2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book1　Module5　ALessoninaLab

Book 1　Module 5　A Lesson in a Lab

1．It seems amazing that we can get information about what's happening around the world in a few seconds online.

我们在网上几秒钟内就能获得世界上发生的一切事情的信息，这似乎令人惊叹。

2．The more confidence you build up in yourself, the better chance you have of doing the experiment successfully.

你越自信，成功完成实验的机会就越大。

3．The problem is that I have no idea who to turn  to or where to go.

问题是我不知道向谁求助或者该去哪里。

4．When leaving the laboratory, students should put all the instruments where they are.

离开实验室时，学生应该把所有仪器放回原处。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词

(1)expand (vi.) 膨胀

(2)contract (vi.) 收缩 (n.) 合同；契约

(3)mixture (n.) 混合物→mix (v.) 混合

(4)electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；用电的→electricity (n.) 电→electric (adj.) 电的

(5)stage (n.) 阶段；时期；舞台

(6)conclusion (n.) 结论→conclude (v.) 下结论；结束

(7)aim (n.) 目标；目的 (v.) 以……为目标→aimless (adj.) 漫无目的的

(8)react (vi.) (化学)反应→reaction (n.) 反应

(9)equipment (n.) 设备；装备→equip (vt.) 装备；配备

(10)boil (vt.) 煮；煮沸

(11)ordinary (adj.) 普通的；平常的→extraordinary (反义词) (adj.) 不平常的；非凡的

(12)float (vi.) 漂浮 (n.) 漂浮物

(13)form (vi.) 形成 (n.) 形式；表格→formal  (adj.)  正式的→informal (反义词) (adj.)  非正式的

(14)balance (n.) 天平→balanced (adj.) 平衡的

(15)astonished (adj.) 吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing (adj.) 令人吃惊的→astonish (vt.) 使吃惊→astonishment (n.) 惊讶

Ⅱ　阅读单词

(1)liquid (n.) 液体

(2)substance (n.) 物质

(3)partial  (adj.)  部分的，局部的→part (n.) 部分→partly (adv.) 部分地

(4)oxide (n.) 氧化物

(5)rust (vi.) 生锈

(6)steam (n.) 蒸汽，水汽

(7)dissolve (vi.) 溶解；分解；分离

(8)tongs (n.) 夹子，小钳子

(9)flame (n.) 火焰

(10)facility (n.) 设备；工具

(11)lecture (n.) 演讲

(12)department (n.) (大学的)科、系

　[单句语法填空]

1．When matter is heated, it  ________ (expand)．

答案：expands

2．They were  ________ (astonish) to find the driver was a six－year－old boy.

答案：astonished

3．I read all the books in English and went to most of the  ________ (lecture)．

答案：lectures

4．The home is situated within easy access of shops and other  ________ (facility).

答案：facilities

5．He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a  ________ (balance) diet.

答案：balanced

6．If his  ________ (react) are so slow, he shouldn't be in charge of a bus.

答案：reactions

7．In  ________ (conclude), walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.

答案：conclusion

8．You have added too much liquid to the  ________ (mix)．

答案：mixture

9．The new ________ (equip) has saved the lives of a number of newborn children.

答案：equipment

10．A plastic bag was  ________ (float) in the water.

答案：floating

1．­al结尾的形容词集锦

①electrical  与电有关的；用电的

②partial  部分的，局部的

③eventual最终的

④final最终的

⑤formal正式的

⑥historical 历史的

⑦musical 悦耳的

⑧normal正常的

⑨physical 身体的

⑩political 政治的

2．“吃惊”家族

①astonishing令人惊呆的； astonished 惊呆的

②amazing 令人吃惊的； amazed 感到吃惊的

③surprising 令人惊奇的； surprised感到惊奇的

3．配套使用、常用复数形式的名词

①tongs 夹子，小钳子

②glasses 眼镜

③jeans 牛仔裤

④scissors剪刀

⑤shoes鞋子

⑥compasses 圆规

⑦trousers 裤子

1．react_with　与……起反应

2．put ... in order  把……按顺序排列

3．at_the_top/bottom_of  在……顶部/底部

4．add ... to ...   往……加……

5．keep ... out of ...   不让……进入；使……避开……

6．go ahead  开始做某事；〈口〉请说吧；请用吧

7．used to  过去常常

8．in the area of  在……领域

9．be proud of  为……感到自豪/骄傲

10．be supposed to  应当；理应

　[选词填空]

at the bottom of, be supposed to, used to, add to, react with, be proud of

1．Perhaps you think you could easily ________ your happiness with  more money.

答案：add to

2．We  ________ check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock.

答案：are supposed to

3．The girl ________ be shy, but is gradually getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.

答案：used to

4．Hans Zhang  ________ himself for not giving up.

答案：was proud of

5．________ the paper were these words：“See what you can do when you keep trying.”

答案：At the bottom of

6．Iron ________ water and air to produce rust.

答案：reacts with

“be＋形容词＋of”结构

①be proud of 为……自豪

②be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧

③be aware of 意识到……，知道……

④be careful of 小心……

⑤be fond of 喜欢……

⑥be full of 充满……

⑦be afraid of 害怕……

⑧be sick of 对……厌恶

⑨be tired of 对……厌烦

⑩be worthy of 值得……的

答案：has been finished

直击重点 突破考点

１．conclusion　n．结论；结束(P44)

(1)单句改错

①What do you conclusion from that experiment?

_________________________________________________________________

②On conclusion, I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①conclusion→conclude　②On→In

(2)单句写作

①I have   __________________   that he is not the right person for the job.

我断定他不适合做此项工作。

②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ____________________ important points.

当集体讨论快要结束时，一定要总结出重点来。

答案：①come to/reached/arrived at/drawn a conclusion　②conclude it with

(3)句型转换

Researchers come to a conclusion that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.

→Researchers __________________ the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.

答案：conclude that

(1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论

make a conclusion 下结论

in conclusion总之；最后(finally)

(2)conclude v. 得出结论；推断出；结束

conclude that ...  推断出……

conclude sth. (with ... ) (以……)结束某事

２．aim　n．目标，目的　v．对准目标；打算(P44)

(1)单句语法填空

①He went to Beijing  ________  the aim of finding a job.

②I'm aiming  ________ (lose) 4 kg at the end of this year.

答案：①with　②to lose

(2)单句改错

These measures are aimed to preventing violent crimes.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：to→at

(3)单句写作

①You must  ______________ the fierce tiger carefully before you shoot.

射凶猛的老虎前你必须得仔细瞄准。

②Teamwork is required in order to __________________.

完成这些目标需要团队合作。

③She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization ____________ rid of homelessness.

她建立了Ladybug基金会，一个旨在消除无家可归的组织。

④Jane __________________ down the tree­lined street, not knowing where she was heading.

简在绿树成荫的大街上漫无目的地走，不知自己去向何方。

答案：①take aim at　②achieve/realize these aims　③aiming at getting　④moved aimlessly

(1)take aim at sb./sth. 瞄准……；向某人/事开火

with the aim of ... 目的是……；意在……

realize/achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标

(2)目的在于/旨在做某事

(3)aimless adj. 无目标的

３．react　v．反应，起作用，反对(P44)

(1)单句语法填空

①Many chemical substances react ________ oxygen.

②Our eyes react ________ the light.

③The bad students reacted ________ the social system.

答案：①with　②to　③against

(2)单句写作

What was his   ____________  the news?

他对这个消息有何反应？

答案：reaction to

(1)react to 对……作出反应，起反应

react with与……产生化学反应

react against反对；反抗

(2)reaction n．反应；起作用(常与介词to连用)

４．form　vt.& vi.形成　n．类型；种类；形式；表格；形状(P46)

(1)单句语法填空

①The young man  ________ (form) a habit of polishing his shoes before he leaves home so far.

②You will be asked to fill  ________  a form with details of your birth and occupation.

答案：①has formed　②in/out

(2)单句改错

He was out of the form at that time so he did not perform well.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉the

(3)单句写作

①The farmers pay pitiful wages, often   ______________________   food and clothes.

农场主支付的报酬少得可怜，还经常是以食物和衣服的形式。

②This special kind of art can   ______________________  paintings, sculptures or even stickers.

这种特殊的艺术可以采取一种绘画、雕塑，甚至贴纸形式。

③Please   ________________， and get out of this building from the nearest exit quickly and quietly.

请排好队，快速、安静地从最近的出口离开这里。

答案：①in the form of　②take the form of　③form a line

(1)form a(n) habit/opinion/idea/impression 形成一种习惯/看法/概念/印象

form a line 排队

(2)in the form of 以……形式

take the form of 采取……的形式

be in/out of form 处于良好/不良的状态下

fill in/out a form 填写表格

１．add ... to ... 把……加到……(P45)

(1)单句语法填空

①The women doctors and women nurses in the hospital add up ________ two hundred and five.

②________ addition, computer is also very helpful for study and work.

③Add ________ all the money I owe you and I will pay it back.

④Please add some sugar ________ the milk to make it more delicious.

答案：①to　②In　③up　④to

(2)单句写作

①She ______________ as a reporter she needed many different skills.

她补充说作为记者她需要多种不同的技能。

②______________  giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.

课程除了介绍一般电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。

答案：①added (that)　②In addition to

(1)add to＝increase 增加；添加

add up 把……加起来

add up to 合计达；加起来是

add (that) ... 补充说

(2)addition n. 加；加法；增加

in addition 另外

in addition to＝besides＝as well as 除……之外(还)

特别提醒

add to 后面常跟抽象名词，如：problem, difficulty, pleasure, happiness, helplessness等；而add ... to ... 的意思是“把……加到……”，常跟具体的名词。另外，add表示“补充说；又说”时，也是高频考点，需着重记忆。

２．used to do 过去(常常)……(P49)

(1)单句语法填空

①There used  ________ (be) a big lake near my house, but now it's small.

②Wood can be used  ________ (make) tables.

③I didn't think I could ever get used to  ________ (live) in a big city after living in the country.

答案：①to be　②to make　③living

(2)单句写作

①We ________________ live in the same house.

我们以前不住在同一所房子里。

②________  you  ________  read novels at night?

过去你晚上看小说吗？

答案：①used not to/usedn't to/didn't use to　②Used; to/Did; use to

(1)There used to be ... 过去(曾经)有……

be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

get/be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于某事/做某事

(2)疑问式：Used you to ...？/Did you use to ...?

否定式：used not to/usedn't to/didn't use to

３．be supposed to do 应当；理应(P49)

(1)单句语法填空

①Everyone is supposed  ________ (wear) a seat belt in the car.

②All of his friends supposed her  ________ (be) his wife.

答案：①to wear　 ②to be

(2)单句改错

Supposed that you came into a lot of money, what would you do then?

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Supposed→Suppose/Supposing

(3)单句写作

①The message is very important, so it ________________ as soon as possible.

这条信息很重要，所以应该尽快被送达。

②________________ he doesn't come, shall we go without him?

假如他不来，没有他我们就走吗？

③The college years __________________ a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.

大学阶段应该是一个培养学生自主性和塑造学生成人身份的重要时期。

答案：①is supposed to be sent　②Supposing/Suppose (that)　③are supposed to be

(1)be supposed to do sth.＝should do sth. 应该做某事

(2)suppose＋sb.＋(to be)＋adj./n. 认为某人……

suppose/supposing (that) ... 假定……；假如……

(3)I suppose so/not 我认为是/不是这样

(4)疑问词＋do you suppose＋陈述句？

你认为……？(do you suppose为插入语)

１．[教材原句]It is hard to think of a world without metals.

很难想象一个没有金属的世界。(P44)

单句写作

①__________ wise ________ them ________________ the suggestion.

他们很明智，拒绝了这个提议。

②__________ considerate ________ Michael __________ us of his delay in case we got worried.

迈克尔想得真周到，他通知我们他要迟到一会儿以防我们担心。

③__________ difficult ________ us ______________ what life was like  for slaves in the ancient world.

我们很难想象出古时奴隶们的生活是什么样子。

答案：①It is; of; to turn down　②It was; of; to inform　③It is; for; to imagine

(1)It is/was＋adj. (＋of sb.)＋to do sth.句型，该句型意为“(某人)做某事是……的”。此时形容词常是kind, nice, good, clever, wrong, foolish, right, careless, polite等表示人的性格、品质的词。

(2)It is/was＋adj. (＋for sb.)＋to do sth.句型，该句型意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。该结构中常见的形容词有necessary, important, easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, possible, impossible等表示事物的属性、特征的词。

２．[教材原句]The closer you are, the more you'll see.

你离的越近，看到的就越多。(P47)

(1)单句语法填空

①The more we get together, the  ________ (happy) we will be.

②The more expensive the salt is,  ________  faster it can be sold.

答案：①happier　②the

(2)单句改错

The more you practice, the well you can speak.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：well→better

(3)单句写作

①__________ learned a man is, __________ modest he usually becomes.

一个人越博学，他通常会变得越谦逊。

②__________ friends we have, __________ pleasure we can gain.

我们拥有的朋友越多，获得的快乐就越多。

③__________ you try to beat him, ______________ you will get hit.

你越是努力击败他，你越有可能被击败。

答案：①The more; the more　②The more; the more　③The harder; the more likely

“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”句式

(1)意为“越……，越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方的程度的变化而变化。

(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，常用一般将来时。

(3)本结构中常用省略形式。

课文回练 升华运用

From Passage A we know metals can react __1__ different __2__ (substance), for example, water and oxygen. The reaction of metals with these substances can be put __3__ order.

It can be seen the metals react most at the top and the metals react __4__ (little) at the bottom. When you heat calcium in oxygen, you'll find it burns __5__ (form) an oxide. And it can __6__ (easy) be seen copper doesn't react with water.

Let's observe some experiments __7__  prove whether iron reacts with other materials. In the first part of the experiment, the air is dry, not wet. __8__  shows that iron doesn't rust when the air is dry. In the second part of the experiment, you must boil the water __9__ (make) sure there is no air in it. You add some oil to the water because this __10__ (keep) air out of it. It shows that iron doesn't rust in water that has no air in it.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　

6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.with　2.substances　3.in　4.least　5.to form　6.easily　7.which　8.It　9.to make　10.keeps