高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics当堂达标检测题

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Ⅰ. 用适当的关系词填空
1. I will never frget the days that/which we spent tgether.
2. I will never frget the days when we stayed tgether.
3. The reasn that/which he explained at the meeting was nt sund.
4. The reasn why he was happy was that he had been praised by the teacher.
5. Keep the bk in a place where yu can find it easily.
6. This is the huse that/which was built by my grandfather frty years ag.
7. I will shw yu the pint where yu fail.
8. There are sme cases where this rule des nt hld gd.
9. He had t face the cnditins where pressure was heavy.
10. He is the man whm/that I saw yesterday.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. The huse has been pulled dwn. He lived in the huse 10 years ag.
→The huse where he lived 10 years ag has been pulled dwn.
2. The schl lies in the east f the twn. He nce studied in the schl.
→The schl where he nce studied lies in the east f the twn.
3. D yu remember the days? On thse days we played tgether.
→D yu remember the days when we played tgether?
4. We went thrugh a perid. During that time cmmunicatins were very difficult in the rural areas.
→We went thrugh a perid when cmmunicatins were very difficult in the rural areas.
5. After graduatin he returned t the small twn which he grew up in.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. The reasn why he culd nt g there was that he was ill in bed. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
2. We are living in an age when many things are dne n cmputer.
我们生活在许多事情在电脑上就可以做的时代。
3. I’ll never frget the days when I wrked tgether with yu. 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。
4. The lab where the chemist ften des experiments is nt far frm here.
那个化学家经常做实验的那个实验室离这里不远。
5. The factry where my father used t wrk fell dwn in the earthquake.
我父亲过去工作的那家工厂在地震中倒塌了。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·乌鲁木齐高二检测)
Nbdy likes hme ecnmics (家政学). But restring the prgram culd help us in the fight against besity and chrnic (慢性的)diseases tday.
The hme ecnmics mvement was funded n the belief that husewrk and fd preparatin were imprtant subjects that shuld be studied scientifically. The first classes ccurred in the agricultural and technical clleges that were built in the 1860s. When mst departments f universities rejected wmen, hme ecnmics was a back dr int higher educatin.
Indeed, in the early 20th century, hme ecnmics was a serius subject. When few peple understd germ (微生物)thery and almst n ne had heard f vitamins, hme ecnmics classes ffered vital infrmatin abut washing hands regularly, eating fruit and vegetables and nt feeding cffee t babies.
Hwever, tday we remember nly the fixed ideas abut hme ecnmics, frgetting the mvement’s mst imprtant lessns n healthy eating and cking. T many Americans simply dn’t knw hw t ck. Our diets, cnsisting f highly prcessed fds made cheaply utside the hme, have cntributed t many serius health prblems. In the last decade, many cities and states have tried t tax junk fd heavily r t ban the use f fd stamps (食品券)t buy sda. Clearly, many peple are dubtful abut any gvernmental steps t prmte healthy eating. But what if the gvernment put the tls f besity preventin in the hands f children themselves by teaching them hw t ck?
My first experience with hme ecnmics happened tw decades ag when I was a seventh grader in a Nrth Carlina public schl. A year later, my father’s jb tk ur family t Wales, where I attended a large schl fr a few mnths. It was the first time I had ever really cked anything. I remember that it was fun, and with an instructr standing by, it wasn’t hard. Thse lessns stuck with me when I first started cking fr my husband and myself after cllege and they still d. Teaching cking in public schls can help slve sme prblems facing Americans tday. The histry f hme ecnmics shws it’s pssible.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是家政学的历史和发展。我们今天要正确地对待家政学在健康饮食和烹饪方面的重要意义。
1. What d we knw abut hme ecnmics accrding t the passage?
A. It is a subject becming mre and mre ppular with Americans
B. It is ften used t help fight against besity and chrnic diseases
C. It nce ffered wmen a special apprach t university educatin
D. It was first taught in the agricultural and technical clleges in the early 1900s
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章中第二段最后一句When mst departments f universities rejected wmen, hme ecnmics was a back dr int higher educatin. 可知, 家政学给了女性一个进入大学接受高等教育的机会。故选C。
2. What des the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The imprtance f regular hand washing
B. The health benefits f fruit and vegetables
C. The cntents f hme ecnmics classes in the early 20th century
D. The significance f teaching hme ecnmics in the early 20th century
【解析】选D。段落主旨题。纵观第三段的内容Indeed, in the early 20th century, hme ecnmics was a serius subject. When few peple understd germ thery and almst n ne had heard f vitamins, hme ecnmics classes ffered vital infrmatin abut washing hands regularly, eating fruit and vegetables and nt feeding cffee t babies. 可知, 第三段主要讲述了20世纪初家政学教学的意义。故选D。
3. In the pinin f the authr, hw shuld we fight against childhd besity?
A. Children shuld be taught hw t ck.
B. A heavy tax shuld be put n junk fd.
C. Healthy eating shuld be prmted at schl.
D. Using fd stamps t buy sda shuld be banned.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第四段中But what if the gvernment put the tls f besity preventin in the hands f children themselves by teaching them hw t ck? 可知, 在作者看来, 我们应该教孩子们如何做饭来对抗儿童肥胖, 故选A。
4. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Her family mved frequently in her childhd.
B. Cking classes have a far-reaching influence n her later life.
C. T receive a better educatin, she went t a large schl in Wales.
D. Teaching cking is the key t slving Americans’ health prblems.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章的最后一段主要讲了作者的亲身经历。从作者小时候学会做饭一直到成家后给丈夫、孩子做饭, 这些经历对作者的生活产生了深远的影响。A、C、D三个选项的表述与原文意思不符。故选B。
B
(2021·沈阳高二检测)
An increase in students applying t study ecnmics at university is being attributed t (归因于)the glbal ecnmic crisis awakening a public thirst fr knwledge abut hw the financial system wrks.
Applicatins fr degree curses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, accrding t UCAS, the Universities and Clleges Admissins Service. A spkesman fr the Ryal Ecnmic Sciety said applicatins t d ecnmics at A-level were als up.
Prfessr Jhn Beath, the president f the sciety and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures—which are pen t students frm all departments—were drawing crwds f 400, rather than the usual 250.
“There are a large number f students wh are nt ecnmics majrs (专业), wh wuld like t learn smething abut it. One f the things I have dne this year is t relate my teaching t cntemprary events in a way that ne hasn’t traditinally dne. ” He said.
University applicatins rse by 7% last year, but there were rises abve average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peple’s renewed interest in careers in the pubic sectr (部门), which are seen as mre secure in ecnmic crisis.
A recent study shwed almst tw thirds f parents believed schls shuld d mre t teach pupils abut financial matters, and almst half said their children had asked them what was ging n, althugh a minrity (少数)f parents felt they did nt understand it themselves well enugh t explain.
Zack Hcking, the head f Child Trust Funds, said, “It’s pssible that ne gd thing t arise frm the dwnturn (低迷)will be a generatin that’s financially wiser and better equipped t manage their mney thrugh times f ecnmic uncertainty. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于金融危机, 在大学里越来越多的人申请读经济学, 经济学受到热捧并且公共行业的专业也很受学生的青睐, 因为这些行业的收入在经济危机中更为保险。
5. Prfessr Jhn Beath’s lectures are ______.
A. given in a traditinal way
B. warmly received by ecnmics
C. cnnected with the present situatin
D. pen t bth students and their parents
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章“One f the things I have dne this year is t relate my teaching t cntemprary events in a way that ne hasn’t traditinally dne. ” 今年我做过的一件事是以传统教学没有用过的方式把我的教学与当代的事件联系起来。”可知, Prfessr Jhn Beath 的讲座主要是有关当代发生的一些事情, 与当前的形势联系得很紧密。故选C。
6. Careers in the public sectr are mre attractive because f their______.
A. higher pay B. greater stability (稳定)
C. fewer applicatinsD. better reputatin (名声)
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章“Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peple’s renewed interest in careers in the public sectr, which are seen as mre secure in ecnmic crisis. ” (护理行业增长了15%, 人们对公共行业的职业重新产生了兴趣, 人们认为这在经济危机中更有保障。)可知, 公共行业被看成是在经济危机中更加有保障的行业, 所以很多人申请公共行业的专业学习。故选B。
7. In the pinin f mst parents, ______.
A. ecnmics shuld be the fcus f schl teaching
B. mre students shuld be admitted t universities
C. children shuld slve financial prblems themselves
D. the teaching f financial matters shuld be strengthened
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章A recent study shwed almst tw thirds f parents believed schls shuld d mre t teach pupils abut financial matters(最近的一项研究显示, 近三分之二的家长认为学校应该做更多的事情来教学生理财)可知, 家长们希望老师多教学生一些金融方面的知识, 故选D。
8. What’s the main idea f the text?
A. Ecnmics is attracting an increasing number f students.
B. Universities have received mre applicatins.
C. Cllege students benefit a lt frm ecnmic uncertainty.
D. Parents are cncerned with children’s subject selectin.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了当前经济危机下, 很多人都申请学经济学来更好地理解金融系统的运行模式和职能, 即经济学吸引了越来越多的人。故选A。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
(2021·天津高二检测)
BEIJING China will establish a new special ecnmic zne in the 1. _______ (heavy)plluted prvince f Hebei t prmte integratin(一体化)with 2. _______ neighbring cities f Beijing and Tianjin, the gvernment has annunced.
The Xingan New Area will be 3. _______ the same natinal imprtance as the Shenzhen Special Ecnmic Zne, 4. _______ helped kick-start China’s ecnmic refrms in 1980, the fficial Xinhua News Agency said, citing a circular released by the Chinese Cabinet.
The new special ecnmic zne 5. _______ (lcate)arund 100km suth-west f Beijing, clse t the Hebei prvincial capital f Shijiazhuang and will huse sme f Beijing’s relcated “nn-capital functins”. It is currently nly 100 square kilmeters in area 6. _______ will eventually be expanded t 2, 000 square kilmeters.
Beijing, hme t 22 millin peple, 7. _______ (try)t cntrl ppulatin grwth and relcate industries and ther nn-capital functins t Hebei in the
8. _______ (cme)years as part f its effrts t prevent pllutin and crwdedness.
The remval f nn-capital functins frm Beijing is part f a greater strategy t integrate the develpment f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei fr a better ecnmic structure, 9. _______ (clean)envirnment and imprved public 10. _______ (serve).
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 中国政府近期要设立雄安新区, 文章介绍了雄安新区的地理位置及设立的设想和功能。
1. 【解析】heavily。考查副词。句意: 中国将在被严重污染的河北省建立一个新经济特区来加快和邻近城市——北京和天津的一体化进程。在英语中, 副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子, 本句中副词heavily作状语, 修饰形容词plluted。所以要填heavily。
2. 【解析】the。考查定冠词。定冠词the表示特指, 不定冠词a/an表示泛指, 本句使用定冠词the特指河北省两个邻近的城市北京和天津。所以要填the。
3. 【解析】f。考查固定结构。句意: 雄安新区将会和深圳特区有同样的国家重要性。固定结构“f+名词”=“该名词构成的形容词”, 所以句中的“f imprtance”=“imprtant”表示重要的; 在句中作表语。所以要填f。
4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the Shenzhen Special Ecnmic Zne, 关系代词which指代先行词, 引导定语从句并在句中作主语。所以要填which。
5. 【解析】is lcated。考查动词。句意: 这个新的经济特区位于大约北京西南100千米处, 靠近河北省会石家庄。短语be lcated意为“位于……”, 在句中作谓语, 所以要填is lcated。
6. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 现在它只有100平方千米, 但是最终会拓宽至2 000平方千米。根据句意可知, 上下文之间是转折关系, 要用表示转折关系的连词。所以要填but。
7. 【解析】is trying。考查时态。句意: 北京现在有2 200万人口, 在努力控制人口增长并在未来几年里向河北重新配置工业和其他非首都功能。本句叙述北京现在正在做的事情, 所以填is trying。
8. 【解析】cming。考查形容词。形容词cming表示“即将到来的”, 在句中作定语, 修饰years, 表示未来的时间。所以要填cming。
9. 【解析】cleaner。考查比较级。句意: 转移北京的非首都功能是整合北京、天津和河北省发展的一个伟大的策略, 是为了一个更好的工业结构, 更清洁的环境并提升公共服务。句中设空处与前面的better是并列成分, 所以要填cleaner。
10. 【解析】service(s)。考查名词。在英语中, 动词的后面要接名词作宾语, 本句中要用serve的名词形式作动词imprve的宾语, 所以要填service(s)。
完形填空
(2021·西安高二检测)
Open data-sharers are still in the minrity in many fields. Althugh many researchers bradly agree that public access t raw data wuld prmte science, mst are 1 t pst the results f their wn laburs nline.
Sme cmmunities have agreed t share nline-geneticists, fr example, pst DNA sequences at the GenBank repsitry (库), and astrnmers are accustmed t 2 images f galaxies and stars frm, say, the Slan Digital Sky Survey, a telescpe that has bserved sme 500 millin bjects—but these remain the 3 , nt the rule. Histrically, scientists have 4 sharing fr many reasns: it is a lt f wrk, until recently, gd databases did nt exist; grant funders were nt pushing fr sharing; it has been difficult t agree n standards fr frmatting data, and there is n agreed way t assign credit fr data.
But the 5 are disappearing in part because jurnals and funding agencies wrldwide are encuraging scientists t make their data 6 . Last year, the Ryal Sciety in Lndn said in its reprt that scientists need t. “ 7 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. ”Funding agencies nte that data paid fr with public mney shuld be public infrmatin, and the scientific cmmunity is recgnizing that data can nw be shared nline in ways that were nt pssible befre. T match the grwing demand, services are springing up t make it easier t publish research prducts 8 and enable ther researchers t discver and cite (引用)them.
Althugh calls t share data ften cncentrate n the 9 advantages f sharing, the practice is nt purely beneficial t thers. Researchers wh share get plenty f persnal benefits including mre cnnectins with clleagues, imprved 10 and increased citatins. The mst successful sharers—thse whse data are dwnladed and cited the mst ften—get nticed, and their wrk gets used. 11 , ne f the mst ppular data sets n multidisciplinary repsitry Dryad is abut wd density arund the wrld; it has been 12 5700 times. C-authr Amy Zanne thinks that users prbably range frm climate-change researchers wanting t estimate hw much carbn is stred in bimass, t fresters lking fr infrmatin n different grades f trees. “I’d much prefer t have my date used by the 13 number f peple t as their wn questins, ” she says. “It’s imprtant t allw readers and reviewers t see exactly hw yu arrive at yur results. Publishing data and cde allws yur science t be 14 . ”
Even peple whse data are less ppular can benefit. By making the effrt t rganize and label files s thers can understand them, scientists can becme mre rganized and better disciplined themselves, thus aviding 15 later n.
【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 公布自己的研究数据和成果正变得越来越流行, 这不仅对外界有好处, 而且对作者本人也有好处。
1. A. restrictedB. reluctant
C. desperateD. generus
【解析】选B。restricted限制的; reluctant不情愿的; desperate绝望的; generus慷慨的。根据前一句可知, 尽管许多研究者都同意, 但是他们大多数还是不愿意将自己的劳动成果公布在网上。故选B。
2. A. accessingB. prcessing
C. analyzingD. identifying
【解析】选A。accessing接近, 使用; prcessing处理; analyzing分析; identifying确认。分析句子可知, 本句讲述天文学家可以直接使用这个望远镜观测的图像。故选A。
3. A. assumptinB. mystery
C. exceptinD. phenmenn
【解析】选C。assumptin假设; mystery谜; exceptin例外; phenmenn现象。根据本句nt the rule可知, 这些情况都是例外。故选C。
4. A. lnged frB. appealed t
C. fcused nD. bjected t
【解析】选D。lnged fr渴望; appealed t呼吁, 吸引; fcused n关注; bjected t反对。根据后文可知, 列举了很多科学家反对分享的原因。故选D。
5. A. symptmsB. barriers
C. advantagesD. cnsequences
【解析】选B。symptms症状; barriers障碍; advantages优势; cnsequences结果。根据后文可知, 期刊和资助机构正在鼓励科学家公开数据, 故障碍在消失。故选B。
6. A. cntrllableB. unique
C. reliableD. public
【解析】选D。cntrllable可控制的; unique唯一的; reliable可靠的; public公开的。根据文章可知, 此处指公开自己的数据。故选D。
7. A. shift away frmB. end up with
C. give rise tD. build
【解析】选A。shift away frm转变; end up with以……结束; give rise t引起; build创建。根据文章可知, 研究的文化在发生改变。故选A。
8. A. secretB. digitallyC. ethicallyD. fairly
【解析】选B。secret秘密的; digitally数字地; ethically道德地; fairly相当。根据文章可知, 越来越多的研究成果以数字版本出版。故选B。
9. A. materialB. individual
C. mralD. ecnmic
【解析】选C。material材料; individual个人; mral道德的; ecnmic经济的。根据文章可知, 本句主要讲述呼吁公开研究数据的道德原因。故选C。
10. A. visibilityB. awareness
C. cnditinD. cnfidence
【解析】选A。visibility可见度; awareness意识; cnditin条件; cnfidence信心。分享文章可知, 本句讲述公开数据对个人的好处。故选A。
11. A. On the cntraryB. As a result
C. Fr exampleD. After all
【解析】选C。On the cntrary相反; As a result因此; Fr example比如; After all毕竟。根据后文可知, 本句是前一句的举例说明。故选C。
12. A. dwnladedB. updated
C. ptimizedD. addressed
【解析】选A。dwnladed下载; updated更新; ptimized优化; addressed做演讲。根据文章可知, 本句讲述最受欢迎的数据下载次数。故选A。
13. A. mderateB. maximum
C. averageD. estimate
【解析】选B。mderate温和的; maximum最大的; average平均的; estimate估计。根据文章可知, 作者希望自己的数据能够帮助更多的人。故选B。
14. A. reversibleB. prfitable
C. reprducibleD. recgnizable
【解析】选C。reversible可逆的; prfitable可盈利的; reprducible可再生的; recgnizable可认出的。公开数据和代码结果能让你的科学研究衍生。故选C。
15. A. crisisB. cnfusinC. riskD. cnflict
【解析】选B。crisis危机; cnfusin混淆; risk风险; cnflict冲突。根据本句可知, 公布研究数据有助于让科研者更有条理, 经受训练以避免之后的困惑。故选B。