcate
【解析】选B。句意: 技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束, 没有继任者。 ancestr祖先; successr继承人; frefather先辈; advcate拥护者。与上文中的has just cme t an end顺承, 即航天飞机计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。
9. A. situatinsB. securities
C. fundsD. schedules
【解析】选C。句意: 长期的争论是资金紧张, 我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。situatins状况; securities证券; funds资金, 基金; schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal deficit(联邦财政赤字)对应, 应该是财政吃紧。故选C。
10. A. just likeB. n cnditin that
C. as ifD. s that
【解析】选C。句意: 到达太空是非必需的奢侈品, 好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预算才能解决我们的问题。 just like正如; n cnditin that如果; as if好像; s that 以便。根据句意, 尤其是空前的破折号可知, 此处是一种比方。故选C。
11. A. makingB. figuring
C. sweepingD. mapping
【解析】选D 。句意: 他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色, 为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图, 无论探险者是人还是机器。making制作; figuring计算; sweeping打扫; mapping绘图。根据句意中提到的Magellans可知, 此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D。
12. A. reachB. management
C. cntrlD. knwledge
【解析】选A。句意: 几年后, 富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。reach范围; management管理; cntrl控制; knwledge知识。within reach f 够得到, 结合句意。故选A。
13. A. prductinsB. chips
C. technlgiesD. substitutes
【解析】选C。句意: 太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式, 或者因为他们生产的副产品技术, 而是因为这两种梦想相互促进。 prductins产品; chips炸薯条; technlgies技术; substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的r可知, 此处是指技术。故选C。
14. A. g beyndB. g thrugh
C. g afterD. g ver
【解析】选A。句意: 马丁·路德·金和约翰·肯尼迪都呼吁人们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。 g beynd超出; g thrugh经历; g after追求; g ver复习。根据下文Tmrrw we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lt f the credit. 明天我们也将超越这些, 而梦想家们将得到很大的赞扬。可知, 此处是指超出固有的局限性。故选A。
15. A. in ignrance fB. capable f
C. prud fD. in favr f
【解析】选B。句意: 我们收集到的证据越多, 表明我们这个物种有能力成就伟大的事业, 我们就会取得越多的成就。in ignrance f不知道; capable f能够; prud f为……自豪; in favr f支持。根据上文Tmrrw we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lt f the credit. 可知, 这些都是我们的能力。故选B。