2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book8　Module5　TheConquestoftheUniverse

Book 8   Module 5　The Conquest of the Universe1．Millions of people watched the spaceship go into space, worried and excited.数以百万计的人观看飞船发射到太空，既担心又兴奋。2．It seemed to have been a long time before the spaceship landed safely.似乎过了很长时间宇宙飞船才安全着陆。3．Little do human beings know about the secret of the universe so they have been exploring it.人类对宇宙的秘密了解甚少，所以他们一直在探索宇宙。4．When I boarded the Shenzhou V spacecraft for the first time, I couldn't help feeling very excited.当我第一次登上神舟五号宇宙飞船时，我不禁感到非常兴奋。 自主排查 夯基固本 Ⅰ　　核心单词(1)accustomed (adj.) 习惯的→accustom (v.) 使习惯(2)assume (v.) 假定；假设→assumption (n.) 假定；假设(3)patience (n.) 耐心→patient (adj.) 耐心的(4)advanced (adj.) 高级的；先进的→advance (n.) 进展；前进 (v.) 进步；前进；推进(5)burst (v.) 爆炸→burst (过去式)→burst (过去分词)(6)depend (v.) 依靠；取决于→dependence (n.) 依靠→dependent (adj.) 依靠的；依赖的(7)random (adj.) 任意的；随机的(8)defeat (vt.) 击败；战胜 (n.) 失败(9)accuse (v.) 指责(10)relief (n.) 安慰；宽慰→relieve (v.) 缓和；减轻(11)devotion (n.) 忠诚→devote (v.) 奉献；致力于→devoted (adj.) 忠诚的(12)consult (v.) 咨询；请教(13)observation (n.) 观察；监视→observe (v.) 观察(14)deliberately (adv.) 蓄意地；故意地→deliberate (adj.) 故意的Ⅱ　　阅读单词(1)leap (n.) 飞跃；跳跃 (v.) 跳跃(2)historic (adj.) 历史性的；有重大历史意义的→history (n.) 历史(3)witness (v.) 目击；亲眼看见；亲身经历  (n.) 目击者；见证人(4)acknowledge (v.) 承认；认为(5)tension (n.) 紧张关系(6)sorrow (n.) 悲伤；悲痛(7)latter (n.) (刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个；第二个(8)grasp (n.) 控制 (v.) 抓住；了解(9)division (n.) 部分→divide (v.) 分开；分成(10)foresee (v.) 预知；预见(11)broad (adj.) 丰富的；广泛的(12)sympathy (n.) 同情；同情心(13)arguably (adv.) 有争议地→arguable (adj.) 有争议的→argue (v.) 争议；争论→argument (n.) 争论(14)invasion (n.) 入侵→invade (v.) 侵入；侵略(15)inescapable (adj.) 不可避免的　[单句语法填空]1.She is accused ________ stealing from the petty cash box.答案：of2．Accustomed to ________ (be) poor, he found it hard to adapt to a wealthy life in a short period of time. 答案：being3．They lost the game, but they refused to acknowledge having been ________ (defeat). 答案：defeated4．I'm going to consult with my publisher ________ my forthcoming book.答案：about5．________ (devote) to his research work, the scientist has little time to spend with his family.答案：Devoted6．________ (relief) the burden of the family, Li Ming was always voluntary to undertake the toughest task in the company. 答案：To relieve7．He claimed to have ________ (witness) the accident.答案：witnessed8．He has been an ________ (advance) worker for years.答案：advanced9．________ (assume) that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest. 答案：Assuming10．I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ________ (patient)．答案：patience1．­ness结尾的名词集锦①witness 目击者②darkness 黑暗③happiness 幸福④illness 疾病⑤kindness 善良⑥laziness 懒惰⑦loneliness 孤独⑧sadness 伤心⑨shyness 害羞⑩tiredness 疲劳2．in­为否定前缀的形容词集锦①inescapable 不可避免的②inconsiderate 不体谅别人的③incorrect 不正确的④incredible 难以置信的⑤inaccurate 不准确的⑥inexact 不准确的⑦infrequent 不常发生的⑧invisible 看不见的3．“A A A”式不规则变化动词①burst—burst—burst 爆发②cast—cast—cast 投；抛③cost—cost—cost 值；花费④cut—cut—cut 割⑤hit—hit—hit 打中⑥hurt—hurt—hurt 损伤⑦let—let—let 让⑧put—put—put 放；放下1．other_than　　　　　　　　除了2．at_the_very_beginning_of  在……一开始的时候3．a_series_of  一系列的；一连串的4．in_spite_of  不管5．make_it  成功；及时到达6．accuse sb. of doing sth.  指责某人做某事7．set out  开始做；着手进行8．be similar to  与……相似的9．be accustomed to  习惯于10．be consistent with  和……一致　[选词填空]in spite of, a series of, be similar to, at the very beginning of, other than, accuse ... of ... 1．________ the fact that he isn't interested in the plan, he is listening to Helen carefully.答案：In spite of2．It was ________ the meeting the manager made the decision that they should send more workers there.答案：at the very beginning of3．The government will begin ________ presentations to help the public fully understand the new educational system.答案：a series of4．They ________ him ________ stealing a car.答案：accused; of5．Studying the contents of the report, Mary found that many of the items ________ those of her own.答案：are similar to6．You can't get there ________ by swimming.答案：other than1．witness的相关短语集锦①be a witness to sth. 目击；看见某事发生②bear/give witness (to sth.) 为(某事)作证；证明③in witness of 作为……的证明；为……作证2．assume的相关短语搭配①assume that 假定；认为……②assume ... to be ... 认为……是……；假定……是……③assuming that ...  假定……(作状语)课文原句句式梳理仿写训练But when, in 1938, the American actor and director, Orson Welles set a radio drama of The War of the Worlds in the real life New Jersey town of Grover's Mill, little did he know what impact he was going to make.(P69)但是1938年当这位美国演员兼导演奥森·韦尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。little did he know what impact he was going to make中，否定词little位于句首，引起部分倒装结构，本句相当于he knew  little what impact he was going to make。____________________ (我一点也没有想到) that this spelled the end of my career.答案：Little did I know 直击重点 突破考点 1. accustomed　adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的(P58)(1)单句语法填空①As we all know, English people are accustomed to ________ (drive) on the left.②You'll soon get accustomed ________ the custom here.答案：①driving　②to(2)单句写作①He __________________ the new job as soon as possible.他使自己尽可能快地习惯新的工作。②I ________________________ alone now, and I don't think I would like to share a house with anyone else again.我现在很习惯独居，我觉得我不愿意再和别人同住了。③He quickly ____________________ the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.他很快适应了大学里浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。答案：①accustomed himself to　②am so accustomed/used to living　③got/became accustomed/used to(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.＝be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(状态)get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.＝get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(动作)(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯(做)某事特别提醒短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。2. patience　n．耐心(P59)(1)单句语法填空①Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us ________ (patient)．②I'd been waiting for twenty minutes and I was getting ________ (patient)．答案：①patiently　②impatient(2)单句写作①He's a good teacher, but he doesn't ________________ the slower pupils.他是个好老师，但对领悟能力较差的学生没多大耐心。②I'm beginning to ______________ you people.我开始对你们这些人失去耐心了。③______________ her—she's very young.对她耐心点——她年纪太小了。答案：①have much patience with　②lose patience with　③Be patient with(1)have (no) patience with sb./sth. 对某人/物(没)有耐心lose patience with sb./sth. 对某人/某物失去耐心(2)patient n. 病人　adj. 有耐心的be patient with sb./sth. 对某人/某物有耐心(3)patiently adv. 耐心地impatient adj. 无耐心的3. accuse　v．指责；控告(P67)①He accused the Government of ________ (refuse) to face the facts about the economy.②The shopkeeper was charged ________ cheating customers in commodity trades. ③The ________ (accuse) was declared to be innocent by the court.④She was surprised that he had no words of blame or ________ (accuse) for her.答案：①refusing　②with　③accused　④accusation(2)单句写作①She ____________________ lying.她指责他说谎。②The professor has been ____________ stealing his student's ideas and publishing them.那位教授被指控剽窃学生的观点拿去发表。答案：①accused him of　②accused of(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.＝charge sb. with (doing) sth.指责/控告某人(做)某事be accused as ... 被指控为……(2)the accused 被告(3)accusation n. 控告；告发；指控in spite of 尽管；不管(P59)(1)句型转换①They had a wonderful holiday, ____________ the bad weather.→They had a wonderful holiday, ____________ the weather was bad.→They had a wonderful holiday, ____________ the weather was bad.②English becomes their official language in business negotiations though they are all living in Beijing.→English becomes their official language in business negotiations ____________ the fact that they are all living in Beijing.答案：①despite/in spite of; in spite of/despite the fact that; though/although　②in spite of/despite(2)单句写作①____________ the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前为止，双方没有达成共识。②She went to Spain ________________ her doctor had told her to rest.尽管医生叫她休息，她还是去了西班牙。答案：①Despite/In spite of　②in spite of/despite  the fact that/though/althoughdespite＝in spite of 尽管；不管in spite of/despite the fact that ... 尽管……的事实；不管……的事实though/although ...  尽管/虽然……in spite of/despite oneself 不由自主地；身不由己地1. [教材原句]What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.我们从太空研究中的发现对于地球上的我们来说很重要。(P60)单句语法填空①The fact worried her a bit ________ her hair was turning gray.②I have no idea ________ we can do with these waste materials.③It is the doctor's real doubt ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.④ ________ breaks the rules will be punished.⑤ ________ this happened is not clear to anyone.答案：①that　②what　③whether　④Whoever　⑤How名词性从句的连接词(1)that和what①that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。②what除起连接作用外，还可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。(2)whether和if①起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。②引导宾语从句时，if, whether一般可互换，但whether引导的宾语从句可位于复合句的句首，if引导的宾语从句不可以放在句首。③引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、作介词的宾语及与or not连用时用whether不用if。(3)“疑问代词＋ever”其可引导名词性从句，且在从句中充当一定的成分。(4)其他连接代词和副词其他常见的连接代(副)词包括who, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how等，这些连接词既有词义，又在从句中充当某种成分。2. [教材原句]Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption ... 尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们作出一个设想……(P69)单句写作①____________ he was, he continued his work.尽管他累了，他还是继续工作。②____________________， he has to make a living.虽然他是个孩子，但他得谋生。③________________ it may seem, I like doing housework.说来也许奇怪，但我喜欢做家务。④____________ he might, he couldn't solve the problem.尽管他想方设法，却未能解决这个问题。⑤Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________________ cannot be changed.尽管历史不可能被改变，但是我们可以吸取教训面对未来。答案：①Tired as　②Child as he is　③Strange though　④Try as　⑤though/although history(1)as引导让步状语从句时应用部分倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。(2)though引导的让步状语从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。 课文回练 升华运用 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people __1__ (become) accustomed to the idea of space travel. All three astronauts made it __2__ (safe) back to Earth, __3__ (use) a spaceship computer __4__ was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. There were several more __5__ (journey) into space over the next few years but the single spaceships were very expensive as they could not take __6__ more than once. The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia.The aim of this flight was __7__ (test) the new shuttle system, to go safely up into orbit and to return to the Earth for a safe landing. This was the start of a new age of space travel.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed __8__ (lose) its fear and wonder at the amazing __9__ (achieve) of people going up into space. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the take­off on TV. Sadly the Challenger had exploded in mid­air. It happened so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. In spite of all our __10__ (advance) technology，the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.have become　2.safely　3.using　4.that/which5．journeys　6.off　7.to test　8.to have lost　9.achievement　10.advanced