2020版一轮复习英语重大版学案：学通语法第十二讲特殊句式

第十二讲特殊句式

单句语法填空

1．(2018·天津高考单选)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that  we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

2．(2017·天津高考单选)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.

3．(2016·江苏高考单选)Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas.

4．(2015·湖南高考单选)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was  to have helped someone in trouble.

5．(2015·重庆高考单选)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.

6．(2015·天津高考单选)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.

7．(2015·北京高考单选)If accepted (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.

8．(2015·湖南高考单选)Always keep (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

一、强调句

1．基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。

It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.

只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。(强调方式状语)

2．一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？

Was it by cutting down the staff that she saved the firm?

她是通过裁员拯救了公司吗？

3．特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？

When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?

他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？

4．含有not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ...＋其他。

It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.

直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。

以上强调句型是对除谓语以外的成分的强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。

The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.

这位科学家真正地把他的一生献给了研究工作。 　　　　

二、倒装句

(一)部分倒装

部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：

1．当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。

①Not until she left did he realize how much he loved her.

直到她离开后他才意识到自己有多爱她。

②Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。

2．当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。

Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.

只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。

3．so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。

(1)“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。

—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.

—So have I.

——我有大量的工作要做。

——我也如此。

(2)“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。

—Liu Jia can’t answer the question.

—Neither/Nor can Peter.

——刘佳回答不上来这个问题。

——彼得也回答不上来。

4．在so/such ... that ...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。

So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.

他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。

5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。

Hard as they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.

尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。

(二)完全倒装

完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：

1．表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。

The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.

铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。

2．当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需用完全倒装。

Next door to ours live a foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China.

我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。

3．有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。

Present at the party were Mr  Green and many other guests.

出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。

三、状语从句的省略

在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：

此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。

Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not turn to him.

除非有必要，否则你最好不要向他请求帮助。

四、感叹句

感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。

1．what引导的感叹句

What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

What＋adj.＋ 可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

①What a strange plant!  I’ve never seen it before.

这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。

②What lovely children they are!

他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！

2．how引导的感叹句

①How interesting a story it is!

→What an interesting story it is!

→How interesting the story is!

这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！

②How time flies！时间过得真快啊！

五、反意疑问句

1．陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句

一般情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但如果主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。

①I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didn’t I?

我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？

②I don’t think the football team is likely to win, is it?

我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？

2．祈使句的反意疑问句

祈使句后的反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：

①Close the window, will/won’t you？关上窗户，好吗？

②Let’s go to the bookstore, shall we？我们去书店，好吗？

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither has Henry.

2．There comes (come) the school bus. Hurry up!

3．Some flowers shut up at night as if to_sleep (sleep)．

4．You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.

5．Had Jason shared his ideas with us  we would have made more progress.

6．(2019·陕西渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.

7．(2018·辽宁铁岭六校联考)What fun it is to take a rest after a long run!

8．(2019·广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while training (train) him.

9．It’s true, but I heard some people did (do) find their better half through online dating.

10．(2019·重庆一中月考)He said, “What a beautiful day! How I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to go out and find some food.”

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．10 miles east of our school lies two modern swimming pools. lies→lie

2．Video games can be a poor influence if leaving in the wrong hands. leaving→left

3．Only when I walked into the classroom and took out the books I realize that I had left the English book at home.books后加did

4．(2018·成都二诊)It was not until the boat started to sink when I worried about my safety.when→that

5．Thank you, Tom.But could you tell me where was it you found my wallet？it后加that

6．What surprising it is Bill shouldn’t realize what has happened！What→How

7．Never does it occur to Andrew that he could be admitted to the famous company.does→did

8．So delighted was my cousins that they didn’t hear the doorbell ringing.was→were

Ⅰ.语法填空

A story about violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once came across a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it __1__ (sell) to a collector.

He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to persuade him to sell __2__ violin. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable __3__ (possess) and he could not let it go. The __4__ (disappoint) Kreisler turned to leave, but then asked a favor. “May I play the instrument once more __5__ it is put away？”

Permission was given and the great musician began to play. The violin sang with a quality of music so beautiful that the collector could only listen __6__ amazement. “I have no right __7__ (keep) that to myself，” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is __8__ (you), Mr  Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.”

I want to live my life that way — to take it into the world and live it __9__ (full). I’d rather be used up than die not having done whatever I could. Happiness is found in investing our lives in others. Say yes when __10__ (ask) for a hand. Volunteer some time for a worthwhile organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative. In the end, I know that my happiness will not have been about my ability or my inability. It will have been about my availability. My life is meant to be lived.

语篇解读：本文通过讲述一位伟大的小提琴家为了得到一把小提琴而经历的曲折故事，告诉我们应该让自己的生活过得充实，不要留下遗憾。

1．had been sold　sell的动作发生在learned之前，应该用过去完成时；主语it指代violin，与sell之间为被动关系，故空处应用被动语态。

2．the　根据语境可知，此处表特指，故用the。

3．possessions　此处应该用名词，possession意为“所有物”，为可数名词，由one of可知，空处应该用复数形式。

4．disappointed　disappoint为动词，空处修饰名词Kreisler，应用形容词，故填disappointed。

5．before　Kreisler想在小提琴收起来之前拉一次。

6．in　in amazement相当于in surprise，表示一种吃惊的状态。

7．to keep　have no right to do sth.意为“没有权利做某事”，为固定用法。

8．yours　此处需要用名词性物主代词，指代your violin。

9．fully　修饰动词live需要用副词。

10．asked　主句为祈使句，从句省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：when you are asked for a hand，因此用asked。

Ⅱ.短文改错

(2019·重庆南开中学一模)Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, in which sharing is the most important for me.In fact, I don’t realize its significance until I failed the mid­term exam last October, during which time I studied less hard.At first, I was addicted to read some science fictions in and outside class but didn’t do any homework.As a result, I was less active in class and felt depressing.Then my teacher and classmates talked about my studies with me and I told them about their worries.Thus my anxieties was beginning to be reduced with their help and I regained confident.That is sharing with others rather than keeping my worries to myself that has relieved me of trouble and made my studies less efficient.

答案：第一句：in→of/among

第二句：don’t→didn’t

第三句：read→reading; but→and

第四句：depressing→depressed

第五句：their→my

第六句：anxieties→anxiety; confident→confidence

第七句：That→It; less→more