2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book8　Module5　TheConquestoftheUniverse

Book 8   Module 5　The Conquest of the Universe

1．Millions of people watched the spaceship go into space, worried and excited.

数以百万计的人观看飞船发射到太空，既担心又兴奋。

2．It seemed to have been a long time before the spaceship landed safely.

似乎过了很长时间宇宙飞船才安全着陆。

3．Little do human beings know about the secret of the universe so they have been exploring it.

人类对宇宙的秘密了解甚少，所以他们一直在探索宇宙。

4．When I boarded the Shenzhou V spacecraft for the first time, I couldn't help feeling very excited.

当我第一次登上神舟五号宇宙飞船时，我不禁感到非常兴奋。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　　核心单词

(1)accustomed (adj.) 习惯的→accustom (v.) 使习惯

(2)assume (v.) 假定；假设→assumption (n.) 假定；假设

(3)patience (n.) 耐心→patient (adj.) 耐心的

(4)advanced (adj.) 高级的；先进的→advance (n.) 进展；前进 (v.) 进步；前进；推进

(5)burst (v.) 爆炸→burst (过去式)→burst (过去分词)

(6)depend (v.) 依靠；取决于→dependence (n.) 依靠→dependent (adj.) 依靠的；依赖的

(7)random (adj.) 任意的；随机的

(8)defeat (vt.) 击败；战胜 (n.) 失败

(9)accuse (v.) 指责

(10)relief (n.) 安慰；宽慰→relieve (v.) 缓和；减轻

(11)devotion (n.) 忠诚→devote (v.) 奉献；致力于→devoted (adj.) 忠诚的

(12)consult (v.) 咨询；请教

(13)observation (n.) 观察；监视→observe (v.) 观察

(14)deliberately (adv.) 蓄意地；故意地→deliberate (adj.) 故意的

Ⅱ　　阅读单词

(1)leap (n.) 飞跃；跳跃 (v.) 跳跃

(2)historic (adj.) 历史性的；有重大历史意义的→history (n.) 历史

(3)witness (v.) 目击；亲眼看见；亲身经历  (n.) 目击者；见证人

(4)acknowledge (v.) 承认；认为

(5)tension (n.) 紧张关系

(6)sorrow (n.) 悲伤；悲痛

(7)latter (n.) (刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个；第二个

(8)grasp (n.) 控制 (v.) 抓住；了解

(9)division (n.) 部分→divide (v.) 分开；分成

(10)foresee (v.) 预知；预见

(11)broad (adj.) 丰富的；广泛的

(12)sympathy (n.) 同情；同情心

(13)arguably (adv.) 有争议地→arguable (adj.) 有争议的→argue (v.) 争议；争论→argument (n.) 争论

(14)invasion (n.) 入侵→invade (v.) 侵入；侵略

(15)inescapable (adj.) 不可避免的

　[单句语法填空]

1.She is accused ________ stealing from the petty cash box.

答案：of

2．Accustomed to ________ (be) poor, he found it hard to adapt to a wealthy life in a short period of time.

答案：being

3．They lost the game, but they refused to acknowledge having been ________ (defeat).

答案：defeated

4．I'm going to consult with my publisher ________ my forthcoming book.

答案：about

5．________ (devote) to his research work, the scientist has little time to spend with his family.

答案：Devoted

6．________ (relief) the burden of the family, Li Ming was always voluntary to undertake the toughest task in the company.

答案：To relieve

7．He claimed to have ________ (witness) the accident.

答案：witnessed

8．He has been an ________ (advance) worker for years.

答案：advanced

9．________ (assume) that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.

答案：Assuming

10．I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ________ (patient)．

答案：patience

1．­ness结尾的名词集锦

①witness 目击者

②darkness 黑暗

③happiness 幸福

④illness 疾病

⑤kindness 善良

⑥laziness 懒惰

⑦loneliness 孤独

⑧sadness 伤心

⑨shyness 害羞

⑩tiredness 疲劳

2．in­为否定前缀的形容词集锦

①inescapable 不可避免的

②inconsiderate 不体谅别人的

③incorrect 不正确的

④incredible 难以置信的

⑤inaccurate 不准确的

⑥inexact 不准确的

⑦infrequent 不常发生的

⑧invisible 看不见的

3．“A A A”式不规则变化动词

①burst—burst—burst 爆发

②cast—cast—cast 投；抛

③cost—cost—cost 值；花费

④cut—cut—cut 割

⑤hit—hit—hit 打中

⑥hurt—hurt—hurt 损伤

⑦let—let—let 让

⑧put—put—put 放；放下

1．other_than　　　　　　　　除了

2．at_the_very_beginning_of  在……一开始的时候

3．a_series_of  一系列的；一连串的

4．in_spite_of  不管

5．make_it  成功；及时到达

6．accuse sb. of doing sth.  指责某人做某事

7．set out  开始做；着手进行

8．be similar to  与……相似的

9．be accustomed to  习惯于

10．be consistent with  和……一致

　[选词填空]

in spite of, a series of, be similar to, at the very beginning of, other than, accuse ... of ...

1．________ the fact that he isn't interested in the plan, he is listening to Helen carefully.

答案：In spite of

2．It was ________ the meeting the manager made the decision that they should send more workers there.

答案：at the very beginning of

3．The government will begin ________ presentations to help the public fully understand the new educational system.

答案：a series of

4．They ________ him ________ stealing a car.

答案：accused; of

5．Studying the contents of the report, Mary found that many of the items ________ those of her own.

答案：are similar to

6．You can't get there ________ by swimming.

答案：other than

1．witness的相关短语集锦

①be a witness to sth. 目击；看见某事发生

②bear/give witness (to sth.) 为(某事)作证；证明

③in witness of 作为……的证明；为……作证

2．assume的相关短语搭配

①assume that 假定；认为……

②assume ... to be ... 认为……是……；假定……是……

③assuming that ...  假定……(作状语)

答案：Little did I know

直击重点 突破考点

1. accustomed　adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的(P58)

(1)单句语法填空

①As we all know, English people are accustomed to ________ (drive) on the left.

②You'll soon get accustomed ________ the custom here.

答案：①driving　②to

(2)单句写作

①He __________________ the new job as soon as possible.

他使自己尽可能快地习惯新的工作。

②I ________________________ alone now, and I don't think I would like to share a house with anyone else again.

我现在很习惯独居，我觉得我不愿意再和别人同住了。

③He quickly ____________________ the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.

他很快适应了大学里浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。

答案：①accustomed himself to　②am so accustomed/used to living　③got/became accustomed/used to

(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.＝be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(状态)

get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.＝get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(动作)

(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于

accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯(做)某事

特别提醒

短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。

2. patience　n．耐心(P59)

(1)单句语法填空

①Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us ________ (patient)．

②I'd been waiting for twenty minutes and I was getting ________ (patient)．

答案：①patiently　②impatient

(2)单句写作

①He's a good teacher, but he doesn't ________________ the slower pupils.

他是个好老师，但对领悟能力较差的学生没多大耐心。

②I'm beginning to ______________ you people.

我开始对你们这些人失去耐心了。

③______________ her—she's very young.

对她耐心点——她年纪太小了。

答案：①have much patience with　②lose patience with　③Be patient with

(1)have (no) patience with sb./sth. 对某人/物(没)有耐心

lose patience with sb./sth. 对某人/某物失去耐心

(2)patient n. 病人　adj. 有耐心的

be patient with sb./sth. 对某人/某物有耐心

(3)patiently adv. 耐心地

impatient adj. 无耐心的

3. accuse　v．指责；控告(P67)

①He accused the Government of ________ (refuse) to face the facts about the economy.

②The shopkeeper was charged ________ cheating customers in commodity trades.

③The ________ (accuse) was declared to be innocent by the court.

④She was surprised that he had no words of blame or ________ (accuse) for her.

答案：①refusing　②with　③accused　④accusation

(2)单句写作

①She ____________________ lying.

她指责他说谎。

②The professor has been ____________ stealing his student's ideas and publishing them.

那位教授被指控剽窃学生的观点拿去发表。

答案：①accused him of　②accused of

(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.＝charge sb. with (doing) sth.指责/控告某人(做)某事

be accused as ... 被指控为……

(2)the accused 被告

(3)accusation n. 控告；告发；指控

in spite of 尽管；不管(P59)

(1)句型转换

①They had a wonderful holiday, ____________ the bad weather.

→They had a wonderful holiday, ____________ the weather was bad.

→They had a wonderful holiday, ____________ the weather was bad.

②English becomes their official language in business negotiations though they are all living in Beijing.

→English becomes their official language in business negotiations ____________ the fact that they are all living in Beijing.

答案：①despite/in spite of; in spite of/despite the fact that; though/although　②in spite of/despite

(2)单句写作

①____________ the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.

虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前为止，双方没有达成共识。

②She went to Spain ________________ her doctor had told her to rest.

尽管医生叫她休息，她还是去了西班牙。

答案：①Despite/In spite of　②in spite of/despite  the fact that/though/although

despite＝in spite of 尽管；不管

in spite of/despite the fact that ... 尽管……的事实；不管……的事实

though/although ...  尽管/虽然……

in spite of/despite oneself 不由自主地；身不由己地

1. [教材原句]What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.

我们从太空研究中的发现对于地球上的我们来说很重要。(P60)

单句语法填空

①The fact worried her a bit ________ her hair was turning gray.

②I have no idea ________ we can do with these waste materials.

③It is the doctor's real doubt ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

④ ________ breaks the rules will be punished.

⑤ ________ this happened is not clear to anyone.

答案：①that　②what　③whether　④Whoever　⑤How

名词性从句的连接词

(1)that和what

①that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。

②what除起连接作用外，还可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。

(2)whether和if

①起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。

②引导宾语从句时，if, whether一般可互换，但whether引导的宾语从句可位于复合句的句首，if引导的宾语从句不可以放在句首。

③引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、作介词的宾语及与or not连用时用whether不用if。

(3)“疑问代词＋ever”

其可引导名词性从句，且在从句中充当一定的成分。

(4)其他连接代词和副词

其他常见的连接代(副)词包括who, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how等，这些连接词既有词义，又在从句中充当某种成分。

2. [教材原句]Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption ...

尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们作出一个设想……(P69)

单句写作

①____________ he was, he continued his work.

尽管他累了，他还是继续工作。

②____________________， he has to make a living.

虽然他是个孩子，但他得谋生。

③________________ it may seem, I like doing housework.

说来也许奇怪，但我喜欢做家务。

④____________ he might, he couldn't solve the problem.

尽管他想方设法，却未能解决这个问题。

⑤Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________________ cannot be changed.

尽管历史不可能被改变，但是我们可以吸取教训面对未来。

答案：①Tired as　②Child as he is　③Strange though　④Try as　⑤though/although history

(1)as引导让步状语从句时应用部分倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。

(2)though引导的让步状语从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。

课文回练 升华运用

Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people __1__ (become) accustomed to the idea of space travel. All three astronauts made it __2__ (safe) back to Earth, __3__ (use) a spaceship computer __4__ was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. There were several more __5__ (journey) into space over the next few years but the single spaceships were very expensive as they could not take __6__ more than once. The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia.The aim of this flight was __7__ (test) the new shuttle system, to go safely up into orbit and to return to the Earth for a safe landing. This was the start of a new age of space travel.

By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed __8__ (lose) its fear and wonder at the amazing __9__ (achieve) of people going up into space. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the take­off on TV. Sadly the Challenger had exploded in mid­air. It happened so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. In spite of all our __10__ (advance) technology，the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.have become　2.safely　3.using　4.that/which

5．journeys　6.off　7.to test　8.to have lost　9.achievement　10.advanced