高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 1 Art学案及答案

UNIT 1 ART

Ⅰ.匹配词义

a．匹配下列单词词义

(　　)1.precise　　　　 A．vt.购买；采购

(　　)2.breakthrough   B．n.名誉；名声

(　　)3.reputation   C．adj.准确的；精确的

(　　)4.purchase   D．n.重大进展；突破

(　　)5.subjective   E．adj.主观的

[答案]　1—5　CDBAE

b．匹配下列短语词义

(　　)1.set apart from　 A．关注；聚焦于

(　　)2.in particular   B．喜爱；喜欢

(　　)3.as a result   C．尤其；特别

(　　)4.focus on   D．使与众不同；使突出；使优于……

(　　)5.be fond of   E．结果

[答案]　1—5　DCEAB

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．realistic adj.　　　　 现实的；逼真的

2．dimension n.   维；规模；范围

3．influential adj.   有很大影响力的；有支配力的

4．noble adj.   崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的

n.   贵族成员；出身高贵的人

5．rank n.   地位；级别；行列

　vt.&vi.   把……分等级；使排成行

6．sunrise n.   日出

7．outer adj.   外表的；外边的；外围的

8．subsequent adj.   随后的；后来的；之后的

9．sculpture n.   雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术

10．visual adj.   视觉的；视力的

Ⅰ.选词填空

precise；subsequent；subjective；primitive；convey；breakthrough；mythology；purchase；reputation；photography

1．Everyone's opinion is bound to be subjective．

2．His tone conveyed his real feelings more truly than his words.

3．In Greek mythology，Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.

4．If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund.

5．She soon acquired a reputation as a first­class cook.

6．Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.

7．Can you give a more precise definition of the word?

8．Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements.

9．Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report.

10．Did you see the film about Antarctica? The photography was superb!

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．It is not realistic(realism) to expect people to spend so much money.

2．Religious values can often differ greatly from humanistic(humanity) morals.

3．She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics.

4．The emergence(emerge) of the new idea encouraged us.

5．Exploring outer(out) space is a challenge to mankind.

6．He studied sculpture(sculptor) because he enjoyed working with clay.

1．As there have been so many different styles of Western art，it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.

由于西方艺术的风格千差万别，不可能用一个简短的文稿来描述它们。

2．While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.

虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。

3．With their deep colours and realism，some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.

有着深沉的色彩和写实，一些最好的油画看起来像照片。

4．After that，paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.

在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌。

5．What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”

他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？”

名师圈点

①precise adj.准确的；精确的

②definition n．定义

③Christianity 基督教

④realistic adj.现实的；逼真的

⑤scene n．场景；场面

⑥work n．著作

⑦primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的

⑧two­dimensional adj.二维的

⑨character n．人物；角色

⑩Giotto di Bondone乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267—1337)，意大利画家、雕塑家与建筑师，被认定为是意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者，被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。

⑪in particular 特别；尤其

⑫set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……

⑬impact n．影响

⑭replace v．代替；取代

⑮as a result结果

⑯concentrate on集中于

⑰adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养

⑱humanistic adj.人文主义的

⑲breakthrough n．突破；重大进展

⑳perspective n．透视法

influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的

innovation n．创新

realism n．现实主义

photograph n．照片

photography n．照相术；摄影

as early as早在

height n．高；高度

reputation n．名誉；名声

shadow n．影；阴影

emphasis n．重点

shift vt.转移；挪动

noble n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人

purchase vt.购买；采购

accurate adj.精确的；准确的

historical adj.历史的

mythology n．神话；虚幻的想法

client n．委托人；当事人；客户

no longer不再

preserve v．保存；保留

emerge vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露

convey vt.表达；传递；传送

subjective adj.主观的

detailed adj.详细的；详尽的

focus on注意；集中于；聚焦于

black­and­white photograph 黑白照片

seek v．寻找；寻求

outer adj.外边的；外围的

subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的

analyse v．分析

exist v．存在

Cubism n．立体主义

quality n．质量；品质

原文呈现

A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING

What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise① definition②.As there have been so many different styles of Western art，it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.

The Middle Ages(from the 5th to the 15th century)

During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity③. Thus，artists were not interested in painting realistic④ scenes⑤. Their works⑥ were often primitive⑦ and two­dimensional⑧，and the main characters⑨ were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267－1337)⑩. While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.[1] In particular⑪，his paintings are set apart from⑫ other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact⑬.

[1]while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。

The Renaissance(from the 14th to the 17th century)

New ideas and values gradually replaced⑭ old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result⑮，painters concentrated less on⑯ religious themes. They began to adopt⑰ a more humanistic⑱ attitude to life. An important breakthrough⑲ during this period was the use of perspective⑳ by Masaccio(1401－1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452－1519)，Michelangelo(1475－1564)，and Raphael(1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.

Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism，some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606－1669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.

In subject matter，the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.

Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)

The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid­19th century. After that，paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.[2] Hence，painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this，Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet(1840－1926) called Impression，Sunrise. In this work，Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.

[2]what引导宾语从句，作preserve的宾语。

While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life，others，such as Renoir (1841－1919)，focused on people. Unlike the cold，black­and­white photographs of that time period，Renoir's paintings are full of light，shadow，colour，and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.

Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)

After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask，“What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso (1881－1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way，with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream­like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”

译文参考

西方绘画简史

什么是西方艺术？很难给出准确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格千差万别，不可能用一个简短的文稿来描述它们。也许了解西方艺术的最好方法就是观察西方绘画在几个世纪里的发展。

中世纪(从5世纪到15世纪)

在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教给人们有关基督教的知识。因此，艺术家对写实的场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物往往被塑造得比其他人都大得多，以显示他们的重要性。13世纪，随着乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267－1337)的出现，这种情况开始发生变化。虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的绘画作品，更是以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。

文艺复兴时期(从14世纪到17世纪)

新观念和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧观念和价值观。因此，画家对宗教题材的关注较少。他们开始对生活采取更加人道的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401－1428)使用透视法。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗基罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。

另一个创新是使用油墨颜料。有着深沉的色彩和写实，一些最好的油画看起来像照片。尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。

在主题上，重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到我们周围的人和世界。国王、贵族和地位高的人都想购买自己和他们所爱的人的精确照片。其他人则希望画出一些重要的历史事件或神话故事。最后，大多数客户希望看到漂亮有趣的画。

印象主义(画派)(19世纪末20世纪初)

西方艺术的发展缓慢下来，直到19世纪中叶摄影术的发明。在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌。因此，画家必须找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。自此以后，印象派在法国出现了。这一新运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈(1840－1926)的画作《印象日出》。在他的作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和运动——场景给他的主观印象，但不是对场景本身的详细记录。

当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景时，其他人，如雷诺阿(1841－1919)，则关注于人。与那个时期的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画不像充满了光、影、色和生命。他不仅要表现他主题的外在形象，还要表现他们内心的温暖和人性。

现代艺术(20世纪至今)

印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问：“我们下一步该怎么办？画家毕加索(1881－1973)试图以立体的方式分析自然界中存在的形态，但又以一种新的方式进行分析。其他人给他们的画一个现实的，但梦想般的质量。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？”